Merge branch 'master' into client-refact

db/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,17 +8,19 @@ authors = ["Ethcore <admin@ethcore.io>"]
 build = "build.rs"
 
 [build-dependencies]
-syntex = "*"
+syntex = "0.32"
 ethcore-ipc-codegen = { path = "../ipc/codegen" }
 
 [dependencies]
-ethcore-util = { path = "../util" }
 clippy = { version = "0.0.67", optional = true}
 ethcore-devtools = { path = "../devtools" }
 ethcore-ipc = { path = "../ipc/rpc" }
 rocksdb = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/rust-rocksdb" }
 semver = "0.2"
 ethcore-ipc-nano = { path = "../ipc/nano" }
+nanomsg = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/nanomsg.rs.git" }
+crossbeam = "0.2"
+ethcore-util = { path = "../util" }
 
 [features]
 dev = ["clippy"]

db/src/database.rs

@@ -18,15 +18,13 @@
 
 use traits::*;
 use rocksdb::{DB, Writable, WriteBatch, IteratorMode, DBIterator,
-	IndexType, Options, DBCompactionStyle, BlockBasedOptions, Direction};
+IndexType, Options, DBCompactionStyle, BlockBasedOptions, Direction};
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::sync::{RwLock, Arc};
-use std::sync::{RwLock};
 use std::convert::From;
 use ipc::IpcConfig;
-use std::ops::*;
 use std::mem;
 use ipc::binary::BinaryConvertError;
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::collections::{VecDeque, HashMap, BTreeMap};
 
 impl From<String> for Error {
 	fn from(s: String) -> Error {
@@ -34,20 +32,136 @@ impl From<String> for Error {
 	}
 }
 
+enum WriteCacheEntry {
+	Remove,
+	Write(Vec<u8>),
+}
+
+pub struct WriteCache {
+	entries: HashMap<Vec<u8>, WriteCacheEntry>,
+	preferred_len: usize,
+}
+
+const FLUSH_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 4096;
+
+impl WriteCache {
+	fn new(cache_len: usize) -> WriteCache {
+		WriteCache {
+			entries: HashMap::new(),
+			preferred_len: cache_len,
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn write(&mut self, key: Vec<u8>, val: Vec<u8>) {
+		self.entries.insert(key, WriteCacheEntry::Write(val));
+	}
+
+	fn remove(&mut self, key: Vec<u8>) {
+		self.entries.insert(key, WriteCacheEntry::Remove);
+	}
+
+	fn get(&self, key: &Vec<u8>) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+		self.entries.get(key).and_then(
+			|vec_ref| match vec_ref {
+				&WriteCacheEntry::Write(ref val) => Some(val.clone()),
+				&WriteCacheEntry::Remove => None
+			})
+	}
+
+	/// WriteCache should be locked for this
+	fn flush(&mut self, db: &DB, amount: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		let batch = WriteBatch::new();
+		let mut removed_so_far = 0;
+		while removed_so_far < amount {
+			if self.entries.len() == 0 { break; }
+			let removed_key = {
+				let (key, cache_entry) = self.entries.iter().nth(0)
+				.expect("if entries.len == 0, we should have break in the loop, still we got here somehow");
+
+				match *cache_entry {
+					WriteCacheEntry::Write(ref val) => {
+						try!(batch.put(&key, val));
+					},
+					WriteCacheEntry::Remove => {
+						try!(batch.delete(&key));
+					},
+				}
+				key.clone()
+			};
+
+			self.entries.remove(&removed_key);
+
+			removed_so_far = removed_so_far + 1;
+		}
+		if removed_so_far > 0 {
+			try!(db.write(batch));
+		}
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	/// flushes until cache is empty
+	fn flush_all(&mut self, db: &DB) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		while !self.is_empty() { try!(self.flush(db, FLUSH_BATCH_SIZE)); }
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+		self.entries.is_empty()
+	}
+
+	fn try_shrink(&mut self, db: &DB) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		if self.entries.len() > self.preferred_len {
+			try!(self.flush(db, FLUSH_BATCH_SIZE));
+		}
+		Ok(())
+	}
+}
+
 pub struct Database {
 	db: RwLock<Option<DB>>,
-	transactions: RwLock<BTreeMap<TransactionHandle, WriteBatch>>,
+	/// Iterators - dont't use between threads!
 	iterators: RwLock<BTreeMap<IteratorHandle, DBIterator>>,
+	write_cache: RwLock<WriteCache>,
 }
 
+unsafe impl Send for Database {}
+unsafe impl Sync for Database {}
+
 impl Database {
 	pub fn new() -> Database {
 		Database {
 			db: RwLock::new(None),
-			transactions: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
 			iterators: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+			write_cache: RwLock::new(WriteCache::new(DEFAULT_CACHE_LEN)),
 		}
 	}
+
+	pub fn flush(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		let mut cache_lock = self.write_cache.write().unwrap();
+		let db_lock = self.db.read().unwrap();
+		if db_lock.is_none() { return Ok(()); }
+		let db = db_lock.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+		try!(cache_lock.try_shrink(&db));
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	pub fn flush_all(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		let mut cache_lock = self.write_cache.write().unwrap();
+		let db_lock = self.db.read().unwrap();
+		if db_lock.is_none() { return Ok(()); }
+		let db = db_lock.as_ref().expect("we should have exited with Ok(()) on the previous step");
+
+		try!(cache_lock.flush_all(&db));
+		Ok(())
+
+	}
+}
+
+impl Drop for Database {
+	fn drop(&mut self) {
+		self.flush().unwrap();
+	}
 }
 
 #[derive(Ipc)]
@@ -72,51 +186,64 @@ impl DatabaseService for Database {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
+	/// Opens database in the specified path with the default config
+	fn open_default(&self, path: String) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		self.open(DatabaseConfig::default(), path)
+	}
+
 	fn close(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		try!(self.flush_all());
+
 		let mut db = self.db.write().unwrap();
 		if db.is_none() { return Err(Error::IsClosed); }
 
-		// TODO: wait for transactions to expire/close here?
-		if self.transactions.read().unwrap().len() > 0 { return Err(Error::UncommitedTransactions); }
-
 		*db = None;
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
 	fn put(&self, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
-		let db_lock = self.db.read().unwrap();
+		let mut cache_lock = self.write_cache.write().unwrap();
-		let db = try!(db_lock.as_ref().ok_or(Error::IsClosed));
+		cache_lock.write(key.to_vec(), value.to_vec());
-
-		try!(db.put(key, value));
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
 	fn delete(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
-		let db_lock = self.db.read().unwrap();
+		let mut cache_lock = self.write_cache.write().unwrap();
-		let db = try!(db_lock.as_ref().ok_or(Error::IsClosed));
+		cache_lock.remove(key.to_vec());
-
-		try!(db.delete(key));
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn write(&self, handle: TransactionHandle) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	fn write(&self, transaction: DBTransaction) -> Result<(), Error> {
-		let db_lock = self.db.read().unwrap();
+		let mut cache_lock = self.write_cache.write().unwrap();
-		let db = try!(db_lock.as_ref().ok_or(Error::IsClosed));
 
-		let mut transactions = self.transactions.write().unwrap();
+		let mut writes = transaction.writes.borrow_mut();
-		let batch = try!(
+		for kv in writes.drain(..) {
-			transactions.remove(&handle).ok_or(Error::TransactionUnknown)
+			cache_lock.write(kv.key, kv.value);
-		);
+		}
-		try!(db.write(batch));
+
+		let mut removes = transaction.removes.borrow_mut();
+		for k in removes.drain(..) {
+			cache_lock.remove(k);
+		}
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
 	fn get(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
+		{
+			let key_vec = key.to_vec();
+			let cache_hit = self.write_cache.read().unwrap().get(&key_vec);
+
+			if cache_hit.is_some() {
+				return Ok(Some(cache_hit.expect("cache_hit.is_some() = true, still there is none somehow here")))
+			}
+		}
 		let db_lock = self.db.read().unwrap();
 		let db = try!(db_lock.as_ref().ok_or(Error::IsClosed));
 
 		match try!(db.get(key)) {
-			Some(db_vec) => Ok(Some(db_vec.to_vec())),
+			Some(db_vec) => {
+				Ok(Some(db_vec.to_vec()))
+			},
 			None => Ok(None),
 		}
 	}
@@ -166,37 +293,35 @@ impl DatabaseService for Database {
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn transaction_put(&self, transaction: TransactionHandle, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>
+	fn dispose_iter(&self, handle: IteratorHandle) -> Result<(), Error> {
-	{
+		let mut iterators = self.iterators.write().unwrap();
-		let mut transactions = self.transactions.write().unwrap();
+		iterators.remove(&handle);
-		let batch = try!(
-			transactions.get_mut(&transaction).ok_or(Error::TransactionUnknown)
-		);
-		try!(batch.put(&key, &value));
 		Ok(())
 	}
-
-	fn transaction_delete(&self, transaction: TransactionHandle, key: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
-		let mut transactions = self.transactions.write().unwrap();
-		let batch = try!(
-			transactions.get_mut(&transaction).ok_or(Error::TransactionUnknown)
-		);
-		try!(batch.delete(&key));
-		Ok(())
-	}
-
-	fn new_transaction(&self) -> TransactionHandle {
-		let mut transactions = self.transactions.write().unwrap();
-		let next_transaction = transactions.keys().last().unwrap_or(&0) + 1;
-		transactions.insert(next_transaction, WriteBatch::new());
-
-		next_transaction
-	}
 }
 
 // TODO : put proper at compile-time
 impl IpcConfig for Database {}
 
+/// Database iterator
+pub struct DatabaseIterator {
+	client: Arc<DatabaseClient<::nanomsg::Socket>>,
+	handle: IteratorHandle,
+}
+
+impl Iterator for DatabaseIterator {
+	type Item = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>);
+
+	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+		self.client.iter_next(self.handle).and_then(|kv| Some((kv.key, kv.value)))
+	}
+}
+
+impl Drop for DatabaseIterator {
+	fn drop(&mut self) {
+		self.client.dispose_iter(self.handle).unwrap();
+	}
+}
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
@@ -215,7 +340,7 @@ mod test {
 	fn can_be_open_empty() {
 		let db = Database::new();
 		let path = RandomTempPath::create_dir();
-		db.open(DatabaseConfig { prefix_size: Some(8) }, path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+		db.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
 
 		assert!(db.is_empty().is_ok());
 	}
@@ -224,9 +349,10 @@ mod test {
 	fn can_store_key() {
 		let db = Database::new();
 		let path = RandomTempPath::create_dir();
-		db.open(DatabaseConfig { prefix_size: None }, path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+		db.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
 
 		db.put("xxx".as_bytes(), "1".as_bytes()).unwrap();
+		db.flush_all().unwrap();
 		assert!(!db.is_empty().unwrap());
 	}
 
@@ -234,15 +360,37 @@ mod test {
 	fn can_retrieve() {
 		let db = Database::new();
 		let path = RandomTempPath::create_dir();
-		db.open(DatabaseConfig { prefix_size: None }, path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+		db.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
 		db.put("xxx".as_bytes(), "1".as_bytes()).unwrap();
 		db.close().unwrap();
 
-		db.open(DatabaseConfig { prefix_size: None }, path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+		db.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
 		assert_eq!(db.get("xxx".as_bytes()).unwrap().unwrap(), "1".as_bytes().to_vec());
 	}
 }
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod write_cache_tests {
+	use super::Database;
+	use traits::*;
+	use devtools::*;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cache_write_flush() {
+		let db = Database::new();
+		let path = RandomTempPath::create_dir();
+
+		db.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+		db.put("100500".as_bytes(), "1".as_bytes()).unwrap();
+		db.delete("100500".as_bytes()).unwrap();
+		db.flush_all().unwrap();
+
+		let val = db.get("100500".as_bytes()).unwrap();
+		assert!(val.is_none());
+	}
+
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod client_tests {
 	use super::{DatabaseClient, Database};
@@ -251,6 +399,8 @@ mod client_tests {
 	use nanoipc;
 	use std::sync::Arc;
 	use std::sync::atomic::{Ordering, AtomicBool};
+	use crossbeam;
+	use run_worker;
 
 	fn init_worker(addr: &str) -> nanoipc::Worker<Database> {
 		let mut worker = nanoipc::Worker::<Database>::new(&Arc::new(Database::new()));
@@ -268,7 +418,7 @@ mod client_tests {
 
 		::std::thread::spawn(move || {
 			let mut worker = init_worker(url);
-    		while !c_worker_should_exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+			while !c_worker_should_exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
 				worker.poll();
 				c_worker_is_ready.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
 			}
@@ -295,7 +445,7 @@ mod client_tests {
 
 		::std::thread::spawn(move || {
 			let mut worker = init_worker(url);
-    		while !c_worker_should_exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+			while !c_worker_should_exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
 				worker.poll();
 				c_worker_is_ready.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
 			}
@@ -304,7 +454,7 @@ mod client_tests {
 		while !worker_is_ready.load(Ordering::Relaxed) { }
 		let client = nanoipc::init_duplex_client::<DatabaseClient<_>>(url).unwrap();
 
-		client.open(DatabaseConfig { prefix_size: Some(8) }, path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+		client.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
 		assert!(client.is_empty().unwrap());
 		worker_should_exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
 	}
@@ -314,27 +464,16 @@ mod client_tests {
 		let url = "ipc:///tmp/parity-db-ipc-test-30.ipc";
 		let path = RandomTempPath::create_dir();
 
-		let worker_should_exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+		crossbeam::scope(move |scope| {
-		let worker_is_ready = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+			let stop = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-		let c_worker_should_exit = worker_should_exit.clone();
+			run_worker(scope, stop.clone(), url);
-		let c_worker_is_ready = worker_is_ready.clone();
+			let client = nanoipc::init_client::<DatabaseClient<_>>(url).unwrap();
+			client.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+			client.put("xxx".as_bytes(), "1".as_bytes()).unwrap();
+			client.close().unwrap();
 
-		::std::thread::spawn(move || {
+			stop.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-			let mut worker = init_worker(url);
-    		while !c_worker_should_exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-				worker.poll();
-				c_worker_is_ready.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-			}
 		});
-
-		while !worker_is_ready.load(Ordering::Relaxed) { }
-		let client = nanoipc::init_duplex_client::<DatabaseClient<_>>(url).unwrap();
-
-		client.open(DatabaseConfig { prefix_size: Some(8) }, path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
-		client.put("xxx".as_bytes(), "1".as_bytes()).unwrap();
-		client.close().unwrap();
-
-		worker_should_exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
 	}
 
 	#[test]
@@ -342,29 +481,93 @@ mod client_tests {
 		let url = "ipc:///tmp/parity-db-ipc-test-40.ipc";
 		let path = RandomTempPath::create_dir();
 
-		let worker_should_exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+		crossbeam::scope(move |scope| {
-		let worker_is_ready = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+			let stop = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-		let c_worker_should_exit = worker_should_exit.clone();
+			run_worker(scope, stop.clone(), url);
-		let c_worker_is_ready = worker_is_ready.clone();
+			let client = nanoipc::init_client::<DatabaseClient<_>>(url).unwrap();
 
-		::std::thread::spawn(move || {
+			client.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
-			let mut worker = init_worker(url);
+			client.put("xxx".as_bytes(), "1".as_bytes()).unwrap();
-    		while !c_worker_should_exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+			client.close().unwrap();
-				worker.poll();
+
-				c_worker_is_ready.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+			client.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+			assert_eq!(client.get("xxx".as_bytes()).unwrap().unwrap(), "1".as_bytes().to_vec());
+
+			stop.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+		});
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_read_empty() {
+		let url = "ipc:///tmp/parity-db-ipc-test-45.ipc";
+		let path = RandomTempPath::create_dir();
+
+		crossbeam::scope(move |scope| {
+			let stop = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+			run_worker(scope, stop.clone(), url);
+			let client = nanoipc::init_client::<DatabaseClient<_>>(url).unwrap();
+
+			client.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+			assert!(client.get("xxx".as_bytes()).unwrap().is_none());
+
+			stop.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+		});
+	}
+
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_commit_client_transaction() {
+		let url = "ipc:///tmp/parity-db-ipc-test-60.ipc";
+		let path = RandomTempPath::create_dir();
+
+		crossbeam::scope(move |scope| {
+			let stop = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+			run_worker(scope, stop.clone(), url);
+			let client = nanoipc::init_client::<DatabaseClient<_>>(url).unwrap();
+			client.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+
+			let transaction = DBTransaction::new();
+			transaction.put("xxx".as_bytes(), "1".as_bytes());
+			client.write(transaction).unwrap();
+
+			client.close().unwrap();
+
+			client.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+			assert_eq!(client.get("xxx".as_bytes()).unwrap().unwrap(), "1".as_bytes().to_vec());
+
+			stop.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+		});
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn key_write_read_ipc() {
+		let url = "ipc:///tmp/parity-db-ipc-test-70.ipc";
+		let path = RandomTempPath::create_dir();
+
+		crossbeam::scope(|scope| {
+			let stop = StopGuard::new();
+			run_worker(&scope, stop.share(), url);
+
+			let client = nanoipc::init_client::<DatabaseClient<_>>(url).unwrap();
+
+			client.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+			let mut batch = Vec::new();
+			for _ in 0..100 {
+				batch.push((random_str(256).as_bytes().to_vec(), random_str(256).as_bytes().to_vec()));
+				batch.push((random_str(256).as_bytes().to_vec(), random_str(2048).as_bytes().to_vec()));
+				batch.push((random_str(2048).as_bytes().to_vec(), random_str(2048).as_bytes().to_vec()));
+				batch.push((random_str(2048).as_bytes().to_vec(), random_str(256).as_bytes().to_vec()));
+			}
+
+			for &(ref k, ref v) in batch.iter() {
+				client.put(k, v).unwrap();
+			}
+			client.close().unwrap();
+
+			client.open_default(path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
+			for &(ref k, ref v) in batch.iter() {
+				assert_eq!(v, &client.get(k).unwrap().unwrap());
 			}
 		});
-
-		while !worker_is_ready.load(Ordering::Relaxed) { }
-		let client = nanoipc::init_duplex_client::<DatabaseClient<_>>(url).unwrap();
-
-		client.open(DatabaseConfig { prefix_size: Some(8) }, path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
-		client.put("xxx".as_bytes(), "1".as_bytes()).unwrap();
-		client.close().unwrap();
-
-		client.open(DatabaseConfig { prefix_size: Some(8) }, path.as_str().to_owned()).unwrap();
-		assert_eq!(client.get("xxx".as_bytes()).unwrap().unwrap(), "1".as_bytes().to_vec());
-
-		worker_should_exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
 	}
 }

db/src/lib.rs.in

@@ -19,7 +19,71 @@ extern crate rocksdb;
 extern crate ethcore_devtools as devtools;
 extern crate semver;
 extern crate ethcore_ipc_nano as nanoipc;
+extern crate nanomsg;
+extern crate crossbeam;
 extern crate ethcore_util as util;
 
 pub mod database;
 pub mod traits;
+
+pub use traits::{DatabaseService, DBTransaction, Error};
+pub use database::{Database, DatabaseClient, DatabaseIterator};
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::*;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+pub type DatabaseNanoClient = DatabaseClient<::nanomsg::Socket>;
+pub type DatabaseConnection = nanoipc::GuardedSocket<DatabaseNanoClient>;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ServiceError {
+	Io(std::io::Error),
+	Socket(nanoipc::SocketError),
+}
+
+impl std::convert::From<std::io::Error> for ServiceError {
+	fn from(io_error: std::io::Error) -> ServiceError { ServiceError::Io(io_error) }
+}
+
+impl std::convert::From<nanoipc::SocketError> for ServiceError {
+	fn from(socket_error: nanoipc::SocketError) -> ServiceError { ServiceError::Socket(socket_error) }
+}
+
+pub fn blocks_service_url(db_path: &str) -> Result<String, std::io::Error> {
+	let mut path = PathBuf::from(db_path);
+	try!(::std::fs::create_dir_all(db_path));
+	path.push("blocks.ipc");
+	Ok(format!("ipc://{}", path.to_str().unwrap()))
+}
+
+pub fn extras_service_url(db_path: &str) -> Result<String, ::std::io::Error> {
+	let mut path = PathBuf::from(db_path);
+	try!(::std::fs::create_dir_all(db_path));
+	path.push("extras.ipc");
+	Ok(format!("ipc://{}", path.to_str().unwrap()))
+}
+
+pub fn blocks_client(db_path: &str) -> Result<DatabaseConnection, ServiceError> {
+	let url = try!(blocks_service_url(db_path));
+	let client = try!(nanoipc::init_client::<DatabaseClient<_>>(&url));
+	Ok(client)
+}
+
+pub fn extras_client(db_path: &str) -> Result<DatabaseConnection, ServiceError> {
+	let url = try!(extras_service_url(db_path));
+	let client = try!(nanoipc::init_client::<DatabaseClient<_>>(&url));
+	Ok(client)
+}
+
+// for tests
+pub fn run_worker(scope: &crossbeam::Scope, stop: Arc<AtomicBool>, socket_path: &str) {
+	let socket_path = socket_path.to_owned();
+	scope.spawn(move || {
+		let mut worker = nanoipc::Worker::new(&Arc::new(Database::new()));
+		worker.add_reqrep(&socket_path).unwrap();
+		while !stop.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+			worker.poll();
+		}
+	});
+}

db/src/traits.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethcore database trait
 
-use ipc::BinaryConvertable;
 use std::mem;
 use ipc::binary::BinaryConvertError;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
 
-pub type TransactionHandle = u32;
 pub type IteratorHandle = u32;
 
+pub const DEFAULT_CACHE_LEN: usize = 12288;
+
 #[derive(Binary)]
 pub struct KeyValue {
 	pub key: Vec<u8>,
 	pub value: Vec<u8>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Binary)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Binary)]
-pub enum Error {
+	pub enum Error {
 	AlreadyOpen,
 	IsClosed,
 	RocksDb(String),
@@ -28,13 +45,36 @@ pub enum Error {
 #[derive(Binary)]
 pub struct DatabaseConfig {
 	/// Optional prefix size in bytes. Allows lookup by partial key.
-	pub prefix_size: Option<usize>
+	pub prefix_size: Option<usize>,
+	/// write cache length
+	pub cache: usize,
 }
 
-pub trait DatabaseService {
+impl Default for DatabaseConfig {
+	fn default() -> DatabaseConfig {
+		DatabaseConfig {
+			prefix_size: None,
+			cache: DEFAULT_CACHE_LEN,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl DatabaseConfig {
+	fn with_prefix(prefix: usize) -> DatabaseConfig {
+		DatabaseConfig {
+			prefix_size: Some(prefix),
+			cache: DEFAULT_CACHE_LEN,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+	pub trait DatabaseService : Sized {
 	/// Opens database in the specified path
 	fn open(&self, config: DatabaseConfig, path: String) -> Result<(), Error>;
 
+	/// Opens database in the specified path with the default config
+	fn open_default(&self, path: String) -> Result<(), Error>;
+
 	/// Closes database
 	fn close(&self) -> Result<(), Error>;
 
@@ -44,18 +84,6 @@ pub trait DatabaseService {
 	/// Delete value by key.
 	fn delete(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>;
 
-	/// Insert a key-value pair in the transaction. Any existing value value will be overwritten.
-	fn transaction_put(&self, transaction: TransactionHandle, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>;
-
-	/// Delete value by key using transaction
-	fn transaction_delete(&self, transaction: TransactionHandle, key: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>;
-
-	/// Commit transaction to database.
-	fn write(&self, tr: TransactionHandle) -> Result<(), Error>;
-
-	/// Initiate new transaction on database
-	fn new_transaction(&self) -> TransactionHandle;
-
 	/// Get value by key.
 	fn get(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Error>;
 
@@ -70,4 +98,35 @@ pub trait DatabaseService {
 
 	/// Next key-value for the the given iterator
 	fn iter_next(&self, iterator: IteratorHandle) -> Option<KeyValue>;
+
+	/// Dispose iteration that is no longer needed
+	fn dispose_iter(&self, handle: IteratorHandle) -> Result<(), Error>;
+
+	/// Write client transaction
+	fn write(&self, transaction: DBTransaction) -> Result<(), Error>;
+}
+
+#[derive(Binary)]
+pub struct DBTransaction {
+	pub writes: RefCell<Vec<KeyValue>>,
+	pub removes: RefCell<Vec<Vec<u8>>>,
+}
+
+impl DBTransaction {
+	pub fn new() -> DBTransaction {
+		DBTransaction {
+			writes: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
+			removes: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn put(&self, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) {
+		let mut brw = self.writes.borrow_mut();
+		brw.push(KeyValue { key: key.to_vec(), value: value.to_vec() });
+	}
+
+	pub fn delete(&self, key: &[u8]) {
+		let mut brw = self.removes.borrow_mut();
+		brw.push(key.to_vec());
+	}
 }

ethcore/src/account.rs

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
 		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
 		let rlp = {
-			let mut a = Account::new_contract(x!(69), x!(0));
+			let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
 			a.set_storage(H256::from(&U256::from(0x00u64)), H256::from(&U256::from(0x1234u64)));
 			a.commit_storage(&mut db);
 			a.init_code(vec![]);
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
 
 		let rlp = {
-			let mut a = Account::new_contract(x!(69), x!(0));
+			let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
 			a.init_code(vec![0x55, 0x44, 0xffu8]);
 			a.commit_code(&mut db);
 			a.rlp()
@@ -296,10 +296,10 @@ mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn commit_storage() {
-		let mut a = Account::new_contract(x!(69), x!(0));
+		let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
 		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
-		a.set_storage(x!(0), x!(0x1234));
+		a.set_storage(0.into(), 0x1234.into());
 		assert_eq!(a.storage_root(), None);
 		a.commit_storage(&mut db);
 		assert_eq!(a.storage_root().unwrap().hex(), "c57e1afb758b07f8d2c8f13a3b6e44fa5ff94ab266facc5a4fd3f062426e50b2");
@@ -307,21 +307,21 @@ mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn commit_remove_commit_storage() {
-		let mut a = Account::new_contract(x!(69), x!(0));
+		let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
 		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
-		a.set_storage(x!(0), x!(0x1234));
+		a.set_storage(0.into(), 0x1234.into());
 		a.commit_storage(&mut db);
-		a.set_storage(x!(1), x!(0x1234));
+		a.set_storage(1.into(), 0x1234.into());
 		a.commit_storage(&mut db);
-		a.set_storage(x!(1), x!(0));
+		a.set_storage(1.into(), 0.into());
 		a.commit_storage(&mut db);
 		assert_eq!(a.storage_root().unwrap().hex(), "c57e1afb758b07f8d2c8f13a3b6e44fa5ff94ab266facc5a4fd3f062426e50b2");
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn commit_code() {
-		let mut a = Account::new_contract(x!(69), x!(0));
+		let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
 		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
 		a.init_code(vec![0x55, 0x44, 0xffu8]);

ethcore/src/account_db.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ impl<'db> AccountDB<'db> {
 	pub fn new(db: &'db HashDB, address: &Address) -> AccountDB<'db> {
 		AccountDB {
 			db: db,
-			address: x!(address),
+			address: address.into(),
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl<'db> AccountDBMut<'db> {
 	pub fn new(db: &'db mut HashDB, address: &Address) -> AccountDBMut<'db> {
 		AccountDBMut {
 			db: db,
-			address: x!(address),
+			address: address.into(),
 		}
 	}
 

ethcore/src/basic_authority.rs

@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ impl Engine for BasicAuthority {
 			let gas_limit = parent.gas_limit;
 			let bound_divisor = self.our_params.gas_limit_bound_divisor;
 			if gas_limit < gas_floor_target {
-				min(gas_floor_target, gas_limit + gas_limit / bound_divisor - x!(1))
+				min(gas_floor_target, gas_limit + gas_limit / bound_divisor - 1.into())
 			} else {
-				max(gas_floor_target, gas_limit - gas_limit / bound_divisor + x!(1))
+				max(gas_floor_target, gas_limit - gas_limit / bound_divisor + 1.into())
 			}
 		};
 		header.note_dirty();
@@ -211,12 +211,12 @@ mod tests {
 		let engine = new_test_authority().engine;
 		let schedule = engine.schedule(&EnvInfo {
 			number: 10000000,
-			author: x!(0),
+			author: 0.into(),
 			timestamp: 0,
-			difficulty: x!(0),
+			difficulty: 0.into(),
 			last_hashes: vec![],
-			gas_used: x!(0),
+			gas_used: 0.into(),
-			gas_limit: x!(0)
+			gas_limit: 0.into()
 		});
 
 		assert!(schedule.stack_limit > 0);
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ mod tests {
 		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
 		let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr.clone(), x!(3141562), vec![]);
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr.clone(), 3141562.into(), vec![]);
 		let b = b.close_and_lock();
 		let seal = engine.generate_seal(b.block(), Some(&tap)).unwrap();
 

ethcore/src/block.rs

@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ pub fn enact(header: &Header, transactions: &[SignedTransaction], uncles: &[Head
 		}
 	}
 
-	let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine, vm_factory, tracing, db, parent, last_hashes, header.author().clone(), x!(3141562), header.extra_data().clone());
+	let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine, vm_factory, tracing, db, parent, last_hashes, header.author().clone(), 3141562.into(), header.extra_data().clone());
 	b.set_difficulty(*header.difficulty());
 	b.set_gas_limit(*header.gas_limit());
 	b.set_timestamp(header.timestamp());
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ mod tests {
 		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
 		let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), x!(3141562), vec![]);
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), 3141562.into(), vec![]);
 		let b = b.close_and_lock();
 		let _ = b.seal(engine.deref(), vec![]);
 	}
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
 		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, vec![genesis_header.hash()], Address::zero(), x!(3141562), vec![]).close_and_lock().seal(engine.deref(), vec![]).unwrap();
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, vec![genesis_header.hash()], Address::zero(), 3141562.into(), vec![]).close_and_lock().seal(engine.deref(), vec![]).unwrap();
 		let orig_bytes = b.rlp_bytes();
 		let orig_db = b.drain();
 
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
 		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let mut open_block = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, vec![genesis_header.hash()], Address::zero(), x!(3141562), vec![]);
+		let mut open_block = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, vec![genesis_header.hash()], Address::zero(), 3141562.into(), vec![]);
 		let mut uncle1_header = Header::new();
 		uncle1_header.extra_data = b"uncle1".to_vec();
 		let mut uncle2_header = Header::new();

ethcore/src/block_queue.rs

@@ -311,17 +311,17 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 		let h = header.hash();
 		{
 			if self.processing.read().unwrap().contains(&h) {
-				return Err(x!(ImportError::AlreadyQueued));
+				return Err(ImportError::AlreadyQueued.into());
 			}
 
 			let mut bad = self.verification.bad.lock().unwrap();
 			if bad.contains(&h) {
-				return Err(x!(ImportError::KnownBad));
+				return Err(ImportError::KnownBad.into());
 			}
 
 			if bad.contains(&header.parent_hash) {
 				bad.insert(h.clone());
-				return Err(x!(ImportError::KnownBad));
+				return Err(ImportError::KnownBad.into());
 			}
 		}
 

ethcore/src/client/client.rs

@@ -599,10 +599,10 @@ impl<V> BlockChainClient for Client<V> where V: Verifier {
 		{
 			let header = BlockView::new(&bytes).header_view();
 			if self.chain.is_known(&header.sha3()) {
-				return Err(x!(ImportError::AlreadyInChain));
+				return Err(ImportError::AlreadyInChain.into());
 			}
 			if self.block_status(BlockID::Hash(header.parent_hash())) == BlockStatus::Unknown {
-				return Err(x!(BlockError::UnknownParent(header.parent_hash())));
+				return Err(BlockError::UnknownParent(header.parent_hash()).into());
 			}
 		}
 		self.block_queue.import_block(bytes)

ethcore/src/env_info.rs

@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ impl Default for EnvInfo {
 			number: 0,
 			author: Address::new(),
 			timestamp: 0,
-			difficulty: x!(0),
+			difficulty: 0.into(),
-			gas_limit: x!(0),
+			gas_limit: 0.into(),
 			last_hashes: vec![],
-			gas_used: x!(0),
+			gas_used: 0.into(),
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -92,15 +92,15 @@ mod tests {
 
 		assert_eq!(env_info.number, 1112339);
 		assert_eq!(env_info.author, Address::from_str("000000f00000000f000000000000f00000000f00").unwrap());
-		assert_eq!(env_info.gas_limit, x!(40000));
+		assert_eq!(env_info.gas_limit, 40000.into());
-		assert_eq!(env_info.difficulty, x!(50000));
+		assert_eq!(env_info.difficulty, 50000.into());
-		assert_eq!(env_info.gas_used, x!(0));
+		assert_eq!(env_info.gas_used, 0.into());
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn it_can_be_created_as_default() {
 		let default_env_info = EnvInfo::default();
 
-		assert_eq!(default_env_info.difficulty, x!(0));
+		assert_eq!(default_env_info.difficulty, 0.into());
 	}
 }

ethcore/src/ethereum/ethash.rs

@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 			let gas_limit = parent.gas_limit;
 			let bound_divisor = self.ethash_params.gas_limit_bound_divisor;
 			if gas_limit < gas_floor_target {
-				min(gas_floor_target, gas_limit + gas_limit / bound_divisor - x!(1))
+				min(gas_floor_target, gas_limit + gas_limit / bound_divisor - 1.into())
 			} else {
-				max(gas_floor_target, gas_limit - gas_limit / bound_divisor + x!(1) + (header.gas_used * x!(6) / x!(5)) / bound_divisor)
+				max(gas_floor_target, gas_limit - gas_limit / bound_divisor + 1.into() + (header.gas_used * 6.into() / 5.into()) / bound_divisor)
 			}
 		};
 		header.note_dirty();
@@ -255,12 +255,12 @@ impl Ethash {
 
 	/// Convert an Ethash boundary to its original difficulty. Basically just `f(x) = 2^256 / x`.
 	pub fn boundary_to_difficulty(boundary: &H256) -> U256 {
-		U256::from((U512::one() << 256) / x!(U256::from(boundary.as_slice())))
+		U256::from((U512::one() << 256) / U256::from(boundary.as_slice()).into())
 	}
 
 	/// Convert an Ethash difficulty to the target boundary. Basically just `f(x) = 2^256 / x`.
 	pub fn difficulty_to_boundary(difficulty: &U256) -> H256 {
-		x!(U256::from((U512::one() << 256) / x!(difficulty)))
+		U256::from((U512::one() << 256) / difficulty.into()).into()
 	}
 
 	fn to_ethash(hash: H256) -> EH256 {
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ mod tests {
 		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
 		let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), x!(3141562), vec![]);
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), 3141562.into(), vec![]);
 		let b = b.close();
 		assert_eq!(b.state().balance(&Address::zero()), U256::from_str("4563918244f40000").unwrap());
 	}
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ mod tests {
 		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut());
 		let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), x!(3141562), vec![]);
+		let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), 3141562.into(), vec![]);
 		let mut uncle = Header::new();
 		let uncle_author = address_from_hex("ef2d6d194084c2de36e0dabfce45d046b37d1106");
 		uncle.author = uncle_author.clone();
@@ -346,24 +346,24 @@ mod tests {
 		let engine = new_morden().engine;
 		let schedule = engine.schedule(&EnvInfo {
 			number: 10000000,
-			author: x!(0),
+			author: 0.into(),
 			timestamp: 0,
-			difficulty: x!(0),
+			difficulty: 0.into(),
 			last_hashes: vec![],
-			gas_used: x!(0),
+			gas_used: 0.into(),
-			gas_limit: x!(0)
+			gas_limit: 0.into()
 		});
 
 		assert!(schedule.stack_limit > 0);
 
 		let schedule = engine.schedule(&EnvInfo {
 			number: 100,
-			author: x!(0),
+			author: 0.into(),
 			timestamp: 0,
-			difficulty: x!(0),
+			difficulty: 0.into(),
 			last_hashes: vec![],
-			gas_used: x!(0),
+			gas_used: 0.into(),
-			gas_limit: x!(0)
+			gas_limit: 0.into()
 		});
 
 		assert!(!schedule.have_delegate_call);

ethcore/src/executive.rs

@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 		let refunds_bound = sstore_refunds + suicide_refunds;
 
 		// real ammount to refund
-		let gas_left_prerefund = match result { Ok(x) => x, _ => x!(0) };
+		let gas_left_prerefund = match result { Ok(x) => x, _ => 0.into() };
 		let refunded = cmp::min(refunds_bound, (t.gas - gas_left_prerefund) / U256::from(2));
 		let gas_left = gas_left_prerefund + refunded;
 
@@ -588,10 +588,10 @@ mod tests {
 		let expected_trace = vec![ Trace {
 			depth: 0,
 			action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-				from: x!("cd1722f3947def4cf144679da39c4c32bdc35681"),
+				from: "cd1722f3947def4cf144679da39c4c32bdc35681".into(),
-				to: x!("b010143a42d5980c7e5ef0e4a4416dc098a4fed3"),
+				to: "b010143a42d5980c7e5ef0e4a4416dc098a4fed3".into(),
-				value: x!(100),
+				value: 100.into(),
-				gas: x!(100000),
+				gas: 100000.into(),
 				input: vec![],
 			}),
 			result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -601,9 +601,9 @@ mod tests {
 			subs: vec![Trace {
 				depth: 1,
 				action: trace::Action::Create(trace::Create {
-					from: x!("b010143a42d5980c7e5ef0e4a4416dc098a4fed3"),
+					from: "b010143a42d5980c7e5ef0e4a4416dc098a4fed3".into(),
-					value: x!(23),
+					value: 23.into(),
-					gas: x!(67979),
+					gas: 67979.into(),
 					init: vec![96, 16, 128, 96, 12, 96, 0, 57, 96, 0, 243, 0, 96, 0, 53, 84, 21, 96, 9, 87, 0, 91, 96, 32, 53, 96, 0, 53, 85]
 				}),
 				result: trace::Res::Create(trace::CreateResult {
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ mod tests {
 		params.origin = sender.clone();
 		params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
 		params.code = Some(code.clone());
-		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(x!(100));
+		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(100.into());
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
 		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100));
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ mod tests {
 			depth: 0,
 			action: trace::Action::Create(trace::Create {
 				from: params.sender,
-				value: x!(100),
+				value: 100.into(),
 				gas: params.gas,
 				init: vec![96, 16, 128, 96, 12, 96, 0, 57, 96, 0, 243, 0, 96, 0, 53, 84, 21, 96, 9, 87, 0, 91, 96, 32, 53, 96, 0, 53, 85],
 			}),

ethcore/src/externalities.rs

@@ -311,12 +311,12 @@ mod tests {
 	fn get_test_env_info() -> EnvInfo {
 		EnvInfo {
 			number: 100,
-			author: x!(0),
+			author: 0.into(),
 			timestamp: 0,
-			difficulty: x!(0),
+			difficulty: 0.into(),
 			last_hashes: vec![],
-			gas_used: x!(0),
+			gas_used: 0.into(),
-			gas_limit: x!(0)
+			gas_limit: 0.into()
 		}
 	}
 

ethcore/src/miner/miner.rs

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ impl Miner {
 						Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::BlockGasLimitReached { gas_limit, gas_used, .. })) => {
 							trace!(target: "miner", "Skipping adding transaction to block because of gas limit: {:?}", hash);
 							// Exit early if gas left is smaller then min_tx_gas
-							let min_tx_gas: U256 = x!(21000);	// TODO: figure this out properly.
+							let min_tx_gas: U256 = 21000.into();	// TODO: figure this out properly.
 							if gas_limit - gas_used < min_tx_gas {
 								break;
 							}
@@ -337,11 +337,11 @@ impl MinerService for Miner {
 
 	fn sensible_gas_price(&self) -> U256 {
 		// 10% above our minimum.
-		*self.transaction_queue.lock().unwrap().minimal_gas_price() * x!(110) / x!(100)
+		*self.transaction_queue.lock().unwrap().minimal_gas_price() * 110.into() / 100.into()
 	}
 
 	fn sensible_gas_limit(&self) -> U256 {
-		*self.gas_floor_target.read().unwrap() / x!(5)
+		*self.gas_floor_target.read().unwrap() / 5.into()
 	}
 
 	fn transactions_limit(&self) -> usize {

ethcore/src/miner/mod.rs

@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ pub trait MinerService : Send + Sync {
 	fn last_nonce(&self, address: &Address) -> Option<U256>;
 
 	/// Suggested gas price.
-	fn sensible_gas_price(&self) -> U256 { x!(20000000000u64) }
+	fn sensible_gas_price(&self) -> U256 { 20000000000u64.into() }
 
 	/// Suggested gas limit.
-	fn sensible_gas_limit(&self) -> U256 { x!(21000) }
+	fn sensible_gas_limit(&self) -> U256 { 21000.into() }
 
 	/// Latest account balance in pending state.
 	fn balance(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address) -> U256;

ethcore/src/pod_account.rs

@@ -114,11 +114,11 @@ mod test {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn existence() {
-		let a = PodAccount{balance: x!(69), nonce: x!(0), code: vec![], storage: map![]};
+		let a = PodAccount{balance: 69.into(), nonce: 0.into(), code: vec![], storage: map![]};
 		assert_eq!(AccountDiff::diff_pod(Some(&a), Some(&a)), None);
 		assert_eq!(AccountDiff::diff_pod(None, Some(&a)), Some(AccountDiff{
-			balance: Diff::Born(x!(69)),
+			balance: Diff::Born(69.into()),
-			nonce: Diff::Born(x!(0)),
+			nonce: Diff::Born(0.into()),
 			code: Diff::Born(vec![]),
 			storage: map![],
 		}));
@@ -126,11 +126,11 @@ mod test {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn basic() {
-		let a = PodAccount{balance: x!(69), nonce: x!(0), code: vec![], storage: map![]};
+		let a = PodAccount{balance: 69.into(), nonce: 0.into(), code: vec![], storage: map![]};
-		let b = PodAccount{balance: x!(42), nonce: x!(1), code: vec![], storage: map![]};
+		let b = PodAccount{balance: 42.into(), nonce: 1.into(), code: vec![], storage: map![]};
 		assert_eq!(AccountDiff::diff_pod(Some(&a), Some(&b)), Some(AccountDiff {
-			balance: Diff::Changed(x!(69), x!(42)),
+			balance: Diff::Changed(69.into(), 42.into()),
-			nonce: Diff::Changed(x!(0), x!(1)),
+			nonce: Diff::Changed(0.into(), 1.into()),
 			code: Diff::Same,
 			storage: map![],
 		}));
@@ -138,11 +138,11 @@ mod test {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn code() {
-		let a = PodAccount{balance: x!(0), nonce: x!(0), code: vec![], storage: map![]};
+		let a = PodAccount{balance: 0.into(), nonce: 0.into(), code: vec![], storage: map![]};
-		let b = PodAccount{balance: x!(0), nonce: x!(1), code: vec![0], storage: map![]};
+		let b = PodAccount{balance: 0.into(), nonce: 1.into(), code: vec![0], storage: map![]};
 		assert_eq!(AccountDiff::diff_pod(Some(&a), Some(&b)), Some(AccountDiff {
 			balance: Diff::Same,
-			nonce: Diff::Changed(x!(0), x!(1)),
+			nonce: Diff::Changed(0.into(), 1.into()),
 			code: Diff::Changed(vec![], vec![0]),
 			storage: map![],
 		}));
@@ -151,27 +151,27 @@ mod test {
 	#[test]
 	fn storage() {
 		let a = PodAccount {
-			balance: x!(0),
+			balance: 0.into(),
-			nonce: x!(0),
+			nonce: 0.into(),
 			code: vec![],
-			storage: mapx![1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3, 4 => 4, 5 => 0, 6 => 0, 7 => 0]
+			storage: map_into![1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3, 4 => 4, 5 => 0, 6 => 0, 7 => 0]
 		};
 		let b = PodAccount {
-			balance: x!(0),
+			balance: 0.into(),
-			nonce: x!(0),
+			nonce: 0.into(),
 			code: vec![],
-			storage: mapx![1 => 1, 2 => 3, 3 => 0, 5 => 0, 7 => 7, 8 => 0, 9 => 9]
+			storage: map_into![1 => 1, 2 => 3, 3 => 0, 5 => 0, 7 => 7, 8 => 0, 9 => 9]
 		};
 		assert_eq!(AccountDiff::diff_pod(Some(&a), Some(&b)), Some(AccountDiff {
 			balance: Diff::Same,
 			nonce: Diff::Same,
 			code: Diff::Same,
 			storage: map![
-				x!(2) => Diff::new(x!(2), x!(3)),
+				2.into() => Diff::new(2.into(), 3.into()),
-				x!(3) => Diff::new(x!(3), x!(0)),
+				3.into() => Diff::new(3.into(), 0.into()),
-				x!(4) => Diff::new(x!(4), x!(0)),
+				4.into() => Diff::new(4.into(), 0.into()),
-				x!(7) => Diff::new(x!(0), x!(7)),
+				7.into() => Diff::new(0.into(), 7.into()),
-				x!(9) => Diff::new(x!(0), x!(9))
+				9.into() => Diff::new(0.into(), 9.into())
 			],
 		}));
 	}

ethcore/src/state.rs

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ impl State {
 	/// Initialise the code of account `a` so that it is `value` for `key`.
 	/// NOTE: Account should have been created with `new_contract`.
 	pub fn init_code(&mut self, a: &Address, code: Bytes) {
-		self.require_or_from(a, true, || Account::new_contract(x!(0), self.account_start_nonce), |_|{}).init_code(code);
+		self.require_or_from(a, true, || Account::new_contract(0.into(), self.account_start_nonce), |_|{}).init_code(code);
 	}
 
 	/// Execute a given transaction.
@@ -377,27 +377,27 @@ fn should_apply_create_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
 		action: Action::Create,
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: FromHex::from_hex("601080600c6000396000f3006000355415600957005b60203560003555").unwrap(),
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Create(trace::Create {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(77412),
+			gas: 77412.into(),
 			init: vec![96, 16, 128, 96, 12, 96, 0, 57, 96, 0, 243, 0, 96, 0, 53, 84, 21, 96, 9, 87, 0, 91, 96, 32, 53, 96, 0, 53, 85],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Create(trace::CreateResult {
@@ -438,27 +438,27 @@ fn should_trace_failed_create_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
 		action: Action::Create,
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: FromHex::from_hex("5b600056").unwrap(),
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Create(trace::Create {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(78792),
+			gas: 78792.into(),
 			init: vec![91, 96, 0, 86],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::FailedCreate,
@@ -476,29 +476,29 @@ fn should_trace_call_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -519,28 +519,28 @@ fn should_trace_basic_call_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -561,15 +561,15 @@ fn should_trace_call_transaction_to_builtin() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = Spec::new_test().engine;
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0x1)),
+		action: Action::Call(0x1.into()),
-		value: x!(0),
+		value: 0.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
@@ -579,10 +579,10 @@ fn should_trace_call_transaction_to_builtin() {
 	assert_eq!(result.trace, Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!("0000000000000000000000000000000000000001"),
+			to: "0000000000000000000000000000000000000001".into(),
-			value: x!(0),
+			value: 0.into(),
-			gas: x!(79_000),
+			gas: 79_000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -601,29 +601,29 @@ fn should_not_trace_subcall_transaction_to_builtin() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = Spec::new_test().engine;
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(0),
+		value: 0.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("600060006000600060006001610be0f1").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("600060006000600060006001610be0f1").unwrap());
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, engine.deref(), &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(0),
+			value: 0.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -643,30 +643,30 @@ fn should_not_trace_callcode() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = Spec::new_test().engine;
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(0),
+		value: 0.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600b611000f2").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600b611000f2").unwrap());
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xb), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xb.into(), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, engine.deref(), &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(0),
+			value: 0.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -686,33 +686,33 @@ fn should_not_trace_delegatecall() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	info.number = 0x789b0;
 	let engine = Spec::new_test().engine;
 
 	println!("schedule.have_delegate_call: {:?}", engine.schedule(&info).have_delegate_call);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(0),
+		value: 0.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("6000600060006000600b618000f4").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("6000600060006000600b618000f4").unwrap());
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xb), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xb.into(), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, engine.deref(), &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(0),
+			value: 0.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -732,29 +732,29 @@ fn should_trace_failed_call_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("5b600056").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("5b600056").unwrap());
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::FailedCall,
@@ -774,30 +774,30 @@ fn should_trace_call_with_subcall_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600b602b5a03f1").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600b602b5a03f1").unwrap());
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xb), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xb.into(), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -807,10 +807,10 @@ fn should_trace_call_with_subcall_transaction() {
 		subs: vec![Trace {
 			depth: 1,
 			action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-				from: x!(0xa),
+				from: 0xa.into(),
-				to: x!(0xb),
+				to: 0xb.into(),
-				value: x!(0),
+				value: 0.into(),
-				gas: x!(78934),
+				gas: 78934.into(),
 				input: vec![],
 			}),
 			result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -832,29 +832,29 @@ fn should_trace_call_with_basic_subcall_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006045600b6000f1").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006045600b6000f1").unwrap());
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -864,10 +864,10 @@ fn should_trace_call_with_basic_subcall_transaction() {
 		subs: vec![Trace {
 			depth: 1,
 			action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-				from: x!(0xa),
+				from: 0xa.into(),
-				to: x!(0xb),
+				to: 0xb.into(),
-				value: x!(69),
+				value: 69.into(),
-				gas: x!(2300),
+				gas: 2300.into(),
 				input: vec![],
 			}),
 			result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult::default()),
@@ -886,29 +886,29 @@ fn should_not_trace_call_with_invalid_basic_subcall_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("600060006000600060ff600b6000f1").unwrap());	// not enough funds.
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("600060006000600060ff600b6000f1").unwrap());	// not enough funds.
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -929,30 +929,30 @@ fn should_trace_failed_subcall_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: vec![],//600480600b6000396000f35b600056
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600b602b5a03f1").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600b602b5a03f1").unwrap());
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xb), FromHex::from_hex("5b600056").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xb.into(), FromHex::from_hex("5b600056").unwrap());
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -962,10 +962,10 @@ fn should_trace_failed_subcall_transaction() {
 		subs: vec![Trace {
 			depth: 1,
 			action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-				from: x!(0xa),
+				from: 0xa.into(),
-				to: x!(0xb),
+				to: 0xb.into(),
-				value: x!(0),
+				value: 0.into(),
-				gas: x!(78934),
+				gas: 78934.into(),
 				input: vec![],
 			}),
 			result: trace::Res::FailedCall,
@@ -984,31 +984,31 @@ fn should_trace_call_with_subcall_with_subcall_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: vec![],
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600b602b5a03f1").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600b602b5a03f1").unwrap());
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xb), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600c602b5a03f1").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xb.into(), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600c602b5a03f1").unwrap());
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xc), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xc.into(), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -1018,10 +1018,10 @@ fn should_trace_call_with_subcall_with_subcall_transaction() {
 		subs: vec![Trace {
 			depth: 1,
 			action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-				from: x!(0xa),
+				from: 0xa.into(),
-				to: x!(0xb),
+				to: 0xb.into(),
-				value: x!(0),
+				value: 0.into(),
-				gas: x!(78934),
+				gas: 78934.into(),
 				input: vec![],
 			}),
 			result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ fn should_trace_call_with_subcall_with_subcall_transaction() {
 			subs: vec![Trace {
 				depth: 2,
 				action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-					from: x!(0xb),
+					from: 0xb.into(),
-					to: x!(0xc),
+					to: 0xc.into(),
-					value: x!(0),
+					value: 0.into(),
-					gas: x!(78868),
+					gas: 78868.into(),
 					input: vec![],
 				}),
 				result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -1057,31 +1057,31 @@ fn should_trace_failed_subcall_with_subcall_transaction() {
 	let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
 
 	let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
-	info.gas_limit = x!(1_000_000);
+	info.gas_limit = 1_000_000.into();
 	let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 
 	let t = Transaction {
-		nonce: x!(0),
+		nonce: 0.into(),
-		gas_price: x!(0),
+		gas_price: 0.into(),
-		gas: x!(100_000),
+		gas: 100_000.into(),
-		action: Action::Call(x!(0xa)),
+		action: Action::Call(0xa.into()),
-		value: x!(100),
+		value: 100.into(),
 		data: vec![],//600480600b6000396000f35b600056
 	}.sign(&"".sha3());
 
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xa), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600b602b5a03f1").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xa.into(), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600b602b5a03f1").unwrap());
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xb), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600c602b5a03f1505b601256").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xb.into(), FromHex::from_hex("60006000600060006000600c602b5a03f1505b601256").unwrap());
-	state.init_code(&x!(0xc), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
+	state.init_code(&0xc.into(), FromHex::from_hex("6000").unwrap());
-	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &x!(100));
+	state.add_balance(t.sender().as_ref().unwrap(), &(100.into()));
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let result = state.apply(&info, &engine, &vm_factory, &t, true).unwrap();
 	let expected_trace = Some(Trace {
 		depth: 0,
 		action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-			from: x!("9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6"),
+			from: "9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6".into(),
-			to: x!(0xa),
+			to: 0xa.into(),
-			value: x!(100),
+			value: 100.into(),
-			gas: x!(79000),
+			gas: 79000.into(),
 			input: vec![],
 		}),
 		result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
@@ -1091,21 +1091,21 @@ fn should_trace_failed_subcall_with_subcall_transaction() {
 		subs: vec![Trace {
 			depth: 1,
 			action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-				from: x!(0xa),
+				from: 0xa.into(),
-				to: x!(0xb),
+				to: 0xb.into(),
-				value: x!(0),
+				value: 0.into(),
-				gas: x!(78934),
+				gas: 78934.into(),
 				input: vec![],
 			}),
 			result: trace::Res::FailedCall,
 			subs: vec![Trace {
 				depth: 2,
 				action: trace::Action::Call(trace::Call {
-					from: x!(0xb),
+				from: 0xb.into(),
-					to: x!(0xc),
+				to: 0xc.into(),
-					value: x!(0),
+				value: 0.into(),
-					gas: x!(78868),
+				gas: 78868.into(),
-					input: vec![],
+				input: vec![],
 				}),
 				result: trace::Res::Call(trace::CallResult {
 					gas_used: U256::from(3),
@@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@ fn code_from_database() {
 	let temp = RandomTempPath::new();
 	let (root, db) = {
 		let mut state = get_temp_state_in(temp.as_path());
-		state.require_or_from(&a, false, ||Account::new_contract(x!(42), x!(0)), |_|{});
+		state.require_or_from(&a, false, ||Account::new_contract(42.into(), 0.into()), |_|{});
 		state.init_code(&a, vec![1, 2, 3]);
 		assert_eq!(state.code(&a), Some([1u8, 2, 3].to_vec()));
 		state.commit();

ethcore/src/state_diff.rs

@@ -59,19 +59,19 @@ mod test {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn create_delete() {
-		let a = PodState::from(map![ x!(1) => PodAccount::new(x!(69), x!(0), vec![], map![]) ]);
+		let a = PodState::from(map![ 1.into() => PodAccount::new(69.into(), 0.into(), vec![], map![]) ]);
 		assert_eq!(StateDiff::diff_pod(&a, &PodState::new()), StateDiff(map![
-			x!(1) => AccountDiff{
+			1.into() => AccountDiff{
-				balance: Diff::Died(x!(69)),
+				balance: Diff::Died(69.into()),
-				nonce: Diff::Died(x!(0)),
+				nonce: Diff::Died(0.into()),
 				code: Diff::Died(vec![]),
 				storage: map![],
 			}
 		]));
 		assert_eq!(StateDiff::diff_pod(&PodState::new(), &a), StateDiff(map![
-			x!(1) => AccountDiff{
+			1.into() => AccountDiff{
-				balance: Diff::Born(x!(69)),
+				balance: Diff::Born(69.into()),
-				nonce: Diff::Born(x!(0)),
+				nonce: Diff::Born(0.into()),
 				code: Diff::Born(vec![]),
 				storage: map![],
 			}
@@ -80,23 +80,23 @@ mod test {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn create_delete_with_unchanged() {
-		let a = PodState::from(map![ x!(1) => PodAccount::new(x!(69), x!(0), vec![], map![]) ]);
+		let a = PodState::from(map![ 1.into() => PodAccount::new(69.into(), 0.into(), vec![], map![]) ]);
 		let b = PodState::from(map![
-			x!(1) => PodAccount::new(x!(69), x!(0), vec![], map![]),
+			1.into() => PodAccount::new(69.into(), 0.into(), vec![], map![]),
-			x!(2) => PodAccount::new(x!(69), x!(0), vec![], map![])
+			2.into() => PodAccount::new(69.into(), 0.into(), vec![], map![])
 		]);
 		assert_eq!(StateDiff::diff_pod(&a, &b), StateDiff(map![
-			x!(2) => AccountDiff{
+			2.into() => AccountDiff{
-				balance: Diff::Born(x!(69)),
+				balance: Diff::Born(69.into()),
-				nonce: Diff::Born(x!(0)),
+				nonce: Diff::Born(0.into()),
 				code: Diff::Born(vec![]),
 				storage: map![],
 			}
 		]));
 		assert_eq!(StateDiff::diff_pod(&b, &a), StateDiff(map![
-			x!(2) => AccountDiff{
+			2.into() => AccountDiff{
-				balance: Diff::Died(x!(69)),
+				balance: Diff::Died(69.into()),
-				nonce: Diff::Died(x!(0)),
+				nonce: Diff::Died(0.into()),
 				code: Diff::Died(vec![]),
 				storage: map![],
 			}
@@ -106,17 +106,17 @@ mod test {
 	#[test]
 	fn change_with_unchanged() {
 		let a = PodState::from(map![
-			x!(1) => PodAccount::new(x!(69), x!(0), vec![], map![]),
+			1.into() => PodAccount::new(69.into(), 0.into(), vec![], map![]),
-			x!(2) => PodAccount::new(x!(69), x!(0), vec![], map![])
+			2.into() => PodAccount::new(69.into(), 0.into(), vec![], map![])
 		]);
 		let b = PodState::from(map![
-			x!(1) => PodAccount::new(x!(69), x!(1), vec![], map![]),
+			1.into() => PodAccount::new(69.into(), 1.into(), vec![], map![]),
-			x!(2) => PodAccount::new(x!(69), x!(0), vec![], map![])
+			2.into() => PodAccount::new(69.into(), 0.into(), vec![], map![])
 		]);
 		assert_eq!(StateDiff::diff_pod(&a, &b), StateDiff(map![
-			x!(1) => AccountDiff{
+			1.into() => AccountDiff{
 				balance: Diff::Same,
-				nonce: Diff::Changed(x!(0), x!(1)),
+				nonce: Diff::Changed(0.into(), 1.into()),
 				code: Diff::Same,
 				storage: map![],
 			}

ethcore/src/substate.rs

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ mod tests {
 			topics: vec![],
 			data: vec![]
 		});
-		sub_state.sstore_clears_count = x!(5);
+		sub_state.sstore_clears_count = 5.into();
 		sub_state.suicides.insert(address_from_u64(10u64));
 
 		let mut sub_state_2 = Substate::new();
@@ -84,11 +84,11 @@ mod tests {
 			topics: vec![],
 			data: vec![]
 		});
-		sub_state_2.sstore_clears_count = x!(7);
+		sub_state_2.sstore_clears_count = 7.into();
 
 		sub_state.accrue(sub_state_2);
 		assert_eq!(sub_state.contracts_created.len(), 2);
-		assert_eq!(sub_state.sstore_clears_count, x!(12));
+		assert_eq!(sub_state.sstore_clears_count, 12.into());
 		assert_eq!(sub_state.suicides.len(), 1);
 	}
 }

ethcore/src/tests/client.rs

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ fn can_mine() {
 	let client_result = get_test_client_with_blocks(vec![dummy_blocks[0].clone()]);
 	let client = client_result.reference();
 
-	let b = client.prepare_sealing(Address::default(), x!(31415926), vec![], vec![]).0.unwrap();
+	let b = client.prepare_sealing(Address::default(), 31415926.into(), vec![], vec![]).0.unwrap();
 
 	assert_eq!(*b.block().header().parent_hash(), BlockView::new(&dummy_blocks[0]).header_view().sha3());
 	assert!(client.try_seal(b.lock(), vec![]).is_ok());

ethcore/src/tests/helpers.rs

@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ pub fn create_test_block(header: &Header) -> Bytes {
 
 fn create_unverifiable_block_header(order: u32, parent_hash: H256) -> Header {
 	let mut header = Header::new();
-	header.gas_limit = x!(0);
+	header.gas_limit = 0.into();
-	header.difficulty = x!(order * 100);
+	header.difficulty = (order * 100).into();
 	header.timestamp = (order * 10) as u64;
 	header.number = order as u64;
 	header.parent_hash = parent_hash;
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ pub fn get_bad_state_dummy_block() -> Bytes {
 	block_header.timestamp = 40;
 	block_header.number = 1;
 	block_header.parent_hash = test_spec.genesis_header().hash();
-	block_header.state_root = x!(0xbad);
+	block_header.state_root = 0xbad.into();
 
 	create_test_block(&block_header)
 }

ethcore/src/types/receipt.rs

@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ pub struct LocalizedReceipt {
 fn test_basic() {
 	let expected = ::rustc_serialize::hex::FromHex::from_hex("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").unwrap();
 	let r = Receipt::new(
-		x!("2f697d671e9ae4ee24a43c4b0d7e15f1cb4ba6de1561120d43b9a4e8c4a8a6ee"),
+		"2f697d671e9ae4ee24a43c4b0d7e15f1cb4ba6de1561120d43b9a4e8c4a8a6ee".into(),
-		x!(0x40cae),
+		0x40cae.into(),
 		vec![LogEntry {
-			address: x!("dcf421d093428b096ca501a7cd1a740855a7976f"),
+			address: "dcf421d093428b096ca501a7cd1a740855a7976f".into(),
 			topics: vec![],
 			data: vec![0u8; 32]
 		}]

sync/src/chain.rs

@@ -1294,8 +1294,8 @@ mod tests {
 
 	fn get_dummy_block(order: u32, parent_hash: H256) -> Bytes {
 		let mut header = Header::new();
-		header.gas_limit = x!(0);
+		header.gas_limit = 0.into();
-		header.difficulty = x!(order * 100);
+		header.difficulty = (order * 100).into();
 		header.timestamp = (order * 10) as u64;
 		header.number = order as u64;
 		header.parent_hash = parent_hash;
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ mod tests {
 	fn get_dummy_blocks(order: u32, parent_hash: H256) -> Bytes {
 		let mut rlp = RlpStream::new_list(1);
 		rlp.append_raw(&get_dummy_block(order, parent_hash), 1);
-		let difficulty: U256 = x!(100 * order);
+		let difficulty: U256 = (100 * order).into();
 		rlp.append(&difficulty);
 		rlp.out()
 	}

util/src/common.rs

@@ -26,44 +26,50 @@ pub use sha3::*;
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! hash_map {
-	( $( $x:expr => $y:expr ),* ) => {
+	() => { HashMap::new() };
-		vec![ $( ($x, $y) ),* ].into_iter().collect::<HashMap<_, _>>()
+	( $( $x:expr => $y:expr ),* ) => {{
-	}
+		let mut x = HashMap::new();
+		$(
+			x.insert($x, $y);
+		)*
+		x
+	}}
 }
 
 #[macro_export]
-macro_rules! hash_mapx {
+macro_rules! hash_map_into {
-	( $( $x:expr => $y:expr ),* ) => {
+	() => { HashMap::new() };
-		vec![ $( ( From::from($x), From::from($y) ) ),* ].into_iter().collect::<HashMap<_, _>>()
+	( $( $x:expr => $y:expr ),* ) => {{
-	}
+		let mut x = HashMap::new();
+		$(
+			x.insert($x.into(), $y.into());
+		)*
+		x
+	}}
 }
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! map {
-	( $( $x:expr => $y:expr ),* ) => {
+	() => { BTreeMap::new() };
-		vec![ $( ($x, $y) ),* ].into_iter().collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>()
+	( $( $x:expr => $y:expr ),* ) => {{
-	}
+		let mut x = BTreeMap::new();
+		$(
+			x.insert($x, $y);
+		)*
+		x
+	}}
 }
 
 #[macro_export]
-macro_rules! mapx {
+macro_rules! map_into {
-	( $( $x:expr => $y:expr ),* ) => {
+	() => { BTreeMap::new() };
-		vec![ $( ( From::from($x), From::from($y) ) ),* ].into_iter().collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>()
+	( $( $x:expr => $y:expr ),* ) => {{
-	}
+		let mut x = BTreeMap::new();
-}
+		$(
-
+			x.insert($x.into(), $y.into());
-#[macro_export]
+		)*
-macro_rules! x {
+		x
-	( $x:expr ) => {
+	}}
-		From::from($x)
-	}
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! xx {
-	( $x:expr ) => {
-		From::from(From::from($x))
-	}
 }
 
 #[macro_export]

util/src/hash.rs

@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn from_and_to_u256() {
-		let u: U256 = x!(0x123456789abcdef0u64);
+		let u: U256 = 0x123456789abcdef0u64.into();
 		let h = H256::from(u);
 		assert_eq!(H256::from(u), H256::from("000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000123456789abcdef0"));
 		let h_ref = H256::from(&u);

util/src/json_aid.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl FromJson for Bytes {
 impl FromJson for BTreeMap<H256, H256> {
 	fn from_json(json: &Json) -> Self {
 		match *json {
-			Json::Object(ref o) => o.iter().map(|(key, value)| (x!(&u256_from_str(key)), x!(&U256::from_json(value)))).collect(),
+			Json::Object(ref o) => o.iter().map(|(key, value)| (u256_from_str(key).into(), U256::from_json(value).into())).collect(),
 			_ => BTreeMap::new(),
 		}
 	}

util/src/keys/store.rs

@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ mod tests {
 						H256::from_str("517ead924a9d0dc3124507e3393d175ce3ff7c1e96529c6c555ce9e51205e9b2").unwrap(),
 						262144,
 						32));
-			key_file.account = Some(x!(i as u64));
+			key_file.account = Some((i as u64).into());
 			result.push(key_file.id.clone());
 			write_sstore.import_key(key_file).unwrap();
 		}
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ mod tests {
 			sstore.sign(&address, &H256::random()).unwrap()
 		};
 
-		assert!(signature != x!(0));
+		assert!(signature != 0.into());
 	}
 
 	#[test]