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Merge pull request #11 from gavofyork/rlp_refactor

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rlp refactor
This commit is contained in:
Arkadiy Paronyan 2015-12-08 14:49:47 +01:00
commit 0bf6d03c0a
11 changed files with 1475 additions and 1458 deletions
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2
src/overlaydb.rs
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@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ impl OverlayDB {
.expect("Low-level database error. Some issue with your hard disk?") .expect("Low-level database error. Some issue with your hard disk?")
.map(|d| { .map(|d| {
let r = Rlp::new(d.deref()); let r = Rlp::new(d.deref());
(Bytes::decode(&r.at(1)), u32::decode(&r.at(0))) (r.at(1).as_val(), r.at(0).as_val())
}) })
} }

1452
src/rlp.rs
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29
src/rlp/errors.rs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
use std::fmt;
use std::error::Error as StdError;
use bytes::FromBytesError;
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum DecoderError {
FromBytesError(FromBytesError),
RlpIsTooShort,
RlpExpectedToBeList,
RlpExpectedToBeData,
}
impl StdError for DecoderError {
fn description(&self) -> &str {
"builder error"
}
}
impl fmt::Display for DecoderError {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
fmt::Debug::fmt(&self, f)
}
}
impl From<FromBytesError> for DecoderError {
fn from(err: FromBytesError) -> DecoderError {
DecoderError::FromBytesError(err)
}
}

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src/rlp/mod.rs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
//! Rlp serialization module
//!
//! Allows encoding, decoding, and view onto rlp-slice
//!
//!# What should you use when?
//!
//!### Use `encode` function when:
//! * You want to encode something inline.
//! * You do not work on big set of data.
//! * You want to encode whole data structure at once.
//!
//!### Use `decode` function when:
//! * You want to decode something inline.
//! * You do not work on big set of data.
//! * You want to decode whole rlp at once.
//!
//!### Use `RlpStream` when:
//! * You want to encode something in portions.
//! * You encode a big set of data.
//!
//!### Use `Rlp` when:
//! * You are working on trusted data (not corrupted).
//! * You want to get view onto rlp-slice.
//! * You don't want to decode whole rlp at once.
//!
//!### Use `UntrustedRlp` when:
//! * You are working on untrusted data (~corrupted).
//! * You need to handle data corruption errors.
//! * You are working on input data.
//! * You want to get view onto rlp-slice.
//! * You don't want to decode whole rlp at once.
pub mod errors;
pub mod traits;
pub mod rlp;
pub mod untrusted_rlp;
pub mod rlpstream;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;
pub use self::errors::DecoderError;
pub use self::traits::{Decoder, Decodable, View, Stream, Encodable, Encoder};
pub use self::untrusted_rlp::{UntrustedRlp, UntrustedRlpIterator, PayloadInfo, Prototype};
pub use self::rlp::{Rlp, RlpIterator};
pub use self::rlpstream::{RlpStream};
/// Shortcut function to decode trusted rlp
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'];
/// let animals: Vec<String> = decode(&data);
/// assert_eq!(animals, vec!["cat".to_string(), "dog".to_string()]);
/// }
/// ```
pub fn decode<T>(bytes: &[u8]) -> T where T: Decodable {
let rlp = Rlp::new(bytes);
rlp.as_val()
}
/// Shortcut function to encode structure into rlp.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let animals = vec!["cat", "dog"];
/// let out = encode(&animals);
/// assert_eq!(out, vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g']);
/// }
/// ```
pub fn encode<E>(object: &E) -> Vec<u8> where E: Encodable
{
let mut stream = RlpStream::new();
stream.append(object);
stream.out()
}

135
src/rlp/rlp.rs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
use rlp::{View, Decodable, DecoderError, UntrustedRlp, PayloadInfo, Prototype};
impl<'a> From<UntrustedRlp<'a>> for Rlp<'a> {
fn from(rlp: UntrustedRlp<'a>) -> Rlp<'a> {
Rlp { rlp: rlp }
}
}
/// Data-oriented view onto trusted rlp-slice.
///
/// Unlikely to `UntrustedRlp` doesn't bother you with error
/// handling. It assumes that you know what you are doing.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Rlp<'a> {
rlp: UntrustedRlp<'a>
}
impl<'a, 'view> View<'a, 'view> for Rlp<'a> where 'a: 'view {
type Prototype = Prototype;
type PayloadInfo = PayloadInfo;
type Data = &'a [u8];
type Item = Rlp<'a>;
type Iter = RlpIterator<'a, 'view>;
/// Create a new instance of `Rlp`
fn new(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Rlp<'a> {
Rlp {
rlp: UntrustedRlp::new(bytes)
}
}
fn raw(&'view self) -> &'a [u8] {
self.rlp.raw()
}
fn prototype(&self) -> Self::Prototype {
self.rlp.prototype().unwrap()
}
fn payload_info(&self) -> Self::PayloadInfo {
self.rlp.payload_info().unwrap()
}
fn data(&'view self) -> Self::Data {
self.rlp.data().unwrap()
}
fn item_count(&self) -> usize {
self.rlp.item_count()
}
fn size(&self) -> usize {
self.rlp.size()
}
fn at(&'view self, index: usize) -> Self::Item {
From::from(self.rlp.at(index).unwrap())
}
fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
self.rlp.is_null()
}
fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.rlp.is_empty()
}
fn is_list(&self) -> bool {
self.rlp.is_list()
}
fn is_data(&self) -> bool {
self.rlp.is_data()
}
fn is_int(&self) -> bool {
self.rlp.is_int()
}
fn iter(&'view self) -> Self::Iter {
self.into_iter()
}
fn as_val<T>(&self) -> Result<T, DecoderError> where T: Decodable {
self.rlp.as_val()
}
fn val_at<T>(&self, index: usize) -> Result<T, DecoderError> where T: Decodable {
self.at(index).rlp.as_val()
}
}
impl <'a, 'view> Rlp<'a> where 'a: 'view {
fn view_as_val<T, R>(r: &R) -> T where R: View<'a, 'view>, T: Decodable {
let res: Result<T, DecoderError> = r.as_val();
res.unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!())
}
pub fn as_val<T>(&self) -> T where T: Decodable {
Self::view_as_val(self)
}
pub fn val_at<T>(&self, index: usize) -> T where T: Decodable {
Self::view_as_val(&self.at(index))
}
}
/// Iterator over trusted rlp-slice list elements.
pub struct RlpIterator<'a, 'view> where 'a: 'view {
rlp: &'view Rlp<'a>,
index: usize
}
impl<'a, 'view> IntoIterator for &'view Rlp<'a> where 'a: 'view {
type Item = Rlp<'a>;
type IntoIter = RlpIterator<'a, 'view>;
fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
RlpIterator {
rlp: self,
index: 0,
}
}
}
impl<'a, 'view> Iterator for RlpIterator<'a, 'view> {
type Item = Rlp<'a>;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Rlp<'a>> {
let index = self.index;
let result = self.rlp.rlp.at(index).ok().map(| iter | { From::from(iter) });
self.index += 1;
result
}
}

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src/rlp/rlpstream.rs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
use elastic_array::*;
use bytes::ToBytes;
use rlp::{Stream, Encoder, Encodable};
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
struct ListInfo {
position: usize,
current: usize,
max: usize,
}
impl ListInfo {
fn new(position: usize, max: usize) -> ListInfo {
ListInfo {
position: position,
current: 0,
max: max,
}
}
}
/// Appendable rlp encoder.
pub struct RlpStream {
unfinished_lists: ElasticArray16<ListInfo>,
encoder: BasicEncoder,
}
impl Stream for RlpStream {
fn new() -> Self {
RlpStream {
unfinished_lists: ElasticArray16::new(),
encoder: BasicEncoder::new(),
}
}
fn new_list(len: usize) -> Self {
let mut stream = RlpStream::new();
stream.append_list(len);
stream
}
fn append<'a, E>(&'a mut self, object: &E) -> &'a mut RlpStream where E: Encodable {
// encode given value and add it at the end of the stream
object.encode(&mut self.encoder);
// if list is finished, prepend the length
self.note_appended(1);
// return chainable self
self
}
fn append_list<'a>(&'a mut self, len: usize) -> &'a mut RlpStream {
match len {
0 => {
// we may finish, if the appended list len is equal 0
self.encoder.bytes.push(0xc0u8);
self.note_appended(1);
},
_ => {
let position = self.encoder.bytes.len();
self.unfinished_lists.push(ListInfo::new(position, len));
},
}
// return chainable self
self
}
fn append_empty_data<'a>(&'a mut self) -> &'a mut RlpStream {
// self push raw item
self.encoder.bytes.push(0x80);
// try to finish and prepend the length
self.note_appended(1);
// return chainable self
self
}
fn append_raw<'a>(&'a mut self, bytes: &[u8], item_count: usize) -> &'a mut RlpStream {
// push raw items
self.encoder.bytes.append_slice(bytes);
// try to finish and prepend the length
self.note_appended(item_count);
// return chainable self
self
}
fn clear(&mut self) {
// clear bytes
self.encoder.bytes.clear();
// clear lists
self.unfinished_lists.clear();
}
fn is_finished(&self) -> bool {
self.unfinished_lists.len() == 0
}
fn out(self) -> Vec<u8> {
match self.is_finished() {
true => self.encoder.out().to_vec(),
false => panic!()
}
}
}
impl RlpStream {
/// Try to finish lists
fn note_appended(&mut self, inserted_items: usize) -> () {
if self.unfinished_lists.len() == 0 {
return;
}
let back = self.unfinished_lists.len() - 1;
let should_finish = match self.unfinished_lists.get_mut(back) {
None => false,
Some(ref mut x) => {
x.current += inserted_items;
if x.current > x.max {
panic!("You cannot append more items then you expect!");
}
x.current == x.max
}
};
if should_finish {
let x = self.unfinished_lists.pop().unwrap();
let len = self.encoder.bytes.len() - x.position;
self.encoder.insert_list_len_at_pos(len, x.position);
self.note_appended(1);
}
}
}
struct BasicEncoder {
bytes: ElasticArray1024<u8>,
}
impl BasicEncoder {
fn new() -> BasicEncoder {
BasicEncoder { bytes: ElasticArray1024::new() }
}
/// inserts list prefix at given position
/// TODO: optimise it further?
fn insert_list_len_at_pos(&mut self, len: usize, pos: usize) -> () {
let mut res = vec![];
match len {
0...55 => res.push(0xc0u8 + len as u8),
_ => {
res.push(0xf7u8 + len.to_bytes_len() as u8);
res.extend(len.to_bytes());
}
};
self.bytes.insert_slice(pos, &res);
}
/// get encoded value
fn out(self) -> ElasticArray1024<u8> {
self.bytes
}
}
impl Encoder for BasicEncoder {
fn emit_value(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> () {
match bytes.len() {
// just 0
0 => self.bytes.push(0x80u8),
// byte is its own encoding
1 if bytes[0] < 0x80 => self.bytes.append_slice(bytes),
// (prefix + length), followed by the string
len @ 1 ... 55 => {
self.bytes.push(0x80u8 + len as u8);
self.bytes.append_slice(bytes);
}
// (prefix + length of length), followed by the length, followd by the string
len => {
self.bytes.push(0xb7 + len.to_bytes_len() as u8);
self.bytes.append_slice(&len.to_bytes());
self.bytes.append_slice(bytes);
}
}
}
fn emit_list<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> () where F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> ()
{
// get len before inserting a list
let before_len = self.bytes.len();
// insert all list elements
f(self);
// get len after inserting a list
let after_len = self.bytes.len();
// diff is list len
let list_len = after_len - before_len;
self.insert_list_len_at_pos(list_len, before_len);
}
}
impl<T> Encodable for T where T: ToBytes {
fn encode<E>(&self, encoder: &mut E) -> () where E: Encoder {
encoder.emit_value(&self.to_bytes())
}
}
impl<'a, T> Encodable for &'a [T] where T: Encodable + 'a {
fn encode<E>(&self, encoder: &mut E) -> () where E: Encoder {
encoder.emit_list(|e| {
// insert all list elements
for el in self.iter() {
el.encode(e);
}
})
}
}
impl<T> Encodable for Vec<T> where T: Encodable {
fn encode<E>(&self, encoder: &mut E) -> () where E: Encoder {
let r: &[T] = self.as_ref();
r.encode(encoder)
}
}
/// lets treat bytes differently than other lists
/// they are a single value
impl<'a> Encodable for &'a [u8] {
fn encode<E>(&self, encoder: &mut E) -> () where E: Encoder {
encoder.emit_value(self)
}
}
/// lets treat bytes differently than other lists
/// they are a single value
impl Encodable for Vec<u8> {
fn encode<E>(&self, encoder: &mut E) -> () where E: Encoder {
encoder.emit_value(self)
}
}

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src/rlp/tests.rs Normal file
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extern crate json_tests;
use self::json_tests::execute_tests_from_directory;
use self::json_tests::rlp as rlptest;
use std::{fmt, cmp};
use std::str::FromStr;
use rlp;
use rlp::{UntrustedRlp, RlpStream, Decodable, View, Stream, Encodable};
use uint::U256;
#[test]
fn rlp_at() {
let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'];
{
let rlp = UntrustedRlp::new(&data);
assert!(rlp.is_list());
//let animals = <Vec<String> as rlp::Decodable>::decode_untrusted(&rlp).unwrap();
let animals: Vec<String> = rlp.as_val().unwrap();
assert_eq!(animals, vec!["cat".to_string(), "dog".to_string()]);
let cat = rlp.at(0).unwrap();
assert!(cat.is_data());
assert_eq!(cat.raw(), &[0x83, b'c', b'a', b't']);
//assert_eq!(String::decode_untrusted(&cat).unwrap(), "cat".to_string());
assert_eq!(cat.as_val::<String>().unwrap(), "cat".to_string());
let dog = rlp.at(1).unwrap();
assert!(dog.is_data());
assert_eq!(dog.raw(), &[0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g']);
//assert_eq!(String::decode_untrusted(&dog).unwrap(), "dog".to_string());
assert_eq!(dog.as_val::<String>().unwrap(), "dog".to_string());
let cat_again = rlp.at(0).unwrap();
assert!(cat_again.is_data());
assert_eq!(cat_again.raw(), &[0x83, b'c', b'a', b't']);
//assert_eq!(String::decode_untrusted(&cat_again).unwrap(), "cat".to_string());
assert_eq!(cat_again.as_val::<String>().unwrap(), "cat".to_string());
}
}
#[test]
fn rlp_at_err() {
let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o'];
{
let rlp = UntrustedRlp::new(&data);
assert!(rlp.is_list());
let cat_err = rlp.at(0).unwrap_err();
assert_eq!(cat_err, rlp::DecoderError::RlpIsTooShort);
let dog_err = rlp.at(1).unwrap_err();
assert_eq!(dog_err, rlp::DecoderError::RlpIsTooShort);
}
}
#[test]
fn rlp_iter() {
let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'];
{
let rlp = UntrustedRlp::new(&data);
let mut iter = rlp.iter();
let cat = iter.next().unwrap();
assert!(cat.is_data());
assert_eq!(cat.raw(), &[0x83, b'c', b'a', b't']);
let dog = iter.next().unwrap();
assert!(dog.is_data());
assert_eq!(dog.raw(), &[0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g']);
let none = iter.next();
assert!(none.is_none());
let cat_again = rlp.at(0).unwrap();
assert!(cat_again.is_data());
assert_eq!(cat_again.raw(), &[0x83, b'c', b'a', b't']);
}
}
struct ETestPair<T>(T, Vec<u8>) where T: rlp::Encodable;
fn run_encode_tests<T>(tests: Vec<ETestPair<T>>)
where T: rlp::Encodable
{
for t in &tests {
let res = rlp::encode(&t.0);
assert_eq!(res, &t.1[..]);
}
}
#[test]
fn encode_u16() {
let tests = vec![
ETestPair(0u16, vec![0x80u8]),
ETestPair(0x100, vec![0x82, 0x01, 0x00]),
ETestPair(0xffff, vec![0x82, 0xff, 0xff]),
];
run_encode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn encode_u32() {
let tests = vec![
ETestPair(0u32, vec![0x80u8]),
ETestPair(0x10000, vec![0x83, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00]),
ETestPair(0xffffff, vec![0x83, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]),
];
run_encode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn encode_u64() {
let tests = vec![
ETestPair(0u64, vec![0x80u8]),
ETestPair(0x1000000, vec![0x84, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]),
ETestPair(0xFFFFFFFF, vec![0x84, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]),
];
run_encode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn encode_u256() {
let tests = vec![ETestPair(U256::from(0u64), vec![0x80u8]),
ETestPair(U256::from(0x1000000u64), vec![0x84, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]),
ETestPair(U256::from(0xffffffffu64),
vec![0x84, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]),
ETestPair(U256::from_str("8090a0b0c0d0e0f00910203040506077000000000000\
000100000000000012f0")
.unwrap(),
vec![0xa0, 0x80, 0x90, 0xa0, 0xb0, 0xc0, 0xd0, 0xe0, 0xf0,
0x09, 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50, 0x60, 0x77, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0xf0])];
run_encode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn encode_str() {
let tests = vec![ETestPair("cat", vec![0x83, b'c', b'a', b't']),
ETestPair("dog", vec![0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g']),
ETestPair("Marek", vec![0x85, b'M', b'a', b'r', b'e', b'k']),
ETestPair("", vec![0x80]),
ETestPair("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit",
vec![0xb8, 0x38, b'L', b'o', b'r', b'e', b'm', b' ', b'i',
b'p', b's', b'u', b'm', b' ', b'd', b'o', b'l', b'o',
b'r', b' ', b's', b'i', b't', b' ', b'a', b'm', b'e',
b't', b',', b' ', b'c', b'o', b'n', b's', b'e', b'c',
b't', b'e', b't', b'u', b'r', b' ', b'a', b'd', b'i',
b'p', b'i', b's', b'i', b'c', b'i', b'n', b'g', b' ',
b'e', b'l', b'i', b't'])];
run_encode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn encode_address() {
use hash::*;
let tests = vec![
ETestPair(Address::from_str("ef2d6d194084c2de36e0dabfce45d046b37d1106").unwrap(),
vec![0x94, 0xef, 0x2d, 0x6d, 0x19, 0x40, 0x84, 0xc2, 0xde,
0x36, 0xe0, 0xda, 0xbf, 0xce, 0x45, 0xd0, 0x46,
0xb3, 0x7d, 0x11, 0x06])
];
run_encode_tests(tests);
}
/// Vec<u8> (Bytes) is treated as a single value
#[test]
fn encode_vector_u8() {
let tests = vec![
ETestPair(vec![], vec![0x80]),
ETestPair(vec![0u8], vec![0]),
ETestPair(vec![0x15], vec![0x15]),
ETestPair(vec![0x40, 0x00], vec![0x82, 0x40, 0x00]),
];
run_encode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn encode_vector_u64() {
let tests = vec![
ETestPair(vec![], vec![0xc0]),
ETestPair(vec![15u64], vec![0xc1, 0x0f]),
ETestPair(vec![1, 2, 3, 7, 0xff], vec![0xc6, 1, 2, 3, 7, 0x81, 0xff]),
ETestPair(vec![0xffffffff, 1, 2, 3, 7, 0xff], vec![0xcb, 0x84, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 1, 2, 3, 7, 0x81, 0xff]),
];
run_encode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn encode_vector_str() {
let tests = vec![ETestPair(vec!["cat", "dog"],
vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'])];
run_encode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn encode_vector_of_vectors_str() {
let tests = vec![ETestPair(vec![vec!["cat"]], vec![0xc5, 0xc4, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't'])];
run_encode_tests(tests);
}
struct DTestPair<T>(T, Vec<u8>) where T: rlp::Decodable + fmt::Debug + cmp::Eq;
fn run_decode_tests<T>(tests: Vec<DTestPair<T>>) where T: rlp::Decodable + fmt::Debug + cmp::Eq {
for t in &tests {
let res: T = rlp::decode(&t.1);
assert_eq!(res, t.0);
}
}
/// Vec<u8> (Bytes) is treated as a single value
#[test]
fn decode_vector_u8() {
let tests = vec![
DTestPair(vec![], vec![0x80]),
DTestPair(vec![0u8], vec![0]),
DTestPair(vec![0x15], vec![0x15]),
DTestPair(vec![0x40, 0x00], vec![0x82, 0x40, 0x00]),
];
run_decode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn decode_untrusted_u16() {
let tests = vec![
DTestPair(0u16, vec![0u8]),
DTestPair(0x100, vec![0x82, 0x01, 0x00]),
DTestPair(0xffff, vec![0x82, 0xff, 0xff]),
];
run_decode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn decode_untrusted_u32() {
let tests = vec![
DTestPair(0u32, vec![0u8]),
DTestPair(0x10000, vec![0x83, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00]),
DTestPair(0xffffff, vec![0x83, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]),
];
run_decode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn decode_untrusted_u64() {
let tests = vec![
DTestPair(0u64, vec![0u8]),
DTestPair(0x1000000, vec![0x84, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]),
DTestPair(0xFFFFFFFF, vec![0x84, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]),
];
run_decode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn decode_untrusted_u256() {
let tests = vec![DTestPair(U256::from(0u64), vec![0x80u8]),
DTestPair(U256::from(0x1000000u64), vec![0x84, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]),
DTestPair(U256::from(0xffffffffu64),
vec![0x84, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]),
DTestPair(U256::from_str("8090a0b0c0d0e0f00910203040506077000000000000\
000100000000000012f0")
.unwrap(),
vec![0xa0, 0x80, 0x90, 0xa0, 0xb0, 0xc0, 0xd0, 0xe0, 0xf0,
0x09, 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50, 0x60, 0x77, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0xf0])];
run_decode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn decode_untrusted_str() {
let tests = vec![DTestPair("cat".to_string(), vec![0x83, b'c', b'a', b't']),
DTestPair("dog".to_string(), vec![0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g']),
DTestPair("Marek".to_string(),
vec![0x85, b'M', b'a', b'r', b'e', b'k']),
DTestPair("".to_string(), vec![0x80]),
DTestPair("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit"
.to_string(),
vec![0xb8, 0x38, b'L', b'o', b'r', b'e', b'm', b' ', b'i',
b'p', b's', b'u', b'm', b' ', b'd', b'o', b'l', b'o',
b'r', b' ', b's', b'i', b't', b' ', b'a', b'm', b'e',
b't', b',', b' ', b'c', b'o', b'n', b's', b'e', b'c',
b't', b'e', b't', b'u', b'r', b' ', b'a', b'd', b'i',
b'p', b'i', b's', b'i', b'c', b'i', b'n', b'g', b' ',
b'e', b'l', b'i', b't'])];
run_decode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn decode_untrusted_address() {
use hash::*;
let tests = vec![
DTestPair(Address::from_str("ef2d6d194084c2de36e0dabfce45d046b37d1106").unwrap(),
vec![0x94, 0xef, 0x2d, 0x6d, 0x19, 0x40, 0x84, 0xc2, 0xde,
0x36, 0xe0, 0xda, 0xbf, 0xce, 0x45, 0xd0, 0x46,
0xb3, 0x7d, 0x11, 0x06])
];
run_decode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn decode_untrusted_vector_u64() {
let tests = vec![
DTestPair(vec![], vec![0xc0]),
DTestPair(vec![15u64], vec![0xc1, 0x0f]),
DTestPair(vec![1, 2, 3, 7, 0xff], vec![0xc6, 1, 2, 3, 7, 0x81, 0xff]),
DTestPair(vec![0xffffffff, 1, 2, 3, 7, 0xff], vec![0xcb, 0x84, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 1, 2, 3, 7, 0x81, 0xff]),
];
run_decode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn decode_untrusted_vector_str() {
let tests = vec![DTestPair(vec!["cat".to_string(), "dog".to_string()],
vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'])];
run_decode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn decode_untrusted_vector_of_vectors_str() {
let tests = vec![DTestPair(vec![vec!["cat".to_string()]],
vec![0xc5, 0xc4, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't'])];
run_decode_tests(tests);
}
#[test]
fn test_rlp_json() {
println!("Json rlp test: ");
execute_tests_from_directory::<rlptest::RlpStreamTest, _>("json-tests/json/rlp/stream/*.json", &mut | file, input, output | {
println!("file: {}", file);
let mut stream = RlpStream::new();
for operation in input.into_iter() {
match operation {
rlptest::Operation::Append(ref v) => stream.append(v),
rlptest::Operation::AppendList(len) => stream.append_list(len),
rlptest::Operation::AppendRaw(ref raw, len) => stream.append_raw(raw, len),
rlptest::Operation::AppendEmpty => stream.append_empty_data()
};
}
assert_eq!(stream.out(), output);
});
}

289
src/rlp/traits.rs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
use rlp::DecoderError;
pub trait Decoder {
fn read_value<T, F>(&self, f: F) -> Result<T, DecoderError>
where F: FnOnce(&[u8]) -> Result<T, DecoderError>;
fn read_list<T, F>(&self, f: F) -> Result<T, DecoderError>
where F: FnOnce(&[Self]) -> Result<T, DecoderError>;
}
pub trait Decodable: Sized {
fn decode<D>(decoder: &D) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> where D: Decoder;
}
pub trait View<'a, 'view>: Sized {
type Prototype;
type PayloadInfo;
type Data;
type Item;
type Iter;
/// Creates a new instance of `Rlp` reader
fn new(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Self;
/// The raw data of the RLP.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'];
/// let rlp = Rlp::new(&data);
/// let dog = rlp.at(1).raw();
/// assert_eq!(dog, &[0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g']);
/// }
/// ```
fn raw(&'view self) -> &'a [u8];
/// Get the prototype of the RLP.
fn prototype(&self) -> Self::Prototype;
fn payload_info(&self) -> Self::PayloadInfo;
fn data(&'view self) -> Self::Data;
/// Returns number of RLP items.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'];
/// let rlp = Rlp::new(&data);
/// assert_eq!(rlp.item_count(), 2);
/// let view = rlp.at(1);
/// assert_eq!(view.item_count(), 0);
/// }
/// ```
fn item_count(&self) -> usize;
/// Returns the number of bytes in the data, or zero if it isn't data.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'];
/// let rlp = Rlp::new(&data);
/// assert_eq!(rlp.size(), 0);
/// let view = rlp.at(1);
/// assert_eq!(view.size(), 3);
/// }
/// ```
fn size(&self) -> usize;
/// Get view onto RLP-slice at index.
///
/// Caches offset to given index, so access to successive
/// slices is faster.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'];
/// let rlp = Rlp::new(&data);
/// let dog: String = rlp.at(1).as_val();
/// assert_eq!(dog, "dog".to_string());
/// }
fn at(&'view self, index: usize) -> Self::Item;
/// No value
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![];
/// let rlp = Rlp::new(&data);
/// assert!(rlp.is_null());
/// }
/// ```
fn is_null(&self) -> bool;
/// Contains a zero-length string or zero-length list.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![0xc0];
/// let rlp = Rlp::new(&data);
/// assert!(rlp.is_empty());
/// }
/// ```
fn is_empty(&self) -> bool;
/// List value
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'];
/// let rlp = Rlp::new(&data);
/// assert!(rlp.is_list());
/// }
/// ```
fn is_list(&self) -> bool;
/// String value
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'];
/// let rlp = Rlp::new(&data);
/// assert!(rlp.at(1).is_data());
/// }
/// ```
fn is_data(&self) -> bool;
/// Int value
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![0xc1, 0x10];
/// let rlp = Rlp::new(&data);
/// assert_eq!(rlp.is_int(), false);
/// assert_eq!(rlp.at(0).is_int(), true);
/// }
/// ```
fn is_int(&self) -> bool;
/// Get iterator over rlp-slices
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let data = vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g'];
/// let rlp = Rlp::new(&data);
/// let strings: Vec<String> = rlp.iter().map(| i | i.as_val()).collect();
/// }
/// ```
fn iter(&'view self) -> Self::Iter;
fn as_val<T>(&self) -> Result<T, DecoderError> where T: Decodable;
fn val_at<T>(&self, index: usize) -> Result<T, DecoderError> where T: Decodable;
}
pub trait Encoder {
fn emit_value(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> ();
fn emit_list<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> () where F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> ();
}
pub trait Encodable {
fn encode<E>(&self, encoder: &mut E) -> () where E: Encoder;
}
pub trait Stream: Sized {
/// Initializes instance of empty `Stream`.
fn new() -> Self;
/// Initializes the `Stream` as a list.
fn new_list(len: usize) -> Self;
/// Apends value to the end of stream, chainable.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(2);
/// stream.append(&"cat").append(&"dog");
/// let out = stream.out();
/// assert_eq!(out, vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g']);
/// }
/// ```
fn append<'a, E>(&'a mut self, object: &E) -> &'a mut Self where E: Encodable;
/// Declare appending the list of given size, chainable.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(2);
/// stream.append_list(2).append(&"cat").append(&"dog");
/// stream.append(&"");
/// let out = stream.out();
/// assert_eq!(out, vec![0xca, 0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g', 0x80]);
/// }
/// ```
fn append_list<'a>(&'a mut self, len: usize) -> &'a mut Self;
/// Apends null to the end of stream, chainable.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(2);
/// stream.append_empty_data().append_empty_data();
/// let out = stream.out();
/// assert_eq!(out, vec![0xc2, 0x80, 0x80]);
/// }
/// ```
fn append_empty_data<'a>(&'a mut self) -> &'a mut Self;
/// Appends raw (pre-serialised) RLP data. Use with caution. Chainable.
fn append_raw<'a>(&'a mut self, bytes: &[u8], item_count: usize) -> &'a mut Self;
/// Clear the output stream so far.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(3);
/// stream.append(&"cat");
/// stream.clear();
/// stream.append(&"dog");
/// let out = stream.out();
/// assert_eq!(out, vec![0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g']);
/// }
fn clear(&mut self);
/// Returns true if stream doesnt expect any more items.
///
/// ```rust
/// extern crate ethcore_util as util;
/// use util::rlp::*;
///
/// fn main () {
/// let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(2);
/// stream.append(&"cat");
/// assert_eq!(stream.is_finished(), false);
/// stream.append(&"dog");
/// assert_eq!(stream.is_finished(), true);
/// let out = stream.out();
/// assert_eq!(out, vec![0xc8, 0x83, b'c', b'a', b't', 0x83, b'd', b'o', b'g']);
/// }
fn is_finished(&self) -> bool;
/// Streams out encoded bytes.
///
/// panic! if stream is not finished.
fn out(self) -> Vec<u8>;
}

342
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@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
use std::cell::Cell;
use bytes::{FromBytes};
use rlp::{View, Decoder, Decodable, DecoderError};
/// rlp offset
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
struct OffsetCache {
index: usize,
offset: usize,
}
impl OffsetCache {
fn new(index: usize, offset: usize) -> OffsetCache {
OffsetCache {
index: index,
offset: offset,
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum Prototype {
Null,
Data(usize),
List(usize),
}
/// Stores basic information about item
pub struct PayloadInfo {
pub header_len: usize,
pub value_len: usize,
}
impl PayloadInfo {
fn new(header_len: usize, value_len: usize) -> PayloadInfo {
PayloadInfo {
header_len: header_len,
value_len: value_len,
}
}
}
/// Data-oriented view onto rlp-slice.
///
/// This is immutable structere. No operations change it.
///
/// Should be used in places where, error handling is required,
/// eg. on input
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct UntrustedRlp<'a> {
bytes: &'a [u8],
cache: Cell<OffsetCache>,
}
impl<'a> Clone for UntrustedRlp<'a> {
fn clone(&self) -> UntrustedRlp<'a> {
UntrustedRlp {
bytes: self.bytes,
cache: Cell::new(OffsetCache::new(usize::max_value(), 0))
}
}
}
impl<'a, 'view> View<'a, 'view> for UntrustedRlp<'a> where 'a: 'view {
type Prototype = Result<Prototype, DecoderError>;
type PayloadInfo = Result<PayloadInfo, DecoderError>;
type Data = Result<&'a [u8], DecoderError>;
type Item = Result<UntrustedRlp<'a>, DecoderError>;
type Iter = UntrustedRlpIterator<'a, 'view>;
//returns new instance of `UntrustedRlp`
fn new(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> UntrustedRlp<'a> {
UntrustedRlp {
bytes: bytes,
cache: Cell::new(OffsetCache::new(usize::max_value(), 0)),
}
}
fn raw(&'view self) -> &'a [u8] {
self.bytes
}
fn prototype(&self) -> Self::Prototype {
// optimize? && return appropriate errors
if self.is_data() {
Ok(Prototype::Data(self.size()))
} else if self.is_list() {
Ok(Prototype::List(self.item_count()))
} else {
Ok(Prototype::Null)
}
}
fn payload_info(&self) -> Self::PayloadInfo {
BasicDecoder::payload_info(self.bytes)
}
fn data(&'view self) -> Self::Data {
let pi = try!(BasicDecoder::payload_info(self.bytes));
Ok(&self.bytes[pi.header_len..(pi.header_len + pi.value_len)])
}
fn item_count(&self) -> usize {
match self.is_list() {
true => self.iter().count(),
false => 0
}
}
fn size(&self) -> usize {
match self.is_data() {
// we can safely unwrap (?) cause its data
true => BasicDecoder::payload_info(self.bytes).unwrap().value_len,
false => 0
}
}
fn at(&'view self, index: usize) -> Self::Item {
if !self.is_list() {
return Err(DecoderError::RlpExpectedToBeList);
}
// move to cached position if it's index is less or equal to
// current search index, otherwise move to beginning of list
let c = self.cache.get();
let (mut bytes, to_skip) = match c.index <= index {
true => (try!(UntrustedRlp::consume(self.bytes, c.offset)), index - c.index),
false => (try!(self.consume_list_prefix()), index),
};
// skip up to x items
bytes = try!(UntrustedRlp::consume_items(bytes, to_skip));
// update the cache
self.cache.set(OffsetCache::new(index, self.bytes.len() - bytes.len()));
// construct new rlp
let found = try!(BasicDecoder::payload_info(bytes));
Ok(UntrustedRlp::new(&bytes[0..found.header_len + found.value_len]))
}
fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
self.bytes.len() == 0
}
fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
!self.is_null() && (self.bytes[0] == 0xc0 || self.bytes[0] == 0x80)
}
fn is_list(&self) -> bool {
!self.is_null() && self.bytes[0] >= 0xc0
}
fn is_data(&self) -> bool {
!self.is_null() && self.bytes[0] < 0xc0
}
fn is_int(&self) -> bool {
if self.is_null() {
return false;
}
match self.bytes[0] {
0...0x80 => true,
0x81...0xb7 => self.bytes[1] != 0,
b @ 0xb8...0xbf => self.bytes[1 + b as usize - 0xb7] != 0,
_ => false
}
}
fn iter(&'view self) -> Self::Iter {
self.into_iter()
}
fn as_val<T>(&self) -> Result<T, DecoderError> where T: Decodable {
// optimize, so it doesn't use clone (although This clone is cheap)
T::decode(&BasicDecoder::new(self.clone()))
}
fn val_at<T>(&self, index: usize) -> Result<T, DecoderError> where T: Decodable {
self.at(index).unwrap().as_val()
}
}
impl<'a> UntrustedRlp<'a> {
/// consumes first found prefix
fn consume_list_prefix(&self) -> Result<&'a [u8], DecoderError> {
let item = try!(BasicDecoder::payload_info(self.bytes));
let bytes = try!(UntrustedRlp::consume(self.bytes, item.header_len));
Ok(bytes)
}
/// consumes fixed number of items
fn consume_items(bytes: &'a [u8], items: usize) -> Result<&'a [u8], DecoderError> {
let mut result = bytes;
for _ in 0..items {
let i = try!(BasicDecoder::payload_info(result));
result = try!(UntrustedRlp::consume(result, (i.header_len + i.value_len)));
}
Ok(result)
}
/// consumes slice prefix of length `len`
fn consume(bytes: &'a [u8], len: usize) -> Result<&'a [u8], DecoderError> {
match bytes.len() >= len {
true => Ok(&bytes[len..]),
false => Err(DecoderError::RlpIsTooShort),
}
}
}
/// Iterator over rlp-slice list elements.
pub struct UntrustedRlpIterator<'a, 'view> where 'a: 'view {
rlp: &'view UntrustedRlp<'a>,
index: usize,
}
impl<'a, 'view> IntoIterator for &'view UntrustedRlp<'a> where 'a: 'view {
type Item = UntrustedRlp<'a>;
type IntoIter = UntrustedRlpIterator<'a, 'view>;
fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
UntrustedRlpIterator {
rlp: self,
index: 0,
}
}
}
impl<'a, 'view> Iterator for UntrustedRlpIterator<'a, 'view> {
type Item = UntrustedRlp<'a>;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<UntrustedRlp<'a>> {
let index = self.index;
let result = self.rlp.at(index).ok();
self.index += 1;
result
}
}
struct BasicDecoder<'a> {
rlp: UntrustedRlp<'a>
}
impl<'a> BasicDecoder<'a> {
pub fn new(rlp: UntrustedRlp<'a>) -> BasicDecoder<'a> {
BasicDecoder {
rlp: rlp
}
}
/// Return first item info
fn payload_info(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<PayloadInfo, DecoderError> {
let item = match bytes.first().map(|&x| x) {
None => return Err(DecoderError::RlpIsTooShort),
Some(0...0x7f) => PayloadInfo::new(0, 1),
Some(l @ 0x80...0xb7) => PayloadInfo::new(1, l as usize - 0x80),
Some(l @ 0xb8...0xbf) => {
let len_of_len = l as usize - 0xb7;
let header_len = 1 + len_of_len;
let value_len = try!(usize::from_bytes(&bytes[1..header_len]));
PayloadInfo::new(header_len, value_len)
}
Some(l @ 0xc0...0xf7) => PayloadInfo::new(1, l as usize - 0xc0),
Some(l @ 0xf8...0xff) => {
let len_of_len = l as usize - 0xf7;
let header_len = 1 + len_of_len;
let value_len = try!(usize::from_bytes(&bytes[1..header_len]));
PayloadInfo::new(header_len, value_len)
},
// we cant reach this place, but rust requires _ to be implemented
_ => { unreachable!(); }
};
match item.header_len + item.value_len <= bytes.len() {
true => Ok(item),
false => Err(DecoderError::RlpIsTooShort),
}
}
}
impl<'a> Decoder for BasicDecoder<'a> {
fn read_value<T, F>(&self, f: F) -> Result<T, DecoderError>
where F: FnOnce(&[u8]) -> Result<T, DecoderError> {
let bytes = self.rlp.raw();
match bytes.first().map(|&x| x) {
// rlp is too short
None => Err(DecoderError::RlpIsTooShort),
// single byt value
Some(l @ 0...0x7f) => Ok(try!(f(&[l]))),
// 0-55 bytes
Some(l @ 0x80...0xb7) => Ok(try!(f(&bytes[1..(1 + l as usize - 0x80)]))),
// longer than 55 bytes
Some(l @ 0xb8...0xbf) => {
let len_of_len = l as usize - 0xb7;
let begin_of_value = 1 as usize + len_of_len;
let len = try!(usize::from_bytes(&bytes[1..begin_of_value]));
Ok(try!(f(&bytes[begin_of_value..begin_of_value + len])))
}
// we are reading value, not a list!
_ => Err(DecoderError::RlpExpectedToBeData)
}
}
fn read_list<T, F>(&self, f: F) -> Result<T, DecoderError>
where F: FnOnce(&[Self]) -> Result<T, DecoderError> {
let v: Vec<BasicDecoder<'a>> = self.rlp.iter()
.map(| i | BasicDecoder::new(i))
.collect();
f(&v)
}
}
impl<T> Decodable for T where T: FromBytes {
fn decode<D>(decoder: &D) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> where D: Decoder {
decoder.read_value(| bytes | {
Ok(try!(T::from_bytes(bytes)))
})
}
}
impl<T> Decodable for Vec<T> where T: Decodable {
fn decode<D>(decoder: &D) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> where D: Decoder {
decoder.read_list(| decoders | {
decoders.iter().map(|d| T::decode(d)).collect()
})
}
}
impl Decodable for Vec<u8> {
fn decode<D>(decoder: &D) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> where D: Decoder {
decoder.read_value(| bytes | {
let mut res = vec![];
res.extend(bytes);
Ok(res)
})
}
}

8
src/trie.rs
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@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl Journal {
fn delete_node(&mut self, old: &[u8]) { fn delete_node(&mut self, old: &[u8]) {
let r = Rlp::new(old); let r = Rlp::new(old);
if r.is_data() && r.size() == 32 { if r.is_data() && r.size() == 32 {
self.delete_node_sha3(H256::decode(&r)); self.delete_node_sha3(r.as_val());
} }
} }
} }
@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ impl TrieDB {
let mut handle_payload = |payload| { let mut handle_payload = |payload| {
let p = Rlp::new(payload); let p = Rlp::new(payload);
if p.is_data() && p.size() == 32 { if p.is_data() && p.size() == 32 {
acc.push(H256::decode(&p)); acc.push(p.as_val());
} }
self.accumulate_keys(self.get_node(payload), acc); self.accumulate_keys(self.get_node(payload), acc);
@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ impl TrieDB {
// check if its sha3 + len // check if its sha3 + len
let r = Rlp::new(node); let r = Rlp::new(node);
match r.is_data() && r.size() == 32 { match r.is_data() && r.size() == 32 {
true => self.db.lookup(&H256::decode(&r)).expect("Not found!"), true => self.db.lookup(&r.as_val::<H256>()).expect("Not found!"),
false => node false => node
} }
} }
@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ impl TrieDB {
rlp.raw() rlp.raw()
} }
else if rlp.is_data() && rlp.size() == 32 { else if rlp.is_data() && rlp.size() == 32 {
let h = H256::decode(rlp); let h = rlp.as_val();
let r = self.db.lookup(&h).unwrap_or_else(||{ let r = self.db.lookup(&h).unwrap_or_else(||{
println!("Node not found! rlp={:?}, node_hash={:?}", rlp.raw().pretty(), h); println!("Node not found! rlp={:?}, node_hash={:?}", rlp.raw().pretty(), h);
println!("Journal: {:?}", journal); println!("Journal: {:?}", journal);

2
src/triehash.rs
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use std::cmp;
use hash::*; use hash::*;
use sha3::*; use sha3::*;
use rlp; use rlp;
use rlp::RlpStream; use rlp::{RlpStream, Stream};
use vector::SharedPrefix; use vector::SharedPrefix;
/// Generates a trie root hash for a vector of values /// Generates a trie root hash for a vector of values