openethereum/ethcore/src/block.rs

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// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
// This file is part of Parity.
// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Parity. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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//! Blockchain block.
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#![cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(ptr_arg))] // Because of &LastHashes -> &Vec<_>
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use common::*;
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use engine::*;
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use state::*;
use verification::PreverifiedBlock;
use trace::Trace;
use evm::Factory as EvmFactory;
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/// A block, encoded as it is on the block chain.
#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
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pub struct Block {
/// The header of this block.
pub header: Header,
/// The transactions in this block.
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pub transactions: Vec<SignedTransaction>,
/// The uncles of this block.
pub uncles: Vec<Header>,
}
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impl Block {
/// Returns true if the given bytes form a valid encoding of a block in RLP.
// TODO: implement Decoder for this and have this use that.
pub fn is_good(b: &[u8]) -> bool {
/*
let urlp = UntrustedRlp::new(&b);
if !urlp.is_list() || urlp.item_count() != 3 || urlp.size() != b.len() { return false; }
if urlp.val_at::<Header>(0).is_err() { return false; }
if !urlp.at(1).unwrap().is_list() { return false; }
if urlp.at(1).unwrap().iter().find(|i| i.as_val::<Transaction>().is_err()).is_some() {
return false;
}
if !urlp.at(2).unwrap().is_list() { return false; }
if urlp.at(2).unwrap().iter().find(|i| i.as_val::<Header>().is_err()).is_some() {
return false;
}
true*/
UntrustedRlp::new(b).as_val::<Block>().is_ok()
}
}
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impl Decodable for Block {
fn decode<D>(decoder: &D) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> where D: Decoder {
if decoder.as_raw().len() != try!(decoder.as_rlp().payload_info()).total() {
return Err(DecoderError::RlpIsTooBig);
}
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let d = decoder.as_rlp();
if d.item_count() != 3 {
return Err(DecoderError::RlpIncorrectListLen);
}
Ok(Block {
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header: try!(d.val_at(0)),
transactions: try!(d.val_at(1)),
uncles: try!(d.val_at(2)),
})
}
}
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/// Internal type for a block's common elements.
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#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct ExecutedBlock {
base: Block,
receipts: Vec<Receipt>,
transactions_set: HashSet<H256>,
state: State,
traces: Option<Vec<Trace>>,
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}
/// A set of references to `ExecutedBlock` fields that are publicly accessible.
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pub struct BlockRefMut<'a> {
/// Block header.
pub header: &'a mut Header,
/// Block transactions.
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pub transactions: &'a Vec<SignedTransaction>,
/// Block uncles.
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pub uncles: &'a Vec<Header>,
/// Transaction receipts.
pub receipts: &'a Vec<Receipt>,
/// State.
pub state: &'a mut State,
/// Traces.
pub traces: &'a Option<Vec<Trace>>,
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}
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/// A set of immutable references to `ExecutedBlock` fields that are publicly accessible.
pub struct BlockRef<'a> {
/// Block header.
pub header: &'a Header,
/// Block transactions.
pub transactions: &'a Vec<SignedTransaction>,
/// Block uncles.
pub uncles: &'a Vec<Header>,
/// Transaction receipts.
pub receipts: &'a Vec<Receipt>,
/// State.
pub state: &'a State,
/// Traces.
pub traces: &'a Option<Vec<Trace>>,
}
impl ExecutedBlock {
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/// Create a new block from the given `state`.
fn new(state: State, tracing: bool) -> ExecutedBlock {
ExecutedBlock {
base: Default::default(),
receipts: Default::default(),
transactions_set: Default::default(),
state: state,
traces: if tracing {Some(Vec::new())} else {None},
}
}
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/// Get a structure containing individual references to all public fields.
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pub fn fields_mut(&mut self) -> BlockRefMut {
BlockRefMut {
header: &mut self.base.header,
transactions: &self.base.transactions,
uncles: &self.base.uncles,
state: &mut self.state,
receipts: &self.receipts,
traces: &self.traces,
}
}
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/// Get a structure containing individual references to all public fields.
pub fn fields(&self) -> BlockRef {
BlockRef {
header: &self.base.header,
transactions: &self.base.transactions,
uncles: &self.base.uncles,
state: &self.state,
receipts: &self.receipts,
traces: &self.traces,
}
}
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}
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/// Trait for a object that is a `ExecutedBlock`.
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pub trait IsBlock {
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/// Get the block associated with this object.
fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock;
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/// Get the header associated with this object's block.
fn header(&self) -> &Header { &self.block().base.header }
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/// Get the final state associated with this object's block.
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fn state(&self) -> &State { &self.block().state }
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/// Get all information on transactions in this block.
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fn transactions(&self) -> &Vec<SignedTransaction> { &self.block().base.transactions }
/// Get all information on receipts in this block.
fn receipts(&self) -> &Vec<Receipt> { &self.block().receipts }
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/// Get all information concerning transaction tracing in this block.
fn traces(&self) -> &Option<Vec<Trace>> { &self.block().traces }
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/// Get all uncles in this block.
fn uncles(&self) -> &Vec<Header> { &self.block().base.uncles }
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}
impl IsBlock for ExecutedBlock {
fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { self }
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}
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/// Block that is ready for transactions to be added.
///
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/// It's a bit like a Vec<Transaction>, except that whenever a transaction is pushed, we execute it and
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/// maintain the system `state()`. We also archive execution receipts in preparation for later block creation.
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pub struct OpenBlock<'x> {
block: ExecutedBlock,
engine: &'x Engine,
vm_factory: &'x EvmFactory,
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last_hashes: LastHashes,
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}
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/// Just like `OpenBlock`, except that we've applied `Engine::on_close_block`, finished up the non-seal header fields,
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/// and collected the uncles.
///
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/// There is no function available to push a transaction.
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#[derive(Clone)]
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pub struct ClosedBlock {
block: ExecutedBlock,
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uncle_bytes: Bytes,
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last_hashes: LastHashes,
unclosed_state: State,
}
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/// Just like `ClosedBlock` except that we can't reopen it and it's faster.
///
/// We actually store the post-`Engine::on_close_block` state, unlike in `ClosedBlock` where it's the pre.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct LockedBlock {
block: ExecutedBlock,
uncle_bytes: Bytes,
last_hashes: LastHashes,
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}
/// A block that has a valid seal.
///
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/// The block's header has valid seal arguments. The block cannot be reversed into a `ClosedBlock` or `OpenBlock`.
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pub struct SealedBlock {
block: ExecutedBlock,
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uncle_bytes: Bytes,
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}
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impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
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#[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(too_many_arguments))]
/// Create a new `OpenBlock` ready for transaction pushing.
pub fn new(engine: &'x Engine, vm_factory: &'x EvmFactory, tracing: bool, db: Box<JournalDB>, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes, author: Address, gas_floor_target: U256, extra_data: Bytes) -> Self {
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let mut r = OpenBlock {
block: ExecutedBlock::new(State::from_existing(db, parent.state_root().clone(), engine.account_start_nonce()), tracing),
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engine: engine,
vm_factory: vm_factory,
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last_hashes: last_hashes,
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};
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r.block.base.header.parent_hash = parent.hash();
r.block.base.header.number = parent.number + 1;
r.block.base.header.author = author;
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r.block.base.header.set_timestamp_now(parent.timestamp());
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r.block.base.header.extra_data = extra_data;
r.block.base.header.note_dirty();
engine.populate_from_parent(&mut r.block.base.header, parent, gas_floor_target);
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engine.on_new_block(&mut r.block);
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r
}
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/// Alter the author for the block.
pub fn set_author(&mut self, author: Address) { self.block.base.header.set_author(author); }
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/// Alter the timestamp of the block.
pub fn set_timestamp(&mut self, timestamp: u64) { self.block.base.header.set_timestamp(timestamp); }
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/// Alter the difficulty for the block.
pub fn set_difficulty(&mut self, a: U256) { self.block.base.header.set_difficulty(a); }
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/// Alter the gas limit for the block.
pub fn set_gas_limit(&mut self, a: U256) { self.block.base.header.set_gas_limit(a); }
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/// Alter the gas limit for the block.
pub fn set_gas_used(&mut self, a: U256) { self.block.base.header.set_gas_used(a); }
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/// Alter the extra_data for the block.
pub fn set_extra_data(&mut self, extra_data: Bytes) -> Result<(), BlockError> {
if extra_data.len() > self.engine.maximum_extra_data_size() {
Err(BlockError::ExtraDataOutOfBounds(OutOfBounds{min: None, max: Some(self.engine.maximum_extra_data_size()), found: extra_data.len()}))
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} else {
self.block.base.header.set_extra_data(extra_data);
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Ok(())
}
}
/// Add an uncle to the block, if possible.
///
/// NOTE Will check chain constraints and the uncle number but will NOT check
/// that the header itself is actually valid.
pub fn push_uncle(&mut self, valid_uncle_header: Header) -> Result<(), BlockError> {
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if self.block.base.uncles.len() + 1 > self.engine.maximum_uncle_count() {
return Err(BlockError::TooManyUncles(OutOfBounds{min: None, max: Some(self.engine.maximum_uncle_count()), found: self.block.base.uncles.len() + 1}));
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}
// TODO: check number
// TODO: check not a direct ancestor (use last_hashes for that)
self.block.base.uncles.push(valid_uncle_header);
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Ok(())
}
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/// Get the environment info concerning this block.
pub fn env_info(&self) -> EnvInfo {
// TODO: memoise.
EnvInfo {
number: self.block.base.header.number,
author: self.block.base.header.author.clone(),
timestamp: self.block.base.header.timestamp,
difficulty: self.block.base.header.difficulty.clone(),
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last_hashes: self.last_hashes.clone(), // TODO: should be a reference.
gas_used: self.block.receipts.last().map_or(U256::zero(), |r| r.gas_used),
gas_limit: self.block.base.header.gas_limit.clone(),
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}
}
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/// Push a transaction into the block.
///
/// If valid, it will be executed, and archived together with the receipt.
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pub fn push_transaction(&mut self, t: SignedTransaction, h: Option<H256>) -> Result<&Receipt, Error> {
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if self.block.transactions_set.contains(&t.hash()) {
return Err(From::from(TransactionError::AlreadyImported));
}
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let env_info = self.env_info();
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// info!("env_info says gas_used={}", env_info.gas_used);
match self.block.state.apply(&env_info, self.engine, self.vm_factory, &t, self.block.traces.is_some()) {
Ok(outcome) => {
self.block.transactions_set.insert(h.unwrap_or_else(||t.hash()));
self.block.base.transactions.push(t);
let t = outcome.trace;
self.block.traces.as_mut().map(|traces| traces.push(t.expect("self.block.traces.is_some(): so we must be tracing: qed")));
self.block.receipts.push(outcome.receipt);
Ok(&self.block.receipts.last().unwrap())
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}
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Err(x) => Err(From::from(x))
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}
}
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/// Turn this into a `ClosedBlock`. A `BlockChain` must be provided in order to figure out the uncles.
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pub fn close(self) -> ClosedBlock {
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let mut s = self;
let unclosed_state = s.block.state.clone();
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s.engine.on_close_block(&mut s.block);
s.block.base.header.transactions_root = ordered_trie_root(s.block.base.transactions.iter().map(|ref e| e.rlp_bytes().to_vec()).collect());
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let uncle_bytes = s.block.base.uncles.iter().fold(RlpStream::new_list(s.block.base.uncles.len()), |mut s, u| {s.append_raw(&u.rlp(Seal::With), 1); s} ).out();
s.block.base.header.uncles_hash = uncle_bytes.sha3();
s.block.base.header.state_root = s.block.state.root().clone();
s.block.base.header.receipts_root = ordered_trie_root(s.block.receipts.iter().map(|ref r| r.rlp_bytes().to_vec()).collect());
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s.block.base.header.log_bloom = s.block.receipts.iter().fold(LogBloom::zero(), |mut b, r| {b = &b | &r.log_bloom; b}); //TODO: use |= operator
s.block.base.header.gas_used = s.block.receipts.last().map_or(U256::zero(), |r| r.gas_used);
s.block.base.header.note_dirty();
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ClosedBlock {
block: s.block,
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uncle_bytes: uncle_bytes,
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last_hashes: s.last_hashes,
unclosed_state: unclosed_state,
}
}
/// Turn this into a `LockedBlock`. A BlockChain must be provided in order to figure out the uncles.
pub fn close_and_lock(self) -> LockedBlock {
let mut s = self;
s.engine.on_close_block(&mut s.block);
s.block.base.header.transactions_root = ordered_trie_root(s.block.base.transactions.iter().map(|ref e| e.rlp_bytes().to_vec()).collect());
let uncle_bytes = s.block.base.uncles.iter().fold(RlpStream::new_list(s.block.base.uncles.len()), |mut s, u| {s.append_raw(&u.rlp(Seal::With), 1); s} ).out();
s.block.base.header.uncles_hash = uncle_bytes.sha3();
s.block.base.header.state_root = s.block.state.root().clone();
s.block.base.header.receipts_root = ordered_trie_root(s.block.receipts.iter().map(|ref r| r.rlp_bytes().to_vec()).collect());
s.block.base.header.log_bloom = s.block.receipts.iter().fold(LogBloom::zero(), |mut b, r| {b = &b | &r.log_bloom; b}); //TODO: use |= operator
s.block.base.header.gas_used = s.block.receipts.last().map_or(U256::zero(), |r| r.gas_used);
s.block.base.header.note_dirty();
LockedBlock {
block: s.block,
uncle_bytes: uncle_bytes,
last_hashes: s.last_hashes,
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}
}
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}
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impl<'x> IsBlock for OpenBlock<'x> {
fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.block }
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}
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impl<'x> IsBlock for ClosedBlock {
fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.block }
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}
impl<'x> IsBlock for LockedBlock {
fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.block }
}
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impl ClosedBlock {
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/// Get the hash of the header without seal arguments.
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pub fn hash(&self) -> H256 { self.header().rlp_sha3(Seal::Without) }
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/// Turn this into a `LockedBlock`, unable to be reopened again.
pub fn lock(self) -> LockedBlock {
LockedBlock {
block: self.block,
uncle_bytes: self.uncle_bytes,
last_hashes: self.last_hashes,
}
}
/// Given an engine reference, reopen the `ClosedBlock` into an `OpenBlock`.
pub fn reopen<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine, vm_factory: &'a EvmFactory) -> OpenBlock<'a> {
// revert rewards (i.e. set state back at last transaction's state).
let mut block = self.block;
block.state = self.unclosed_state;
OpenBlock {
block: block,
engine: engine,
vm_factory: vm_factory,
last_hashes: self.last_hashes,
}
}
}
impl LockedBlock {
/// Get the hash of the header without seal arguments.
pub fn hash(&self) -> H256 { self.header().rlp_sha3(Seal::Without) }
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/// Provide a valid seal in order to turn this into a `SealedBlock`.
///
/// NOTE: This does not check the validity of `seal` with the engine.
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pub fn seal(self, engine: &Engine, seal: Vec<Bytes>) -> Result<SealedBlock, BlockError> {
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let mut s = self;
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if seal.len() != engine.seal_fields() {
return Err(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(Mismatch{expected: engine.seal_fields(), found: seal.len()}));
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}
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s.block.base.header.set_seal(seal);
Ok(SealedBlock { block: s.block, uncle_bytes: s.uncle_bytes })
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}
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/// Provide a valid seal in order to turn this into a `SealedBlock`.
/// This does check the validity of `seal` with the engine.
/// Returns the `ClosedBlock` back again if the seal is no good.
pub fn try_seal(self, engine: &Engine, seal: Vec<Bytes>) -> Result<SealedBlock, LockedBlock> {
let mut s = self;
s.block.base.header.set_seal(seal);
match engine.verify_block_seal(&s.block.base.header) {
Err(_) => Err(s),
_ => Ok(SealedBlock { block: s.block, uncle_bytes: s.uncle_bytes }),
}
}
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/// Drop this object and return the underlieing database.
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pub fn drain(self) -> Box<JournalDB> { self.block.state.drop().1 }
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}
impl SealedBlock {
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/// Get the RLP-encoding of the block.
pub fn rlp_bytes(&self) -> Bytes {
let mut block_rlp = RlpStream::new_list(3);
self.block.base.header.stream_rlp(&mut block_rlp, Seal::With);
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block_rlp.append(&self.block.base.transactions);
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block_rlp.append_raw(&self.uncle_bytes, 1);
block_rlp.out()
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}
/// Drop this object and return the underlieing database.
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pub fn drain(self) -> Box<JournalDB> { self.block.state.drop().1 }
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}
impl IsBlock for SealedBlock {
fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.block }
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}
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/// Enact the block given by block header, transactions and uncles
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#[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(too_many_arguments))]
pub fn enact(header: &Header, transactions: &[SignedTransaction], uncles: &[Header], engine: &Engine, tracing: bool, db: Box<JournalDB>, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes, vm_factory: &EvmFactory) -> Result<LockedBlock, Error> {
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{
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if ::log::max_log_level() >= ::log::LogLevel::Trace {
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let s = State::from_existing(db.boxed_clone(), parent.state_root().clone(), engine.account_start_nonce());
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trace!("enact(): root={}, author={}, author_balance={}\n", s.root(), header.author(), s.balance(&header.author()));
}
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}
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let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine, vm_factory, tracing, db, parent, last_hashes, header.author().clone(), 3141562.into(), header.extra_data().clone());
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b.set_difficulty(*header.difficulty());
b.set_gas_limit(*header.gas_limit());
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b.set_timestamp(header.timestamp());
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for t in transactions { try!(b.push_transaction(t.clone(), None)); }
for u in uncles { try!(b.push_uncle(u.clone())); }
Ok(b.close_and_lock())
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}
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/// Enact the block given by `block_bytes` using `engine` on the database `db` with given `parent` block header
pub fn enact_bytes(block_bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine, tracing: bool, db: Box<JournalDB>, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes, vm_factory: &EvmFactory) -> Result<LockedBlock, Error> {
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let block = BlockView::new(block_bytes);
let header = block.header();
enact(&header, &block.transactions(), &block.uncles(), engine, tracing, db, parent, last_hashes, vm_factory)
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}
/// Enact the block given by `block_bytes` using `engine` on the database `db` with given `parent` block header
pub fn enact_verified(block: &PreverifiedBlock, engine: &Engine, tracing: bool, db: Box<JournalDB>, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes, vm_factory: &EvmFactory) -> Result<LockedBlock, Error> {
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let view = BlockView::new(&block.bytes);
enact(&block.header, &block.transactions, &view.uncles(), engine, tracing, db, parent, last_hashes, vm_factory)
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}
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/// Enact the block given by `block_bytes` using `engine` on the database `db` with given `parent` block header. Seal the block aferwards
pub fn enact_and_seal(block_bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine, tracing: bool, db: Box<JournalDB>, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes, vm_factory: &EvmFactory) -> Result<SealedBlock, Error> {
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let header = BlockView::new(block_bytes).header_view();
Ok(try!(try!(enact_bytes(block_bytes, engine, tracing, db, parent, last_hashes, vm_factory)).seal(engine, header.seal())))
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use tests::helpers::*;
use super::*;
use common::*;
#[test]
fn open_block() {
use spec::*;
let spec = Spec::new_test();
let engine = &spec.engine;
let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
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let mut db = db_result.take();
spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
let vm_factory = Default::default();
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let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), 3141562.into(), vec![]);
let b = b.close_and_lock();
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let _ = b.seal(engine.deref(), vec![]);
}
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#[test]
fn enact_block() {
use spec::*;
let spec = Spec::new_test();
let engine = &spec.engine;
let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
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let mut db = db_result.take();
spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
let vm_factory = Default::default();
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let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, vec![genesis_header.hash()], Address::zero(), 3141562.into(), vec![]).close_and_lock().seal(engine.deref(), vec![]).unwrap();
let orig_bytes = b.rlp_bytes();
let orig_db = b.drain();
let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
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let mut db = db_result.take();
spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
let e = enact_and_seal(&orig_bytes, engine.deref(), false, db, &genesis_header, vec![genesis_header.hash()], &Default::default()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(e.rlp_bytes(), orig_bytes);
let db = e.drain();
assert_eq!(orig_db.keys(), db.keys());
assert!(orig_db.keys().iter().filter(|k| orig_db.get(k.0) != db.get(k.0)).next() == None);
}
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#[test]
fn enact_block_with_uncle() {
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use spec::*;
let spec = Spec::new_test();
let engine = &spec.engine;
let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
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let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
let mut db = db_result.take();
spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
let vm_factory = Default::default();
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let mut open_block = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, vec![genesis_header.hash()], Address::zero(), 3141562.into(), vec![]);
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let mut uncle1_header = Header::new();
uncle1_header.extra_data = b"uncle1".to_vec();
let mut uncle2_header = Header::new();
uncle2_header.extra_data = b"uncle2".to_vec();
open_block.push_uncle(uncle1_header).unwrap();
open_block.push_uncle(uncle2_header).unwrap();
let b = open_block.close_and_lock().seal(engine.deref(), vec![]).unwrap();
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let orig_bytes = b.rlp_bytes();
let orig_db = b.drain();
let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
let mut db = db_result.take();
spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
let e = enact_and_seal(&orig_bytes, engine.deref(), false, db, &genesis_header, vec![genesis_header.hash()], &Default::default()).unwrap();
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let bytes = e.rlp_bytes();
assert_eq!(bytes, orig_bytes);
let uncles = BlockView::new(&bytes).uncles();
assert_eq!(uncles[1].extra_data, b"uncle2");
let db = e.drain();
assert_eq!(orig_db.keys(), db.keys());
assert!(orig_db.keys().iter().filter(|k| orig_db.get(k.0) != db.get(k.0)).next() == None);
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}
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}