Merge pull request #547 from ethcore/mining

Mining
2016-03-02 13:00:22 +01:00 · 2016-03-02 13:00:22 +01:00 · 162300a4a6
commit 162300a4a6
parent c9bb7ea0f4 6b9fde5790
22 changed files with 382 additions and 115 deletions
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@ -215,11 +215,13 @@ name = "ethcore-rpc"
 version = "0.9.99"
 dependencies = [
 "clippy 0.0.44 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "ethash 0.9.99",
 "ethcore 0.9.99",
 "ethcore-util 0.9.99",
 "ethsync 0.9.99",
 "jsonrpc-core 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "jsonrpc-http-server 2.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "log 0.3.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc-serialize 0.3.18 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde 0.7.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_codegen 0.7.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
--- a/ethash/src/compute.rs
+++ b/ethash/src/compute.rs
@ -172,7 +172,8 @@ fn get_data_size(block_number: u64) -> usize {
 }

 #[inline]
-fn get_seedhash(block_number: u64) -> H256 {
+/// Given the `block_number`, determine the seed hash for Ethash.
+pub fn get_seedhash(block_number: u64) -> H256 {
 	let epochs = block_number / ETHASH_EPOCH_LENGTH;
 	let mut ret: H256 = [0u8; 32];
 	for _ in 0..epochs {
--- a/ethash/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethash/src/lib.rs
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ mod compute;

 use std::mem;
 use compute::Light;
-pub use compute::{quick_get_difficulty, H256, ProofOfWork, ETHASH_EPOCH_LENGTH};
+pub use compute::{get_seedhash, quick_get_difficulty, H256, ProofOfWork, ETHASH_EPOCH_LENGTH};

 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};

@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ struct LightCache {
 	prev: Option<Arc<Light>>,
 }

-/// Lighy/Full cache manager
+/// Light/Full cache manager.
 pub struct EthashManager {
 	cache: Mutex<LightCache>,
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/tests
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/tests
@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit f32954b3ddb5af2dc3dc9ec6d9a28bee848fdf70
+Subproject commit 99afe8f5aad7bca5d0f1b1685390a4dea32d73c3
--- a/ethcore/src/block.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/block.rs
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 use common::*;
 use engine::*;
 use state::*;
-use verification::PreVerifiedBlock;
+use verification::PreverifiedBlock;

 /// A block, encoded as it is on the block chain.
 // TODO: rename to Block
@ -155,9 +155,9 @@ pub struct OpenBlock<'x> {
 /// Just like OpenBlock, except that we've applied `Engine::on_close_block`, finished up the non-seal header fields,
 /// and collected the uncles.
 ///
-/// There is no function available to push a transaction. If you want that you'll need to `reopen()` it.
-pub struct ClosedBlock<'x> {
-	open_block: OpenBlock<'x>,
+/// There is no function available to push a transaction.
+pub struct ClosedBlock {
+	block: ExecutedBlock,
 	uncle_bytes: Bytes,
 }

@ -178,10 +178,12 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 			last_hashes: last_hashes,
 		};

-		r.block.base.header.set_number(parent.number() + 1);
-		r.block.base.header.set_author(author);
-		r.block.base.header.set_extra_data(extra_data);
-		r.block.base.header.set_timestamp_now();
+		r.block.base.header.parent_hash = parent.hash();
+		r.block.base.header.number = parent.number + 1;
+		r.block.base.header.author = author;
+		r.block.base.header.set_timestamp_now(parent.timestamp());
+		r.block.base.header.extra_data = extra_data;
+		r.block.base.header.note_dirty();

 		engine.populate_from_parent(&mut r.block.base.header, parent);
 		engine.on_new_block(&mut r.block);
@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 	}

 	/// Turn this into a `ClosedBlock`. A BlockChain must be provided in order to figure out the uncles.
-	pub fn close(self) -> ClosedBlock<'x> {
+	pub fn close(self) -> ClosedBlock {
 		let mut s = self;
 		s.engine.on_close_block(&mut s.block);
 		s.block.base.header.transactions_root = ordered_trie_root(s.block.base.transactions.iter().map(|ref e| e.rlp_bytes().to_vec()).collect());
@ -271,7 +273,10 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 		s.block.base.header.gas_used = s.block.receipts.last().map_or(U256::zero(), |r| r.gas_used);
 		s.block.base.header.note_dirty();

-		ClosedBlock::new(s, uncle_bytes)
+		ClosedBlock {
+			block: s.block, 
+			uncle_bytes: uncle_bytes,
+		}
 	}
 }

@ -279,38 +284,40 @@ impl<'x> IsBlock for OpenBlock<'x> {
 	fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.block }
 }

-impl<'x> IsBlock for ClosedBlock<'x> {
-	fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.open_block.block }
+impl<'x> IsBlock for ClosedBlock {
+	fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.block }
 }

-impl<'x> ClosedBlock<'x> {
-	fn new(open_block: OpenBlock<'x>, uncle_bytes: Bytes) -> Self {
-		ClosedBlock {
-			open_block: open_block,
-			uncle_bytes: uncle_bytes,
-		}
-	}
-
+impl ClosedBlock {
 	/// Get the hash of the header without seal arguments.
 	pub fn hash(&self) -> H256 { self.header().rlp_sha3(Seal::Without) }

 	/// Provide a valid seal in order to turn this into a `SealedBlock`.
 	///
 	/// NOTE: This does not check the validity of `seal` with the engine.
-	pub fn seal(self, seal: Vec<Bytes>) -> Result<SealedBlock, BlockError> {
+	pub fn seal(self, engine: &Engine, seal: Vec<Bytes>) -> Result<SealedBlock, BlockError> {
 		let mut s = self;
-		if seal.len() != s.open_block.engine.seal_fields() {
-			return Err(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(Mismatch{expected: s.open_block.engine.seal_fields(), found: seal.len()}));
+		if seal.len() != engine.seal_fields() {
+			return Err(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(Mismatch{expected: engine.seal_fields(), found: seal.len()}));
 		}
-		s.open_block.block.base.header.set_seal(seal);
-		Ok(SealedBlock { block: s.open_block.block, uncle_bytes: s.uncle_bytes })
+		s.block.base.header.set_seal(seal);
+		Ok(SealedBlock { block: s.block, uncle_bytes: s.uncle_bytes })
 	}

-	/// Turn this back into an `OpenBlock`.
-	pub fn reopen(self) -> OpenBlock<'x> { self.open_block }
+	/// Provide a valid seal in order to turn this into a `SealedBlock`.
+	/// This does check the validity of `seal` with the engine.
+	/// Returns the `ClosedBlock` back again if the seal is no good.
+	pub fn try_seal(self, engine: &Engine, seal: Vec<Bytes>) -> Result<SealedBlock, ClosedBlock> {
+		let mut s = self;
+		s.block.base.header.set_seal(seal);
+		match engine.verify_block_seal(&s.block.base.header) {
+			Err(_) => Err(s),
+			_ => Ok(SealedBlock { block: s.block, uncle_bytes: s.uncle_bytes }),
+		}
+	}

 	/// Drop this object and return the underlieing database.
-	pub fn drain(self) -> JournalDB { self.open_block.block.state.drop().1 }
+	pub fn drain(self) -> JournalDB { self.block.state.drop().1 }
 }

 impl SealedBlock {
@ -332,7 +339,7 @@ impl IsBlock for SealedBlock {
 }

 /// Enact the block given by block header, transactions and uncles
-pub fn enact<'x>(header: &Header, transactions: &[SignedTransaction], uncles: &[Header], engine: &'x Engine, db: JournalDB, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes) -> Result<ClosedBlock<'x>, Error> {
+pub fn enact(header: &Header, transactions: &[SignedTransaction], uncles: &[Header], engine: &Engine, db: JournalDB, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes) -> Result<ClosedBlock, Error> {
 	{
 		if ::log::max_log_level() >= ::log::LogLevel::Trace {
 			let s = State::from_existing(db.clone(), parent.state_root().clone(), engine.account_start_nonce());
@ -350,14 +357,14 @@ pub fn enact<'x>(header: &Header, transactions: &[SignedTransaction], uncles: &[
 }

 /// Enact the block given by `block_bytes` using `engine` on the database `db` with given `parent` block header
-pub fn enact_bytes<'x>(block_bytes: &[u8], engine: &'x Engine, db: JournalDB, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes) -> Result<ClosedBlock<'x>, Error> {
+pub fn enact_bytes(block_bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine, db: JournalDB, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes) -> Result<ClosedBlock, Error> {
 	let block = BlockView::new(block_bytes);
 	let header = block.header();
 	enact(&header, &block.transactions(), &block.uncles(), engine, db, parent, last_hashes)
 }

 /// Enact the block given by `block_bytes` using `engine` on the database `db` with given `parent` block header
-pub fn enact_verified<'x>(block: &PreVerifiedBlock, engine: &'x Engine, db: JournalDB, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes) -> Result<ClosedBlock<'x>, Error> {
+pub fn enact_verified(block: &PreverifiedBlock, engine: &Engine, db: JournalDB, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes) -> Result<ClosedBlock, Error> {
 	let view = BlockView::new(&block.bytes);
 	enact(&block.header, &block.transactions, &view.uncles(), engine, db, parent, last_hashes)
 }
@ -365,7 +372,7 @@ pub fn enact_verified<'x>(block: &PreVerifiedBlock, engine: &'x Engine, db: Jour
 /// Enact the block given by `block_bytes` using `engine` on the database `db` with given `parent` block header. Seal the block aferwards
 pub fn enact_and_seal(block_bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine, db: JournalDB, parent: &Header, last_hashes: LastHashes) -> Result<SealedBlock, Error> {
 	let header = BlockView::new(block_bytes).header_view();
-	Ok(try!(try!(enact_bytes(block_bytes, engine, db, parent, last_hashes)).seal(header.seal())))
+	Ok(try!(try!(enact_bytes(block_bytes, engine, db, parent, last_hashes)).seal(engine, header.seal())))
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
@ -386,7 +393,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
 		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
 		let b = b.close();
-		let _ = b.seal(vec![]);
+		let _ = b.seal(engine.deref(), vec![]);
 	}

 	#[test]
@ -398,7 +405,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
 		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, vec![genesis_header.hash()], Address::zero(), vec![]).close().seal(vec![]).unwrap();
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, vec![genesis_header.hash()], Address::zero(), vec![]).close().seal(engine.deref(), vec![]).unwrap();
 		let orig_bytes = b.rlp_bytes();
 		let orig_db = b.drain();

--- a/ethcore/src/block_queue.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/block_queue.rs
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use service::*;
 use client::BlockStatus;
 use util::panics::*;

-known_heap_size!(0, UnVerifiedBlock, VerifyingBlock, PreVerifiedBlock);
+known_heap_size!(0, UnverifiedBlock, VerifyingBlock, PreverifiedBlock);

 const MIN_MEM_LIMIT: usize = 16384;
 const MIN_QUEUE_LIMIT: usize = 512;
@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ pub struct BlockQueue {
 	max_mem_use: usize,
 }

-struct UnVerifiedBlock {
+struct UnverifiedBlock {
 	header: Header,
 	bytes: Bytes,
 }

 struct VerifyingBlock {
 	hash: H256,
-	block: Option<PreVerifiedBlock>,
+	block: Option<PreverifiedBlock>,
 }

 struct QueueSignal {
@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ impl QueueSignal {

 #[derive(Default)]
 struct Verification {
-	unverified: VecDeque<UnVerifiedBlock>,
-	verified: VecDeque<PreVerifiedBlock>,
+	unverified: VecDeque<UnverifiedBlock>,
+	verified: VecDeque<PreverifiedBlock>,
 	verifying: VecDeque<VerifyingBlock>,
 	bad: HashSet<H256>,
 }
@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 		}
 	}

-	fn drain_verifying(verifying: &mut VecDeque<VerifyingBlock>, verified: &mut VecDeque<PreVerifiedBlock>, bad: &mut HashSet<H256>) {
+	fn drain_verifying(verifying: &mut VecDeque<VerifyingBlock>, verified: &mut VecDeque<PreverifiedBlock>, bad: &mut HashSet<H256>) {
 		while !verifying.is_empty() && verifying.front().unwrap().block.is_some() {
 			let block = verifying.pop_front().unwrap().block.unwrap();
 			if bad.contains(&block.header.parent_hash) {
@ -289,31 +289,31 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 		let header = BlockView::new(&bytes).header();
 		let h = header.hash();
 		if self.processing.read().unwrap().contains(&h) {
-			return Err(ImportError::AlreadyQueued);
+			return Err(x!(ImportError::AlreadyQueued));
 		}
 		{
 			let mut verification = self.verification.lock().unwrap();
 			if verification.bad.contains(&h) {
-				return Err(ImportError::Bad(None));
+				return Err(x!(ImportError::KnownBad));
 			}

 			if verification.bad.contains(&header.parent_hash) {
 				verification.bad.insert(h.clone());
-				return Err(ImportError::Bad(None));
+				return Err(x!(ImportError::KnownBad));
 			}
 		}

 		match verify_block_basic(&header, &bytes, self.engine.deref().deref()) {
 			Ok(()) => {
 				self.processing.write().unwrap().insert(h.clone());
-				self.verification.lock().unwrap().unverified.push_back(UnVerifiedBlock { header: header, bytes: bytes });
+				self.verification.lock().unwrap().unverified.push_back(UnverifiedBlock { header: header, bytes: bytes });
 				self.more_to_verify.notify_all();
 				Ok(h)
 			},
 			Err(err) => {
 				warn!(target: "client", "Stage 1 block verification failed for {}\nError: {:?}", BlockView::new(&bytes).header_view().sha3(), err);
 				self.verification.lock().unwrap().bad.insert(h.clone());
-				Err(From::from(err))
+				Err(err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 	}

 	/// Removes up to `max` verified blocks from the queue
-	pub fn drain(&mut self, max: usize) -> Vec<PreVerifiedBlock> {
+	pub fn drain(&mut self, max: usize) -> Vec<PreverifiedBlock> {
 		let mut verification = self.verification.lock().unwrap();
 		let count = min(max, verification.verified.len());
 		let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(count);
@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ mod tests {
 		match duplicate_import {
 			Err(e) => {
 				match e {
-					ImportError::AlreadyQueued => {},
+					Error::Import(ImportError::AlreadyQueued) => {},
 					_ => { panic!("must return AlreadyQueued error"); }
 				}
 			}
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/blockchain.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/blockchain.rs
@ -473,6 +473,12 @@ impl BlockChain {
 		self.extras_db.write(batch).unwrap();
 	}

+	/// Given a block's `parent`, find every block header which represents a valid uncle.
+	pub fn find_uncle_headers(&self, _parent: &H256) -> Vec<Header> {
+		// TODO
+		Vec::new()
+	}
+
 	/// Get inserted block info which is critical to preapre extras updates.
 	fn block_info(&self, block_bytes: &[u8]) -> BlockInfo {
 		let block = BlockView::new(block_bytes);
--- a/ethcore/src/client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client.rs
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use util::panics::*;
 use blockchain::{BlockChain, BlockProvider};
 use views::BlockView;
 use error::*;
-use header::{BlockNumber, Header};
+use header::{BlockNumber};
 use state::State;
 use spec::Spec;
 use engine::Engine;
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ pub struct ClientReport {

 impl ClientReport {
 	/// Alter internal reporting to reflect the additional `block` has been processed.
-	pub fn accrue_block(&mut self, block: &PreVerifiedBlock) {
+	pub fn accrue_block(&mut self, block: &PreverifiedBlock) {
 		self.blocks_imported += 1;
 		self.transactions_applied += block.transactions.len();
 		self.gas_processed = self.gas_processed + block.header.gas_used;
@ -193,6 +193,11 @@ pub struct Client {
 	report: RwLock<ClientReport>,
 	import_lock: Mutex<()>,
 	panic_handler: Arc<PanicHandler>,
+
+	// for sealing...
+	sealing_block: Mutex<Option<ClosedBlock>>,
+	author: RwLock<Address>,
+	extra_data: RwLock<Bytes>,
 }

 const HISTORY: u64 = 1000;
@ -228,7 +233,10 @@ impl Client {
 			block_queue: RwLock::new(block_queue),
 			report: RwLock::new(Default::default()),
 			import_lock: Mutex::new(()),
-			panic_handler: panic_handler
+			panic_handler: panic_handler,
+			sealing_block: Mutex::new(None),
+			author: RwLock::new(Address::new()),
+			extra_data: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
 		}))
 	}

@ -237,10 +245,10 @@ impl Client {
 		self.block_queue.write().unwrap().flush();
 	}

-	fn build_last_hashes(&self, header: &Header) -> LastHashes {
+	fn build_last_hashes(&self, parent_hash: H256) -> LastHashes {
 		let mut last_hashes = LastHashes::new();
 		last_hashes.resize(256, H256::new());
-		last_hashes[0] = header.parent_hash.clone();
+		last_hashes[0] = parent_hash;
 		let chain = self.chain.read().unwrap();
 		for i in 0..255 {
 			match chain.block_details(&last_hashes[i]) {
@ -253,7 +261,7 @@ impl Client {
 		last_hashes
 	}

-	fn check_and_close_block(&self, block: &PreVerifiedBlock) -> Result<ClosedBlock, ()> {
+	fn check_and_close_block(&self, block: &PreverifiedBlock) -> Result<ClosedBlock, ()> {
 		let engine = self.engine.deref().deref();
 		let header = &block.header;

@ -273,7 +281,7 @@ impl Client {

 		// Enact Verified Block
 		let parent = chain_has_parent.unwrap();
-		let last_hashes = self.build_last_hashes(header);
+		let last_hashes = self.build_last_hashes(header.parent_hash.clone());
 		let db = self.state_db.lock().unwrap().clone();

 		let enact_result = enact_verified(&block, engine, db, &parent, last_hashes);
@ -302,6 +310,8 @@ impl Client {
 		let _import_lock = self.import_lock.lock();
 		let blocks = self.block_queue.write().unwrap().drain(max_blocks_to_import);

+		let original_best = self.chain_info().best_block_hash;
+
 		for block in blocks {
 			let header = &block.header;

@ -357,6 +367,10 @@ impl Client {
 			}
 		}

+		if self.chain_info().best_block_hash != original_best {
+			self.prepare_sealing();
+		}
+
 		imported
 	}

@ -403,8 +417,82 @@ impl Client {
 			BlockId::Latest => Some(self.chain.read().unwrap().best_block_number())
 		}
 	}
+
+	/// Get the author that we will seal blocks as.
+	pub fn author(&self) -> Address {
+		self.author.read().unwrap().clone()
+	}
+
+	/// Set the author that we will seal blocks as.
+	pub fn set_author(&self, author: Address) {
+		*self.author.write().unwrap() = author;
+	}
+
+	/// Get the extra_data that we will seal blocks wuth.
+	pub fn extra_data(&self) -> Bytes {
+		self.extra_data.read().unwrap().clone()
+	}
+
+	/// Set the extra_data that we will seal blocks with.
+	pub fn set_extra_data(&self, extra_data: Bytes) {
+		*self.extra_data.write().unwrap() = extra_data;
+	}
+
+	/// New chain head event. Restart mining operation.
+	pub fn prepare_sealing(&self) {
+		let h = self.chain.read().unwrap().best_block_hash();
+		let mut b = OpenBlock::new(
+			self.engine.deref().deref(),
+			self.state_db.lock().unwrap().clone(),
+			match self.chain.read().unwrap().block_header(&h) { Some(ref x) => x, None => {return;} },
+			self.build_last_hashes(h.clone()),
+			self.author(),
+			self.extra_data()
+		);
+
+		self.chain.read().unwrap().find_uncle_headers(&h).into_iter().foreach(|h| { b.push_uncle(h).unwrap(); });
+
+		// TODO: push transactions.
+
+		let b = b.close();
+		trace!("Sealing: number={}, hash={}, diff={}", b.hash(), b.block().header().difficulty(), b.block().header().number());
+		*self.sealing_block.lock().unwrap() = Some(b);
+	}
+
+	/// Grab the `ClosedBlock` that we want to be sealed. Comes as a mutex that you have to lock.
+	pub fn sealing_block(&self) -> &Mutex<Option<ClosedBlock>> {
+		if self.sealing_block.lock().unwrap().is_none() {
+			self.prepare_sealing();
+		}
+		&self.sealing_block
+	}
+
+	/// Submit `seal` as a valid solution for the header of `pow_hash`.
+	/// Will check the seal, but not actually insert the block into the chain.
+	pub fn submit_seal(&self, pow_hash: H256, seal: Vec<Bytes>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		let mut maybe_b = self.sealing_block.lock().unwrap();
+		match *maybe_b {
+			Some(ref b) if b.hash() == pow_hash => {}
+			_ => { return Err(Error::PowHashInvalid); }
+		}
+
+		let b = maybe_b.take();
+		match b.unwrap().try_seal(self.engine.deref().deref(), seal) {
+			Err(old) => {
+				*maybe_b = Some(old);
+				Err(Error::PowInvalid)
+			}
+			Ok(sealed) => {
+				// TODO: commit DB from `sealed.drain` and make a VerifiedBlock to skip running the transactions twice.
+				try!(self.import_block(sealed.rlp_bytes()));
+				Ok(())
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

+// TODO: need MinerService MinerIoHandler
+
 impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
 		let chain = self.chain.read().unwrap();
@ -477,12 +565,14 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	}

 	fn import_block(&self, bytes: Bytes) -> ImportResult {
-		let header = BlockView::new(&bytes).header();
-		if self.chain.read().unwrap().is_known(&header.hash()) {
-			return Err(ImportError::AlreadyInChain);
-		}
-		if self.block_status(BlockId::Hash(header.parent_hash)) == BlockStatus::Unknown {
-			return Err(ImportError::UnknownParent);
+		{
+			let header = BlockView::new(&bytes).header_view();
+			if self.chain.read().unwrap().is_known(&header.sha3()) {
+				return Err(x!(ImportError::AlreadyInChain));
+			}
+			if self.block_status(BlockId::Hash(header.parent_hash())) == BlockStatus::Unknown {
+				return Err(x!(BlockError::UnknownParent(header.parent_hash())));
+			}
 		}
 		self.block_queue.write().unwrap().import_block(bytes)
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/engine.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engine.rs
@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ pub trait Engine : Sync + Send {

 	/// The number of additional header fields required for this engine.
 	fn seal_fields(&self) -> usize { 0 }
-	/// Default values of the additional fields RLP-encoded in a raw (non-list) harness.
-	fn seal_rlp(&self) -> Bytes { vec![] }

 	/// Additional engine-specific information for the user/developer concerning `header`.
 	fn extra_info(&self, _header: &Header) -> HashMap<String, String> { HashMap::new() }
@ -76,9 +74,20 @@ pub trait Engine : Sync + Send {
 	/// Verify a particular transaction is valid.
 	fn verify_transaction(&self, _t: &SignedTransaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> { Ok(()) }

-	/// Don't forget to call Super::populateFromParent when subclassing & overriding.
+	/// Verify the seal of a block. This is an auxilliary method that actually just calls other `verify_` methods
+	/// to get the job done. By default it must pass `verify_basic` and `verify_block_unordered`. If more or fewer
+	/// methods are needed for an Engine, this may be overridden.
+	fn verify_block_seal(&self, header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		self.verify_block_basic(header, None).and_then(|_| self.verify_block_unordered(header, None))
+	}
+
+	/// Don't forget to call Super::populate_from_parent when subclassing & overriding.
 	// TODO: consider including State in the params.
-	fn populate_from_parent(&self, _header: &mut Header, _parent: &Header) {}
+	fn populate_from_parent(&self, header: &mut Header, parent: &Header) {
+		header.difficulty = parent.difficulty;
+		header.gas_limit = parent.gas_limit;
+		header.note_dirty();
+	}

 	// TODO: builtin contract routing - to do this properly, it will require removing the built-in configuration-reading logic
 	// from Spec into here and removing the Spec::builtins field.
--- a/ethcore/src/error.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/error.rs
@ -131,25 +131,14 @@ pub enum BlockError {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 /// Import to the block queue result
 pub enum ImportError {
-	/// Bad block detected
-	Bad(Option<Error>),
-	/// Already in the block chain
+	/// Already in the block chain.
 	AlreadyInChain,
-	/// Already in the block queue
+	/// Already in the block queue.
 	AlreadyQueued,
-	/// Unknown parent
-	UnknownParent,
+	/// Already marked as bad from a previous import (could mean parent is bad).
+	KnownBad,
 }

-impl From<Error> for ImportError {
-	fn from(err: Error) -> ImportError {
-		ImportError::Bad(Some(err))
-	}
-}
-
-/// Result of import block operation.
-pub type ImportResult = Result<H256, ImportError>;
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
 /// General error type which should be capable of representing all errors in ethcore.
 pub enum Error {
@ -163,14 +152,29 @@ pub enum Error {
 	Execution(ExecutionError),
 	/// Error concerning transaction processing.
 	Transaction(TransactionError),
+	/// Error concerning block import.
+	Import(ImportError),
+	/// PoW hash is invalid or out of date.
+	PowHashInvalid,
+	/// The value of the nonce or mishash is invalid.
+	PowInvalid,
 }

+/// Result of import block operation.
+pub type ImportResult = Result<H256, Error>;
+
 impl From<TransactionError> for Error {
 	fn from(err: TransactionError) -> Error {
 		Error::Transaction(err)
 	}
 }

+impl From<ImportError> for Error {
+	fn from(err: ImportError) -> Error {
+		Error::Import(err)
+	}
+}
+
 impl From<BlockError> for Error {
 	fn from(err: BlockError) -> Error {
 		Error::Block(err)
--- a/ethcore/src/ethereum/ethash.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/ethereum/ethash.rs
@ -74,8 +74,6 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 	fn version(&self) -> SemanticVersion { SemanticVersion::new(1, 0, 0) }
 	// Two fields - mix
 	fn seal_fields(&self) -> usize { 2 }
-	// Two empty data items in RLP.
-	fn seal_rlp(&self) -> Bytes { encode(&H64::new()).to_vec() }

 	/// Additional engine-specific information for the user/developer concerning `header`.
 	fn extra_info(&self, _header: &Header) -> HashMap<String, String> { HashMap::new() }
@ -106,7 +104,7 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 				max(gas_floor_target, gas_limit - gas_limit / bound_divisor + x!(1) + (header.gas_used * x!(6) / x!(5)) / bound_divisor)
 			}
 		};
-
+		header.note_dirty();
 //		info!("ethash: populate_from_parent #{}: difficulty={} and gas_limit={}", header.number, header.difficulty, header.gas_limit);
 	}

@ -144,9 +142,10 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 		}

 		let difficulty = Ethash::boundary_to_difficulty(&Ethash::from_ethash(quick_get_difficulty(
-				&Ethash::to_ethash(header.bare_hash()),
-				header.nonce().low_u64(),
-				&Ethash::to_ethash(header.mix_hash()))));
+			&Ethash::to_ethash(header.bare_hash()),
+			header.nonce().low_u64(),
+			&Ethash::to_ethash(header.mix_hash())
+		)));
 		if difficulty < header.difficulty {
 			return Err(From::from(BlockError::InvalidProofOfWork(OutOfBounds { min: Some(header.difficulty), max: None, found: difficulty })));
 		}
@ -241,10 +240,21 @@ impl Ethash {
 		target
 	}

-	fn boundary_to_difficulty(boundary: &H256) -> U256 {
+	/// Convert an Ethash boundary to its original difficulty. Basically just `f(x) = 2^256 / x`.
+	pub fn boundary_to_difficulty(boundary: &H256) -> U256 {
 		U256::from((U512::one() << 256) / x!(U256::from(boundary.as_slice())))
 	}

+	/// Convert an Ethash difficulty to the target boundary. Basically just `f(x) = 2^256 / x`.
+	pub fn difficulty_to_boundary(difficulty: &U256) -> H256 {
+		x!(U256::from((U512::one() << 256) / x!(difficulty)))
+	}
+
+	/// Given the `block_number`, determine the seed hash for Ethash.
+	pub fn get_seedhash(number: BlockNumber) -> H256 {
+		Self::from_ethash(ethash::get_seedhash(number))
+	}
+
 	fn to_ethash(hash: H256) -> EH256 {
 		unsafe { mem::transmute(hash) }
 	}
@ -255,12 +265,20 @@ impl Ethash {
 }

 impl Header {
-	fn nonce(&self) -> H64 {
+	/// Get the none field of the header.
+	pub fn nonce(&self) -> H64 {
 		decode(&self.seal()[1])
 	}
-	fn mix_hash(&self) -> H256 {
+
+	/// Get the mix hash field of the header.
+	pub fn mix_hash(&self) -> H256 {
 		decode(&self.seal()[0])
 	}
+
+	/// Set the nonce and mix hash fields of the header.
+	pub fn set_nonce_and_mix_hash(&mut self, nonce: &H64, mix_hash: &H256) {
+		self.seal = vec![encode(mix_hash).to_vec(), encode(nonce).to_vec()];
+	}
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
--- a/ethcore/src/header.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/header.rs
@ -102,10 +102,12 @@ impl Header {
 		Self::default()
 	}

-	/// Get the number field of the header.
-	pub fn number(&self) -> BlockNumber { self.number }
+	/// Get the parent_hash field of the header.
+	pub fn parent_hash(&self) -> &H256 { &self.parent_hash }
 	/// Get the timestamp field of the header.
 	pub fn timestamp(&self) -> u64 { self.timestamp }
+	/// Get the number field of the header.
+	pub fn number(&self) -> BlockNumber { self.number }
 	/// Get the author field of the header.
 	pub fn author(&self) -> &Address { &self.author }

@ -127,11 +129,13 @@ impl Header {
 	// TODO: seal_at, set_seal_at &c.

 	/// Set the number field of the header.
-	pub fn set_number(&mut self, a: BlockNumber) { self.number = a; self.note_dirty(); }
+	pub fn set_parent_hash(&mut self, a: H256) { self.parent_hash = a; self.note_dirty(); }
 	/// Set the timestamp field of the header.
 	pub fn set_timestamp(&mut self, a: u64) { self.timestamp = a; self.note_dirty(); }
 	/// Set the timestamp field of the header to the current time.
-	pub fn set_timestamp_now(&mut self) { self.timestamp = now_utc().to_timespec().sec as u64; self.note_dirty(); }
+	pub fn set_timestamp_now(&mut self, but_later_than: u64) { self.timestamp = max(now_utc().to_timespec().sec as u64, but_later_than + 1); self.note_dirty(); }
+	/// Set the number field of the header.
+	pub fn set_number(&mut self, a: BlockNumber) { self.number = a; self.note_dirty(); }
 	/// Set the author field of the header.
 	pub fn set_author(&mut self, a: Address) { if a != self.author { self.author = a; self.note_dirty(); } }

--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/state.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/state.rs
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ declare_test!{StateTests_stSolidityTest, "StateTests/stSolidityTest"}
 declare_test!{StateTests_stSpecialTest, "StateTests/stSpecialTest"}
 declare_test!{StateTests_stSystemOperationsTest, "StateTests/stSystemOperationsTest"}
 declare_test!{StateTests_stTransactionTest, "StateTests/stTransactionTest"}
-//declare_test!{StateTests_stTransitionTest, "StateTests/stTransitionTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_stTransitionTest, "StateTests/stTransitionTest"}
 declare_test!{StateTests_stWalletTest, "StateTests/stWalletTest"}


--- a/ethcore/src/tests/client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/tests/client.rs
@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 use client::{BlockChainClient, Client, ClientConfig, BlockId};
+use block::IsBlock;
 use tests::helpers::*;
 use common::*;
 use devtools::*;
@ -106,3 +107,22 @@ fn can_collect_garbage() {
 	client.tick();
 	assert!(client.blockchain_cache_info().blocks < 100 * 1024);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn can_mine() {
+	let dummy_blocks = get_good_dummy_block_seq(2);
+	let client_result = get_test_client_with_blocks(vec![dummy_blocks[0].clone()]);
+	let client = client_result.reference();
+	let b = client.sealing_block();
+	let pow_hash = {
+		let u = b.lock().unwrap();
+		match *u {
+			Some(ref b) => {
+				assert_eq!(*b.block().header().parent_hash(), BlockView::new(&dummy_blocks[0]).header_view().sha3());
+				b.hash()
+			}
+			None => { panic!(); }
+		}	
+	};
+	assert!(client.submit_seal(pow_hash, vec![]).is_ok());
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/verification.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/verification.rs
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use engine::Engine;
 use blockchain::*;

 /// Preprocessed block data gathered in `verify_block_unordered` call
-pub struct PreVerifiedBlock {
+pub struct PreverifiedBlock {
 	/// Populated block header
 	pub header: Header,
 	/// Populated block transactions
@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ pub fn verify_block_basic(header: &Header, bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine) -> Res

 /// Phase 2 verification. Perform costly checks such as transaction signatures and block nonce for ethash.
 /// Still operates on a individual block
-/// Returns a PreVerifiedBlock structure populated with transactions
-pub fn verify_block_unordered(header: Header, bytes: Bytes, engine: &Engine) -> Result<PreVerifiedBlock, Error> {
+/// Returns a PreverifiedBlock structure populated with transactions
+pub fn verify_block_unordered(header: Header, bytes: Bytes, engine: &Engine) -> Result<PreverifiedBlock, Error> {
 	try!(engine.verify_block_unordered(&header, Some(&bytes)));
 	for u in Rlp::new(&bytes).at(2).iter().map(|rlp| rlp.as_val::<Header>()) {
 		try!(engine.verify_block_unordered(&u, None));
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub fn verify_block_unordered(header: Header, bytes: Bytes, engine: &Engine) ->
 			transactions.push(t);
 		}
 	}
-	Ok(PreVerifiedBlock {
+	Ok(PreverifiedBlock {
 		header: header,
 		transactions: transactions,
 		bytes: bytes,
--- a/parity/main.rs
+++ b/parity/main.rs
@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ Options:
  --jsonrpc-url URL        Specify URL for JSON-RPC API server [default: 127.0.0.1:8545].
  --jsonrpc-cors URL       Specify CORS header for JSON-RPC API responses [default: null].

+  --author ADDRESS         Specify the block author (aka "coinbase") address for sending block rewards
+                           from sealed blocks [default: 0037a6b811ffeb6e072da21179d11b1406371c63].
+  --extra-data STRING      Specify a custom extra-data for authored blocks, no more than 32 characters.
+
  -l --logging LOGGING     Specify the logging level.
  -v --version             Show information about version.
  -h --help                Show this screen.
@ -114,6 +118,8 @@ struct Args {
 	flag_jsonrpc_cors: String,
 	flag_logging: Option<String>,
 	flag_version: bool,
+	flag_author: String,
+	flag_extra_data: Option<String>,
 }

 fn setup_log(init: &Option<String>) {
@ -196,6 +202,18 @@ impl Configuration {
 		self.args.flag_db_path.replace("$HOME", env::home_dir().unwrap().to_str().unwrap())
 	}

+	fn author(&self) -> Address {
+		Address::from_str(&self.args.flag_author).unwrap_or_else(|_| die!("{}: Invalid address for --author. Must be 40 hex characters, without the 0x at the beginning.", self.args.flag_author))
+	}
+
+	fn extra_data(&self) -> Bytes {
+		match self.args.flag_extra_data {
+			Some(ref x) if x.len() <= 32 => x.as_bytes().to_owned(),
+			None => version_data(),
+			Some(ref x) => { die!("{}: Extra data must be at most 32 characters.", x); }
+		}
+	}
+
 	fn _keys_path(&self) -> String {
 		self.args.flag_keys_path.replace("$HOME", env::home_dir().unwrap().to_str().unwrap())
 	}
@ -296,6 +314,8 @@ impl Configuration {
 		client_config.queue.max_mem_use = self.args.flag_queue_max_size;
 		let mut service = ClientService::start(client_config, spec, net_settings, &Path::new(&self.path())).unwrap();
 		let client = service.client().clone();
+		client.set_author(self.author());
+		client.set_extra_data(self.extra_data());

 		// Sync
 		let sync = EthSync::register(service.network(), sync_config, client);
@ -354,7 +374,6 @@ impl Default for Informant {
 }

 impl Informant {
-
 	fn format_bytes(b: usize) -> String {
 		match binary_prefix(b as f64) {
 			Standalone(bytes)   => format!("{} bytes", bytes),
--- a/rpc/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rpc/Cargo.toml
@ -9,12 +9,14 @@ build = "build.rs"
 [lib]

 [dependencies]
+log = "0.3"
 serde = "0.7.0"
 serde_json = "0.7.0"
 jsonrpc-core = "1.2"
 jsonrpc-http-server = "2.1"
 ethcore-util = { path = "../util" }
 ethcore = { path = "../ethcore" }
+ethash = { path = "../ethash" }
 ethsync = { path = "../sync" }
 clippy = { version = "0.0.44", optional = true }
 rustc-serialize = "0.3"
--- a/rpc/src/v1/impls/eth.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/impls/eth.rs
@ -15,13 +15,17 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 //! Eth rpc implementation.
-use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use ethsync::{EthSync, SyncState};
 use jsonrpc_core::*;
 use util::numbers::*;
 use util::sha3::*;
+use util::standard::{RwLock, HashMap, Arc, Weak};
+use util::rlp::encode;
 use ethcore::client::*;
+use ethcore::block::{IsBlock};
 use ethcore::views::*;
+//#[macro_use] extern crate log;
+use ethcore::ethereum::Ethash;
 use ethcore::ethereum::denominations::shannon;
 use v1::traits::{Eth, EthFilter};
 use v1::types::{Block, BlockTransactions, BlockNumber, Bytes, SyncStatus, SyncInfo, Transaction, OptionalValue, Index, Filter, Log};
@ -29,7 +33,8 @@ use v1::types::{Block, BlockTransactions, BlockNumber, Bytes, SyncStatus, SyncIn
 /// Eth rpc implementation.
 pub struct EthClient {
 	client: Weak<Client>,
-	sync: Weak<EthSync>
+	sync: Weak<EthSync>,
+	hashrates: RwLock<HashMap<H256, u64>>,
 }

 impl EthClient {
@ -37,7 +42,8 @@ impl EthClient {
 	pub fn new(client: &Arc<Client>, sync: &Arc<EthSync>) -> Self {
 		EthClient {
 			client: Arc::downgrade(client),
-			sync: Arc::downgrade(sync)
+			sync: Arc::downgrade(sync),
+			hashrates: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
 		}
 	}

@ -124,7 +130,7 @@ impl Eth for EthClient {
 	// TODO: return real value of mining once it's implemented.
 	fn is_mining(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 		match params {
-			Params::None => Ok(Value::Bool(false)),
+			Params::None => to_value(&!self.hashrates.read().unwrap().is_empty()),
 			_ => Err(Error::invalid_params())
 		}
 	}
@ -132,7 +138,7 @@ impl Eth for EthClient {
 	// TODO: return real hashrate once we have mining
 	fn hashrate(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 		match params {
-			Params::None => to_value(&U256::zero()),
+			Params::None => to_value(&self.hashrates.read().unwrap().iter().fold(0u64, |sum, (_, v)| sum + v)),
 			_ => Err(Error::invalid_params())
 		}
 	}
@ -208,6 +214,43 @@ impl Eth for EthClient {
 				to_value(&logs)
 			})
 	}
+
+	fn work(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+		match params {
+			Params::None => {
+				let c = take_weak!(self.client);
+				let u = c.sealing_block().lock().unwrap();
+				match *u {
+					Some(ref b) => {
+						let pow_hash = b.hash();
+						let target = Ethash::difficulty_to_boundary(b.block().header().difficulty());
+						let seed_hash = Ethash::get_seedhash(b.block().header().number());
+						to_value(&(pow_hash, seed_hash, target))
+					}
+					_ => Err(Error::invalid_params())
+				}
+			},
+			_ => Err(Error::invalid_params())
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn submit_work(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+		from_params::<(H64, H256, H256)>(params).and_then(|(nonce, pow_hash, mix_hash)| {
+//			trace!("Decoded: nonce={}, pow_hash={}, mix_hash={}", nonce, pow_hash, mix_hash);
+			let c = take_weak!(self.client);
+			let seal = vec![encode(&mix_hash).to_vec(), encode(&nonce).to_vec()];
+			let r = c.submit_seal(pow_hash, seal);
+			to_value(&r.is_ok())
+		})
+	}
+
+	fn submit_hashrate(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+		// TODO: Index should be U256.
+		from_params::<(Index, H256)>(params).and_then(|(rate, id)| {
+			self.hashrates.write().unwrap().insert(id, rate.value() as u64);
+			to_value(&true)
+		})
+	}
 }

 /// Eth filter rpc implementation.
--- a/rpc/src/v1/impls/web3.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/impls/web3.rs
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ impl Web3 for Web3Client {
 	fn client_version(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 		match params {
 			Params::None => {
-				Ok(Value::String(version())),
+				Ok(Value::String(version().to_owned().replace("Parity/", "Parity//"))),
 			}
 			_ => Err(Error::invalid_params())
 		}
--- a/sync/src/chain.rs
+++ b/sync/src/chain.rs
@ -477,19 +477,19 @@ impl ChainSync {
 		// TODO: Decompose block and add to self.headers and self.bodies instead
 		if header.number == From::from(self.current_base_block() + 1) {
 			match io.chain().import_block(block_rlp.as_raw().to_vec()) {
-				Err(ImportError::AlreadyInChain) => {
+				Err(Error::Import(ImportError::AlreadyInChain)) => {
 					trace!(target: "sync", "New block already in chain {:?}", h);
 				},
-				Err(ImportError::AlreadyQueued) => {
+				Err(Error::Import(ImportError::AlreadyQueued)) => {
 					trace!(target: "sync", "New block already queued {:?}", h);
 				},
 				Ok(_) => {
 					self.last_imported_block = Some(header.number);
 					trace!(target: "sync", "New block queued {:?}", h);
 				},
-				Err(ImportError::UnknownParent) => {
+				Err(Error::Block(BlockError::UnknownParent(p))) => {
 					unknown = true;
-					trace!(target: "sync", "New block with unknown parent {:?}", h);
+					trace!(target: "sync", "New block with unknown parent ({:?}) {:?}", p, h);
 				},
 				Err(e) => {
 					debug!(target: "sync", "Bad new block {:?} : {:?}", h, e);
@ -781,12 +781,12 @@ impl ChainSync {
 				}

 				match io.chain().import_block(block_rlp.out()) {
-					Err(ImportError::AlreadyInChain) => {
+					Err(Error::Import(ImportError::AlreadyInChain)) => {
 						trace!(target: "sync", "Block already in chain {:?}", h);
 						self.last_imported_block = Some(headers.0 + i as BlockNumber);
 						self.last_imported_hash = Some(h.clone());
 					},
-					Err(ImportError::AlreadyQueued) => {
+					Err(Error::Import(ImportError::AlreadyQueued)) => {
 						trace!(target: "sync", "Block already queued {:?}", h);
 						self.last_imported_block = Some(headers.0 + i as BlockNumber);
 						self.last_imported_hash = Some(h.clone());
--- a/util/bigint/src/uint.rs
+++ b/util/bigint/src/uint.rs
@ -1266,6 +1266,33 @@ impl From<U512> for U256 {
 	}
 }

+impl<'a> From<&'a U256> for U512 {
+	fn from(value: &'a U256) -> U512 {
+		let U256(ref arr) = *value;
+		let mut ret = [0; 8];
+		ret[0] = arr[0];
+		ret[1] = arr[1];
+		ret[2] = arr[2];
+		ret[3] = arr[3];
+		U512(ret)
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a U512> for U256 {
+	fn from(value: &'a U512) -> U256 {
+		let U512(ref arr) = *value;
+		if arr[4] | arr[5] | arr[6] | arr[7] != 0 {
+			panic!("Overflow");
+		}
+		let mut ret = [0; 4];
+		ret[0] = arr[0];
+		ret[1] = arr[1];
+		ret[2] = arr[2];
+		ret[3] = arr[3];
+		U256(ret)
+	}
+}
+
 impl From<U256> for U128 {
 	fn from(value: U256) -> U128 {
 		let U256(ref arr) = value;
--- a/util/src/misc.rs
+++ b/util/src/misc.rs
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@

 use std::fs::File;
 use common::*;
+use rlp::{Stream, RlpStream};
 use target_info::Target;
 use rustc_version;

@ -69,5 +70,19 @@ pub fn contents(name: &str) -> Result<Bytes, UtilError> {

 /// Get the standard version string for this software.
 pub fn version() -> String {
-	format!("Parity//{}-{}-{}/{}-{}-{}/rustc{}", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"), short_sha(), commit_date().replace("-", ""), Target::arch(), Target::os(), Target::env(), rustc_version::version())
+	format!("Parity/v{}-{}-{}/{}-{}-{}/rustc{}", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"), short_sha(), commit_date().replace("-", ""), Target::arch(), Target::os(), Target::env(), rustc_version::version())
+}
+
+/// Get the standard version data for this software.
+pub fn version_data() -> Bytes {
+	let mut s = RlpStream::new_list(4);
+	let v =
+		(u32::from_str(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION_MAJOR")).unwrap() << 16) +
+		(u32::from_str(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION_MINOR")).unwrap() << 8) +
+		u32::from_str(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION_PATCH")).unwrap();
+	s.append(&v);
+	s.append(&"Parity");
+	s.append(&format!("{}", rustc_version::version()));
+	s.append(&&Target::os()[0..2]);
+	s.out()
 }