Merge branch 'master' into Fix-4858

2017-08-29 15:11:05 +02:00 · 2017-08-29 15:11:05 +02:00 · 50495c6898
parent bfd238e000 d520aa2633
commit 50495c6898
275 changed files with 6719 additions and 3562 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
 _Before filing a new issue, please **provide the following information**._
 > I'm running:
 >
 > - **Parity version**: 0.0.0
 > - **Operating system**: Windows / MacOS / Linux
 > - **And installed**: via installer / homebrew / binaries / from source
 _Your issue description goes here below. Try to include **actual** vs. **expected behavior** and **steps to reproduce** the issue._
 ---
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@ -125,10 +125,11 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
 name = "bigint"
-version = "3.0.0"
+version = "4.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
 "byteorder 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "crunchy 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "heapsize 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc-hex 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc_version 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ name = "bloomable"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "ethcore-bigint 0.1.3",
- "tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -301,6 +302,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "ethcore-util 1.8.0",
 "ethjson 0.1.0",
 "rlp 0.2.0",
 "rlp_derive 0.1.0",
 "rustc-hex 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@ -345,7 +347,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
 name = "crunchy"
-version = "0.1.3"
+version = "0.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
@ -470,14 +472,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde 1.0.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_derive 1.0.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_json 1.0.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "ethash"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
- "crunchy 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "crunchy 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "parking_lot 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "primal 0.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -526,6 +528,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "price-info 1.7.0",
 "rand 0.3.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rlp 0.2.0",
 "rlp_derive 0.1.0",
 "rust-crypto 0.2.36 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc-hex 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "semver 0.6.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -542,9 +545,10 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "ethcore-bigint"
 version = "0.1.3"
 dependencies = [
- "bigint 3.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "bigint 4.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "heapsize 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "libc 0.2.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "plain_hasher 0.1.0",
 "rand 0.3.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc-hex 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@ -652,6 +656,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rand 0.3.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rlp 0.2.0",
 "rlp_derive 0.1.0",
 "serde 1.0.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_derive 1.0.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "smallvec 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -702,7 +707,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "rustc-serialize 0.3.19 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "slab 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "time 0.1.35 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -723,6 +728,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "futures 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "futures-cpupool 0.1.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "hyper 0.10.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "lazy_static 0.2.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "native-contracts 0.1.0",
 "parking_lot 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -772,7 +778,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "ethcore-devtools 1.8.0",
 "ethcore-logger 1.8.0",
 "heapsize 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "itertools 0.5.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "libc 0.2.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "lru-cache 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -787,7 +792,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "sha3 0.1.0",
 "target_info 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "time 0.1.35 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "vergen 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@ -800,7 +805,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "ethkey 0.2.0",
 "rust-crypto 0.2.36 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "subtle 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -826,7 +831,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "rand 0.3.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rust-crypto 0.2.36 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc-hex 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -862,7 +867,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "smallvec 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "tempdir 0.3.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "time 0.1.35 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -931,6 +936,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "docopt 0.8.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "ethcore 1.8.0",
 "ethcore-util 1.8.0",
 "ethjson 0.1.0",
 "evm 0.1.0",
 "panic_hook 0.1.0",
 "rustc-hex 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -943,7 +949,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "evmjit"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
- "tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -1216,7 +1222,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-core"
 version = "7.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#4d3ec22c7aba426988a678b489b2791e95283699"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#b5490782884218c5ccf74cd61e54904cb3a3aeed"
 dependencies = [
 "futures 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -1228,7 +1234,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-http-server"
 version = "7.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#4d3ec22c7aba426988a678b489b2791e95283699"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#b5490782884218c5ccf74cd61e54904cb3a3aeed"
 dependencies = [
 "hyper 0.10.0-a.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/hyper)",
 "jsonrpc-core 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
@ -1241,7 +1247,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-ipc-server"
 version = "7.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#4d3ec22c7aba426988a678b489b2791e95283699"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#b5490782884218c5ccf74cd61e54904cb3a3aeed"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes 0.4.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "jsonrpc-core 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
@ -1254,7 +1260,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-macros"
 version = "7.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#4d3ec22c7aba426988a678b489b2791e95283699"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#b5490782884218c5ccf74cd61e54904cb3a3aeed"
 dependencies = [
 "jsonrpc-core 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
 "jsonrpc-pubsub 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
@ -1264,7 +1270,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-minihttp-server"
 version = "7.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#4d3ec22c7aba426988a678b489b2791e95283699"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#b5490782884218c5ccf74cd61e54904cb3a3aeed"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes 0.4.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "jsonrpc-core 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
@ -1279,7 +1285,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-pubsub"
 version = "7.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#4d3ec22c7aba426988a678b489b2791e95283699"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#b5490782884218c5ccf74cd61e54904cb3a3aeed"
 dependencies = [
 "jsonrpc-core 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -1289,7 +1295,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-server-utils"
 version = "7.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#4d3ec22c7aba426988a678b489b2791e95283699"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#b5490782884218c5ccf74cd61e54904cb3a3aeed"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes 0.4.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "globset 0.1.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -1302,7 +1308,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-tcp-server"
 version = "7.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#4d3ec22c7aba426988a678b489b2791e95283699"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#b5490782884218c5ccf74cd61e54904cb3a3aeed"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes 0.4.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "jsonrpc-core 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
@ -1316,7 +1322,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-ws-server"
 version = "7.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#4d3ec22c7aba426988a678b489b2791e95283699"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7#b5490782884218c5ccf74cd61e54904cb3a3aeed"
 dependencies = [
 "jsonrpc-core 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
 "jsonrpc-server-utils 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
@ -1545,7 +1551,7 @@ version = "0.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
 "ring 0.9.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -1580,7 +1586,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "byteorder 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "ethabi 2.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethcore-util 1.8.0",
+ "ethcore-bigint 0.1.3",
 "futures 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "native-contract-generator 0.1.0",
 ]
@ -1609,6 +1615,34 @@ dependencies = [
 "ws2_32-sys 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "node-filter"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
 "ethcore 1.8.0",
 "ethcore-io 1.8.0",
 "ethcore-network 1.8.0",
 "ethcore-util 1.8.0",
 "futures 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "native-contracts 0.1.0",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "node-health"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "futures 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "futures-cpupool 0.1.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "ntp 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "parity-reactor 0.1.0",
 "parking_lot 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde 1.0.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_derive 1.0.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "time 0.1.35 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "nodrop"
 version = "0.1.9"
@ -1786,7 +1820,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "parity"
-version = "1.7.0"
+version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
 "ansi_term 0.9.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "app_dirs 1.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@ -1817,6 +1851,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "isatty 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "jsonrpc-core 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "node-filter 1.8.0",
 "node-health 0.1.0",
 "num_cpus 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "number_prefix 0.2.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "panic_hook 0.1.0",
@ -1858,14 +1894,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "ethcore-util 1.8.0",
 "fetch 0.1.0",
 "futures 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "futures-cpupool 0.1.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "itertools 0.5.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "jsonrpc-core 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
 "jsonrpc-http-server 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
 "linked-hash-map 0.3.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "mime 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "mime_guess 1.6.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ntp 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "node-health 0.1.0",
 "parity-dapps-glue 1.7.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "parity-hash-fetch 1.8.0",
 "parity-reactor 0.1.0",
@ -1970,6 +2006,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "fetch 0.1.0",
 "futures 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "futures-cpupool 0.1.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "itertools 0.5.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "jsonrpc-core 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
 "jsonrpc-http-server 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
 "jsonrpc-ipc-server 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
@ -1979,6 +2016,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "jsonrpc-ws-server 7.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git?branch=parity-1.7)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "multihash 0.6.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "node-health 0.1.0",
 "order-stat 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "parity-reactor 0.1.0",
 "parity-updater 1.8.0",
@ -2052,7 +2090,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "parity-ui-precompiled"
 version = "1.4.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/js-precompiled.git#06f77d96f1b1a771d643f07b60c802d448b6415c"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/js-precompiled.git#d809723e58bcb36c0f8d2eca5ca94abbb3690544"
 dependencies = [
 "parity-dapps-glue 1.7.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@ -2113,7 +2151,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "slab 0.3.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "smallvec 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "time 0.1.35 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -2191,6 +2229,13 @@ name = "pkg-config"
 version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
 name = "plain_hasher"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "crunchy 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "podio"
 version = "0.1.5"
@ -2208,10 +2253,10 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "price-info"
 version = "1.7.0"
 dependencies = [
 "ethcore-util 1.8.0",
 "fetch 0.1.0",
 "futures 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "parking_lot 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_json 1.0.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@ -2304,7 +2349,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "0.3.10"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
@ -2395,6 +2440,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "rustc-hex 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "rlp_derive"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "quote 0.3.15 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rlp 0.2.0",
 "syn 0.11.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "rocksdb"
 version = "0.4.5"
@ -2452,7 +2506,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "rpc-cli"
 version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
- "bigint 3.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "bigint 4.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "ethcore-util 1.8.0",
 "futures 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "parity-rpc 1.8.0",
@ -2587,7 +2641,7 @@ name = "serde_derive"
 version = "1.0.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
- "quote 0.3.10 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "quote 0.3.15 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_derive_internals 0.15.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "syn 0.11.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@ -2729,7 +2783,7 @@ name = "syn"
 version = "0.11.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
- "quote 0.3.10 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "quote 0.3.15 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "synom 0.11.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "unicode-xid 0.0.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@ -2863,7 +2917,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "tiny-keccak"
-version = "1.2.1"
+version = "1.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
@ -3230,7 +3284,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum backtrace-sys 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "3a0d842ea781ce92be2bf78a9b38883948542749640b8378b3b2f03d1fd9f1ff"
 "checksum base-x 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2f59103b47307f76e03bef1633aec7fa9e29bfb5aa6daf5a334f94233c71f6c1"
 "checksum base32 0.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "1b9605ba46d61df0410d8ac686b0007add8172eba90e8e909c347856fe794d8c"
-"checksum bigint 3.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "1d0673c930652d3d4d6dcd5c45b5db4fa5f8f33994d7323618c43c083b223e8c"
+"checksum bigint 4.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "f56c9f1cd09cdcafcccdab1fd58797d39b7d4d203238b2e3768807590723bdf0"
 "checksum bincode 0.8.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "e103c8b299b28a9c6990458b7013dc4a8356a9b854c51b9883241f5866fac36e"
 "checksum bit-set 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "e6e1e6fb1c9e3d6fcdec57216a74eaa03e41f52a22f13a16438251d8e88b89da"
 "checksum bit-set 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d9bf6104718e80d7b26a68fdbacff3481cfc05df670821affc7e9cbc1884400c"
@ -3255,7 +3309,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum core-foundation 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "20a6d0448d3a99d977ae4a2aa5a98d886a923e863e81ad9ff814645b6feb3bbd"
 "checksum core-foundation-sys 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "05eed248dc504a5391c63794fe4fb64f46f071280afaa1b73308f3c0ce4574c5"
 "checksum crossbeam 0.2.10 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "0c5ea215664ca264da8a9d9c3be80d2eaf30923c259d03e870388eb927508f97"
-"checksum crunchy 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "e6aa9cb5f2d7bffc4eecfaf924fe450549dc4f0c3a6502298dc24f968b1eabbe"
+"checksum crunchy 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "a2f4a431c5c9f662e1200b7c7f02c34e91361150e382089a8f2dec3ba680cbda"
 "checksum crypt32-sys 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "e34988f7e069e0b2f3bfc064295161e489b2d4e04a2e4248fb94360cdf00b4ec"
 "checksum ctrlc 1.1.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/rust-ctrlc.git)" = "<none>"
 "checksum custom_derive 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "ef8ae57c4978a2acd8b869ce6b9ca1dfe817bff704c220209fdef2c0b75a01b9"
@ -3383,7 +3437,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum quasi_macros 0.32.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "29cec87bc2816766d7e4168302d505dd06b0a825aed41b00633d296e922e02dd"
 "checksum quick-error 1.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "0aad603e8d7fb67da22dbdf1f4b826ce8829e406124109e73cf1b2454b93a71c"
 "checksum quine-mc_cluskey 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "a6683b0e23d80813b1a535841f0048c1537d3f86d63c999e8373b39a9b0eb74a"
-"checksum quote 0.3.10 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6732e32663c9c271bfc7c1823486b471f18c47a2dbf87c066897b7b51afc83be"
+"checksum quote 0.3.15 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "7a6e920b65c65f10b2ae65c831a81a073a89edd28c7cce89475bff467ab4167a"
 "checksum rand 0.3.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2791d88c6defac799c3f20d74f094ca33b9332612d9aef9078519c82e4fe04a5"
 "checksum rayon 0.7.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "8c83adcb08e5b922e804fe1918142b422602ef11f2fd670b0b52218cb5984a20"
 "checksum rayon-core 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "767d91bacddf07d442fe39257bf04fd95897d1c47c545d009f6beb03efd038f8"
@ -3446,7 +3500,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum thread-id 3.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "4437c97558c70d129e40629a5b385b3fb1ffac301e63941335e4d354081ec14a"
 "checksum thread_local 0.3.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "c85048c6260d17cf486ceae3282d9fb6b90be220bf5b28c400f5485ffc29f0c7"
 "checksum time 0.1.35 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "3c7ec6d62a20df54e07ab3b78b9a3932972f4b7981de295563686849eb3989af"
-"checksum tiny-keccak 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "0b50173faa6ee499206f77b189d7ff3bef40f6969f228c9ec22b82080df9aa41"
+"checksum tiny-keccak 1.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d52d12ad79e4063e0cb0ca5efa202ed7244b6ce4d25f4d3abe410b2a66128292"
 "checksum tokio-core 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "99e958104a67877907c1454386d5482fe8e965a55d60be834a15a44328e7dc76"
 "checksum tokio-io 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "48f55df1341bb92281f229a6030bc2abffde2c7a44c6d6b802b7687dd8be0775"
 "checksum tokio-minihttp 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomusdrw/tokio-minihttp)" = "<none>"
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 description = "Parity Ethereum client"
 name = "parity"
-version = "1.7.0"
+version = "1.8.0"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 build = "build.rs"
@ -42,7 +42,9 @@ ethcore-light = { path = "ethcore/light" }
 ethcore-logger = { path = "logger" }
 ethcore-stratum = { path = "stratum" }
 ethcore-network = { path = "util/network" }
 node-filter = { path = "ethcore/node_filter" }
 ethkey = { path = "ethkey" }
 node-health = { path = "dapps/node-health" }
 rlp = { path = "util/rlp" }
 rpc-cli = { path = "rpc_cli" }
 parity-hash-fetch = { path = "hash-fetch" }
@ -110,4 +112,4 @@ lto = false
 panic = "abort"
 [workspace]
-members = ["ethstore/cli", "ethkey/cli", "evmbin", "whisper", "chainspec"]
+members = ["ethstore/cli", "ethkey/cli", "evmbin", "whisper", "chainspec", "dapps/node-health"]
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,61 +1,47 @@
-# [Parity](https://parity.io/parity.html)
+# [Parity](https://parity.io/parity.html) - fast, light, and robust Ethereum client
 ### Fast, light, and robust Ethereum implementation
-### [Download latest release](https://github.com/paritytech/parity/releases)
+[![build status](https://gitlab.parity.io/parity/parity/badges/master/build.svg)](https://gitlab.parity.io/parity/parity/commits/master)
 [![Snap Status](https://build.snapcraft.io/badge/paritytech/parity.svg)](https://build.snapcraft.io/user/paritytech/parity)
 [![GPLv3](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-GPL%20v3-green.svg)](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html)
-[![build status](https://gitlab.parity.io/parity/parity/badges/master/build.svg)](https://gitlab.parity.io/parity/parity/commits/master) [![Coverage Status][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]  [![GPLv3][license-image]][license-url] [![Snap Status](https://build.snapcraft.io/badge/paritytech/parity.svg)](https://build.snapcraft.io/user/paritytech/parity)
+- [Download the latest release here.](https://github.com/paritytech/parity/releases)
 ### Join the chat!
-Parity [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/ethcore/parity][gitter-image]][gitter-url] and
+Get in touch with us on Gitter:
-parity.js [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/ethcore/parity.js](https://badges.gitter.im/ethcore/parity.js.svg)](https://gitter.im/ethcore/parity.js?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
+[![Gitter: Parity](https://img.shields.io/badge/gitter-parity-4AB495.svg)](https://gitter.im/paritytech/parity)
-
+[![Gitter: Parity.js](https://img.shields.io/badge/gitter-parity.js-4AB495.svg)](https://gitter.im/paritytech/parity.js)
-[Internal Documentation][doc-url]
+[![Gitter: Parity/Miners](https://img.shields.io/badge/gitter-parity/miners-4AB495.svg)](https://gitter.im/paritytech/parity/miners)
-
+[![Gitter: Parity-PoA](https://img.shields.io/badge/gitter-parity--poa-4AB495.svg)](https://gitter.im/paritytech/parity-poa)
 Be sure to check out [our wiki][wiki-url] for more information.
 [coveralls-image]: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/paritytech/parity/badge.svg?branch=master
 [coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/github/paritytech/parity?branch=master
 [gitter-image]: https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg
 [gitter-url]: https://gitter.im/ethcore/parity?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge
 [license-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/license-GPL%20v3-green.svg
 [license-url]: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html
 [doc-url]: https://paritytech.github.io/parity/ethcore/index.html
 [wiki-url]: https://github.com/paritytech/parity/wiki
 Be sure to check out [our wiki](https://github.com/paritytech/parity/wiki) and the [internal documentation](https://paritytech.github.io/parity/ethcore/index.html) for more information.
 ----
 ## About Parity
-Parity's goal is to be the fastest, lightest, and most secure Ethereum client. We are developing Parity using the sophisticated and
+Parity's goal is to be the fastest, lightest, and most secure Ethereum client. We are developing Parity using the sophisticated and cutting-edge Rust programming language. Parity is licensed under the GPLv3, and can be used for all your Ethereum needs.
-cutting-edge Rust programming language. Parity is licensed under the GPLv3, and can be used for all your Ethereum needs.
+
 Parity comes with a built-in wallet. To access [Parity Wallet](http://web3.site/) simply go to http://web3.site/ (if you don't have access to the internet, but still want to use the service, you can also use http://127.0.0.1:8180/). It includes various functionality allowing you to:
 Parity comes with a built-in wallet. To access [Parity Wallet](http://web3.site/) simply go to http://web3.site/ (if you don't have access to the internet, but still want to use the service, you can also use http://127.0.0.1:8180/). It
 includes various functionality allowing you to:
 - create and manage your Ethereum accounts;
 - manage your Ether and any Ethereum tokens;
 - create and register your own tokens;
 - and much more.
-By default, Parity will also run a JSONRPC server on `127.0.0.1:8545`. This is fully configurable and supports a number
+By default, Parity will also run a JSONRPC server on `127.0.0.1:8545`. This is fully configurable and supports a number of RPC APIs.
 of RPC APIs.
-If you run into an issue while using parity, feel free to file one in this repository
+If you run into an issue while using parity, feel free to file one in this repository or hop on our [gitter chat room](https://gitter.im/paritytech/parity) to ask a question. We are glad to help!
 or hop on our [gitter chat room][gitter-url] to ask a question. We are glad to help!
 **For security-critical issues**, please refer to the security policy outlined in `SECURITY.MD`.
-Parity's current release is 1.6. You can download it at https://github.com/paritytech/parity/releases or follow the instructions
+Parity's current release is 1.7. You can download it at https://github.com/paritytech/parity/releases or follow the instructions below to build from source.
 below to build from source.
 ----
 ## Build dependencies
-**Parity requires Rust version 1.18.0 to build**
+**Parity requires Rust version 1.19.0 to build**
 We recommend installing Rust through [rustup](https://www.rustup.rs/). If you don't already have rustup, you can install it like this:
--- a/dapps/Cargo.toml
+++ b/dapps/Cargo.toml
@ -9,15 +9,12 @@ authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 [dependencies]
 base32 = "0.3"
 env_logger = "0.4"
 futures = "0.1"
 futures-cpupool = "0.1"
 linked-hash-map = "0.3"
 log = "0.3"
 parity-dapps-glue = "1.7"
 mime = "0.2"
 mime_guess = "1.6.1"
 ntp = "0.2.0"
 rand = "0.3"
 rustc-hex = "1.0"
 serde = "1.0"
@ -27,19 +24,24 @@ time = "0.1.35"
 unicase = "1.3"
 url = "1.0"
 zip = { version = "0.1", default-features = false }
 itertools = "0.5"
 jsonrpc-core = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git", branch = "parity-1.7" }
 jsonrpc-http-server = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git", branch = "parity-1.7" }
 ethcore-devtools = { path = "../devtools" }
 ethcore-util = { path = "../util" }
 fetch = { path = "../util/fetch" }
 node-health = { path = "./node-health" }
 parity-hash-fetch = { path = "../hash-fetch" }
 parity-reactor = { path = "../util/reactor" }
 parity-ui = { path = "./ui" }
 clippy = { version = "0.0.103", optional = true}
 [dev-dependencies]
 env_logger = "0.4"
 ethcore-devtools = { path = "../devtools" }
 [features]
 dev = ["clippy", "ethcore-util/dev"]
--- a/dapps/node-health/Cargo.toml
+++ b/dapps/node-health/Cargo.toml
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 [package]
 name = "node-health"
 description = "Node's health status"
 version = "0.1.0"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 [dependencies]
 futures = "0.1"
 futures-cpupool = "0.1"
 log = "0.3"
 ntp = "0.2.0"
 parking_lot = "0.4"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 time = "0.1.35"
 parity-reactor = { path = "../../util/reactor" }
--- a/dapps/node-health/src/health.rs
+++ b/dapps/node-health/src/health.rs
@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
 // Copyright 2015-2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
 // This file is part of Parity.
 // Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 // (at your option) any later version.
 // Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 //! Reporting node's health.
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time;
 use futures::{Future, BoxFuture};
 use futures::sync::oneshot;
 use types::{HealthInfo, HealthStatus, Health};
 use time::{TimeChecker, MAX_DRIFT};
 use parity_reactor::Remote;
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use {SyncStatus};
 const TIMEOUT_SECS: u64 = 5;
 const PROOF: &str = "Only one closure is invoked.";
 /// A struct enabling you to query for node's health.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct NodeHealth {
 	sync_status: Arc<SyncStatus>,
 	time: TimeChecker,
 	remote: Remote,
 }
 impl NodeHealth {
 	/// Creates new `NodeHealth`.
 	pub fn new(sync_status: Arc<SyncStatus>, time: TimeChecker, remote: Remote) -> Self {
 		NodeHealth { sync_status, time, remote, }
 	}
 	/// Query latest health report.
 	pub fn health(&self) -> BoxFuture<Health, ()> {
 		trace!(target: "dapps", "Checking node health.");
 		// Check timediff
 		let sync_status = self.sync_status.clone();
 		let time = self.time.time_drift();
 		let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
 		let tx = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Some(tx)));
 		let tx2 = tx.clone();
 		self.remote.spawn_with_timeout(
 			move || time.then(move |result| {
 				let _ = tx.lock().take().expect(PROOF).send(Ok(result));
 				Ok(())
 			}),
 			time::Duration::from_secs(TIMEOUT_SECS),
 			move || {
 				let _ = tx2.lock().take().expect(PROOF).send(Err(()));
 			},
 		);
 		rx.map_err(|err| {
 			warn!(target: "dapps", "Health request cancelled: {:?}", err);
 		}).and_then(move |time| {
 			// Check peers
 			let peers = {
 				let (connected, max) = sync_status.peers();
 				let (status, message) = match connected {
 					0 => {
 						(HealthStatus::Bad, "You are not connected to any peers. There is most likely some network issue. Fix connectivity.".into())
 					},
 					1 => (HealthStatus::NeedsAttention, "You are connected to only one peer. Your node might not be reliable. Check your network connection.".into()),
 					_ => (HealthStatus::Ok, "".into()),
 				};
 				HealthInfo { status, message, details: (connected, max) }
 			};
 			// Check sync
 			let sync = {
 				let is_syncing = sync_status.is_major_importing();
 				let (status, message) = if is_syncing {
 					(HealthStatus::NeedsAttention, "Your node is still syncing, the values you see might be outdated. Wait until it's fully synced.".into())
 				} else {
 					(HealthStatus::Ok, "".into())
 				};
 				HealthInfo { status, message, details: is_syncing }
 			};
 			// Check time
 			let time = {
 				let (status, message, details) = match time {
 					Ok(Ok(diff)) if diff < MAX_DRIFT && diff > -MAX_DRIFT => {
 						(HealthStatus::Ok, "".into(), diff)
 					},
 					Ok(Ok(diff)) => {
 						(HealthStatus::Bad, format!(
 							"Your clock is not in sync. Detected difference is too big for the protocol to work: {}ms. Synchronize your clock.",
 							diff,
 						), diff)
 					},
 					Ok(Err(err)) => {
 						(HealthStatus::NeedsAttention, format!(
 							"Unable to reach time API: {}. Make sure that your clock is synchronized.",
 							err,
 						), 0)
 					},
 					Err(_) => {
 						(HealthStatus::NeedsAttention, "Time API request timed out. Make sure that the clock is synchronized.".into(), 0)
 					},
 				};
 				HealthInfo { status, message, details, }
 			};
 			Ok(Health { peers, sync, time})
 		}).boxed()
 	}
 }
--- a/dapps/node-health/src/lib.rs
+++ b/dapps/node-health/src/lib.rs
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
 // Copyright 2015-2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
 // This file is part of Parity.
 // Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 // (at your option) any later version.
 // Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 //! Node Health status reporting.
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
 extern crate futures;
 extern crate futures_cpupool;
 extern crate ntp;
 extern crate time as time_crate;
 extern crate parity_reactor;
 extern crate parking_lot;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate log;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate serde_derive;
 mod health;
 mod time;
 mod types;
 pub use futures_cpupool::CpuPool;
 pub use health::NodeHealth;
 pub use types::{Health, HealthInfo, HealthStatus};
 pub use time::{TimeChecker, Error};
 /// Indicates sync status
 pub trait SyncStatus: ::std::fmt::Debug + Send + Sync {
 	/// Returns true if there is a major sync happening.
 	fn is_major_importing(&self) -> bool;
 	/// Returns number of connected and ideal peers.
 	fn peers(&self) -> (usize, usize);
 }
--- a/dapps/node-health/src/time.rs
+++ b/dapps/node-health/src/time.rs
@ -33,18 +33,22 @@
 use std::io;
 use std::{fmt, mem, time};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::sync::atomic::{self, AtomicUsize};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use futures::{self, Future, BoxFuture};
-use futures_cpupool::CpuPool;
+use futures::future::{self, IntoFuture};
 use futures_cpupool::{CpuPool, CpuFuture};
 use ntp;
-use time::{Duration, Timespec};
+use parking_lot::RwLock;
-use util::RwLock;
+use time_crate::{Duration, Timespec};
 /// Time checker error.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Error {
 	/// No servers are currently available for a query.
 	NoServersAvailable,
 	/// There was an error when trying to reach the NTP server.
 	Ntp(String),
 	/// IO error when reading NTP response.
@ -56,6 +60,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for Error {
 		use self::Error::*;
 		match *self {
 			NoServersAvailable => write!(fmt, "No NTP servers available"),
 			Ntp(ref err) => write!(fmt, "NTP error: {}", err),
 			Io(ref err) => write!(fmt, "Connection Error: {}", err),
 		}
@ -72,58 +77,123 @@ impl From<ntp::errors::Error> for Error {
 /// NTP time drift checker.
 pub trait Ntp {
 	/// Returned Future.
 	type Future: IntoFuture<Item=Duration, Error=Error>;
 	/// Returns the current time drift.
-	fn drift(&self) -> BoxFuture<Duration, Error>;
+	fn drift(&self) -> Self::Future;
 }
 const SERVER_MAX_POLL_INTERVAL_SECS: u64 = 60;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct Server {
 	pub address: String,
 	next_call: RwLock<time::Instant>,
 	failures: AtomicUsize,
 }
 impl Server {
 	pub fn is_available(&self) -> bool {
 		*self.next_call.read() < time::Instant::now()
 	}
 	pub fn report_success(&self) {
 		self.failures.store(0, atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
 		self.update_next_call(1)
 	}
 	pub fn report_failure(&self) {
 		let errors = self.failures.fetch_add(1, atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
 		self.update_next_call(1 << errors)
 	}
 	fn update_next_call(&self, delay: usize) {
 		*self.next_call.write() = time::Instant::now() + time::Duration::from_secs(delay as u64 * SERVER_MAX_POLL_INTERVAL_SECS);
 	}
 }
 impl<T: AsRef<str>> From<T> for Server {
 	fn from(t: T) -> Self {
 		Server {
 			address: t.as_ref().to_owned(),
 			next_call: RwLock::new(time::Instant::now()),
 			failures: Default::default(),
 		}
 	}
 }
 /// NTP client using the SNTP algorithm for calculating drift.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SimpleNtp {
-	address: Arc<String>,
+	addresses: Vec<Arc<Server>>,
 	pool: CpuPool,
 }
 impl fmt::Debug for SimpleNtp {
 	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-		write!(f, "Ntp {{ address: {} }}", self.address)
+		f
 			.debug_struct("SimpleNtp")
 			.field("addresses", &self.addresses)
 			.finish()
 	}
 }
 impl SimpleNtp {
-	fn new(address: &str, pool: CpuPool) -> SimpleNtp {
+	fn new<T: AsRef<str>>(addresses: &[T], pool: CpuPool) -> SimpleNtp {
 		SimpleNtp {
-			address: Arc::new(address.to_owned()),
+			addresses: addresses.iter().map(Server::from).map(Arc::new).collect(),
 			pool: pool,
 		}
 	}
 }
 impl Ntp for SimpleNtp {
-	fn drift(&self) -> BoxFuture<Duration, Error> {
+	type Future = future::Either<
-		let address = self.address.clone();
+		CpuFuture<Duration, Error>,
-		if &*address == "none" {
+		future::FutureResult<Duration, Error>,
-			return futures::future::err(Error::Ntp("NTP server is not provided.".into())).boxed();
+	>;
 		}
-		self.pool.spawn_fn(move || {
+	fn drift(&self) -> Self::Future {
-			let packet = ntp::request(&*address)?;
+		use self::future::Either::{A, B};
 			let dest_time = ::time::now_utc().to_timespec();
 			let orig_time = Timespec::from(packet.orig_time);
 			let recv_time = Timespec::from(packet.recv_time);
 			let transmit_time = Timespec::from(packet.transmit_time);
-			let drift = ((recv_time - orig_time) + (transmit_time - dest_time)) / 2;
+		let server = self.addresses.iter().find(|server| server.is_available());
 		server.map(|server| {
 			let server = server.clone();
 			A(self.pool.spawn_fn(move || {
 				debug!(target: "dapps", "Fetching time from {}.", server.address);
-			Ok(drift)
+				match ntp::request(&server.address) {
-		}).boxed()
+					Ok(packet) => {
 						let dest_time = ::time_crate::now_utc().to_timespec();
 						let orig_time = Timespec::from(packet.orig_time);
 						let recv_time = Timespec::from(packet.recv_time);
 						let transmit_time = Timespec::from(packet.transmit_time);
 						let drift = ((recv_time - orig_time) + (transmit_time - dest_time)) / 2;
 						server.report_success();
 						Ok(drift)
 					},
 					Err(err) => {
 						server.report_failure();
 						Err(err.into())
 					},
 				}
 			}))
 		}).unwrap_or_else(|| B(future::err(Error::NoServersAvailable)))
 	}
 }
 // NOTE In a positive scenario first results will be seen after:
-// MAX_RESULTS * UPDATE_TIMEOUT_OK_SECS seconds.
+// MAX_RESULTS * UPDATE_TIMEOUT_INCOMPLETE_SECS seconds.
-const MAX_RESULTS: usize = 7;
+const MAX_RESULTS: usize = 4;
-const UPDATE_TIMEOUT_OK_SECS: u64 = 30;
+const UPDATE_TIMEOUT_OK_SECS: u64 = 6 * 60 * 60;
-const UPDATE_TIMEOUT_ERR_SECS: u64 = 2;
+const UPDATE_TIMEOUT_WARN_SECS: u64 = 15 * 60;
 const UPDATE_TIMEOUT_ERR_SECS: u64 = 60;
 const UPDATE_TIMEOUT_INCOMPLETE_SECS: u64 = 10;
 /// Maximal valid time drift.
 pub const MAX_DRIFT: i64 = 500;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 /// A time checker.
@ -134,13 +204,13 @@ pub struct TimeChecker<N: Ntp = SimpleNtp> {
 impl TimeChecker<SimpleNtp> {
 	/// Creates new time checker given the NTP server address.
-	pub fn new(ntp_address: String, pool: CpuPool) -> Self {
+	pub fn new<T: AsRef<str>>(ntp_addresses: &[T], pool: CpuPool) -> Self {
 		let last_result = Arc::new(RwLock::new(
 			// Assume everything is ok at the very beginning.
 			(time::Instant::now(), vec![Ok(0)].into())
 		));
-		let ntp = SimpleNtp::new(&ntp_address, pool);
+		let ntp = SimpleNtp::new(ntp_addresses, pool);
 		TimeChecker {
 			ntp,
@ -149,22 +219,34 @@ impl TimeChecker<SimpleNtp> {
 	}
 }
-impl<N: Ntp> TimeChecker<N> {
+impl<N: Ntp> TimeChecker<N> where <N::Future as IntoFuture>::Future: Send + 'static {
 	/// Updates the time
 	pub fn update(&self) -> BoxFuture<i64, Error> {
 		trace!(target: "dapps", "Updating time from NTP.");
 		let last_result = self.last_result.clone();
-		self.ntp.drift().then(move |res| {
+		self.ntp.drift().into_future().then(move |res| {
 			let res = res.map(|d| d.num_milliseconds());
 			if let Err(Error::NoServersAvailable) = res {
 				debug!(target: "dapps", "No NTP servers available. Selecting an older result.");
 				return select_result(last_result.read().1.iter());
 			}
 			// Update the results.
 			let mut results = mem::replace(&mut last_result.write().1, VecDeque::new());
 			let has_all_results = results.len() >= MAX_RESULTS;
 			let valid_till = time::Instant::now() + time::Duration::from_secs(
-				if res.is_ok() && results.len() == MAX_RESULTS {
+				match res {
-					UPDATE_TIMEOUT_OK_SECS
+					Ok(time) if has_all_results && time < MAX_DRIFT => UPDATE_TIMEOUT_OK_SECS,
-				} else {
+					Ok(_) if has_all_results => UPDATE_TIMEOUT_WARN_SECS,
-					UPDATE_TIMEOUT_ERR_SECS
+					Err(_) if has_all_results => UPDATE_TIMEOUT_ERR_SECS,
 					_ => UPDATE_TIMEOUT_INCOMPLETE_SECS,
 				}
 			);
 			trace!(target: "dapps", "New time drift received: {:?}", res);
 			// Push the result.
-			results.push_back(res.map(|d| d.num_milliseconds()));
+			results.push_back(res);
 			while results.len() > MAX_RESULTS {
 				results.pop_front();
 			}
@ -209,9 +291,9 @@ mod tests {
 	use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 	use std::time::Instant;
 	use time::Duration;
-	use futures::{self, BoxFuture, Future};
+	use futures::{future, Future};
 	use super::{Ntp, TimeChecker, Error};
-	use util::RwLock;
+	use parking_lot::RwLock;
 	#[derive(Clone)]
 	struct FakeNtp(RefCell<Vec<Duration>>, Cell<u64>);
@ -224,9 +306,11 @@ mod tests {
 	}
 	impl Ntp for FakeNtp {
-		fn drift(&self) -> BoxFuture<Duration, Error> {
+		type Future = future::FutureResult<Duration, Error>;
 		fn drift(&self) -> Self::Future {
 			self.1.set(self.1.get() + 1);
-			futures::future::ok(self.0.borrow_mut().pop().expect("Unexpected call to drift().")).boxed()
+			future::ok(self.0.borrow_mut().pop().expect("Unexpected call to drift()."))
 		}
 	}
--- a/dapps/node-health/src/types.rs
+++ b/dapps/node-health/src/types.rs
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
 // Copyright 2015-2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
 // This file is part of Parity.
 // Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 // (at your option) any later version.
 // Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 //! Base health types.
 /// Health API endpoint status.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub enum HealthStatus {
 	/// Everything's OK.
 	#[serde(rename = "ok")]
 	Ok,
 	/// Node health need attention
 	/// (the issue is not critical, but may need investigation)
 	#[serde(rename = "needsAttention")]
 	NeedsAttention,
 	/// There is something bad detected with the node.
 	#[serde(rename = "bad")]
 	Bad,
 }
 /// Represents a single check in node health.
 /// Cointains the status of that check and apropriate message and details.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct HealthInfo<T> {
 	/// Check status.
 	pub status: HealthStatus,
 	/// Human-readable message.
 	pub message: String,
 	/// Technical details of the check.
 	pub details: T,
 }
 /// Node Health status.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct Health {
 	/// Status of peers.
 	pub peers: HealthInfo<(usize, usize)>,
 	/// Sync status.
 	pub sync: HealthInfo<bool>,
 	/// Time diff info.
 	pub time: HealthInfo<i64>,
 }
--- a/dapps/src/api/api.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/api/api.rs
@ -21,32 +21,28 @@ use hyper::method::Method;
 use hyper::status::StatusCode;
 use api::{response, types};
 use api::time::TimeChecker;
 use apps::fetcher::Fetcher;
 use handlers::{self, extract_url};
 use endpoint::{Endpoint, Handler, EndpointPath};
 use node_health::{NodeHealth, HealthStatus, Health};
 use parity_reactor::Remote;
 use {SyncStatus};
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct RestApi {
 	fetcher: Arc<Fetcher>,
-	sync_status: Arc<SyncStatus>,
+	health: NodeHealth,
 	time: TimeChecker,
 	remote: Remote,
 }
 impl RestApi {
 	pub fn new(
 		fetcher: Arc<Fetcher>,
-		sync_status: Arc<SyncStatus>,
+		health: NodeHealth,
 		time: TimeChecker,
 		remote: Remote,
 	) -> Box<Endpoint> {
 		Box::new(RestApi {
 			fetcher,
-			sync_status,
+			health,
 			time,
 			remote,
 		})
 	}
@ -90,69 +86,23 @@ impl RestApiRouter {
 	}
 	fn health(&self, control: Control) -> Box<Handler> {
-		use self::types::{HealthInfo, HealthStatus, Health};
+		let map = move |health: Result<Result<Health, ()>, ()>| {
-
+			let status = match health {
-		trace!(target: "dapps", "Checking node health.");
+				Ok(Ok(ref health)) => {
-		// Check timediff
+					if [&health.peers.status, &health.sync.status].iter().any(|x| *x != &HealthStatus::Ok) {
-		let sync_status = self.api.sync_status.clone();
+						StatusCode::PreconditionFailed // HTTP 412
-		let map = move |time| {
+					} else {
-			// Check peers
+						StatusCode::Ok // HTTP 200
-			let peers = {
+					}
-				let (connected, max) = sync_status.peers();
+				},
-				let (status, message) = match connected {
+				_ => StatusCode::ServiceUnavailable, // HTTP 503
 					0 => {
 						(HealthStatus::Bad, "You are not connected to any peers. There is most likely some network issue. Fix connectivity.".into())
 					},
 					1 => (HealthStatus::NeedsAttention, "You are connected to only one peer. Your node might not be reliable. Check your network connection.".into()),
 					_ => (HealthStatus::Ok, "".into()),
 				};
 				HealthInfo { status, message, details: (connected, max) }
 			};
-			// Check sync
+			response::as_json(status, &health)
 			let sync = {
 				let is_syncing = sync_status.is_major_importing();
 				let (status, message) = if is_syncing {
 					(HealthStatus::NeedsAttention, "Your node is still syncing, the values you see might be outdated. Wait until it's fully synced.".into())
 				} else {
 					(HealthStatus::Ok, "".into())
 				};
 				HealthInfo { status, message, details: is_syncing }
 			};
 			// Check time
 			let time = {
 				const MAX_DRIFT: i64 = 500;
 				let (status, message, details) = match time {
 					Ok(Ok(diff)) if diff < MAX_DRIFT && diff > -MAX_DRIFT => {
 						(HealthStatus::Ok, "".into(), diff)
 					},
 					Ok(Ok(diff)) => {
 						(HealthStatus::Bad, format!(
 							"Your clock is not in sync. Detected difference is too big for the protocol to work: {}ms. Synchronize your clock.",
 							diff,
 						), diff)
 					},
 					Ok(Err(err)) => {
 						(HealthStatus::NeedsAttention, format!(
 							"Unable to reach time API: {}. Make sure that your clock is synchronized.",
 							err,
 						), 0)
 					},
 					Err(_) => {
 						(HealthStatus::NeedsAttention, "Time API request timed out. Make sure that the clock is synchronized.".into(), 0)
 					},
 				};
 				HealthInfo { status, message, details, }
 			};
 			response::as_json(StatusCode::Ok, &Health { peers, sync, time })
 		};
-
+		let health = self.api.health.health();
 		let time = self.api.time.time_drift();
 		let remote = self.api.remote.clone();
-		Box::new(handlers::AsyncHandler::new(time, map, remote, control))
+		Box::new(handlers::AsyncHandler::new(health, map, remote, control))
 	}
 }
--- a/dapps/src/api/mod.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/api/mod.rs
@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 mod api;
 mod response;
 mod time;
 mod types;
 pub use self::api::RestApi;
 pub use self::time::TimeChecker;
--- a/dapps/src/api/types.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/api/types.rs
@ -25,43 +25,3 @@ pub struct ApiError {
 	/// More technical error details.
 	pub detail: String,
 }
 /// Health API endpoint status.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub enum HealthStatus {
 	/// Everything's OK.
 	#[serde(rename = "ok")]
 	Ok,
 	/// Node health need attention
 	/// (the issue is not critical, but may need investigation)
 	#[serde(rename = "needsAttention")]
 	NeedsAttention,
 	/// There is something bad detected with the node.
 	#[serde(rename = "bad")]
 	Bad
 }
 /// Represents a single check in node health.
 /// Cointains the status of that check and apropriate message and details.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct HealthInfo<T> {
 	/// Check status.
 	pub status: HealthStatus,
 	/// Human-readable message.
 	pub message: String,
 	/// Technical details of the check.
 	pub details: T,
 }
 /// Node Health status.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct Health {
 	/// Status of peers.
 	pub peers: HealthInfo<(usize, usize)>,
 	/// Sync status.
 	pub sync: HealthInfo<bool>,
 	/// Time diff info.
 	pub time: HealthInfo<i64>,
 }
--- a/dapps/src/apps/fetcher/mod.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/apps/fetcher/mod.rs
@ -281,6 +281,7 @@ mod tests {
 		}
 	}
 	#[derive(Debug)]
 	struct FakeSync(bool);
 	impl SyncStatus for FakeSync {
 		fn is_major_importing(&self) -> bool { self.0 }
--- a/dapps/src/apps/mod.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/apps/mod.rs
@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@ -30,8 +29,8 @@ use {WebProxyTokens, ParentFrameSettings};
 mod app;
 mod cache;
 mod fs;
 mod ui;
 pub mod fs;
 pub mod fetcher;
 pub mod manifest;
@ -64,9 +63,10 @@ pub fn all_endpoints<F: Fetch>(
 	web_proxy_tokens: Arc<WebProxyTokens>,
 	remote: Remote,
 	fetch: F,
-) -> Endpoints {
+) -> (Vec<String>, Endpoints) {
 	// fetch fs dapps at first to avoid overwriting builtins
-	let mut pages = fs::local_endpoints(dapps_path, embeddable.clone());
+	let mut pages = fs::local_endpoints(dapps_path.clone(), embeddable.clone());
 	let local_endpoints: Vec<String> = pages.keys().cloned().collect();
 	for path in extra_dapps {
 		if let Some((id, endpoint)) = fs::local_endpoint(path.clone(), embeddable.clone()) {
 			pages.insert(id, endpoint);
@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ pub fn all_endpoints<F: Fetch>(
 	pages.insert("proxy".into(), ProxyPac::boxed(embeddable.clone(), dapps_domain.to_owned()));
 	pages.insert(WEB_PATH.into(), Web::boxed(embeddable.clone(), web_proxy_tokens.clone(), remote.clone(), fetch.clone()));
-	Arc::new(pages)
+	(local_endpoints, pages)
 }
-fn insert<T : WebApp + Default + 'static>(pages: &mut BTreeMap<String, Box<Endpoint>>, id: &str, embed_at: Embeddable) {
+fn insert<T : WebApp + Default + 'static>(pages: &mut Endpoints, id: &str, embed_at: Embeddable) {
 	pages.insert(id.to_owned(), Box::new(match embed_at {
 		Embeddable::Yes(address) => PageEndpoint::new_safe_to_embed(T::default(), address),
 		Embeddable::No => PageEndpoint::new(T::default()),
--- a/dapps/src/endpoint.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/endpoint.rs
@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 //! URL Endpoint traits
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use hyper::{self, server, net};
@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ pub struct EndpointInfo {
 	pub icon_url: String,
 }
-pub type Endpoints = Arc<BTreeMap<String, Box<Endpoint>>>;
+pub type Endpoints = BTreeMap<String, Box<Endpoint>>;
 pub type Handler = server::Handler<net::HttpStream> + Send;
 pub trait Endpoint : Send + Sync {
--- a/dapps/src/handlers/mod.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/handlers/mod.rs
@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ pub use self::redirect::Redirection;
 pub use self::streaming::StreamingHandler;
 use std::iter;
-use util::Itertools;
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use url::Url;
 use hyper::{server, header, net, uri};
 use {apps, address, Embeddable};
@ -67,10 +66,20 @@ pub fn add_security_headers(headers: &mut header::Headers, embeddable_on: Embedd
 		// Allow fonts from data: and HTTPS.
 		b"font-src 'self' data: https:;".to_vec(),
 		// Allow inline scripts and scripts eval (webpack/jsconsole)
-		b"script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval';".to_vec(),
+		{
-		// Same restrictions as script-src (fallback) with additional
+			let script_src = embeddable_on.as_ref()
 				.map(|e| e.extra_script_src.iter()
 					 .map(|&(ref host, port)| address(host, port))
 					 .join(" ")
 				).unwrap_or_default();
 			format!(
 				"script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' {};",
 				script_src
 			).into_bytes()
 		},
 		// Same restrictions as script-src with additional
 		// blob: that is required for camera access (worker)
-		b"worker-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' blob: ;".to_vec(),
+		b"worker-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https: blob:;".to_vec(),
 		// Restrict everything else to the same origin.
 		b"default-src 'self';".to_vec(),
 		// Run in sandbox mode (although it's not fully safe since we allow same-origin and script)
@ -90,7 +99,7 @@ pub fn add_security_headers(headers: &mut header::Headers, embeddable_on: Embedd
 					.into_iter()
 					.chain(embed.extra_embed_on
 						.iter()
-						.map(|&(ref host, port)| format!("{}:{}", host, port))
+						.map(|&(ref host, port)| address(host, port))
 					);
 				let ancestors = if embed.host == "127.0.0.1" {
--- a/dapps/src/lib.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/lib.rs
@ -21,10 +21,9 @@
 extern crate base32;
 extern crate futures;
-extern crate futures_cpupool;
+extern crate itertools;
 extern crate linked_hash_map;
 extern crate mime_guess;
 extern crate ntp;
 extern crate rand;
 extern crate rustc_hex;
 extern crate serde;
@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ extern crate jsonrpc_http_server;
 extern crate ethcore_util as util;
 extern crate fetch;
 extern crate node_health;
 extern crate parity_dapps_glue as parity_dapps;
 extern crate parity_hash_fetch as hash_fetch;
 extern crate parity_reactor;
@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ extern crate ethcore_devtools as devtools;
 #[cfg(test)]
 extern crate env_logger;
 mod endpoint;
 mod apps;
 mod page;
@ -69,26 +68,21 @@ mod web;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::mem;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use util::RwLock;
 use jsonrpc_http_server::{self as http, hyper, Origin};
 use fetch::Fetch;
-use futures_cpupool::CpuPool;
+use node_health::NodeHealth;
 use parity_reactor::Remote;
 pub use hash_fetch::urlhint::ContractClient;
 pub use node_health::SyncStatus;
 /// Indicates sync status
 pub trait SyncStatus: Send + Sync {
 	/// Returns true if there is a major sync happening.
 	fn is_major_importing(&self) -> bool;
 	/// Returns number of connected and ideal peers.
 	fn peers(&self) -> (usize, usize);
 }
 /// Validates Web Proxy tokens
 pub trait WebProxyTokens: Send + Sync {
@ -101,37 +95,59 @@ impl<F> WebProxyTokens for F where F: Fn(String) -> Option<Origin> + Send + Sync
 }
 /// Current supported endpoints.
 #[derive(Default, Clone)]
 pub struct Endpoints {
-	endpoints: endpoint::Endpoints,
+	local_endpoints: Arc<RwLock<Vec<String>>>,
 	endpoints: Arc<RwLock<endpoint::Endpoints>>,
 	dapps_path: PathBuf,
 	embeddable: Option<ParentFrameSettings>,
 }
 impl Endpoints {
 	/// Returns a current list of app endpoints.
 	pub fn list(&self) -> Vec<apps::App> {
-		self.endpoints.iter().filter_map(|(ref k, ref e)| {
+		self.endpoints.read().iter().filter_map(|(ref k, ref e)| {
 			e.info().map(|ref info| apps::App::from_info(k, info))
 		}).collect()
 	}
 	/// Check for any changes in the local dapps folder and update.
 	pub fn refresh_local_dapps(&self) {
 		let new_local = apps::fs::local_endpoints(&self.dapps_path, self.embeddable.clone());
 		let old_local = mem::replace(&mut *self.local_endpoints.write(), new_local.keys().cloned().collect());
 		let (_, to_remove): (_, Vec<_>) = old_local
 			.into_iter()
 			.partition(|k| new_local.contains_key(&k.clone()));
 		let mut endpoints = self.endpoints.write();
 		// remove the dead dapps
 		for k in to_remove {
 			endpoints.remove(&k);
 		}
 		// new dapps to be added
 		for (k, v) in new_local {
 			if !endpoints.contains_key(&k) {
 				endpoints.insert(k, v);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 /// Dapps server as `jsonrpc-http-server` request middleware.
 pub struct Middleware {
 	endpoints: Endpoints,
 	router: router::Router,
 	endpoints: endpoint::Endpoints,
 }
 impl Middleware {
 	/// Get local endpoints handle.
-	pub fn endpoints(&self) -> Endpoints {
+	pub fn endpoints(&self) -> &Endpoints {
-		Endpoints {
+		&self.endpoints
 			endpoints: self.endpoints.clone(),
 		}
 	}
 	/// Creates new middleware for UI server.
 	pub fn ui<F: Fetch>(
-		ntp_server: &str,
+		health: NodeHealth,
 		pool: CpuPool,
 		remote: Remote,
 		dapps_domain: &str,
 		registrar: Arc<ContractClient>,
@ -146,11 +162,9 @@ impl Middleware {
 		).embeddable_on(None).allow_dapps(false));
 		let special = {
 			let mut special = special_endpoints(
-				ntp_server,
+				health,
 				pool,
 				content_fetcher.clone(),
 				remote.clone(),
 				sync_status.clone(),
 			);
 			special.insert(router::SpecialEndpoint::Home, Some(apps::ui()));
 			special
@ -164,18 +178,18 @@ impl Middleware {
 		);
 		Middleware {
 			router: router,
 			endpoints: Default::default(),
 			router: router,
 		}
 	}
 	/// Creates new Dapps server middleware.
 	pub fn dapps<F: Fetch>(
-		ntp_server: &str,
+		health: NodeHealth,
 		pool: CpuPool,
 		remote: Remote,
 		ui_address: Option<(String, u16)>,
 		extra_embed_on: Vec<(String, u16)>,
 		extra_script_src: Vec<(String, u16)>,
 		dapps_path: PathBuf,
 		extra_dapps: Vec<PathBuf>,
 		dapps_domain: &str,
@ -184,15 +198,15 @@ impl Middleware {
 		web_proxy_tokens: Arc<WebProxyTokens>,
 		fetch: F,
 	) -> Self {
-		let embeddable = as_embeddable(ui_address, extra_embed_on, dapps_domain);
+		let embeddable = as_embeddable(ui_address, extra_embed_on, extra_script_src, dapps_domain);
 		let content_fetcher = Arc::new(apps::fetcher::ContentFetcher::new(
 			hash_fetch::urlhint::URLHintContract::new(registrar),
 			sync_status.clone(),
 			remote.clone(),
 			fetch.clone(),
 		).embeddable_on(embeddable.clone()).allow_dapps(true));
-		let endpoints = apps::all_endpoints(
+		let (local_endpoints, endpoints) = apps::all_endpoints(
-			dapps_path,
+			dapps_path.clone(),
 			extra_dapps,
 			dapps_domain,
 			embeddable.clone(),
@ -200,14 +214,18 @@ impl Middleware {
 			remote.clone(),
 			fetch.clone(),
 		);
 		let endpoints = Endpoints {
 			endpoints: Arc::new(RwLock::new(endpoints)),
 			dapps_path,
 			local_endpoints: Arc::new(RwLock::new(local_endpoints)),
 			embeddable: embeddable.clone(),
 		};
 		let special = {
 			let mut special = special_endpoints(
-				ntp_server,
+				health,
 				pool,
 				content_fetcher.clone(),
 				remote.clone(),
 				sync_status,
 			);
 			special.insert(
 				router::SpecialEndpoint::Home,
@ -225,8 +243,8 @@ impl Middleware {
 		);
 		Middleware {
-			router: router,
+			endpoints,
-			endpoints: endpoints,
+			router,
 		}
 	}
 }
@ -238,19 +256,16 @@ impl http::RequestMiddleware for Middleware {
 }
 fn special_endpoints(
-	ntp_server: &str,
+	health: NodeHealth,
 	pool: CpuPool,
 	content_fetcher: Arc<apps::fetcher::Fetcher>,
 	remote: Remote,
 	sync_status: Arc<SyncStatus>,
 ) -> HashMap<router::SpecialEndpoint, Option<Box<endpoint::Endpoint>>> {
 	let mut special = HashMap::new();
 	special.insert(router::SpecialEndpoint::Rpc, None);
 	special.insert(router::SpecialEndpoint::Utils, Some(apps::utils()));
 	special.insert(router::SpecialEndpoint::Api, Some(api::RestApi::new(
 		content_fetcher,
-		sync_status,
+		health,
 		api::TimeChecker::new(ntp_server.into(), pool),
 		remote,
 	)));
 	special
@ -263,12 +278,14 @@ fn address(host: &str, port: u16) -> String {
 fn as_embeddable(
 	ui_address: Option<(String, u16)>,
 	extra_embed_on: Vec<(String, u16)>,
 	extra_script_src: Vec<(String, u16)>,
 	dapps_domain: &str,
 ) -> Option<ParentFrameSettings> {
 	ui_address.map(|(host, port)| ParentFrameSettings {
 		host,
 		port,
 		extra_embed_on,
 		extra_script_src,
 		dapps_domain: dapps_domain.to_owned(),
 	})
 }
@ -289,8 +306,10 @@ pub struct ParentFrameSettings {
 	pub host: String,
 	/// Port
 	pub port: u16,
-	/// Additional pages the pages can be embedded on.
+	/// Additional URLs the dapps can be embedded on.
 	pub extra_embed_on: Vec<(String, u16)>,
 	/// Additional URLs the dapp scripts can be loaded from.
 	pub extra_script_src: Vec<(String, u16)>,
 	/// Dapps Domain (web3.site)
 	pub dapps_domain: String,
 }
--- a/dapps/src/router.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/router.rs
@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ use jsonrpc_http_server as http;
 use apps;
 use apps::fetcher::Fetcher;
-use endpoint::{Endpoint, Endpoints, EndpointPath, Handler};
+use endpoint::{Endpoint, EndpointPath, Handler};
 use Endpoints;
 use handlers;
 use Embeddable;
@ -50,26 +51,27 @@ pub struct Router {
 	dapps_domain: String,
 }
-impl http::RequestMiddleware for Router {
+impl Router {
-	fn on_request(&self, req: &server::Request<HttpStream>, control: &Control) -> http::RequestMiddlewareAction {
+	fn resolve_request(&self, req: &server::Request<HttpStream>, control: Control, refresh_dapps: bool) -> (bool, Option<Box<Handler>>) {
 		// Choose proper handler depending on path / domain
 		let url = handlers::extract_url(req);
 		let endpoint = extract_endpoint(&url, &self.dapps_domain);
 		let referer = extract_referer_endpoint(req, &self.dapps_domain);
 		let is_utils = endpoint.1 == SpecialEndpoint::Utils;
 		let is_origin_set = req.headers().get::<header::Origin>().is_some();
 		let is_get_request = *req.method() == hyper::Method::Get;
 		let is_head_request = *req.method() == hyper::Method::Head;
 		let has_dapp = |dapp: &str| self.endpoints
 			.as_ref()
 			.map_or(false, |endpoints| endpoints.endpoints.read().contains_key(dapp));
 		trace!(target: "dapps", "Routing request to {:?}. Details: {:?}", url, req);
 		let control = control.clone();
 		debug!(target: "dapps", "Handling endpoint request: {:?}", endpoint);
-		let handler: Option<Box<Handler>> = match (endpoint.0, endpoint.1, referer) {
+
 		(is_utils, match (endpoint.0, endpoint.1, referer) {
 			// Handle invalid web requests that we can recover from
 			(ref path, SpecialEndpoint::None, Some((ref referer, ref referer_url)))
 				if referer.app_id == apps::WEB_PATH
-					&& self.endpoints.as_ref().map(|ep| ep.contains_key(apps::WEB_PATH)).unwrap_or(false)
+					&& has_dapp(apps::WEB_PATH)
 					&& !is_web_endpoint(path)
 				=>
 			{
@ -88,11 +90,13 @@ impl http::RequestMiddleware for Router {
 					.map(|special| special.to_async_handler(path.clone().unwrap_or_default(), control))
 			},
 			// Then delegate to dapp
-			(Some(ref path), _, _) if self.endpoints.as_ref().map(|ep| ep.contains_key(&path.app_id)).unwrap_or(false) => {
+			(Some(ref path), _, _) if has_dapp(&path.app_id) => {
 				trace!(target: "dapps", "Resolving to local/builtin dapp.");
 				Some(self.endpoints
 					.as_ref()
 					.expect("endpoints known to be set; qed")
 					.endpoints
 					.read()
 					.get(&path.app_id)
 					.expect("endpoints known to contain key; qed")
 					.to_async_handler(path.clone(), control))
@ -110,13 +114,19 @@ impl http::RequestMiddleware for Router {
 				=>
 			{
 				trace!(target: "dapps", "Resolving to 404.");
-				Some(Box::new(handlers::ContentHandler::error(
+				if refresh_dapps {
-					hyper::StatusCode::NotFound,
+					debug!(target: "dapps", "Refreshing dapps and re-trying.");
-					"404 Not Found",
+					self.endpoints.as_ref().map(|endpoints| endpoints.refresh_local_dapps());
-					"Requested content was not found.",
+					return self.resolve_request(req, control, false)
-					None,
+				} else {
-					self.embeddable_on.clone(),
+					Some(Box::new(handlers::ContentHandler::error(
-				)))
+						hyper::StatusCode::NotFound,
 						"404 Not Found",
 						"Requested content was not found.",
 						None,
 						self.embeddable_on.clone(),
 					)))
 				}
 			},
 			// Any other GET|HEAD requests to home page.
 			_ if (is_get_request || is_head_request) && self.special.contains_key(&SpecialEndpoint::Home) => {
@ -130,8 +140,15 @@ impl http::RequestMiddleware for Router {
 				trace!(target: "dapps", "Resolving to RPC call.");
 				None
 			}
-		};
+		})
 	}
 }
 impl http::RequestMiddleware for Router {
 	fn on_request(&self, req: &server::Request<HttpStream>, control: &Control) -> http::RequestMiddlewareAction {
 		let control = control.clone();
 		let is_origin_set = req.headers().get::<header::Origin>().is_some();
 		let (is_utils, handler) = self.resolve_request(req, control, self.endpoints.is_some());
 		match handler {
 			Some(handler) => http::RequestMiddlewareAction::Respond {
 				should_validate_hosts: !is_utils,
--- a/dapps/src/tests/fetch.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/tests/fetch.rs
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn should_resolve_dapp() {
 	// then
 	response.assert_status("HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found");
-	assert_eq!(registrar.calls.lock().len(), 2);
+	assert_eq!(registrar.calls.lock().len(), 4);
 	assert_security_headers_for_embed(&response.headers);
 }
--- a/dapps/src/tests/helpers/mod.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/tests/helpers/mod.rs
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use jsonrpc_http_server::{self as http, Host, DomainsValidation};
 use devtools::http_client;
 use hash_fetch::urlhint::ContractClient;
 use fetch::{Fetch, Client as FetchClient};
-use futures_cpupool::CpuPool;
+use node_health::{NodeHealth, TimeChecker, CpuPool};
 use parity_reactor::Remote;
 use {Middleware, SyncStatus, WebProxyTokens};
@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ use self::fetch::FakeFetch;
 const SIGNER_PORT: u16 = 18180;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct FakeSync(bool);
 impl SyncStatus for FakeSync {
 	fn is_major_importing(&self) -> bool { self.0 }
@ -254,12 +255,17 @@ impl Server {
 		remote: Remote,
 		fetch: F,
 	) -> Result<Server, http::Error> {
 		let health = NodeHealth::new(
 			sync_status.clone(),
 			TimeChecker::new::<String>(&[], CpuPool::new(1)),
 			remote.clone(),
 		);
 		let middleware = Middleware::dapps(
-			"pool.ntp.org:123",
+			health,
 			CpuPool::new(4),
 			remote,
 			signer_address,
 			vec![],
 			vec![],
 			dapps_path,
 			extra_dapps,
 			DAPPS_DOMAIN.into(),
--- a/dapps/src/tests/redirection.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/tests/redirection.rs
@ -204,4 +204,3 @@ fn should_serve_utils() {
 	assert_eq!(response.body.contains("function(){"), true);
 	assert_security_headers(&response.headers);
 }
--- a/dapps/src/web.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/web.rs
@ -241,5 +241,3 @@ impl<F: Fetch> server::Handler<net::HttpStream> for WebHandler<F> {
 		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/Cargo.toml
@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ num_cpus = "1.2"
 price-info = { path = "../price-info" }
 rand = "0.3"
 rlp = { path = "../util/rlp" }
 rlp_derive = { path = "../util/rlp_derive" }
 rust-crypto = "0.2.34"
 rustc-hex = "1.0"
 semver = "0.6"
--- a/ethcore/evm/src/interpreter/memory.rs
+++ b/ethcore/evm/src/interpreter/memory.rs
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ pub trait Memory {
 }
 /// Checks whether offset and size is valid memory range
-fn is_valid_range(off: usize, size: usize)  -> bool {
+pub fn is_valid_range(off: usize, size: usize)  -> bool {
 	// When size is zero we haven't actually expanded the memory
 	let overflow = off.overflowing_add(size).1;
 	size > 0 && !overflow
--- a/ethcore/evm/src/interpreter/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/evm/src/interpreter/mod.rs
@ -168,7 +168,12 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> vm::Vm for Interpreter<Cost> {
 			}
 			if do_trace {
-				ext.trace_executed(gasometer.current_gas.as_u256(), stack.peek_top(info.ret), mem_written.map(|(o, s)| (o, &(self.mem[o..(o + s)]))), store_written);
+				ext.trace_executed(
 					gasometer.current_gas.as_u256(),
 					stack.peek_top(info.ret),
 					mem_written.map(|(o, s)| (o, &(self.mem[o..o+s]))),
 					store_written,
 				);
 			}
 			// Advance
@ -252,14 +257,20 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 		instruction: Instruction,
 		stack: &Stack<U256>
 	) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
-		match instruction {
+		let read = |pos| stack.peek(pos).low_u64() as usize;
-			instructions::MSTORE | instructions::MLOAD => Some((stack.peek(0).low_u64() as usize, 32)),
+		let written = match instruction {
-			instructions::MSTORE8 => Some((stack.peek(0).low_u64() as usize, 1)),
+			instructions::MSTORE | instructions::MLOAD => Some((read(0), 32)),
-			instructions::CALLDATACOPY | instructions::CODECOPY | instructions::RETURNDATACOPY => Some((stack.peek(0).low_u64() as usize, stack.peek(2).low_u64() as usize)),
+			instructions::MSTORE8 => Some((read(0), 1)),
-			instructions::EXTCODECOPY => Some((stack.peek(1).low_u64() as usize, stack.peek(3).low_u64() as usize)),
+			instructions::CALLDATACOPY | instructions::CODECOPY | instructions::RETURNDATACOPY => Some((read(0), read(2))),
-			instructions::CALL | instructions::CALLCODE => Some((stack.peek(5).low_u64() as usize, stack.peek(6).low_u64() as usize)),
+			instructions::EXTCODECOPY => Some((read(1), read(3))),
-			instructions::DELEGATECALL => Some((stack.peek(4).low_u64() as usize, stack.peek(5).low_u64() as usize)),
+			instructions::CALL | instructions::CALLCODE => Some((read(5), read(6))),
 			instructions::DELEGATECALL | instructions::STATICCALL => Some((read(4), read(5))),
 			_ => None,
 		};
 		match written {
 			Some((offset, size)) if !memory::is_valid_range(offset, size) => None,
 			written => written,
 		}
 	}
@ -862,3 +873,36 @@ fn address_to_u256(value: Address) -> U256 {
 	U256::from(&*H256::from(value))
 }
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	use std::sync::Arc;
 	use rustc_hex::FromHex;
 	use vmtype::VMType;
 	use factory::Factory;
 	use vm::{self, ActionParams, ActionValue};
 	use vm::tests::{FakeExt, test_finalize};
 	#[test]
 	fn should_not_fail_on_tracing_mem() {
 		let code = "7feeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff006000527faaffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffaa6020526000620f120660406000601773945304eb96065b2a98b57a48a06ae28d285a71b56101f4f1600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 		let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 		params.address = 5.into();
 		params.gas = 300_000.into();
 		params.gas_price = 1.into();
 		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(100_000.into());
 		params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 		let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 		ext.balances.insert(5.into(), 1_000_000_000.into());
 		ext.tracing = true;
 		let gas_left = {
 			let mut vm = Factory::new(VMType::Interpreter, 1).create(params.gas);
 			test_finalize(vm.exec(params, &mut ext)).unwrap()
 		};
 		assert_eq!(ext.calls.len(), 1);
 		assert_eq!(gas_left, 248_212.into());
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/light/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/light/Cargo.toml
@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ ethcore-devtools = { path = "../../devtools" }
 evm = { path = "../evm" }
 vm = { path = "../vm" }
 rlp = { path = "../../util/rlp" }
 rlp_derive = { path = "../../util/rlp_derive" }
 time = "0.1"
 smallvec = "0.4"
 futures = "0.1"
--- a/ethcore/light/src/client/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/light/src/client/mod.rs
@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ pub trait LightChainClient: Send + Sync {
 	/// Get an iterator over a block and its ancestry.
 	fn ancestry_iter<'a>(&'a self, start: BlockId) -> Box<Iterator<Item=encoded::Header> + 'a>;
-	/// Get the signing network ID.
+	/// Get the signing chain ID.
-	fn signing_network_id(&self) -> Option<u64>;
+	fn signing_chain_id(&self) -> Option<u64>;
 	/// Get environment info for execution at a given block.
 	/// Fails if that block's header is not stored.
@ -260,9 +260,9 @@ impl Client {
 		self.chain.ancestry_iter(start)
 	}
-	/// Get the signing network id.
+	/// Get the signing chain id.
-	pub fn signing_network_id(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+	pub fn signing_chain_id(&self) -> Option<u64> {
-		self.engine.signing_network_id(&self.latest_env_info())
+		self.engine.signing_chain_id(&self.latest_env_info())
 	}
 	/// Flush the header queue.
@ -448,8 +448,8 @@ impl LightChainClient for Client {
 		Box::new(Client::ancestry_iter(self, start))
 	}
-	fn signing_network_id(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+	fn signing_chain_id(&self) -> Option<u64> {
-		Client::signing_network_id(self)
+		Client::signing_chain_id(self)
 	}
 	fn env_info(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<EnvInfo> {
--- a/ethcore/light/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/light/src/lib.rs
@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ extern crate futures;
 extern crate itertools;
 extern crate rand;
 extern crate rlp;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate rlp_derive;
 extern crate serde;
 extern crate smallvec;
 extern crate stats;
--- a/ethcore/light/src/types/request/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/light/src/types/request/mod.rs
@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ pub mod header {
 	use rlp::{Encodable, Decodable, DecoderError, RlpStream, UntrustedRlp};
 	/// Potentially incomplete headers request.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Incomplete {
 		/// Start block.
 		pub start: Field<HashOrNumber>,
@ -662,27 +662,6 @@ pub mod header {
 		pub reverse: bool,
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Incomplete {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Incomplete {
 				start: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 				skip: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 				max: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 				reverse: rlp.val_at(3)?
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Incomplete {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(4)
 				.append(&self.start)
 				.append(&self.skip)
 				.append(&self.max)
 				.append(&self.reverse);
 		}
 	}
 	impl super::IncompleteRequest for Incomplete {
 		type Complete = Complete;
 		type Response = Response;
@ -784,26 +763,12 @@ pub mod header_proof {
 	use util::{Bytes, U256, H256};
 	/// Potentially incomplete header proof request.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Incomplete {
 		/// Block number.
 		pub num: Field<u64>,
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Incomplete {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Incomplete {
 				num: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Incomplete {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(1).append(&self.num);
 		}
 	}
 	impl super::IncompleteRequest for Incomplete {
 		type Complete = Complete;
 		type Response = Response;
@ -889,30 +854,15 @@ pub mod header_proof {
 /// Request and response for transaction index.
 pub mod transaction_index {
 	use super::{Field, NoSuchOutput, OutputKind, Output};
 	use rlp::{Encodable, Decodable, DecoderError, RlpStream, UntrustedRlp};
 	use util::H256;
 	/// Potentially incomplete transaction index request.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Incomplete {
 		/// Transaction hash to get index for.
 		pub hash: Field<H256>,
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Incomplete {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Incomplete {
 				hash: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Incomplete {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(1).append(&self.hash);
 		}
 	}
 	impl super::IncompleteRequest for Incomplete {
 		type Complete = Complete;
 		type Response = Response;
@ -959,7 +909,7 @@ pub mod transaction_index {
 	}
 	/// The output of a request for transaction index.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Response {
 		/// Block number.
 		pub num: u64,
@ -976,55 +926,21 @@ pub mod transaction_index {
 			f(1, Output::Hash(self.hash));
 		}
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Response {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Response {
 				num: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 				hash: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 				index: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Response {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(3)
 				.append(&self.num)
 				.append(&self.hash)
 				.append(&self.index);
 		}
 	}
 }
 /// Request and response for block receipts
 pub mod block_receipts {
 	use super::{Field, NoSuchOutput, OutputKind, Output};
 	use ethcore::receipt::Receipt;
 	use rlp::{Encodable, Decodable, DecoderError, RlpStream, UntrustedRlp};
 	use util::H256;
 	/// Potentially incomplete block receipts request.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Incomplete {
 		/// Block hash to get receipts for.
 		pub hash: Field<H256>,
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Incomplete {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Incomplete {
 				hash: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Incomplete {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(1).append(&self.hash);
 		}
 	}
 	impl super::IncompleteRequest for Incomplete {
 		type Complete = Complete;
 		type Response = Response;
@ -1068,7 +984,7 @@ pub mod block_receipts {
 	}
 	/// The output of a request for block receipts.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodableWrapper, RlpDecodableWrapper)]
 	pub struct Response {
 		/// The block receipts.
 		pub receipts: Vec<Receipt>
@ -1078,20 +994,6 @@ pub mod block_receipts {
 		/// Fill reusable outputs by providing them to the function.
 		fn fill_outputs<F>(&self, _: F) where F: FnMut(usize, Output) {}
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Response {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Response {
 				receipts: rlp.as_list()?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Response {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.append_list(&self.receipts);
 		}
 	}
 }
 /// Request and response for a block body
@ -1102,26 +1004,12 @@ pub mod block_body {
 	use util::H256;
 	/// Potentially incomplete block body request.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Incomplete {
 		/// Block hash to get receipts for.
 		pub hash: Field<H256>,
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Incomplete {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Incomplete {
 				hash: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Incomplete {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(1).append(&self.hash);
 		}
 	}
 	impl super::IncompleteRequest for Incomplete {
 		type Complete = Complete;
 		type Response = Response;
@ -1201,11 +1089,10 @@ pub mod block_body {
 /// A request for an account proof.
 pub mod account {
 	use super::{Field, NoSuchOutput, OutputKind, Output};
 	use rlp::{Encodable, Decodable, DecoderError, RlpStream, UntrustedRlp};
 	use util::{Bytes, U256, H256};
 	/// Potentially incomplete request for an account proof.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Incomplete {
 		/// Block hash to request state proof for.
 		pub block_hash: Field<H256>,
@ -1213,23 +1100,6 @@ pub mod account {
 		pub address_hash: Field<H256>,
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Incomplete {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Incomplete {
 				block_hash: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 				address_hash: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Incomplete {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(2)
 				.append(&self.block_hash)
 				.append(&self.address_hash);
 		}
 	}
 	impl super::IncompleteRequest for Incomplete {
 		type Complete = Complete;
 		type Response = Response;
@ -1292,7 +1162,7 @@ pub mod account {
 	}
 	/// The output of a request for an account state proof.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Response {
 		/// Inclusion/exclusion proof
 		pub proof: Vec<Bytes>,
@ -1313,39 +1183,15 @@ pub mod account {
 			f(1, Output::Hash(self.storage_root));
 		}
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Response {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Response {
 				proof: rlp.list_at(0)?,
 				nonce: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 				balance: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 				code_hash: rlp.val_at(3)?,
 				storage_root: rlp.val_at(4)?
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Response {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(5)
 				.append_list::<Vec<u8>,_>(&self.proof[..])
 				.append(&self.nonce)
 				.append(&self.balance)
 				.append(&self.code_hash)
 				.append(&self.storage_root);
 		}
 	}
 }
 /// A request for a storage proof.
 pub mod storage {
 	use super::{Field, NoSuchOutput, OutputKind, Output};
 	use rlp::{Encodable, Decodable, DecoderError, RlpStream, UntrustedRlp};
 	use util::{Bytes, H256};
 	/// Potentially incomplete request for an storage proof.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Incomplete {
 		/// Block hash to request state proof for.
 		pub block_hash: Field<H256>,
@ -1355,25 +1201,6 @@ pub mod storage {
 		pub key_hash: Field<H256>,
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Incomplete {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Incomplete {
 				block_hash: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 				address_hash: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 				key_hash: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Incomplete {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(3)
 				.append(&self.block_hash)
 				.append(&self.address_hash)
 				.append(&self.key_hash);
 		}
 	}
 	impl super::IncompleteRequest for Incomplete {
 		type Complete = Complete;
 		type Response = Response;
@ -1450,7 +1277,7 @@ pub mod storage {
 	}
 	/// The output of a request for an account state proof.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Response {
 		/// Inclusion/exclusion proof
 		pub proof: Vec<Bytes>,
@ -1464,33 +1291,15 @@ pub mod storage {
 			f(0, Output::Hash(self.value));
 		}
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Response {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Response {
 				proof: rlp.list_at(0)?,
 				value: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Response {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(2)
 				.append_list::<Vec<u8>,_>(&self.proof[..])
 				.append(&self.value);
 		}
 	}
 }
 /// A request for contract code.
 pub mod contract_code {
 	use super::{Field, NoSuchOutput, OutputKind, Output};
 	use rlp::{Encodable, Decodable, DecoderError, RlpStream, UntrustedRlp};
 	use util::{Bytes, H256};
 	/// Potentially incomplete contract code request.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Incomplete {
 		/// The block hash to request the state for.
 		pub block_hash: Field<H256>,
@ -1498,23 +1307,6 @@ pub mod contract_code {
 		pub code_hash: Field<H256>,
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Incomplete {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Incomplete {
 				block_hash: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 				code_hash: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Incomplete {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(2)
 				.append(&self.block_hash)
 				.append(&self.code_hash);
 		}
 	}
 	impl super::IncompleteRequest for Incomplete {
 		type Complete = Complete;
 		type Response = Response;
@ -1573,7 +1365,7 @@ pub mod contract_code {
 	}
 	/// The output of a request for
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodableWrapper, RlpDecodableWrapper)]
 	pub struct Response {
 		/// The requested code.
 		pub code: Bytes,
@ -1583,21 +1375,6 @@ pub mod contract_code {
 		/// Fill reusable outputs by providing them to the function.
 		fn fill_outputs<F>(&self, _: F) where F: FnMut(usize, Output) {}
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Response {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Response {
 				code: rlp.as_val()?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Response {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.append(&self.code);
 		}
 	}
 }
 /// A request for proof of execution.
@ -1608,7 +1385,7 @@ pub mod execution {
 	use util::{Bytes, Address, U256, H256, DBValue};
 	/// Potentially incomplete execution proof request.
-	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+	#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	pub struct Incomplete {
 		/// The block hash to request the state for.
 		pub block_hash: Field<H256>,
@ -1626,38 +1403,6 @@ pub mod execution {
 		pub data: Bytes,
 	}
 	impl Decodable for Incomplete {
 		fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 			Ok(Incomplete {
 				block_hash: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 				from: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 				action: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 				gas: rlp.val_at(3)?,
 				gas_price: rlp.val_at(4)?,
 				value: rlp.val_at(5)?,
 				data: rlp.val_at(6)?,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	impl Encodable for Incomplete {
 		fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 			s.begin_list(7)
 				.append(&self.block_hash)
 				.append(&self.from);
 			match self.action {
 				Action::Create => s.append_empty_data(),
 				Action::Call(ref addr) => s.append(addr),
 			};
 			s.append(&self.gas)
 				.append(&self.gas_price)
 				.append(&self.value)
 				.append(&self.data);
 		}
 	}
 	impl super::IncompleteRequest for Incomplete {
 		type Complete = Complete;
 		type Response = Response;
--- a/ethcore/native_contracts/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/native_contracts/Cargo.toml
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ build = "build.rs"
 ethabi = "2.0"
 futures = "0.1"
 byteorder = "1.0"
-ethcore-util = { path = "../../util" }
+ethcore-bigint = { path = "../../util/bigint" }
 [build-dependencies]
 native-contract-generator = { path = "generator" }
--- a/ethcore/native_contracts/build.rs
+++ b/ethcore/native_contracts/build.rs
@ -21,12 +21,14 @@ use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::Write;
 // TODO: just walk the "res" directory and generate whole crate automatically.
 const KEY_SERVER_SET_ABI: &'static str = include_str!("res/key_server_set.json");
 const REGISTRY_ABI: &'static str = include_str!("res/registrar.json");
 const URLHINT_ABI: &'static str = include_str!("res/urlhint.json");
 const SERVICE_TRANSACTION_ABI: &'static str = include_str!("res/service_transaction.json");
 const SECRETSTORE_ACL_STORAGE_ABI: &'static str = include_str!("res/secretstore_acl_storage.json");
 const VALIDATOR_SET_ABI: &'static str = include_str!("res/validator_set.json");
 const VALIDATOR_REPORT_ABI: &'static str = include_str!("res/validator_report.json");
 const PEER_SET_ABI: &'static str = include_str!("res/peer_set.json");
 const TEST_VALIDATOR_SET_ABI: &'static str = include_str!("res/test_validator_set.json");
@ -45,12 +47,14 @@ fn build_test_contracts() {
 }
 fn main() {
 	build_file("KeyServerSet", KEY_SERVER_SET_ABI, "key_server_set.rs");
 	build_file("Registry", REGISTRY_ABI, "registry.rs");
 	build_file("Urlhint", URLHINT_ABI, "urlhint.rs");
 	build_file("ServiceTransactionChecker", SERVICE_TRANSACTION_ABI, "service_transaction.rs");
 	build_file("SecretStoreAclStorage", SECRETSTORE_ACL_STORAGE_ABI, "secretstore_acl_storage.rs");
 	build_file("ValidatorSet", VALIDATOR_SET_ABI, "validator_set.rs");
 	build_file("ValidatorReport", VALIDATOR_REPORT_ABI, "validator_report.rs");
 	build_file("PeerSet", PEER_SET_ABI, "peer_set.rs");
 	build_test_contracts();
 }
--- a/ethcore/native_contracts/generator/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/native_contracts/generator/src/lib.rs
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 //! Rust code contract generator.
-//! The code generated will require a dependence on the `ethcore-util`,
+//! The code generated will require a dependence on the `ethcore-bigint::prelude`,
 //! `ethabi`, `byteorder`, and `futures` crates.
 //! This currently isn't hygienic, so compilation of generated code may fail
 //! due to missing crates or name collisions. This will change when
@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ pub fn generate_module(struct_name: &str, abi: &str) -> Result<String, Error> {
 use byteorder::{{BigEndian, ByteOrder}};
 use futures::{{future, Future, IntoFuture, BoxFuture}};
 use ethabi::{{Contract, Interface, Token, Event}};
-use util;
+use bigint;
 /// Generated Rust bindings to an Ethereum contract.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct {name} {{
 	contract: Contract,
 	/// Address to make calls to.
-	pub address: util::Address,
+	pub address: bigint::prelude::H160,
 }}
 const ABI: &'static str = r#"{abi_str}"#;
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ const ABI: &'static str = r#"{abi_str}"#;
 impl {name} {{
 	/// Create a new instance of `{name}` with an address.
 	/// Calls can be made, given a callback for dispatching calls asynchronously.
-	pub fn new(address: util::Address) -> Self {{
+	pub fn new(address: bigint::prelude::H160) -> Self {{
 		let contract = Contract::new(Interface::load(ABI.as_bytes())
 			.expect("ABI checked at generation-time; qed"));
 		{name} {{
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ fn generate_functions(contract: &Contract) -> Result<String, Error> {
 /// Outputs: {abi_outputs:?}
 pub fn {snake_name}<F, U>(&self, call: F, {params}) -> BoxFuture<{output_type}, String>
 	where
-	    F: FnOnce(util::Address, Vec<u8>) -> U,
+	    F: FnOnce(bigint::prelude::H160, Vec<u8>) -> U,
 	    U: IntoFuture<Item=Vec<u8>, Error=String>,
 		U::Future: Send + 'static
 {{
@ -217,8 +217,8 @@ fn output_params_codegen(outputs: &[ParamType]) -> Result<(String, String), Para
 // create code for an argument type from param type.
 fn rust_type(input: ParamType) -> Result<String, ParamType> {
 	Ok(match input {
-		ParamType::Address => "util::Address".into(),
+		ParamType::Address => "bigint::prelude::H160".into(),
-		ParamType::FixedBytes(len) if len <= 32 => format!("util::H{}", len * 8),
+		ParamType::FixedBytes(len) if len <= 32 => format!("bigint::prelude::H{}", len * 8),
 		ParamType::Bytes | ParamType::FixedBytes(_) => "Vec<u8>".into(),
 		ParamType::Int(width) => match width {
 			8 | 16 | 32 | 64 => format!("i{}", width),
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ fn rust_type(input: ParamType) -> Result<String, ParamType> {
 		},
 		ParamType::Uint(width) => match width {
 			8 | 16 | 32 | 64 => format!("u{}", width),
-			128 | 160 | 256 => format!("util::U{}", width),
+			128 | 160 | 256 => format!("bigint::prelude::U{}", width),
 			_ => return Err(ParamType::Uint(width)),
 		},
 		ParamType::Bool => "bool".into(),
@ -259,8 +259,8 @@ fn tokenize(name: &str, input: ParamType) -> (bool, String) {
 		},
 		ParamType::Uint(width) => format!(
 			"let mut r = [0; 32]; {}.to_big_endian(&mut r); Token::Uint(r)",
-			if width <= 64 { format!("util::U256::from({} as u64)", name) }
+			if width <= 64 { format!("bigint::prelude::U256::from({} as u64)", name) }
-			else { format!("util::U256::from({})", name) }
+			else { format!("bigint::prelude::U256::from({})", name) }
 		),
 		ParamType::Bool => format!("Token::Bool({})", name),
 		ParamType::String => format!("Token::String({})", name),
@ -281,11 +281,11 @@ fn tokenize(name: &str, input: ParamType) -> (bool, String) {
 // panics on unsupported types.
 fn detokenize(name: &str, output_type: ParamType) -> String {
 	match output_type {
-		ParamType::Address => format!("{}.to_address().map(util::H160)", name),
+		ParamType::Address => format!("{}.to_address().map(bigint::prelude::H160)", name),
 		ParamType::Bytes => format!("{}.to_bytes()", name),
 		ParamType::FixedBytes(len) if len <= 32 => {
 			// ensure no panic on slice too small.
-			let read_hash = format!("b.resize({}, 0); util::H{}::from_slice(&b[..{}])",
+			let read_hash = format!("b.resize({}, 0); bigint::prelude::H{}::from_slice(&b[..{}])",
 				len, len * 8, len);
 			format!("{}.to_fixed_bytes().map(|mut b| {{ {} }})",
@ -302,8 +302,8 @@ fn detokenize(name: &str, output_type: ParamType) -> String {
 		}
 		ParamType::Uint(width) => {
 			let read_uint = match width {
-				8 | 16 | 32 | 64 => format!("util::U256(u).low_u64() as u{}", width),
+				8 | 16 | 32 | 64 => format!("bigint::prelude::U256(u).low_u64() as u{}", width),
-				_ => format!("util::U{}::from(&u[..])", width),
+				_ => format!("bigint::prelude::U{}::from(&u[..])", width),
 			};
 			format!("{}.to_uint().map(|u| {})", name, read_uint)
@ -328,30 +328,30 @@ mod tests {
 	#[test]
 	fn input_types() {
 		assert_eq!(::input_params_codegen(&[]).unwrap().0, "");
-		assert_eq!(::input_params_codegen(&[ParamType::Address]).unwrap().0, "param_0: util::Address, ");
+		assert_eq!(::input_params_codegen(&[ParamType::Address]).unwrap().0, "param_0: bigint::prelude::H160, ");
 		assert_eq!(::input_params_codegen(&[ParamType::Address, ParamType::Bytes]).unwrap().0,
-			"param_0: util::Address, param_1: Vec<u8>, ");
+			"param_0: bigint::prelude::H160, param_1: Vec<u8>, ");
 	}
 	#[test]
 	fn output_types() {
 		assert_eq!(::output_params_codegen(&[]).unwrap().0, "()");
-		assert_eq!(::output_params_codegen(&[ParamType::Address]).unwrap().0, "(util::Address)");
+		assert_eq!(::output_params_codegen(&[ParamType::Address]).unwrap().0, "(bigint::prelude::H160)");
 		assert_eq!(::output_params_codegen(&[ParamType::Address, ParamType::Array(Box::new(ParamType::Bytes))]).unwrap().0,
-			"(util::Address, Vec<Vec<u8>>)");
+			"(bigint::prelude::H160, Vec<Vec<u8>>)");
 	}
 	#[test]
 	fn rust_type() {
-		assert_eq!(::rust_type(ParamType::FixedBytes(32)).unwrap(), "util::H256");
+		assert_eq!(::rust_type(ParamType::FixedBytes(32)).unwrap(), "bigint::prelude::H256");
 		assert_eq!(::rust_type(ParamType::Array(Box::new(ParamType::FixedBytes(32)))).unwrap(),
-			"Vec<util::H256>");
+			"Vec<bigint::prelude::H256>");
 		assert_eq!(::rust_type(ParamType::Uint(64)).unwrap(), "u64");
 		assert!(::rust_type(ParamType::Uint(63)).is_err());
 		assert_eq!(::rust_type(ParamType::Int(32)).unwrap(), "i32");
-		assert_eq!(::rust_type(ParamType::Uint(256)).unwrap(), "util::U256");
+		assert_eq!(::rust_type(ParamType::Uint(256)).unwrap(), "bigint::prelude::U256");
 	}
 	// codegen tests will need bootstrapping of some kind.
--- a/ethcore/native_contracts/res/key_server_set.json
+++ b/ethcore/native_contracts/res/key_server_set.json
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 [{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"name":"keyServersList","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_new","type":"address"}],"name":"setOwner","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"keyServer","type":"address"}],"name":"getKeyServerPublic","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"bytes"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"getKeyServers","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"address[]"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"owner","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"keyServer","type":"address"}],"name":"getKeyServerAddress","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"keyServer","type":"address"}],"name":"removeKeyServer","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"keyServerPublic","type":"bytes"},{"name":"keyServerIp","type":"string"}],"name":"addKeyServer","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"name":"keyServer","type":"address"}],"name":"KeyServerAdded","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"name":"keyServer","type":"address"}],"name":"KeyServerRemoved","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"old","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"current","type":"address"}],"name":"NewOwner","type":"event"}]
--- a/ethcore/native_contracts/res/peer_set.json
+++ b/ethcore/native_contracts/res/peer_set.json
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 [{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"sl","type":"bytes32"},{"name":"sh","type":"bytes32"},{"name":"pl","type":"bytes32"},{"name":"ph","type":"bytes32"}],"name":"connectionAllowed","outputs":[{"name":"res","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"constructor"}]
--- a/ethcore/native_contracts/src/key_server_set.rs
+++ b/ethcore/native_contracts/src/key_server_set.rs
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright 2015-2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
 // This file is part of Parity.
 // Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 // (at your option) any later version.
 // Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #![allow(unused_mut, unused_variables, unused_imports)]
 //! Secret store Key Server set contract.
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/key_server_set.rs"));
--- a/ethcore/native_contracts/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/native_contracts/src/lib.rs
@ -21,20 +21,24 @@
 extern crate futures;
 extern crate byteorder;
 extern crate ethabi;
-extern crate ethcore_util as util;
+extern crate ethcore_bigint as bigint;
 mod key_server_set;
 mod registry;
 mod urlhint;
 mod service_transaction;
 mod secretstore_acl_storage;
 mod validator_set;
 mod validator_report;
 mod peer_set;
 pub mod test_contracts;
 pub use self::key_server_set::KeyServerSet;
 pub use self::registry::Registry;
 pub use self::urlhint::Urlhint;
 pub use self::service_transaction::ServiceTransactionChecker;
 pub use self::secretstore_acl_storage::SecretStoreAclStorage;
 pub use self::validator_set::ValidatorSet;
 pub use self::validator_report::ValidatorReport;
 pub use self::peer_set::PeerSet;
--- a/ethcore/native_contracts/src/peer_set.rs
+++ b/ethcore/native_contracts/src/peer_set.rs
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright 2015-2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
 // This file is part of Parity.
 // Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 // (at your option) any later version.
 // Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #![allow(unused_mut, unused_variables, unused_imports)]
 //! Peer set contract.
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/peer_set.rs"));
--- a/ethcore/node_filter/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/node_filter/Cargo.toml
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 [package]
 description = "Parity smart network connections"
 homepage = "http://parity.io"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 name = "node-filter"
 version = "1.8.0"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 [dependencies]
 ethcore = { path = ".."}
 ethcore-util = { path = "../../util" }
 ethcore-io = { path = "../../util/io" }
 ethcore-network = { path = "../../util/network" }
 native-contracts = { path = "../native_contracts" }
 futures = "0.1"
 log = "0.3"
--- a/ethcore/node_filter/res/node_filter.json
+++ b/ethcore/node_filter/res/node_filter.json
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
 {
 	"name": "TestNodeFilterContract",
 	"engine": {
 		"authorityRound": {
 			"params": {
 				"stepDuration": 1,
 				"startStep": 2,
 				"validators": {
 					"contract": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000005"
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	},
 	"params": {
 		"accountStartNonce": "0x0",
 		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
 		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
 		"networkID" : "0x69",
 		"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400"
 	},
 	"genesis": {
 		"seal": {
 			"generic": "0xc180"
 		},
 		"difficulty": "0x20000",
 		"author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 		"timestamp": "0x00",
 		"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 		"extraData": "0x",
 		"gasLimit": "0x222222"
 	},
 	"accounts": {
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": {
 			"balance": "1",
 			"constructor": "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"
 		},
 		"0x7d577a597b2742b498cb5cf0c26cdcd726d39e6e": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376" },
 		"0x82a978b3f5962a5b0957d9ee9eef472ee55b42f1": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376" }
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/node_filter/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/node_filter/src/lib.rs
@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
 // Copyright 2015-2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
 // This file is part of Parity.
 // Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 // (at your option) any later version.
 // Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 //! Smart contract based node filter.
 extern crate ethcore;
 extern crate ethcore_util as util;
 extern crate ethcore_network as network;
 extern crate native_contracts;
 extern crate futures;
 #[cfg(test)] extern crate ethcore_io as io;
 #[macro_use] extern crate log;
 use std::sync::Weak;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use native_contracts::PeerSet as Contract;
 use network::{NodeId, ConnectionFilter, ConnectionDirection};
 use ethcore::client::{BlockChainClient, BlockId, ChainNotify};
 use util::{Mutex, Address, H256, Bytes};
 use futures::Future;
 const MAX_CACHE_SIZE: usize = 4096;
 /// Connection filter that uses a contract to manage permissions.
 pub struct NodeFilter {
 	contract: Mutex<Option<Contract>>,
 	client: Weak<BlockChainClient>,
 	contract_address: Address,
 	permission_cache: Mutex<HashMap<NodeId, bool>>,
 }
 impl NodeFilter {
 	/// Create a new instance. Accepts a contract address.
 	pub fn new(client: Weak<BlockChainClient>, contract_address: Address) -> NodeFilter {
 		NodeFilter {
 			contract: Mutex::new(None),
 			client: client,
 			contract_address: contract_address,
 			permission_cache: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
 		}
 	}
 	/// Clear cached permissions.
 	pub fn clear_cache(&self) {
 		self.permission_cache.lock().clear();
 	}
 }
 impl ConnectionFilter for NodeFilter {
 	fn connection_allowed(&self, own_id: &NodeId, connecting_id: &NodeId, _direction: ConnectionDirection) -> bool {
 		let mut cache = self.permission_cache.lock();
 		if let Some(res) = cache.get(connecting_id) {
 			return *res;
 		}
 		let mut contract = self.contract.lock();
 		if contract.is_none() {
 			*contract = Some(Contract::new(self.contract_address));
 		}
 		let allowed = match (self.client.upgrade(), &*contract) {
 			(Some(ref client), &Some(ref contract)) => {
 				let own_low = H256::from_slice(&own_id[0..32]);
 				let own_high = H256::from_slice(&own_id[32..64]);
 				let id_low = H256::from_slice(&connecting_id[0..32]);
 				let id_high = H256::from_slice(&connecting_id[32..64]);
 				let allowed = contract.connection_allowed(
 					|addr, data| futures::done(client.call_contract(BlockId::Latest, addr, data)),
 					own_low,
 					own_high,
 					id_low,
 					id_high,
 				).wait().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
 					debug!("Error callling peer set contract: {:?}", e);
 					false
 				});
 				allowed
 			}
 			_ => false,
 		};
 		if cache.len() < MAX_CACHE_SIZE {
 			cache.insert(*connecting_id, allowed);
 		}
 		allowed
 	}
 }
 impl ChainNotify for NodeFilter {
 	fn new_blocks(&self, imported: Vec<H256>, _invalid: Vec<H256>, _enacted: Vec<H256>, _retracted: Vec<H256>, _sealed: Vec<H256>, _proposed: Vec<Bytes>, _duration: u64) {
 		if !imported.is_empty() {
 			self.clear_cache();
 		}
 	}
 }
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
 	use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 	use std::str::FromStr;
 	use ethcore::spec::Spec;
 	use ethcore::client::{BlockChainClient, Client, ClientConfig};
 	use ethcore::miner::Miner;
 	use util::{Address};
 	use network::{ConnectionDirection, ConnectionFilter, NodeId};
 	use io::IoChannel;
 	use super::NodeFilter;
 	/// Contract code: https://gist.github.com/arkpar/467dbcc73cbb85b0997a7a10ffa0695f
 	#[test]
 	fn node_filter() {
 		let contract_addr = Address::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000005").unwrap();
 		let data = include_bytes!("../res/node_filter.json");
 		let spec = Spec::load(::std::env::temp_dir(), &data[..]).unwrap();
 		let client_db = Arc::new(::util::kvdb::in_memory(::ethcore::db::NUM_COLUMNS.unwrap_or(0)));
 		let client = Client::new(
 			ClientConfig::default(),
 			&spec,
 			client_db,
 			Arc::new(Miner::with_spec(&spec)),
 			IoChannel::disconnected(),
 		).unwrap();
 		let filter = NodeFilter::new(Arc::downgrade(&client) as Weak<BlockChainClient>, contract_addr);
 		let self1 = NodeId::from_str("00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002").unwrap();
 		let self2 = NodeId::from_str("00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003").unwrap();
 		let node1 = NodeId::from_str("00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012").unwrap();
 		let node2 = NodeId::from_str("00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000022").unwrap();
 		let nodex = NodeId::from_str("77000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap();
 		assert!(filter.connection_allowed(&self1, &node1, ConnectionDirection::Inbound));
 		assert!(filter.connection_allowed(&self1, &nodex, ConnectionDirection::Inbound));
 		filter.clear_cache();
 		assert!(filter.connection_allowed(&self2, &node1, ConnectionDirection::Inbound));
 		assert!(filter.connection_allowed(&self2, &node2, ConnectionDirection::Inbound));
 		assert!(!filter.connection_allowed(&self2, &nodex, ConnectionDirection::Inbound));
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/wasm-tests
+++ b/ethcore/res/wasm-tests
@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 04c9d84c5fe5c3ad707be58664c7e72b97cc9996
+Subproject commit 519b0b967cffd7d1236ef21698b1e6e415a048e9
--- a/ethcore/src/account_provider/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/account_provider/mod.rs
@ -519,6 +519,11 @@ impl AccountProvider {
 		}
 	}
 	/// Returns account public key.
 	pub fn account_public(&self, address: Address, password: &str) -> Result<Public, Error> {
 		self.sstore.public(&self.sstore.account_ref(&address)?, password)
 	}
 	/// Returns each account along with name and meta.
 	pub fn set_account_name(&self, address: Address, name: String) -> Result<(), Error> {
 		self.sstore.set_name(&self.sstore.account_ref(&address)?, name)?;
@ -697,6 +702,13 @@ impl AccountProvider {
 		Ok(self.sstore.decrypt(&account, &password, shared_mac, message)?)
 	}
 	/// Agree on shared key.
 	pub fn agree(&self, address: Address, password: Option<String>, other_public: &Public) -> Result<Secret, SignError> {
 		let account = self.sstore.account_ref(&address)?;
 		let password = password.map(Ok).unwrap_or_else(|| self.password(&account))?;
 		Ok(self.sstore.agree(&account, &password, other_public)?)
 	}
 	/// Returns the underlying `SecretStore` reference if one exists.
 	pub fn list_geth_accounts(&self, testnet: bool) -> Vec<Address> {
 		self.sstore.list_geth_accounts(testnet).into_iter().map(|a| Address::from(a).into()).collect()
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/blockchain.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/blockchain.rs
@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::mem;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use bloomchain as bc;
 use util::*;
 use rlp::*;
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/extras.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/extras.rs
@ -25,11 +25,9 @@ use engines::epoch::{Transition as EpochTransition};
 use header::BlockNumber;
 use receipt::Receipt;
-use rlp::*;
+use util::{HeapSizeOf, H256, H264, U256};
 use util::*;
 use util::kvdb::PREFIX_LEN as DB_PREFIX_LEN;
 /// Represents index of extra data in database
 #[derive(Copy, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
 pub enum ExtrasIndex {
@ -184,7 +182,7 @@ impl Key<EpochTransitions> for u64 {
 }
 /// Familial details concerning a block
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 pub struct BlockDetails {
 	/// Block number
 	pub number: BlockNumber,
@ -202,30 +200,8 @@ impl HeapSizeOf for BlockDetails {
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for BlockDetails {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		let details = BlockDetails {
 			number: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			total_difficulty: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			parent: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 			children: rlp.list_at(3)?,
 		};
 		Ok(details)
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for BlockDetails {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(4);
 		s.append(&self.number);
 		s.append(&self.total_difficulty);
 		s.append(&self.parent);
 		s.append_list(&self.children);
 	}
 }
 /// Represents address of certain transaction within block
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 pub struct TransactionAddress {
 	/// Block hash
 	pub block_hash: H256,
@ -237,27 +213,8 @@ impl HeapSizeOf for TransactionAddress {
 	fn heap_size_of_children(&self) -> usize { 0 }
 }
 impl Decodable for TransactionAddress {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		let tx_address = TransactionAddress {
 			block_hash: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			index: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 		};
 		Ok(tx_address)
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for TransactionAddress {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(2);
 		s.append(&self.block_hash);
 		s.append(&self.index);
 	}
 }
 /// Contains all block receipts.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, RlpEncodableWrapper, RlpDecodableWrapper)]
 pub struct BlockReceipts {
 	pub receipts: Vec<Receipt>,
 }
@ -270,20 +227,6 @@ impl BlockReceipts {
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for BlockReceipts {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		Ok(BlockReceipts {
 			receipts: rlp.as_list()?,
 		})
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for BlockReceipts {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.append_list(&self.receipts);
 	}
 }
 impl HeapSizeOf for BlockReceipts {
 	fn heap_size_of_children(&self) -> usize {
 		self.receipts.heap_size_of_children()
@ -291,27 +234,12 @@ impl HeapSizeOf for BlockReceipts {
 }
 /// Candidate transitions to an epoch with specific number.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 pub struct EpochTransitions {
 	pub number: u64,
 	pub candidates: Vec<EpochTransition>,
 }
 impl Encodable for EpochTransitions {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(2).append(&self.number).append_list(&self.candidates);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for EpochTransitions {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		Ok(EpochTransitions {
 			number: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			candidates: rlp.list_at(1)?,
 		})
 	}
 }
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	use rlp::*;
--- a/ethcore/src/blooms/bloom.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blooms/bloom.rs
@ -15,12 +15,11 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 use bloomchain as bc;
 use rlp::*;
 use util::HeapSizeOf;
 use basic_types::LogBloom;
 /// Helper structure representing bloom of the trace.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, RlpEncodableWrapper, RlpDecodableWrapper)]
 pub struct Bloom(LogBloom);
 impl From<LogBloom> for Bloom {
@ -43,18 +42,6 @@ impl Into<bc::Bloom> for Bloom {
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for Bloom {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		LogBloom::decode(rlp).map(Bloom)
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for Bloom {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		Encodable::rlp_append(&self.0, s)
 	}
 }
 impl HeapSizeOf for Bloom {
 	fn heap_size_of_children(&self) -> usize {
 		0
--- a/ethcore/src/client/client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/client.rs
@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, AtomicBool, Ordering as AtomicOrdering};
 use std::time::{Instant};
 use time::precise_time_ns;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 // util
-use util::{Bytes, PerfTimer, Itertools, Mutex, RwLock, MutexGuard, Hashable};
+use util::{Bytes, PerfTimer, Mutex, RwLock, MutexGuard, Hashable};
 use util::{journaldb, DBValue, TrieFactory, Trie};
 use util::{U256, H256, Address, H2048};
 use util::trie::TrieSpec;
@ -747,7 +748,7 @@ impl Client {
 								self.factories.clone(),
 							).expect("state known to be available for just-imported block; qed");
-							let options = TransactOptions { tracing: false, vm_tracing: false, check_nonce: false };
+							let options = TransactOptions::with_no_tracing().dont_check_nonce();
 							let res = Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine)
 								.transact(&transaction, options);
@ -906,7 +907,7 @@ impl Client {
 	pub fn state_at(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<State<StateDB>> {
 		// fast path for latest state.
 		match id.clone() {
-			BlockId::Pending => return self.miner.pending_state().or_else(|| Some(self.state())),
+			BlockId::Pending => return self.miner.pending_state(self.chain.read().best_block_number()).or_else(|| Some(self.state())),
 			BlockId::Latest => return Some(self.state()),
 			_ => {},
 		}
@ -1055,19 +1056,20 @@ impl Client {
 		self.history
 	}
-	fn block_hash(chain: &BlockChain, id: BlockId) -> Option<H256> {
+	fn block_hash(chain: &BlockChain, miner: &Miner, id: BlockId) -> Option<H256> {
 		match id {
 			BlockId::Hash(hash) => Some(hash),
 			BlockId::Number(number) => chain.block_hash(number),
 			BlockId::Earliest => chain.block_hash(0),
-			BlockId::Latest | BlockId::Pending => Some(chain.best_block_hash()),
+			BlockId::Latest => Some(chain.best_block_hash()),
 			BlockId::Pending => miner.pending_block_header(chain.best_block_number()).map(|header| header.hash())
 		}
 	}
 	fn transaction_address(&self, id: TransactionId) -> Option<TransactionAddress> {
 		match id {
 			TransactionId::Hash(ref hash) => self.chain.read().transaction_address(hash),
-			TransactionId::Location(id, index) => Self::block_hash(&self.chain.read(), id).map(|hash| TransactionAddress {
+			TransactionId::Location(id, index) => Self::block_hash(&self.chain.read(), &self.miner, id).map(|hash| TransactionAddress {
 				block_hash: hash,
 				index: index,
 			})
@ -1110,6 +1112,41 @@ impl Client {
 			data: data,
 		}.fake_sign(from)
 	}
 	fn do_virtual_call(&self, env_info: &EnvInfo, state: &mut State<StateDB>, t: &SignedTransaction, analytics: CallAnalytics) -> Result<Executed, CallError> {
 		fn call<E, V, T>(
 			state: &mut State<StateDB>,
 			env_info: &EnvInfo,
 			engine: &E,
 			state_diff: bool,
 			transaction: &SignedTransaction,
 			options: TransactOptions<T, V>,
 		) -> Result<Executed, CallError> where
 			E: Engine + ?Sized,
 			T: trace::Tracer,
 			V: trace::VMTracer,
 		{
 			let options = options.dont_check_nonce();
 			let original_state = if state_diff { Some(state.clone()) } else { None };
 			let mut ret = Executive::new(state, env_info, engine).transact_virtual(transaction, options)?;
 			if let Some(original) = original_state {
 				ret.state_diff = Some(state.diff_from(original).map_err(ExecutionError::from)?);
 			}
 			Ok(ret)
 		}
 		let state_diff = analytics.state_diffing;
 		let engine = &*self.engine;
 		match (analytics.transaction_tracing, analytics.vm_tracing) {
 			(true, true) => call(state, env_info, engine, state_diff, t, TransactOptions::with_tracing_and_vm_tracing()),
 			(true, false) => call(state, env_info, engine, state_diff, t, TransactOptions::with_tracing()),
 			(false, true) => call(state, env_info, engine, state_diff, t, TransactOptions::with_vm_tracing()),
 			(false, false) => call(state, env_info, engine, state_diff, t, TransactOptions::with_no_tracing()),
 		}
 	}
 }
 impl snapshot::DatabaseRestore for Client {
@ -1134,23 +1171,31 @@ impl snapshot::DatabaseRestore for Client {
 }
 impl BlockChainClient for Client {
-	fn call(&self, t: &SignedTransaction, block: BlockId, analytics: CallAnalytics) -> Result<Executed, CallError> {
+	fn call(&self, transaction: &SignedTransaction, analytics: CallAnalytics, block: BlockId) -> Result<Executed, CallError> {
 		let mut env_info = self.env_info(block).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
 		env_info.gas_limit = U256::max_value();
 		// that's just a copy of the state.
 		let mut state = self.state_at(block).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
 		let original_state = if analytics.state_diffing { Some(state.clone()) } else { None };
-		let options = TransactOptions { tracing: analytics.transaction_tracing, vm_tracing: analytics.vm_tracing, check_nonce: false };
+		self.do_virtual_call(&env_info, &mut state, transaction, analytics)
-		let mut ret = Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine).transact_virtual(t, options)?;
+	}
-		// TODO gav move this into Executive.
+	fn call_many(&self, transactions: &[(SignedTransaction, CallAnalytics)], block: BlockId) -> Result<Vec<Executed>, CallError> {
-		if let Some(original) = original_state {
+		let mut env_info = self.env_info(block).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
-			ret.state_diff = Some(state.diff_from(original).map_err(ExecutionError::from)?);
+		env_info.gas_limit = U256::max_value();
 		// that's just a copy of the state.
 		let mut state = self.state_at(block).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
 		let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(transactions.len());
 		for &(ref t, analytics) in transactions {
 			let ret = self.do_virtual_call(&env_info, &mut state, t, analytics)?;
 			env_info.gas_used = ret.cumulative_gas_used;
 			results.push(ret);
 		}
-		Ok(ret)
+		Ok(results)
 	}
 	fn estimate_gas(&self, t: &SignedTransaction, block: BlockId) -> Result<U256, CallError> {
@ -1165,7 +1210,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		// that's just a copy of the state.
 		let original_state = self.state_at(block).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
 		let sender = t.sender();
-		let options = TransactOptions { tracing: true, vm_tracing: false, check_nonce: false };
+		let options = || TransactOptions::with_tracing();
 		let cond = |gas| {
 			let mut tx = t.as_unsigned().clone();
@ -1174,7 +1219,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 			let mut state = original_state.clone();
 			Ok(Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine)
-				.transact_virtual(&tx, options.clone())
+				.transact_virtual(&tx, options())
 				.map(|r| r.exception.is_none())
 				.unwrap_or(false))
 		};
@ -1230,22 +1275,17 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 			return Err(CallError::TransactionNotFound);
 		}
 		let options = TransactOptions { tracing: analytics.transaction_tracing, vm_tracing: analytics.vm_tracing, check_nonce: false };
 		const PROOF: &'static str = "Transactions fetched from blockchain; blockchain transactions are valid; qed";
 		let rest = txs.split_off(address.index);
 		for t in txs {
 			let t = SignedTransaction::new(t).expect(PROOF);
-			let x = Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine).transact(&t, Default::default())?;
+			let x = Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine).transact(&t, TransactOptions::with_no_tracing())?;
 			env_info.gas_used = env_info.gas_used + x.gas_used;
 		}
 		let first = rest.into_iter().next().expect("We split off < `address.index`; Length is checked earlier; qed");
 		let t = SignedTransaction::new(first).expect(PROOF);
-		let original_state = if analytics.state_diffing { Some(state.clone()) } else { None };
+
-		let mut ret = Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine).transact(&t, options)?;
+		self.do_virtual_call(&env_info, &mut state, &t, analytics)
 		if let Some(original) = original_state {
 			ret.state_diff = Some(state.diff_from(original).map_err(ExecutionError::from)?)
 		}
 		Ok(ret)
 	}
 	fn mode(&self) -> IpcMode {
@ -1303,7 +1343,16 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<::encoded::Header> {
 		let chain = self.chain.read();
-		Self::block_hash(&chain, id).and_then(|hash| chain.block_header_data(&hash))
+
 		if let BlockId::Pending = id {
 			if let Some(block) = self.miner.pending_block(chain.best_block_number()) {
 				return Some(encoded::Header::new(block.header.rlp(Seal::Without)));
 			}
 			// fall back to latest
 			return self.block_header(BlockId::Latest);
 		}
 		Self::block_hash(&chain, &self.miner, id).and_then(|hash| chain.block_header_data(&hash))
 	}
 	fn block_number(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<BlockNumber> {
@ -1311,30 +1360,48 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 			BlockId::Number(number) => Some(number),
 			BlockId::Hash(ref hash) => self.chain.read().block_number(hash),
 			BlockId::Earliest => Some(0),
-			BlockId::Latest | BlockId::Pending => Some(self.chain.read().best_block_number()),
+			BlockId::Latest => Some(self.chain.read().best_block_number()),
 			BlockId::Pending => Some(self.chain.read().best_block_number() + 1),
 		}
 	}
 	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Body> {
 		let chain = self.chain.read();
-		Self::block_hash(&chain, id).and_then(|hash| chain.block_body(&hash))
+
 		if let BlockId::Pending = id {
 			if let Some(block) = self.miner.pending_block(chain.best_block_number()) {
 				return Some(encoded::Body::new(BlockChain::block_to_body(&block.rlp_bytes(Seal::Without))));
 			}
 			// fall back to latest
 			return self.block_body(BlockId::Latest);
 		}
 		Self::block_hash(&chain, &self.miner, id).and_then(|hash| chain.block_body(&hash))
 	}
 	fn block(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Block> {
 		let chain = self.chain.read();
 		if let BlockId::Pending = id {
-			if let Some(block) = self.miner.pending_block() {
+			if let Some(block) = self.miner.pending_block(chain.best_block_number()) {
 				return Some(encoded::Block::new(block.rlp_bytes(Seal::Without)));
 			}
 			// fall back to latest
 			return self.block(BlockId::Latest);
 		}
-		let chain = self.chain.read();
+
-		Self::block_hash(&chain, id).and_then(|hash| {
+		Self::block_hash(&chain, &self.miner, id).and_then(|hash| {
 			chain.block(&hash)
 		})
 	}
 	fn block_status(&self, id: BlockId) -> BlockStatus {
 		if let BlockId::Pending = id {
 			return BlockStatus::Pending;
 		}
 		let chain = self.chain.read();
-		match Self::block_hash(&chain, id) {
+		match Self::block_hash(&chain, &self.miner, id) {
 			Some(ref hash) if chain.is_known(hash) => BlockStatus::InChain,
 			Some(hash) => self.block_queue.status(&hash).into(),
 			None => BlockStatus::Unknown
@ -1342,13 +1409,18 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	}
 	fn block_total_difficulty(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<U256> {
 		if let BlockId::Pending = id {
 			if let Some(block) = self.miner.pending_block() {
 				return Some(*block.header.difficulty() + self.block_total_difficulty(BlockId::Latest).expect("blocks in chain have details; qed"));
 			}
 		}
 		let chain = self.chain.read();
-		Self::block_hash(&chain, id).and_then(|hash| chain.block_details(&hash)).map(|d| d.total_difficulty)
+		if let BlockId::Pending = id {
 			let latest_difficulty = self.block_total_difficulty(BlockId::Latest).expect("blocks in chain have details; qed");
 			let pending_difficulty = self.miner.pending_block_header(chain.best_block_number()).map(|header| *header.difficulty());
 			if let Some(difficulty) = pending_difficulty {
 				return Some(difficulty + latest_difficulty);
 			}
 			// fall back to latest
 			return Some(latest_difficulty);
 		}
 		Self::block_hash(&chain, &self.miner, id).and_then(|hash| chain.block_details(&hash)).map(|d| d.total_difficulty)
 	}
 	fn nonce(&self, address: &Address, id: BlockId) -> Option<U256> {
@ -1361,7 +1433,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	fn block_hash(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<H256> {
 		let chain = self.chain.read();
-		Self::block_hash(&chain, id)
+		Self::block_hash(&chain, &self.miner, id)
 	}
 	fn code(&self, address: &Address, id: BlockId) -> Option<Option<Bytes>> {
@ -1526,7 +1598,8 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 			if self.chain.read().is_known(&unverified.hash()) {
 				return Err(BlockImportError::Import(ImportError::AlreadyInChain));
 			}
-			if self.block_status(BlockId::Hash(unverified.parent_hash())) == BlockStatus::Unknown {
+			let status = self.block_status(BlockId::Hash(unverified.parent_hash()));
 			if status == BlockStatus::Unknown || status == BlockStatus::Pending {
 				return Err(BlockImportError::Block(BlockError::UnknownParent(unverified.parent_hash())));
 			}
 		}
@ -1540,7 +1613,8 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 			if self.chain.read().is_known(&header.hash()) {
 				return Err(BlockImportError::Import(ImportError::AlreadyInChain));
 			}
-			if self.block_status(BlockId::Hash(header.parent_hash())) == BlockStatus::Unknown {
+			let status = self.block_status(BlockId::Hash(header.parent_hash()));
 			if  status == BlockStatus::Unknown || status == BlockStatus::Pending {
 				return Err(BlockImportError::Block(BlockError::UnknownParent(header.parent_hash())));
 			}
 		}
@ -1662,8 +1736,8 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		}
 	}
-	fn signing_network_id(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+	fn signing_chain_id(&self) -> Option<u64> {
-		self.engine.signing_network_id(&self.latest_env_info())
+		self.engine.signing_chain_id(&self.latest_env_info())
 	}
 	fn block_extra_info(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<BTreeMap<String, String>> {
@ -1686,7 +1760,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	fn call_contract(&self, block_id: BlockId, address: Address, data: Bytes) -> Result<Bytes, String> {
 		let transaction = self.contract_call_tx(block_id, address, data);
-		self.call(&transaction, block_id, Default::default())
+		self.call(&transaction, Default::default(), block_id)
 			.map_err(|e| format!("{:?}", e))
 			.map(|executed| {
 				executed.output
@ -1702,9 +1776,9 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 			value: U256::zero(),
 			data: data,
 		};
-		let network_id = self.engine.signing_network_id(&self.latest_env_info());
+		let chain_id = self.engine.signing_chain_id(&self.latest_env_info());
-		let signature = self.engine.sign(transaction.hash(network_id))?;
+		let signature = self.engine.sign(transaction.hash(chain_id))?;
-		let signed = SignedTransaction::new(transaction.with_signature(signature, network_id))?;
+		let signed = SignedTransaction::new(transaction.with_signature(signature, chain_id))?;
 		self.miner.import_own_transaction(self, signed.into())
 	}
@ -1893,7 +1967,7 @@ impl ProvingBlockChainClient for Client {
 		let backend = state::backend::Proving::new(jdb.as_hashdb_mut());
 		let mut state = state.replace_backend(backend);
-		let options = TransactOptions { tracing: false, vm_tracing: false, check_nonce: false };
+		let options = TransactOptions::with_no_tracing().dont_check_nonce();
 		let res = Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine).transact(&transaction, options);
 		match res {
--- a/ethcore/src/client/evm_test_client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/evm_test_client.rs
@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use util::{self, U256, journaldb, trie};
+use util::{self, U256, H256, journaldb, trie};
 use util::kvdb::{self, KeyValueDB};
-use {state, state_db, client, executive, trace, db, spec};
+use {state, state_db, client, executive, trace, transaction, db, spec, pod_state};
 use factory::Factories;
 use evm::{self, VMType};
 use vm::{self, ActionParams};
@ -33,9 +33,17 @@ pub enum EvmTestError {
 	/// EVM error.
 	Evm(vm::Error),
 	/// Initialization error.
-	Initialization(::error::Error),
+	ClientError(::error::Error),
 	/// Low-level database error.
 	Database(String),
 	/// Post-condition failure,
 	PostCondition(String),
 }
 impl<E: Into<::error::Error>> From<E> for EvmTestError {
 	fn from(err: E) -> Self {
 		EvmTestError::ClientError(err.into())
 	}
 }
 impl fmt::Display for EvmTestError {
@ -45,52 +53,114 @@ impl fmt::Display for EvmTestError {
 		match *self {
 			Trie(ref err) => write!(fmt, "Trie: {}", err),
 			Evm(ref err) => write!(fmt, "EVM: {}", err),
-			Initialization(ref err) => write!(fmt, "Initialization: {}", err),
+			ClientError(ref err) => write!(fmt, "{}", err),
 			Database(ref err) => write!(fmt, "DB: {}", err),
 			PostCondition(ref err) => write!(fmt, "{}", err),
 		}
 	}
 }
-/// Simplified, single-block EVM test client.
+use ethereum;
-pub struct EvmTestClient {
+use ethjson::state::test::ForkSpec;
-	state_db: state_db::StateDB,
+
-	factories: Factories,
+lazy_static! {
-	spec: spec::Spec,
+	pub static ref FRONTIER: spec::Spec = ethereum::new_frontier_test();
 	pub static ref HOMESTEAD: spec::Spec = ethereum::new_homestead_test();
 	pub static ref EIP150: spec::Spec = ethereum::new_eip150_test();
 	pub static ref EIP161: spec::Spec = ethereum::new_eip161_test();
 	pub static ref _METROPOLIS: spec::Spec = ethereum::new_metropolis_test();
 }
-impl EvmTestClient {
+/// Simplified, single-block EVM test client.
-	/// Creates new EVM test client with in-memory DB initialized with genesis of given Spec.
+pub struct EvmTestClient<'a> {
-	pub fn new(spec: spec::Spec) -> Result<Self, EvmTestError> {
+	state: state::State<state_db::StateDB>,
-		let factories = Factories {
+	spec: &'a spec::Spec,
-			vm: evm::Factory::new(VMType::Interpreter, 5 * 1024),
+}
-			trie: trie::TrieFactory::new(trie::TrieSpec::Secure),
+
-			accountdb: Default::default(),
+impl<'a> EvmTestClient<'a> {
-		};
+	/// Converts a json spec definition into spec.
-		let db = Arc::new(kvdb::in_memory(db::NUM_COLUMNS.expect("We use column-based DB; qed")));
+	pub fn spec_from_json(spec: &ForkSpec) -> Option<&'static spec::Spec> {
-		let journal_db = journaldb::new(db.clone(), journaldb::Algorithm::EarlyMerge, db::COL_STATE);
+		match *spec {
-		let mut state_db = state_db::StateDB::new(journal_db, 5 * 1024 * 1024);
+			ForkSpec::Frontier => Some(&*FRONTIER),
-		state_db = spec.ensure_db_good(state_db, &factories).map_err(EvmTestError::Initialization)?;
+			ForkSpec::Homestead => Some(&*HOMESTEAD),
-		// Write DB
+			ForkSpec::EIP150 => Some(&*EIP150),
-		{
+			ForkSpec::EIP158 => Some(&*EIP161),
-			let mut batch = kvdb::DBTransaction::new();
+			ForkSpec::Metropolis | ForkSpec::Byzantium | ForkSpec::Constantinople => None,
 			state_db.journal_under(&mut batch, 0, &spec.genesis_header().hash()).map_err(|e| EvmTestError::Initialization(e.into()))?;
 			db.write(batch).map_err(EvmTestError::Database)?;
 		}
 	}
 	/// Creates new EVM test client with in-memory DB initialized with genesis of given Spec.
 	pub fn new(spec: &'a spec::Spec) -> Result<Self, EvmTestError> {
 		let factories = Self::factories();
 		let state =	Self::state_from_spec(spec, &factories)?;
 		Ok(EvmTestClient {
-			state_db,
+			state,
 			factories,
 			spec,
 		})
 	}
-	/// Call given contract.
+	/// Creates new EVM test client with in-memory DB initialized with given PodState.
 	pub fn from_pod_state(spec: &'a spec::Spec, pod_state: pod_state::PodState) -> Result<Self, EvmTestError> {
 		let factories = Self::factories();
 		let state =	Self::state_from_pod(spec, &factories, pod_state)?;
 		Ok(EvmTestClient {
 			state,
 			spec,
 		})
 	}
 	fn factories() -> Factories {
 		Factories {
 			vm: evm::Factory::new(VMType::Interpreter, 5 * 1024),
 			trie: trie::TrieFactory::new(trie::TrieSpec::Secure),
 			accountdb: Default::default(),
 		}
 	}
 	fn state_from_spec(spec: &'a spec::Spec, factories: &Factories) -> Result<state::State<state_db::StateDB>, EvmTestError> {
 		let db = Arc::new(kvdb::in_memory(db::NUM_COLUMNS.expect("We use column-based DB; qed")));
 		let journal_db = journaldb::new(db.clone(), journaldb::Algorithm::EarlyMerge, db::COL_STATE);
 		let mut state_db = state_db::StateDB::new(journal_db, 5 * 1024 * 1024);
 		state_db = spec.ensure_db_good(state_db, factories)?;
 		let genesis = spec.genesis_header();
 		// Write DB
 		{
 			let mut batch = kvdb::DBTransaction::new();
 			state_db.journal_under(&mut batch, 0, &genesis.hash())?;
 			db.write(batch).map_err(EvmTestError::Database)?;
 		}
 		state::State::from_existing(
 			state_db,
 			*genesis.state_root(),
 			spec.engine.account_start_nonce(0),
 			factories.clone()
 		).map_err(EvmTestError::Trie)
 	}
 	fn state_from_pod(spec: &'a spec::Spec, factories: &Factories, pod_state: pod_state::PodState) -> Result<state::State<state_db::StateDB>, EvmTestError> {
 		let db = Arc::new(kvdb::in_memory(db::NUM_COLUMNS.expect("We use column-based DB; qed")));
 		let journal_db = journaldb::new(db.clone(), journaldb::Algorithm::EarlyMerge, db::COL_STATE);
 		let state_db = state_db::StateDB::new(journal_db, 5 * 1024 * 1024);
 		let mut state = state::State::new(
 			state_db,
 			spec.engine.account_start_nonce(0),
 			factories.clone(),
 		);
 		state.populate_from(pod_state);
 		state.commit()?;
 		Ok(state)
 	}
 	/// Execute the VM given ActionParams and tracer.
 	/// Returns amount of gas left and the output.
 	pub fn call<T: trace::VMTracer>(&mut self, params: ActionParams, vm_tracer: &mut T)
 		-> Result<(U256, Vec<u8>), EvmTestError>
 	{
 		let genesis = self.spec.genesis_header();
 		let mut state = state::State::from_existing(self.state_db.boxed_clone(), *genesis.state_root(), self.spec.engine.account_start_nonce(0), self.factories.clone())
 			.map_err(EvmTestError::Trie)?;
 		let info = client::EnvInfo {
 			number: genesis.number(),
 			author: *genesis.author(),
@ -103,7 +173,7 @@ impl EvmTestClient {
 		let mut substate = state::Substate::new();
 		let mut tracer = trace::NoopTracer;
 		let mut output = vec![];
-		let mut executive = executive::Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &*self.spec.engine);
+		let mut executive = executive::Executive::new(&mut self.state, &info, &*self.spec.engine);
 		let (gas_left, _) = executive.call(
 			params,
 			&mut substate,
@ -114,4 +184,59 @@ impl EvmTestClient {
 		Ok((gas_left, output))
 	}
 	/// Executes a SignedTransaction within context of the provided state and `EnvInfo`.
 	/// Returns the state root, gas left and the output.
 	pub fn transact<T: trace::VMTracer>(
 		&mut self,
 		env_info: &client::EnvInfo,
 		transaction: transaction::SignedTransaction,
 		vm_tracer: T,
 	) -> TransactResult {
 		let initial_gas = transaction.gas;
 		// Verify transaction
 		let is_ok = transaction.verify_basic(true, None, env_info.number >= self.spec.engine.params().eip86_transition);
 		if let Err(error) = is_ok {
 			return TransactResult::Err {
 				state_root: *self.state.root(),
 				error,
 			};
 		}
 		// Apply transaction
 		let tracer = trace::NoopTracer;
 		let result = self.state.apply_with_tracing(&env_info, &*self.spec.engine, &transaction, tracer, vm_tracer);
 		match result {
 			Ok(result) => TransactResult::Ok {
 				state_root: *self.state.root(),
 				gas_left: initial_gas - result.receipt.gas_used,
 				output: result.output
 			},
 			Err(error) => TransactResult::Err {
 				state_root: *self.state.root(),
 				error,
 			},
 		}
 	}
 }
 /// A result of applying transaction to the state.
 pub enum TransactResult {
 	/// Successful execution
 	Ok {
 		/// State root
 		state_root: H256,
 		/// Amount of gas left
 		gas_left: U256,
 		/// Output
 		output: Vec<u8>,
 	},
 	/// Transaction failed to run
 	Err {
 		/// State root
 		state_root: H256,
 		/// Execution error
 		error: ::error::Error,
 	},
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/client/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/mod.rs
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ mod client;
 pub use self::client::*;
 pub use self::config::{Mode, ClientConfig, DatabaseCompactionProfile, BlockChainConfig, VMType};
 pub use self::error::Error;
-pub use self::evm_test_client::{EvmTestClient, EvmTestError};
+pub use self::evm_test_client::{EvmTestClient, EvmTestError, TransactResult};
 pub use self::test_client::{TestBlockChainClient, EachBlockWith};
 pub use self::chain_notify::ChainNotify;
 pub use self::traits::{BlockChainClient, MiningBlockChainClient, EngineClient};
--- a/ethcore/src/client/test_client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/test_client.rs
@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering as AtomicOrder};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, BTreeMap};
 use std::mem;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use rustc_hex::FromHex;
 use util::*;
 use rlp::*;
@ -401,10 +402,18 @@ impl MiningBlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 }
 impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
-	fn call(&self, _t: &SignedTransaction, _block: BlockId, _analytics: CallAnalytics) -> Result<Executed, CallError> {
+	fn call(&self, _t: &SignedTransaction, _analytics: CallAnalytics, _block: BlockId) -> Result<Executed, CallError> {
 		self.execution_result.read().clone().unwrap()
 	}
 	fn call_many(&self, txs: &[(SignedTransaction, CallAnalytics)], block: BlockId) -> Result<Vec<Executed>, CallError> {
 		let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(txs.len());
 		for &(ref tx, analytics) in txs {
 			res.push(self.call(tx, analytics, block)?);
 		}
 		Ok(res)
 	}
 	fn estimate_gas(&self, _t: &SignedTransaction, _block: BlockId) -> Result<U256, CallError> {
 		Ok(21000.into())
 	}
@ -423,7 +432,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 	fn nonce(&self, address: &Address, id: BlockId) -> Option<U256> {
 		match id {
-			BlockId::Latest => Some(self.nonces.read().get(address).cloned().unwrap_or(self.spec.params().account_start_nonce)),
+			BlockId::Latest | BlockId::Pending => Some(self.nonces.read().get(address).cloned().unwrap_or(self.spec.params().account_start_nonce)),
 			_ => None,
 		}
 	}
@ -438,16 +447,15 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 	fn code(&self, address: &Address, id: BlockId) -> Option<Option<Bytes>> {
 		match id {
-			BlockId::Latest => Some(self.code.read().get(address).cloned()),
+			BlockId::Latest | BlockId::Pending => Some(self.code.read().get(address).cloned()),
 			_ => None,
 		}
 	}
 	fn balance(&self, address: &Address, id: BlockId) -> Option<U256> {
-		if let BlockId::Latest = id {
+		match id {
-			Some(self.balances.read().get(address).cloned().unwrap_or_else(U256::zero))
+			BlockId::Latest | BlockId::Pending => Some(self.balances.read().get(address).cloned().unwrap_or_else(U256::zero)),
-		} else {
+			_ => None,
 			None
 		}
 	}
@ -456,10 +464,9 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 	}
 	fn storage_at(&self, address: &Address, position: &H256, id: BlockId) -> Option<H256> {
-		if let BlockId::Latest = id {
+		match id {
-			Some(self.storage.read().get(&(address.clone(), position.clone())).cloned().unwrap_or_else(H256::new))
+			BlockId::Latest | BlockId::Pending => Some(self.storage.read().get(&(address.clone(), position.clone())).cloned().unwrap_or_else(H256::new)),
-		} else {
+			_ => None,
 			None
 		}
 	}
@ -548,7 +555,8 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 		match id {
 			BlockId::Number(number) if (number as usize) < self.blocks.read().len() => BlockStatus::InChain,
 			BlockId::Hash(ref hash) if self.blocks.read().get(hash).is_some() => BlockStatus::InChain,
-			BlockId::Latest | BlockId::Pending | BlockId::Earliest => BlockStatus::InChain,
+			BlockId::Latest | BlockId::Earliest => BlockStatus::InChain,
 			BlockId::Pending => BlockStatus::Pending,
 			_ => BlockStatus::Unknown,
 		}
 	}
@ -726,7 +734,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 		self.miner.ready_transactions(info.best_block_number, info.best_block_timestamp)
 	}
-	fn signing_network_id(&self) -> Option<u64> { None }
+	fn signing_chain_id(&self) -> Option<u64> { None }
 	fn mode(&self) -> Mode { Mode::Active }
@ -757,9 +765,9 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 			value: U256::default(),
 			data: data,
 		};
-		let network_id = Some(self.spec.params().network_id);
+		let chain_id = Some(self.spec.chain_id());
-		let sig = self.spec.engine.sign(transaction.hash(network_id)).unwrap();
+		let sig = self.spec.engine.sign(transaction.hash(chain_id)).unwrap();
-		let signed = SignedTransaction::new(transaction.with_signature(sig, network_id)).unwrap();
+		let signed = SignedTransaction::new(transaction.with_signature(sig, chain_id)).unwrap();
 		self.miner.import_own_transaction(self, signed.into())
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/client/traits.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/traits.rs
@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use block::{OpenBlock, SealedBlock, ClosedBlock};
 use blockchain::TreeRoute;
@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ use trace::LocalizedTrace;
 use transaction::{LocalizedTransaction, PendingTransaction, SignedTransaction};
 use verification::queue::QueueInfo as BlockQueueInfo;
-use util::{U256, Address, H256, H2048, Bytes, Itertools};
+use util::{U256, Address, H256, H2048, Bytes};
 use util::hashdb::DBValue;
 use types::ids::*;
@ -182,7 +183,11 @@ pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
 	fn logs(&self, filter: Filter) -> Vec<LocalizedLogEntry>;
 	/// Makes a non-persistent transaction call.
-	fn call(&self, t: &SignedTransaction, block: BlockId, analytics: CallAnalytics) -> Result<Executed, CallError>;
+	fn call(&self, tx: &SignedTransaction, analytics: CallAnalytics, block: BlockId) -> Result<Executed, CallError>;
 	/// Makes multiple non-persistent but dependent transaction calls.
 	/// Returns a vector of successes or a failure if any of the transaction fails.
 	fn call_many(&self, txs: &[(SignedTransaction, CallAnalytics)], block: BlockId) -> Result<Vec<Executed>, CallError>;
 	/// Estimates how much gas will be necessary for a call.
 	fn estimate_gas(&self, t: &SignedTransaction, block: BlockId) -> Result<U256, CallError>;
@ -235,8 +240,8 @@ pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
 		corpus.into()
 	}
-	/// Get the preferred network ID to sign on
+	/// Get the preferred chain ID to sign on
-	fn signing_network_id(&self) -> Option<u64>;
+	fn signing_chain_id(&self) -> Option<u64>;
 	/// Get the mode.
 	fn mode(&self) -> Mode;
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/authority_round/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/authority_round/mod.rs
@ -679,6 +679,7 @@ impl Engine for AuthorityRound {
 		// apply immediate transitions.
 		if let Some(change) = self.validators.is_epoch_end(first, chain_head) {
 			let change = combine_proofs(chain_head.number(), &change, &[]);
 			return Some(change)
 		}
@ -792,9 +793,9 @@ impl Engine for AuthorityRound {
 	fn verify_transaction_basic(&self, t: &UnverifiedTransaction, header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> {
 		t.check_low_s()?;
-		if let Some(n) = t.network_id() {
+		if let Some(n) = t.chain_id() {
 			if header.number() >= self.params().eip155_transition && n != self.params().chain_id {
-				return Err(TransactionError::InvalidNetworkId.into());
+				return Err(TransactionError::InvalidChainId.into());
 			}
 		}
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/epoch.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/epoch.rs
@ -16,14 +16,12 @@
 //! Epoch verifiers and transitions.
 use util::H256;
 use error::Error;
 use header::Header;
 use rlp::{Encodable, Decodable, DecoderError, RlpStream, UntrustedRlp};
 use util::H256;
 /// A full epoch transition.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 pub struct Transition {
 	/// Block hash at which the transition occurred.
 	pub block_hash: H256,
@ -33,46 +31,14 @@ pub struct Transition {
 	pub proof: Vec<u8>,
 }
 impl Encodable for Transition {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(3)
 			.append(&self.block_hash)
 			.append(&self.block_number)
 			.append(&self.proof);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for Transition {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		Ok(Transition {
 			block_hash: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			block_number: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			proof: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 		})
 	}
 }
 /// An epoch transition pending a finality proof.
 /// Not all transitions need one.
 #[derive(RlpEncodableWrapper, RlpDecodableWrapper)]
 pub struct PendingTransition {
 	/// "transition/epoch" proof from the engine.
 	pub proof: Vec<u8>,
 }
 impl Encodable for PendingTransition {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.append(&self.proof);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for PendingTransition {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		Ok(PendingTransition {
 			proof: rlp.as_val()?,
 		})
 	}
 }
 /// Verifier for all blocks within an epoch with self-contained state.
 ///
 /// See docs on `Engine` relating to proving functions for more details.
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/instant_seal.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/instant_seal.rs
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use util::Address;
 use builtin::Builtin;
 use engines::{Engine, Seal};
 use spec::CommonParams;
-use block::ExecutedBlock;
+use block::{ExecutedBlock, IsBlock};
 /// An engine which does not provide any consensus mechanism, just seals blocks internally.
 pub struct InstantSeal {
@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ impl Engine for InstantSeal {
 	fn seals_internally(&self) -> Option<bool> { Some(true) }
-	fn generate_seal(&self, _block: &ExecutedBlock) -> Seal {
+	fn generate_seal(&self, block: &ExecutedBlock) -> Seal {
-		Seal::Regular(Vec::new())
+		if block.transactions().is_empty() { Seal::None } else { Seal::Regular(Vec::new()) }
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/mod.rs
@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ pub trait Engine : Sync + Send {
 	// TODO: Add flags for which bits of the transaction to check.
 	// TODO: consider including State in the params.
 	fn verify_transaction_basic(&self, t: &UnverifiedTransaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> {
-		t.verify_basic(true, Some(self.params().network_id), true)?;
+		t.verify_basic(true, Some(self.params().chain_id), true)?;
 		Ok(())
 	}
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ pub trait Engine : Sync + Send {
 	}
 	/// The network ID that transactions should be signed with.
-	fn signing_network_id(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Option<u64> {
+	fn signing_chain_id(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Option<u64> {
 		Some(self.params().chain_id)
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/null_engine.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/null_engine.rs
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl Engine for NullEngine {
 	}
 	fn snapshot_components(&self) -> Option<Box<::snapshot::SnapshotComponents>> {
-		Some(Box::new(::snapshot::PowSnapshot(10000)))
+		Some(Box::new(::snapshot::PowSnapshot::new(10000, 10000)))
 	}
 	fn on_close_block(&self, block: &mut ExecutedBlock) -> Result<(), Error> {
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/tendermint/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/tendermint/mod.rs
@ -632,6 +632,7 @@ impl Engine for Tendermint {
 		let first = chain_head.number() == 0;
 		if let Some(change) = self.validators.is_epoch_end(first, chain_head) {
 			let change = combine_proofs(chain_head.number(), &change, &[]);
 			return Some(change)
 		} else if let Some(pending) = transition_store(chain_head.hash()) {
 			let signal_number = chain_head.number();
@ -1039,7 +1040,7 @@ mod tests {
 		client.miner().import_own_transaction(client.as_ref(), transaction.into()).unwrap();
 		// Propose
-		let proposal = Some(client.miner().pending_block().unwrap().header.bare_hash());
+		let proposal = Some(client.miner().pending_block(0).unwrap().header.bare_hash());
 		// Propose timeout
 		engine.step();
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/validator_set/safe_contract.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/validator_set/safe_contract.rs
@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let s0: Secret = "1".sha3().into();
 		let v0 = tap.insert_account(s0.clone(), "").unwrap();
 		let v1 = tap.insert_account("0".sha3().into(), "").unwrap();
-		let network_id = Spec::new_validator_safe_contract().network_id();
+		let chain_id = Spec::new_validator_safe_contract().chain_id();
 		let client = generate_dummy_client_with_spec_and_accounts(Spec::new_validator_safe_contract, Some(tap));
 		client.engine().register_client(Arc::downgrade(&client));
 		let validator_contract = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000005".parse::<Address>().unwrap();
@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ mod tests {
 			action: Action::Call(validator_contract),
 			value: 0.into(),
 			data: "bfc708a000000000000000000000000082a978b3f5962a5b0957d9ee9eef472ee55b42f1".from_hex().unwrap(),
-		}.sign(&s0, Some(network_id));
+		}.sign(&s0, Some(chain_id));
 		client.miner().import_own_transaction(client.as_ref(), tx.into()).unwrap();
 		client.update_sealing();
 		assert_eq!(client.chain_info().best_block_number, 1);
@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ mod tests {
 			action: Action::Call(validator_contract),
 			value: 0.into(),
 			data: "4d238c8e00000000000000000000000082a978b3f5962a5b0957d9ee9eef472ee55b42f1".from_hex().unwrap(),
-		}.sign(&s0, Some(network_id));
+		}.sign(&s0, Some(chain_id));
 		client.miner().import_own_transaction(client.as_ref(), tx.into()).unwrap();
 		client.update_sealing();
 		// The transaction is not yet included so still unable to seal.
@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ mod tests {
 			action: Action::Call(Address::default()),
 			value: 0.into(),
 			data: Vec::new(),
-		}.sign(&s0, Some(network_id));
+		}.sign(&s0, Some(chain_id));
 		client.miner().import_own_transaction(client.as_ref(), tx.into()).unwrap();
 		client.update_sealing();
 		// Able to seal again.
--- a/ethcore/src/error.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/error.rs
@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ pub enum TransactionError {
 	RecipientBanned,
 	/// Contract creation code is banned.
 	CodeBanned,
-	/// Invalid network ID given.
+	/// Invalid chain ID given.
-	InvalidNetworkId,
+	InvalidChainId,
 }
 impl fmt::Display for TransactionError {
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for TransactionError {
 			SenderBanned => "Sender is temporarily banned.".into(),
 			RecipientBanned => "Recipient is temporarily banned.".into(),
 			CodeBanned => "Contract code is temporarily banned.".into(),
-			InvalidNetworkId => "Transaction of this network ID is not allowed on this chain.".into(),
+			InvalidChainId => "Transaction of this chain ID is not allowed on this chain.".into(),
 		};
 		f.write_fmt(format_args!("Transaction error ({})", msg))
--- a/ethcore/src/ethereum/ethash.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/ethereum/ethash.rs
@ -40,7 +40,10 @@ pub const PARITY_GAS_LIMIT_DETERMINANT: U256 = U256([37, 0, 0, 0]);
 /// Number of blocks in an ethash snapshot.
 // make dependent on difficulty incrment divisor?
-const SNAPSHOT_BLOCKS: u64 = 30000;
+const SNAPSHOT_BLOCKS: u64 = 5000;
 /// Maximum number of blocks allowed in an ethash snapshot.
 const MAX_SNAPSHOT_BLOCKS: u64 = 30000;
 /// Ethash params.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
@ -185,7 +188,14 @@ impl Engine for Arc<Ethash> {
 	/// Additional engine-specific information for the user/developer concerning `header`.
 	fn extra_info(&self, header: &Header) -> BTreeMap<String, String> {
-		map!["nonce".to_owned() => format!("0x{}", header.nonce().hex()), "mixHash".to_owned() => format!("0x{}", header.mix_hash().hex())]
+		if header.seal().len() == self.seal_fields() {
 			map![
 				"nonce".to_owned() => format!("0x{}", header.nonce().hex()),
 				"mixHash".to_owned() => format!("0x{}", header.mix_hash().hex())
 			]
 		} else {
 			BTreeMap::default()
 		}
 	}
 	fn schedule(&self, block_number: BlockNumber) -> Schedule {
@ -207,7 +217,7 @@ impl Engine for Arc<Ethash> {
 		}
 	}
-	fn signing_network_id(&self, env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Option<u64> {
+	fn signing_chain_id(&self, env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Option<u64> {
 		if env_info.number >= self.params().eip155_transition {
 			Some(self.params().chain_id)
 		} else {
@ -420,8 +430,8 @@ impl Engine for Arc<Ethash> {
 		}
 		let check_low_s = header.number() >= self.ethash_params.homestead_transition;
-		let network_id = if header.number() >= self.params().eip155_transition { Some(self.params().chain_id) } else { None };
+		let chain_id = if header.number() >= self.params().eip155_transition { Some(self.params().chain_id) } else { None };
-		t.verify_basic(check_low_s, network_id, false)?;
+		t.verify_basic(check_low_s, chain_id, false)?;
 		Ok(())
 	}
@ -430,7 +440,7 @@ impl Engine for Arc<Ethash> {
 	}
 	fn snapshot_components(&self) -> Option<Box<::snapshot::SnapshotComponents>> {
-		Some(Box::new(::snapshot::PowSnapshot(SNAPSHOT_BLOCKS)))
+		Some(Box::new(::snapshot::PowSnapshot::new(SNAPSHOT_BLOCKS, MAX_SNAPSHOT_BLOCKS)))
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/executive.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/executive.rs
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use evm::{CallType, Factory, Finalize, FinalizationResult};
 use vm::{self, Ext, CreateContractAddress, ReturnData, CleanDustMode, ActionParams, ActionValue};
 use wasm;
 use externalities::*;
-use trace::{FlatTrace, Tracer, NoopTracer, ExecutiveTracer, VMTrace, VMTracer, ExecutiveVMTracer, NoopVMTracer};
+use trace::{self, FlatTrace, VMTrace, Tracer, VMTracer};
 use transaction::{Action, SignedTransaction};
 use crossbeam;
 pub use executed::{Executed, ExecutionResult};
@ -66,16 +66,77 @@ pub fn contract_address(address_scheme: CreateContractAddress, sender: &Address,
 }
 /// Transaction execution options.
-#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct TransactOptions {
+pub struct TransactOptions<T, V> {
 	/// Enable call tracing.
-	pub tracing: bool,
+	pub tracer: T,
 	/// Enable VM tracing.
-	pub vm_tracing: bool,
+	pub vm_tracer: V,
 	/// Check transaction nonce before execution.
 	pub check_nonce: bool,
 }
 impl<T, V> TransactOptions<T, V> {
 	/// Create new `TransactOptions` with given tracer and VM tracer.
 	pub fn new(tracer: T, vm_tracer: V) -> Self {
 		TransactOptions {
 			tracer,
 			vm_tracer,
 			check_nonce: true,
 		}
 	}
 	/// Disables the nonce check
 	pub fn dont_check_nonce(mut self) -> Self {
 		self.check_nonce = false;
 		self
 	}
 }
 impl TransactOptions<trace::ExecutiveTracer, trace::ExecutiveVMTracer> {
 	/// Creates new `TransactOptions` with default tracing and VM tracing.
 	pub fn with_tracing_and_vm_tracing() -> Self {
 		TransactOptions {
 			tracer: trace::ExecutiveTracer::default(),
 			vm_tracer: trace::ExecutiveVMTracer::toplevel(),
 			check_nonce: true,
 		}
 	}
 }
 impl TransactOptions<trace::ExecutiveTracer, trace::NoopVMTracer> {
 	/// Creates new `TransactOptions` with default tracing and no VM tracing.
 	pub fn with_tracing() -> Self {
 		TransactOptions {
 			tracer: trace::ExecutiveTracer::default(),
 			vm_tracer: trace::NoopVMTracer,
 			check_nonce: true,
 		}
 	}
 }
 impl TransactOptions<trace::NoopTracer, trace::ExecutiveVMTracer> {
 	/// Creates new `TransactOptions` with no tracing and default VM tracing.
 	pub fn with_vm_tracing() -> Self {
 		TransactOptions {
 			tracer: trace::NoopTracer,
 			vm_tracer: trace::ExecutiveVMTracer::toplevel(),
 			check_nonce: true,
 		}
 	}
 }
 impl TransactOptions<trace::NoopTracer, trace::NoopVMTracer> {
 	/// Creates new `TransactOptions` without any tracing.
 	pub fn with_no_tracing() -> Self {
 		TransactOptions {
 			tracer: trace::NoopTracer,
 			vm_tracer: trace::NoopVMTracer,
 			check_nonce: true,
 		}
 	}
 }
 pub fn executor<E>(engine: &E, vm_factory: &Factory, params: &ActionParams)
 	-> Box<vm::Vm> where E: Engine + ?Sized
 {
@ -137,27 +198,21 @@ impl<'a, B: 'a + StateBackend, E: Engine + ?Sized> Executive<'a, B, E> {
 	}
 	/// This function should be used to execute transaction.
-	pub fn transact(&'a mut self, t: &SignedTransaction, options: TransactOptions) -> Result<Executed, ExecutionError> {
+	pub fn transact<T, V>(&'a mut self, t: &SignedTransaction, options: TransactOptions<T, V>)
-		let check = options.check_nonce;
+		-> Result<Executed, ExecutionError> where T: Tracer, V: VMTracer,
-		match options.tracing {
+	{
-			true => match options.vm_tracing {
+		self.transact_with_tracer(t, options.check_nonce, options.tracer, options.vm_tracer)
 				true => self.transact_with_tracer(t, check, ExecutiveTracer::default(), ExecutiveVMTracer::toplevel()),
 				false => self.transact_with_tracer(t, check, ExecutiveTracer::default(), NoopVMTracer),
 			},
 			false => match options.vm_tracing {
 				true => self.transact_with_tracer(t, check, NoopTracer, ExecutiveVMTracer::toplevel()),
 				false => self.transact_with_tracer(t, check, NoopTracer, NoopVMTracer),
 			},
 		}
 	}
 	/// Execute a transaction in a "virtual" context.
 	/// This will ensure the caller has enough balance to execute the desired transaction.
 	/// Used for extra-block executions for things like consensus contracts and RPCs
-	pub fn transact_virtual(&'a mut self, t: &SignedTransaction, options: TransactOptions) -> Result<Executed, ExecutionError> {
+	pub fn transact_virtual<T, V>(&'a mut self, t: &SignedTransaction, options: TransactOptions<T, V>)
 		-> Result<Executed, ExecutionError> where T: Tracer, V: VMTracer,
 	{
 		let sender = t.sender();
 		let balance = self.state.balance(&sender)?;
-		let needed_balance = t.value + t.gas * t.gas_price;
+		let needed_balance = t.value.saturating_add(t.gas.saturating_mul(t.gas_price));
 		if balance < needed_balance {
 			// give the sender a sufficient balance
 			self.state.add_balance(&sender, &(needed_balance - balance), CleanupMode::NoEmpty)?;
@ -167,7 +222,7 @@ impl<'a, B: 'a + StateBackend, E: Engine + ?Sized> Executive<'a, B, E> {
 	}
 	/// Execute transaction/call with tracing enabled
-	pub fn transact_with_tracer<T, V>(
+	fn transact_with_tracer<T, V>(
 		&'a mut self,
 		t: &SignedTransaction,
 		check_nonce: bool,
@ -261,7 +316,7 @@ impl<'a, B: 'a + StateBackend, E: Engine + ?Sized> Executive<'a, B, E> {
 		};
 		// finalize here!
-		Ok(self.finalize(t, substate, result, output, tracer.traces(), vm_tracer.drain())?)
+		Ok(self.finalize(t, substate, result, output, tracer.drain(), vm_tracer.drain())?)
 	}
 	fn exec_vm<T, V>(
@ -399,7 +454,7 @@ impl<'a, B: 'a + StateBackend, E: Engine + ?Sized> Executive<'a, B, E> {
 				trace!(target: "executive", "res={:?}", res);
-				let traces = subtracer.traces();
+				let traces = subtracer.drain();
 				match res {
 					Ok(ref res) => tracer.trace_call(
 						trace_info,
@ -484,9 +539,9 @@ impl<'a, B: 'a + StateBackend, E: Engine + ?Sized> Executive<'a, B, E> {
 				gas - res.gas_left,
 				trace_output,
 				created,
-				subtracer.traces()
+				subtracer.drain()
 			),
-			Err(ref e) => tracer.trace_failed_create(trace_info, subtracer.traces(), e.into())
+			Err(ref e) => tracer.trace_failed_create(trace_info, subtracer.drain(), e.into())
 		};
 		self.enact_result(&res, substate, unconfirmed_substate);
@ -794,7 +849,7 @@ mod tests {
 			}),
 		}];
-		assert_eq!(tracer.traces(), expected_trace);
+		assert_eq!(tracer.drain(), expected_trace);
 		let expected_vm_trace = VMTrace {
 			parent_step: 0,
@ -887,7 +942,7 @@ mod tests {
 			}),
 		}];
-		assert_eq!(tracer.traces(), expected_trace);
+		assert_eq!(tracer.drain(), expected_trace);
 		let expected_vm_trace = VMTrace {
 			parent_step: 0,
@ -1138,7 +1193,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let executed = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
-			let opts = TransactOptions { check_nonce: true, tracing: false, vm_tracing: false };
+			let opts = TransactOptions::with_no_tracing();
 			ex.transact(&t, opts).unwrap()
 		};
@ -1175,7 +1230,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let res = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
-			let opts = TransactOptions { check_nonce: true, tracing: false, vm_tracing: false };
+			let opts = TransactOptions::with_no_tracing();
 			ex.transact(&t, opts)
 		};
@ -1208,7 +1263,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let res = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
-			let opts = TransactOptions { check_nonce: true, tracing: false, vm_tracing: false };
+			let opts = TransactOptions::with_no_tracing();
 			ex.transact(&t, opts)
 		};
@ -1241,7 +1296,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let res = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
-			let opts = TransactOptions { check_nonce: true, tracing: false, vm_tracing: false };
+			let opts = TransactOptions::with_no_tracing();
 			ex.transact(&t, opts)
 		};
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/state.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/state.rs
@ -15,23 +15,13 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 use super::test_common::*;
 use tests::helpers::*;
 use pod_state::PodState;
-use ethereum;
+use trace;
-use spec::Spec;
+use client::{EvmTestClient, EvmTestError, TransactResult};
 use ethjson;
 use ethjson::state::test::ForkSpec;
 use transaction::SignedTransaction;
 use vm::EnvInfo;
 lazy_static! {
 	pub static ref FRONTIER: Spec = ethereum::new_frontier_test();
 	pub static ref HOMESTEAD: Spec = ethereum::new_homestead_test();
 	pub static ref EIP150: Spec = ethereum::new_eip150_test();
 	pub static ref EIP161: Spec = ethereum::new_eip161_test();
 	pub static ref _METROPOLIS: Spec = ethereum::new_metropolis_test();
 }
 pub fn json_chain_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 	::ethcore_logger::init_log();
 	let tests = ethjson::state::test::Test::load(json_data).unwrap();
@ -43,35 +33,49 @@ pub fn json_chain_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 			let env: EnvInfo = test.env.into();
 			let pre: PodState = test.pre_state.into();
-			for (spec, states) in test.post_states {
+			for (spec_name, states) in test.post_states {
 				let total = states.len();
-				let engine = match spec {
+				let spec = match EvmTestClient::spec_from_json(&spec_name) {
-					ForkSpec::Frontier => &FRONTIER.engine,
+					Some(spec) => spec,
-					ForkSpec::Homestead => &HOMESTEAD.engine,
+					None => {
-					ForkSpec::EIP150 => &EIP150.engine,
+						println!("   - {} | {:?} Ignoring tests because of missing spec", name, spec_name);
-					ForkSpec::EIP158 => &EIP161.engine,
+						continue;
-					ForkSpec::Metropolis => continue,
+					}
 				};
 				for (i, state) in states.into_iter().enumerate() {
-					let info = format!("   - {} | {:?} ({}/{}) ...", name, spec, i + 1, total);
+					let info = format!("   - {} | {:?} ({}/{}) ...", name, spec_name, i + 1, total);
 					let post_root: H256 = state.hash.into();
 					let transaction: SignedTransaction = multitransaction.select(&state.indexes).into();
-					let mut state = get_temp_state();
+
-					state.populate_from(pre.clone());
+					let result = || -> Result<_, EvmTestError> {
-					if transaction.verify_basic(true, None, env.number >= engine.params().eip86_transition).is_ok() {
+						Ok(EvmTestClient::from_pod_state(spec, pre.clone())?
-						state.commit().expect(&format!("State test {} failed due to internal error.", name));
+							.transact(&env, transaction, trace::NoopVMTracer))
-						let _res = state.apply(&env, &**engine, &transaction, false);
+					};
-					} else {
+					match result() {
-						let _rest = state.commit();
+						Err(err) => {
-					}
+							println!("{} !!! Unexpected internal error: {:?}", info, err);
-					if state.root() != &post_root {
+							flushln!("{} fail", info);
-						println!("{} !!! State mismatch (got: {}, expect: {}", info, state.root(), post_root);
+							failed.push(name.clone());
-						flushln!("{} fail", info);
+						},
-						failed.push(name.clone());
+						Ok(TransactResult::Ok { state_root, .. }) if state_root != post_root => {
-					} else {
+							println!("{} !!! State mismatch (got: {}, expect: {}", info, state_root, post_root);
-						flushln!("{} ok", info);
+							flushln!("{} fail", info);
 							failed.push(name.clone());
 						},
 						Ok(TransactResult::Err { state_root, ref error }) if state_root != post_root => {
 							println!("{} !!! State mismatch (got: {}, expect: {}", info, state_root, post_root);
 							println!("{} !!! Execution error: {:?}", info, error);
 							flushln!("{} fail", info);
 							failed.push(name.clone());
 						},
 						Ok(TransactResult::Err { error, .. }) => {
 							flushln!("{} ok ({:?})", info, error);
 						},
 						Ok(_) => {
 							flushln!("{} ok", info);
 						},
 					}
 				}
 			}
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/transaction.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/transaction.rs
@ -36,25 +36,25 @@ fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 			Some(x) if x < 3_000_000 => &homestead_schedule,
 			Some(_) => &metropolis_schedule
 		};
-		let allow_network_id_of_one = number.map_or(false, |n| n >= 2_675_000);
+		let allow_chain_id_of_one = number.map_or(false, |n| n >= 2_675_000);
 		let allow_unsigned = number.map_or(false, |n| n >= 3_000_000);
 		let rlp: Vec<u8> = test.rlp.into();
 		let res = UntrustedRlp::new(&rlp)
 			.as_val()
 			.map_err(From::from)
-			.and_then(|t: UnverifiedTransaction| t.validate(schedule, schedule.have_delegate_call, allow_network_id_of_one, allow_unsigned));
+			.and_then(|t: UnverifiedTransaction| t.validate(schedule, schedule.have_delegate_call, allow_chain_id_of_one, allow_unsigned));
 		fail_unless(test.transaction.is_none() == res.is_err(), "Validity different");
 		if let (Some(tx), Some(sender)) = (test.transaction, test.sender) {
 			let t = res.unwrap();
 			fail_unless(SignedTransaction::new(t.clone()).unwrap().sender() == sender.into(), "sender mismatch");
-			let is_acceptable_network_id = match t.network_id() {
+			let is_acceptable_chain_id = match t.chain_id() {
 				None => true,
-				Some(1) if allow_network_id_of_one => true,
+				Some(1) if allow_chain_id_of_one => true,
 				_ => false,
 			};
-			fail_unless(is_acceptable_network_id, "Network ID unacceptable");
+			fail_unless(is_acceptable_chain_id, "Network ID unacceptable");
 			let data: Vec<u8> = tx.data.into();
 			fail_unless(t.data == data, "data mismatch");
 			fail_unless(t.gas_price == tx.gas_price.into(), "gas_price mismatch");
--- a/ethcore/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/lib.rs
@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ extern crate num;
 extern crate price_info;
 extern crate rand;
 extern crate rlp;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate rlp_derive;
 extern crate rustc_hex;
 extern crate semver;
 extern crate stats;
--- a/ethcore/src/miner/miner.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/miner/miner.rs
@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use util::*;
 use using_queue::{UsingQueue, GetAction};
 use account_provider::{AccountProvider, SignError as AccountError};
-use state::{State, CleanupMode};
+use state::State;
-use client::{MiningBlockChainClient, Executive, Executed, EnvInfo, TransactOptions, BlockId, CallAnalytics, TransactionId};
+use client::{MiningBlockChainClient, BlockId, TransactionId};
 use client::TransactionImportResult;
 use executive::contract_address;
 use block::{ClosedBlock, IsBlock, Block};
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ use miner::local_transactions::{Status as LocalTransactionStatus};
 use miner::service_transaction_checker::ServiceTransactionChecker;
 use price_info::{Client as PriceInfoClient, PriceInfo};
 use price_info::fetch::Client as FetchClient;
-use header::BlockNumber;
+use header::{Header, BlockNumber};
 /// Different possible definitions for pending transaction set.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
@ -331,13 +331,28 @@ impl Miner {
 	}
 	/// Get `Some` `clone()` of the current pending block's state or `None` if we're not sealing.
-	pub fn pending_state(&self) -> Option<State<::state_db::StateDB>> {
+	pub fn pending_state(&self, latest_block_number: BlockNumber) -> Option<State<::state_db::StateDB>> {
-		self.sealing_work.lock().queue.peek_last_ref().map(|b| b.block().fields().state.clone())
+		self.map_pending_block(|b| b.state().clone(), latest_block_number)
 	}
 	/// Get `Some` `clone()` of the current pending block or `None` if we're not sealing.
-	pub fn pending_block(&self) -> Option<Block> {
+	pub fn pending_block(&self, latest_block_number: BlockNumber) -> Option<Block> {
-		self.sealing_work.lock().queue.peek_last_ref().map(|b| b.to_base())
+		self.map_pending_block(|b| b.to_base(), latest_block_number)
 	}
 	/// Get `Some` `clone()` of the current pending block header or `None` if we're not sealing.
 	pub fn pending_block_header(&self, latest_block_number: BlockNumber) -> Option<Header> {
 		self.map_pending_block(|b| b.header().clone(), latest_block_number)
 	}
 	fn map_pending_block<F, T>(&self, f: F, latest_block_number: BlockNumber) -> Option<T> where
 		F: FnOnce(&ClosedBlock) -> T,
 	{
 		self.from_pending_block(
 			latest_block_number,
 			|| None,
 			|block| Some(f(block)),
 		)
 	}
 	#[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(match_same_arms))]
@ -679,7 +694,7 @@ impl Miner {
 	#[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(wrong_self_convention))]
 	#[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(redundant_closure))]
 	fn from_pending_block<H, F, G>(&self, latest_block_number: BlockNumber, from_chain: F, map_block: G) -> H
-		where F: Fn() -> H, G: Fn(&ClosedBlock) -> H {
+		where F: Fn() -> H, G: FnOnce(&ClosedBlock) -> H {
 		let sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
 		sealing_work.queue.peek_last_ref().map_or_else(
 			|| from_chain(),
@ -717,84 +732,6 @@ impl MinerService for Miner {
 		}
 	}
 	fn call(&self, client: &MiningBlockChainClient, t: &SignedTransaction, analytics: CallAnalytics) -> Result<Executed, CallError> {
 		let sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
 		match sealing_work.queue.peek_last_ref() {
 			Some(work) => {
 				let block = work.block();
 				// TODO: merge this code with client.rs's fn call somwhow.
 				let header = block.header();
 				let last_hashes = Arc::new(client.last_hashes());
 				let env_info = EnvInfo {
 					number: header.number(),
 					author: *header.author(),
 					timestamp: header.timestamp(),
 					difficulty: *header.difficulty(),
 					last_hashes: last_hashes,
 					gas_used: U256::zero(),
 					gas_limit: U256::max_value(),
 				};
 				// that's just a copy of the state.
 				let mut state = block.state().clone();
 				let original_state = if analytics.state_diffing { Some(state.clone()) } else { None };
 				let sender = t.sender();
 				let balance = state.balance(&sender).map_err(ExecutionError::from)?;
 				let needed_balance = t.value + t.gas * t.gas_price;
 				if balance < needed_balance {
 					// give the sender a sufficient balance
 					state.add_balance(&sender, &(needed_balance - balance), CleanupMode::NoEmpty)
 						.map_err(ExecutionError::from)?;
 				}
 				let options = TransactOptions { tracing: analytics.transaction_tracing, vm_tracing: analytics.vm_tracing, check_nonce: false };
 				let mut ret = Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine).transact(t, options)?;
 				// TODO gav move this into Executive.
 				if let Some(original) = original_state {
 					ret.state_diff = Some(state.diff_from(original).map_err(ExecutionError::from)?);
 				}
 				Ok(ret)
 			},
 			None => client.call(t, BlockId::Latest, analytics)
 		}
 	}
 	// TODO: The `chain.latest_x` actually aren't infallible, they just panic on corruption.
 	// TODO: return trie::Result<T> here, or other.
 	fn balance(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address) -> Option<U256> {
 		self.from_pending_block(
 			chain.chain_info().best_block_number,
 			|| Some(chain.latest_balance(address)),
 			|b| b.block().fields().state.balance(address).ok(),
 		)
 	}
 	fn storage_at(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address, position: &H256) -> Option<H256> {
 		self.from_pending_block(
 			chain.chain_info().best_block_number,
 			|| Some(chain.latest_storage_at(address, position)),
 			|b| b.block().fields().state.storage_at(address, position).ok(),
 		)
 	}
 	fn nonce(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address) -> Option<U256> {
 		self.from_pending_block(
 			chain.chain_info().best_block_number,
 			|| Some(chain.latest_nonce(address)),
 			|b| b.block().fields().state.nonce(address).ok(),
 		)
 	}
 	fn code(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address) -> Option<Option<Bytes>> {
 		self.from_pending_block(
 			chain.chain_info().best_block_number,
 			|| Some(chain.latest_code(address)),
 			|b| b.block().fields().state.code(address).ok().map(|c| c.map(|c| (&*c).clone()))
 		)
 	}
 	fn set_author(&self, author: Address) {
 		if self.engine.seals_internally().is_some() {
 			let mut sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
@ -1369,10 +1306,10 @@ mod tests {
 	}
 	fn transaction() -> SignedTransaction {
-		transaction_with_network_id(2)
+		transaction_with_chain_id(2)
 	}
-	fn transaction_with_network_id(id: u64) -> SignedTransaction {
+	fn transaction_with_chain_id(chain_id: u64) -> SignedTransaction {
 		let keypair = Random.generate().unwrap();
 		Transaction {
 			action: Action::Create,
@ -1381,7 +1318,7 @@ mod tests {
 			gas: U256::from(100_000),
 			gas_price: U256::zero(),
 			nonce: U256::zero(),
-		}.sign(keypair.secret(), Some(id))
+		}.sign(keypair.secret(), Some(chain_id))
 	}
 	#[test]
@ -1462,18 +1399,18 @@ mod tests {
 		let client = generate_dummy_client(2);
-		assert_eq!(miner.import_external_transactions(&*client, vec![transaction_with_network_id(spec.network_id()).into()]).pop().unwrap().unwrap(), TransactionImportResult::Current);
+		assert_eq!(miner.import_external_transactions(&*client, vec![transaction_with_chain_id(spec.chain_id()).into()]).pop().unwrap().unwrap(), TransactionImportResult::Current);
 		miner.update_sealing(&*client);
 		client.flush_queue();
-		assert!(miner.pending_block().is_none());
+		assert!(miner.pending_block(0).is_none());
 		assert_eq!(client.chain_info().best_block_number, 3 as BlockNumber);
-		assert_eq!(miner.import_own_transaction(&*client, PendingTransaction::new(transaction_with_network_id(spec.network_id()).into(), None)).unwrap(), TransactionImportResult::Current);
+		assert_eq!(miner.import_own_transaction(&*client, PendingTransaction::new(transaction_with_chain_id(spec.chain_id()).into(), None)).unwrap(), TransactionImportResult::Current);
 		miner.update_sealing(&*client);
 		client.flush_queue();
-		assert!(miner.pending_block().is_none());
+		assert!(miner.pending_block(0).is_none());
 		assert_eq!(client.chain_info().best_block_number, 4 as BlockNumber);
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/miner/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/miner/mod.rs
@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ pub use self::stratum::{Stratum, Error as StratumError, Options as StratumOption
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use util::{H256, U256, Address, Bytes};
-use client::{MiningBlockChainClient, Executed, CallAnalytics};
+use client::{MiningBlockChainClient};
 use block::ClosedBlock;
 use header::BlockNumber;
 use receipt::{RichReceipt, Receipt};
-use error::{Error, CallError};
+use error::{Error};
-use transaction::{UnverifiedTransaction, PendingTransaction, SignedTransaction};
+use transaction::{UnverifiedTransaction, PendingTransaction};
 /// Miner client API
 pub trait MinerService : Send + Sync {
@ -185,21 +185,6 @@ pub trait MinerService : Send + Sync {
 	/// Suggested gas limit.
 	fn sensible_gas_limit(&self) -> U256 { 21000.into() }
 	/// Latest account balance in pending state.
 	fn balance(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address) -> Option<U256>;
 	/// Call into contract code using pending state.
 	fn call(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, t: &SignedTransaction, analytics: CallAnalytics) -> Result<Executed, CallError>;
 	/// Get storage value in pending state.
 	fn storage_at(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address, position: &H256) -> Option<H256>;
 	/// Get account nonce in pending state.
 	fn nonce(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address) -> Option<U256>;
 	/// Get contract code in pending state.
 	fn code(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address) -> Option<Option<Bytes>>;
 }
 /// Mining status
--- a/ethcore/src/miner/stratum.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/miner/stratum.rs
@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ use util::Mutex;
 use miner::{self, Miner, MinerService};
 use client::Client;
 use block::IsBlock;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use rlp::encode;
 /// Configures stratum server options.
@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ impl SubmitPayload {
 			return Err(PayloadError::ArgumentsAmountUnexpected(payload.len()));
 		}
-		let nonce = match H64::from_str(clean_0x(&payload[0])) {
+		let nonce = match clean_0x(&payload[0]).parse::<H64>() {
 			Ok(nonce) => nonce,
 			Err(e) => {
 				warn!(target: "stratum", "submit_work ({}): invalid nonce ({:?})", &payload[0], e);
@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ impl SubmitPayload {
 			}
 		};
-		let pow_hash = match H256::from_str(clean_0x(&payload[1])) {
+		let pow_hash = match clean_0x(&payload[1]).parse::<H256>() {
 			Ok(pow_hash) => pow_hash,
 			Err(e) => {
 				warn!(target: "stratum", "submit_work ({}): invalid hash ({:?})", &payload[1], e);
@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ impl SubmitPayload {
 			}
 		};
-		let mix_hash = match H256::from_str(clean_0x(&payload[2])) {
+		let mix_hash = match clean_0x(&payload[2]).parse::<H256>() {
 			Ok(mix_hash) => mix_hash,
 			Err(e) => {
 				warn!(target: "stratum", "submit_work ({}): invalid mix-hash ({:?})",  &payload[2], e);
@ -133,7 +132,7 @@ impl JobDispatcher for StratumJobDispatcher {
 	fn submit(&self, payload: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), StratumServiceError> {
 		let payload = SubmitPayload::from_args(payload).map_err(|e|
-			StratumServiceError::Dispatch(format!("{}", e))
+			StratumServiceError::Dispatch(e.to_string())
 		)?;
 		trace!(
@ -144,14 +143,16 @@ impl JobDispatcher for StratumJobDispatcher {
 			payload.mix_hash,
 		);
-		self.with_core_void(|client, miner| {
+		self.with_core_result(|client, miner| {
 			let seal = vec![encode(&payload.mix_hash).into_vec(), encode(&payload.nonce).into_vec()];
-			if let Err(e) = miner.submit_seal(&*client, payload.pow_hash, seal) {
+			match miner.submit_seal(&*client, payload.pow_hash, seal) {
-				warn!(target: "stratum", "submit_seal error: {:?}", e);
+				Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-			};
+				Err(e) => {
-		});
+					warn!(target: "stratum", "submit_seal error: {:?}", e);
-
+					Err(StratumServiceError::Dispatch(e.to_string()))
-		Ok(())
+				}
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@ -181,8 +182,11 @@ impl StratumJobDispatcher {
 		self.client.upgrade().and_then(|client| self.miner.upgrade().and_then(|miner| (f)(client, miner)))
 	}
-	fn with_core_void<F>(&self, f: F) where F: Fn(Arc<Client>, Arc<Miner>) {
+	fn with_core_result<F>(&self, f: F) -> Result<(), StratumServiceError> where F: Fn(Arc<Client>, Arc<Miner>) -> Result<(), StratumServiceError> {
-		self.client.upgrade().map(|client| self.miner.upgrade().map(|miner| (f)(client, miner)));
+		match (self.client.upgrade(), self.miner.upgrade()) {
 			(Some(client), Some(miner)) => f(client, miner),
 			_ => Ok(()),
 		}
 	}
 }
@ -230,7 +234,7 @@ impl Stratum {
 		let dispatcher = Arc::new(StratumJobDispatcher::new(miner, client));
 		let stratum_svc = StratumService::start(
-			&SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::from_str(&options.listen_addr)?, options.port),
+			&SocketAddr::new(options.listen_addr.parse::<IpAddr>()?, options.port),
 			dispatcher.clone(),
 			options.secret.clone(),
 		)?;
--- a/ethcore/src/miner/transaction_queue.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/miner/transaction_queue.rs
@ -506,8 +506,6 @@ pub struct AccountDetails {
 	pub balance: U256,
 }
 /// Transactions with `gas > (gas_limit + gas_limit * Factor(in percents))` are not imported to the queue.
 const GAS_LIMIT_HYSTERESIS: usize = 200; // (100/GAS_LIMIT_HYSTERESIS) %
 /// Transaction with the same (sender, nonce) can be replaced only if
 /// `new_gas_price > old_gas_price + old_gas_price >> SHIFT`
 const GAS_PRICE_BUMP_SHIFT: usize = 3; // 2 = 25%, 3 = 12.5%, 4 = 6.25%
@ -570,8 +568,8 @@ pub struct TransactionQueue {
 	minimal_gas_price: U256,
 	/// The maximum amount of gas any individual transaction may use.
 	tx_gas_limit: U256,
-	/// Current gas limit (block gas limit * factor). Transactions above the limit will not be accepted (default to !0)
+	/// Current gas limit (block gas limit). Transactions above the limit will not be accepted (default to !0)
-	total_gas_limit: U256,
+	block_gas_limit: U256,
 	/// Maximal time transaction may occupy the queue.
 	/// When we reach `max_time_in_queue / 2^3` we re-validate
 	/// account balance.
@ -631,7 +629,7 @@ impl TransactionQueue {
 		TransactionQueue {
 			strategy,
 			minimal_gas_price: U256::zero(),
-			total_gas_limit: !U256::zero(),
+			block_gas_limit: !U256::zero(),
 			tx_gas_limit,
 			max_time_in_queue: DEFAULT_QUEUING_PERIOD,
 			current,
@ -674,16 +672,10 @@ impl TransactionQueue {
 		self.current.gas_price_entry_limit()
 	}
-	/// Sets new gas limit. Transactions with gas slightly (`GAS_LIMIT_HYSTERESIS`) above the limit won't be imported.
+	/// Sets new gas limit. Transactions with gas over the limit will not be accepted.
 	/// Any transaction already imported to the queue is not affected.
 	pub fn set_gas_limit(&mut self, gas_limit: U256) {
-		let extra = gas_limit / U256::from(GAS_LIMIT_HYSTERESIS);
+		self.block_gas_limit = gas_limit;
 		let total_gas_limit = match gas_limit.overflowing_add(extra) {
 			(_, true) => !U256::zero(),
 			(val, false) => val,
 		};
 		self.total_gas_limit = total_gas_limit;
 	}
 	/// Sets new total gas limit.
@ -819,13 +811,13 @@ impl TransactionQueue {
 			}));
 		}
-		let gas_limit = cmp::min(self.tx_gas_limit, self.total_gas_limit);
+		let gas_limit = cmp::min(self.tx_gas_limit, self.block_gas_limit);
 		if tx.gas > gas_limit {
 			trace!(target: "txqueue",
 				"Dropping transaction above gas limit: {:?} ({} > min({}, {}))",
 				tx.hash(),
 				tx.gas,
-				self.total_gas_limit,
+				self.block_gas_limit,
 				self.tx_gas_limit
 			);
 			return Err(Error::Transaction(TransactionError::GasLimitExceeded {
@ -1922,13 +1914,13 @@ pub mod test {
 		// given
 		let mut txq = TransactionQueue::default();
 		txq.set_gas_limit(U256::zero());
-		assert_eq!(txq.total_gas_limit, U256::zero());
+		assert_eq!(txq.block_gas_limit, U256::zero());
 		// when
 		txq.set_gas_limit(!U256::zero());
 		// then
-		assert_eq!(txq.total_gas_limit, !U256::zero());
+		assert_eq!(txq.block_gas_limit, !U256::zero());
 	}
 	#[test]
@ -1945,7 +1937,7 @@ pub mod test {
 		// then
 		assert_eq!(unwrap_tx_err(res), TransactionError::GasLimitExceeded {
-			limit: U256::from(50_250), // Should be 100.5% of set_gas_limit
+			limit: U256::from(50_000),
 			got: gas,
 		});
 		let stats = txq.status();
--- a/ethcore/src/pod_account.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/pod_account.rs
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 use std::fmt;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use util::*;
 use state::Account;
 use ethjson;
--- a/ethcore/src/pod_state.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/pod_state.rs
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 use std::fmt;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use util::*;
 use pod_account::{self, PodAccount};
 use types::state_diff::StateDiff;
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/consensus/work.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/consensus/work.rs
@ -37,11 +37,24 @@ use rand::OsRng;
 /// Snapshot creation and restoration for PoW chains.
 /// This includes blocks from the head of the chain as a
 /// loose assurance that the chain is valid.
 ///
 /// The field is the number of blocks from the head of the chain
 /// to include in the snapshot.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub struct PowSnapshot(pub u64);
+pub struct PowSnapshot {
 	/// Number of blocks from the head of the chain
 	/// to include in the snapshot.
 	pub blocks: u64,
 	/// Number of to allow in the snapshot when restoring.
 	pub max_restore_blocks: u64,
 }
 impl PowSnapshot {
 	/// Create a new instance.
 	pub fn new(blocks: u64, max_restore_blocks: u64) -> PowSnapshot {
 		PowSnapshot {
 			blocks: blocks,
 			max_restore_blocks: max_restore_blocks,
 		}
 	}
 }
 impl SnapshotComponents for PowSnapshot {
 	fn chunk_all(
@ -57,7 +70,7 @@ impl SnapshotComponents for PowSnapshot {
 			current_hash: block_at,
 			writer: chunk_sink,
 			preferred_size: preferred_size,
-		}.chunk_all(self.0)
+		}.chunk_all(self.blocks)
 	}
 	fn rebuilder(
@ -66,7 +79,7 @@ impl SnapshotComponents for PowSnapshot {
 		db: Arc<KeyValueDB>,
 		manifest: &ManifestData,
 	) -> Result<Box<Rebuilder>, ::error::Error> {
-		PowRebuilder::new(chain, db, manifest, self.0).map(|r| Box::new(r) as Box<_>)
+		PowRebuilder::new(chain, db, manifest, self.max_restore_blocks).map(|r| Box::new(r) as Box<_>)
 	}
 	fn min_supported_version(&self) -> u64 { ::snapshot::MIN_SUPPORTED_STATE_CHUNK_VERSION }
@ -218,7 +231,7 @@ impl Rebuilder for PowRebuilder {
 		trace!(target: "snapshot", "restoring block chunk with {} blocks.", item_count - 3);
 		if self.fed_blocks + num_blocks > self.snapshot_blocks {
-			return Err(Error::TooManyBlocks(self.snapshot_blocks, self.fed_blocks).into())
+			return Err(Error::TooManyBlocks(self.snapshot_blocks, self.fed_blocks + num_blocks).into())
 		}
 		// todo: assert here that these values are consistent with chunks being in order.
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/io.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/io.rs
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use util::Bytes;
 use util::hash::H256;
-use rlp::{self, Encodable, RlpStream, UntrustedRlp};
+use rlp::{RlpStream, UntrustedRlp};
 use super::ManifestData;
@ -49,24 +49,9 @@ pub trait SnapshotWriter {
 }
 // (hash, len, offset)
 #[derive(RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 struct ChunkInfo(H256, u64, u64);
 impl Encodable for ChunkInfo {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(3);
 		s.append(&self.0).append(&self.1).append(&self.2);
 	}
 }
 impl rlp::Decodable for ChunkInfo {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, rlp::DecoderError> {
 		let hash = rlp.val_at(0)?;
 		let len = rlp.val_at(1)?;
 		let off = rlp.val_at(2)?;
 		Ok(ChunkInfo(hash, len, off))
 	}
 }
 /// A packed snapshot writer. This writes snapshots to a single concatenated file.
 ///
 /// The file format is very simple and consists of three parts:
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/tests/proof_of_authority.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/tests/proof_of_authority.rs
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ fn make_chain(accounts: Arc<AccountProvider>, blocks_beyond: usize, transitions:
 				action: Action::Call(Address::new()),
 				value: 1.into(),
 				data: Vec::new(),
-			}.sign(&*RICH_SECRET, client.signing_network_id());
+			}.sign(&*RICH_SECRET, client.signing_chain_id());
 			*nonce = *nonce + 1.into();
 			vec![transaction]
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ fn make_chain(accounts: Arc<AccountProvider>, blocks_beyond: usize, transitions:
 							action: Action::Call(addr),
 							value: 0.into(),
 							data: data,
-						}.sign(&*RICH_SECRET, client.signing_network_id());
+						}.sign(&*RICH_SECRET, client.signing_chain_id());
 						pending.push(transaction);
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/tests/proof_of_work.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/tests/proof_of_work.rs
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use util::kvdb::{self, KeyValueDB, DBTransaction};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
-const SNAPSHOT_MODE: ::snapshot::PowSnapshot = ::snapshot::PowSnapshot(30000);
+const SNAPSHOT_MODE: ::snapshot::PowSnapshot = ::snapshot::PowSnapshot { blocks: 30000, max_restore_blocks: 30000 };
 fn chunk_and_restore(amount: u64) {
 	let mut canon_chain = ChainGenerator::default();
--- a/ethcore/src/spec/spec.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/spec/spec.rs
@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ pub struct CommonParams {
 	pub block_reward: U256,
 	/// Registrar contract address.
 	pub registrar: Address,
 	/// Node permission managing contract address.
 	pub node_permission_contract: Option<Address>,
 }
 impl CommonParams {
@ -171,6 +173,7 @@ impl From<ethjson::spec::Params> for CommonParams {
 			gas_limit_bound_divisor: p.gas_limit_bound_divisor.into(),
 			block_reward: p.block_reward.map_or_else(U256::zero, Into::into),
 			registrar: p.registrar.map_or_else(Address::new, Into::into),
 			node_permission_contract: p.node_permission_contract.map(Into::into),
 		}
 	}
 }
@ -380,6 +383,9 @@ impl Spec {
 	/// Get the configured Network ID.
 	pub fn network_id(&self) -> u64 { self.params().network_id }
 	/// Get the chain ID used for signing.
 	pub fn chain_id(&self) -> u64 { self.params().chain_id }
 	/// Get the configured subprotocol name.
 	pub fn subprotocol_name(&self) -> String { self.params().subprotocol_name.clone() }
--- a/ethcore/src/state/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/state/mod.rs
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use vm::EnvInfo;
 use error::Error;
 use executive::{Executive, TransactOptions};
 use factory::Factories;
-use trace::FlatTrace;
+use trace::{self, FlatTrace, VMTrace};
 use pod_account::*;
 use pod_state::{self, PodState};
 use types::basic_account::BasicAccount;
@ -59,8 +59,12 @@ pub use self::substate::Substate;
 pub struct ApplyOutcome {
 	/// The receipt for the applied transaction.
 	pub receipt: Receipt,
-	/// The trace for the applied transaction, if None if tracing is disabled.
+	/// The output of the applied transaction.
 	pub output: Bytes,
 	/// The trace for the applied transaction, empty if tracing was not produced.
 	pub trace: Vec<FlatTrace>,
 	/// The VM trace for the applied transaction, None if tracing was not produced.
 	pub vm_trace: Option<VMTrace>
 }
 /// Result type for the execution ("application") of a transaction.
@ -205,7 +209,7 @@ pub fn check_proof(
 		Err(_) => return ProvedExecution::BadProof,
 	};
-	match state.execute(env_info, engine, transaction, false, true) {
+	match state.execute(env_info, engine, transaction, TransactOptions::with_no_tracing(), true) {
 		Ok(executed) => ProvedExecution::Complete(executed),
 		Err(ExecutionError::Internal(_)) => ProvedExecution::BadProof,
 		Err(e) => ProvedExecution::Failed(e),
@ -290,7 +294,7 @@ const SEC_TRIE_DB_UNWRAP_STR: &'static str = "A state can only be created with v
 impl<B: Backend> State<B> {
 	/// Creates new state with empty state root
-	#[cfg(test)]
+	/// Used for tests.
 	pub fn new(mut db: B, account_start_nonce: U256, factories: Factories) -> State<B> {
 		let mut root = H256::new();
 		{
@ -623,29 +627,57 @@ impl<B: Backend> State<B> {
 	/// Execute a given transaction, producing a receipt and an optional trace.
 	/// This will change the state accordingly.
 	pub fn apply(&mut self, env_info: &EnvInfo, engine: &Engine, t: &SignedTransaction, tracing: bool) -> ApplyResult {
-//		let old = self.to_pod();
+		if tracing {
 			let options = TransactOptions::with_tracing();
 			self.apply_with_tracing(env_info, engine, t, options.tracer, options.vm_tracer)
 		} else {
 			let options = TransactOptions::with_no_tracing();
 			self.apply_with_tracing(env_info, engine, t, options.tracer, options.vm_tracer)
 		}
 	}
 	/// Execute a given transaction with given tracer and VM tracer producing a receipt and an optional trace.
 	/// This will change the state accordingly.
 	pub fn apply_with_tracing<V, T>(
 		&mut self,
 		env_info: &EnvInfo,
 		engine: &Engine,
 		t: &SignedTransaction,
 		tracer: T,
 		vm_tracer: V,
 	) -> ApplyResult where
 		T: trace::Tracer,
 		V: trace::VMTracer,
 	{
 		let options = TransactOptions::new(tracer, vm_tracer);
 		let e = self.execute(env_info, engine, t, options, false)?;
 		let e = self.execute(env_info, engine, t, tracing, false)?;
 //		trace!("Applied transaction. Diff:\n{}\n", state_diff::diff_pod(&old, &self.to_pod()));
 		let state_root = if env_info.number < engine.params().eip98_transition || env_info.number < engine.params().validate_receipts_transition {
 			self.commit()?;
 			Some(self.root().clone())
 		} else {
 			None
 		};
 		let output = e.output;
 		let receipt = Receipt::new(state_root, e.cumulative_gas_used, e.logs);
 		trace!(target: "state", "Transaction receipt: {:?}", receipt);
-		Ok(ApplyOutcome{receipt: receipt, trace: e.trace})
+
 		Ok(ApplyOutcome {
 			receipt,
 			output,
 			trace: e.trace,
 			vm_trace: e.vm_trace,
 		})
 	}
 	// Execute a given transaction without committing changes.
 	//
 	// `virt` signals that we are executing outside of a block set and restrictions like
 	// gas limits and gas costs should be lifted.
-	fn execute(&mut self, env_info: &EnvInfo, engine: &Engine, t: &SignedTransaction, tracing: bool, virt: bool)
+	fn execute<T, V>(&mut self, env_info: &EnvInfo, engine: &Engine, t: &SignedTransaction, options: TransactOptions<T, V>, virt: bool)
-		-> Result<Executed, ExecutionError>
+		-> Result<Executed, ExecutionError> where T: trace::Tracer, V: trace::VMTracer,
 	{
 		let options = TransactOptions { tracing: tracing, vm_tracing: false, check_nonce: true };
 		let mut e = Executive::new(self, env_info, engine);
 		match virt {
@ -730,9 +762,8 @@ impl<B: Backend> State<B> {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 	#[cfg(test)]
 	#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
 	/// Populate the state from `accounts`.
 	/// Used for tests.
 	pub fn populate_from(&mut self, accounts: PodState) {
 		assert!(self.checkpoints.borrow().is_empty());
 		for (add, acc) in accounts.drain().into_iter() {
--- a/ethcore/src/tests/client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/tests/client.rs
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use io::IoChannel;
 use client::{BlockChainClient, MiningBlockChainClient, Client, ClientConfig, BlockId};
 use state::{self, State, CleanupMode};
-use executive::Executive;
+use executive::{Executive, TransactOptions};
 use ethereum;
 use block::IsBlock;
 use tests::helpers::*;
@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ fn transaction_proof() {
 	let mut state = State::from_existing(backend, root, 0.into(), factories.clone()).unwrap();
 	Executive::new(&mut state, &client.latest_env_info(), &*test_spec.engine)
-		.transact(&transaction, Default::default()).unwrap();
+		.transact(&transaction, TransactOptions::with_no_tracing().dont_check_nonce()).unwrap();
 	assert_eq!(state.balance(&Address::default()).unwrap(), 5.into());
 	assert_eq!(state.balance(&address).unwrap(), 95.into());
--- a/ethcore/src/tests/helpers.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/tests/helpers.rs
@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ pub fn generate_dummy_client_with_spec_accounts_and_data<F>(get_test_spec: F, ac
 				action: Action::Create,
 				data: vec![],
 				value: U256::zero(),
-			}.sign(kp.secret(), Some(test_spec.network_id())), None).unwrap();
+			}.sign(kp.secret(), Some(test_spec.chain_id())), None).unwrap();
 			n += 1;
 		}
--- a/ethcore/src/trace/bloom.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/trace/bloom.rs
@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 use bloomchain::Bloom;
 use bloomchain::group::{BloomGroup, GroupPosition};
 use rlp::*;
 use basic_types::LogBloom;
 /// Helper structure representing bloom of the trace.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, RlpEncodableWrapper, RlpDecodableWrapper)]
 pub struct BlockTracesBloom(LogBloom);
 impl From<LogBloom> for BlockTracesBloom {
@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ impl Into<Bloom> for BlockTracesBloom {
 }
 /// Represents group of X consecutive blooms.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, RlpEncodableWrapper, RlpDecodableWrapper)]
 pub struct BlockTracesBloomGroup {
 	blooms: Vec<BlockTracesBloom>,
 }
@ -59,34 +58,6 @@ impl Into<BloomGroup> for BlockTracesBloomGroup {
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for BlockTracesBloom {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		LogBloom::decode(rlp).map(BlockTracesBloom)
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for BlockTracesBloom {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		Encodable::rlp_append(&self.0, s)
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for BlockTracesBloomGroup {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		let blooms = rlp.as_list()?;
 		let group = BlockTracesBloomGroup {
 			blooms: blooms
 		};
 		Ok(group)
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for BlockTracesBloomGroup {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.append_list(&self.blooms);
 	}
 }
 /// Represents `BloomGroup` position in database.
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct TraceGroupPosition {
--- a/ethcore/src/trace/executive_tracer.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/trace/executive_tracer.rs
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl Tracer for ExecutiveTracer {
 		ExecutiveTracer::default()
 	}
-	fn traces(self) -> Vec<FlatTrace> {
+	fn drain(self) -> Vec<FlatTrace> {
 		self.traces
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/trace/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/trace/mod.rs
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ pub trait Tracer: Send {
 	fn subtracer(&self) -> Self where Self: Sized;
 	/// Consumes self and returns all traces.
-	fn traces(self) -> Vec<FlatTrace>;
+	fn drain(self) -> Vec<FlatTrace>;
 }
 /// Used by executive to build VM traces.
--- a/ethcore/src/trace/noop_tracer.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/trace/noop_tracer.rs
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl Tracer for NoopTracer {
 		NoopTracer
 	}
-	fn traces(self) -> Vec<FlatTrace> {
+	fn drain(self) -> Vec<FlatTrace> {
 		vec![]
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/trace/types/flat.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/trace/types/flat.rs
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl Decodable for FlatTrace {
 }
 /// Represents all traces produced by a single transaction.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, RlpEncodableWrapper, RlpDecodableWrapper)]
 pub struct FlatTransactionTraces(Vec<FlatTrace>);
 impl From<Vec<FlatTrace>> for FlatTransactionTraces {
@ -99,18 +99,6 @@ impl FlatTransactionTraces {
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for FlatTransactionTraces {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.append_list(&self.0);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for FlatTransactionTraces {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		Ok(FlatTransactionTraces(rlp.as_list()?))
 	}
 }
 impl Into<Vec<FlatTrace>> for FlatTransactionTraces {
 	fn into(self) -> Vec<FlatTrace> {
 		self.0
@ -118,7 +106,7 @@ impl Into<Vec<FlatTrace>> for FlatTransactionTraces {
 }
 /// Represents all traces produced by transactions in a single block.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Default, RlpEncodableWrapper, RlpDecodableWrapper)]
 pub struct FlatBlockTraces(Vec<FlatTransactionTraces>);
 impl HeapSizeOf for FlatBlockTraces {
@ -140,18 +128,6 @@ impl FlatBlockTraces {
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for FlatBlockTraces {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.append_list(&self.0);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for FlatBlockTraces {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		Ok(FlatBlockTraces(rlp.as_list()?))
 	}
 }
 impl Into<Vec<FlatTransactionTraces>> for FlatBlockTraces {
 	fn into(self) -> Vec<FlatTransactionTraces> {
 		self.0
--- a/ethcore/src/trace/types/trace.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/trace/types/trace.rs
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use evm::CallType;
 use super::error::Error;
 /// `Call` result.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 pub struct CallResult {
 	/// Gas used by call.
@ -36,27 +36,8 @@ pub struct CallResult {
 	pub output: Bytes,
 }
 impl Encodable for CallResult {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(2);
 		s.append(&self.gas_used);
 		s.append(&self.output);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for CallResult {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		let res = CallResult {
 			gas_used: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			output: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 		};
 		Ok(res)
 	}
 }
 /// `Create` result.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 pub struct CreateResult {
 	/// Gas used by create.
@ -67,27 +48,6 @@ pub struct CreateResult {
 	pub address: Address,
 }
 impl Encodable for CreateResult {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(3);
 		s.append(&self.gas_used);
 		s.append(&self.code);
 		s.append(&self.address);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for CreateResult {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		let res = CreateResult {
 			gas_used: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			code: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			address: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 		};
 		Ok(res)
 	}
 }
 impl CreateResult {
 	/// Returns bloom.
 	pub fn bloom(&self) -> LogBloom {
@ -96,7 +56,7 @@ impl CreateResult {
 }
 /// Description of a _call_ action, either a `CALL` operation or a message transction.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 pub struct Call {
 	/// The sending account.
@ -126,33 +86,6 @@ impl From<ActionParams> for Call {
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for Call {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(6);
 		s.append(&self.from);
 		s.append(&self.to);
 		s.append(&self.value);
 		s.append(&self.gas);
 		s.append(&self.input);
 		s.append(&self.call_type);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for Call {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		let res = Call {
 			from: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			to: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			value: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 			gas: rlp.val_at(3)?,
 			input: rlp.val_at(4)?,
 			call_type: rlp.val_at(5)?,
 		};
 		Ok(res)
 	}
 }
 impl Call {
 	/// Returns call action bloom.
 	/// The bloom contains from and to addresses.
@ -163,7 +96,7 @@ impl Call {
 }
 /// Description of a _create_ action, either a `CREATE` operation or a create transction.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 pub struct Create {
 	/// The address of the creator.
@ -187,29 +120,6 @@ impl From<ActionParams> for Create {
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for Create {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(4);
 		s.append(&self.from);
 		s.append(&self.value);
 		s.append(&self.gas);
 		s.append(&self.init);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for Create {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		let res = Create {
 			from: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			value: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			gas: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 			init: rlp.val_at(3)?,
 		};
 		Ok(res)
 	}
 }
 impl Create {
 	/// Returns bloom create action bloom.
 	/// The bloom contains only from address.
@ -290,7 +200,7 @@ impl Decodable for Reward {
 /// Suicide action.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 pub struct Suicide {
 	/// Suicided address.
@ -331,7 +241,7 @@ impl Decodable for Suicide {
 }
-/// Description of an action that we trace.
+/// Description of an action that we trace; will be either a call or a create.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 pub enum Action {
@ -474,7 +384,7 @@ impl Res {
 	}
 }
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 /// A diff of some chunk of memory.
 pub struct MemoryDiff {
@ -484,24 +394,7 @@ pub struct MemoryDiff {
 	pub data: Bytes,
 }
-impl Encodable for MemoryDiff {
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(2);
 		s.append(&self.offset);
 		s.append(&self.data);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for MemoryDiff {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		Ok(MemoryDiff {
 			offset: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			data: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 		})
 	}
 }
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 /// A diff of some storage value.
 pub struct StorageDiff {
@ -511,24 +404,7 @@ pub struct StorageDiff {
 	pub value: U256,
 }
-impl Encodable for StorageDiff {
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(2);
 		s.append(&self.location);
 		s.append(&self.value);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for StorageDiff {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		Ok(StorageDiff {
 			location: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			value: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 		})
 	}
 }
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 /// A record of an executed VM operation.
 pub struct VMExecutedOperation {
@ -542,28 +418,7 @@ pub struct VMExecutedOperation {
 	pub store_diff: Option<StorageDiff>,
 }
-impl Encodable for VMExecutedOperation {
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(4);
 		s.append(&self.gas_used);
 		s.append_list(&self.stack_push);
 		s.append(&self.mem_diff);
 		s.append(&self.store_diff);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for VMExecutedOperation {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		Ok(VMExecutedOperation {
 			gas_used: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			stack_push: rlp.list_at(1)?,
 			mem_diff: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 			store_diff: rlp.val_at(3)?,
 		})
 	}
 }
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 /// A record of the execution of a single VM operation.
 pub struct VMOperation {
@ -577,30 +432,7 @@ pub struct VMOperation {
 	pub executed: Option<VMExecutedOperation>,
 }
-impl Encodable for VMOperation {
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(4);
 		s.append(&self.pc);
 		s.append(&self.instruction);
 		s.append(&self.gas_cost);
 		s.append(&self.executed);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for VMOperation {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		let res = VMOperation {
 			pc: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			instruction: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			gas_cost: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 			executed: rlp.val_at(3)?,
 		};
 		Ok(res)
 	}
 }
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
 /// A record of a full VM trace for a CALL/CREATE.
 pub struct VMTrace {
@ -614,26 +446,3 @@ pub struct VMTrace {
 	/// Thre is a 1:1 correspondance between these and a CALL/CREATE/CALLCODE/DELEGATECALL instruction.
 	pub subs: Vec<VMTrace>,
 }
 impl Encodable for VMTrace {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(4);
 		s.append(&self.parent_step);
 		s.append(&self.code);
 		s.append_list(&self.operations);
 		s.append_list(&self.subs);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for VMTrace {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		let res = VMTrace {
 			parent_step: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			code: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			operations: rlp.list_at(2)?,
 			subs: rlp.list_at(3)?,
 		};
 		Ok(res)
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/transaction.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/transaction.rs
@ -56,6 +56,15 @@ impl Decodable for Action {
 	}
 }
 impl Encodable for Action {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		match *self {
 			Action::Create => s.append_internal(&""),
 			Action::Call(ref addr) => s.append_internal(addr),
 		};
 	}
 }
 /// Transaction activation condition.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Condition {
@ -85,18 +94,15 @@ pub struct Transaction {
 impl Transaction {
 	/// Append object with a without signature into RLP stream
-	pub fn rlp_append_unsigned_transaction(&self, s: &mut RlpStream, network_id: Option<u64>) {
+	pub fn rlp_append_unsigned_transaction(&self, s: &mut RlpStream, chain_id: Option<u64>) {
-		s.begin_list(if network_id.is_none() { 6 } else { 9 });
+		s.begin_list(if chain_id.is_none() { 6 } else { 9 });
 		s.append(&self.nonce);
 		s.append(&self.gas_price);
 		s.append(&self.gas);
-		match self.action {
+		s.append(&self.action);
 			Action::Create => s.append_empty_data(),
 			Action::Call(ref to) => s.append(to)
 		};
 		s.append(&self.value);
 		s.append(&self.data);
-		if let Some(n) = network_id {
+		if let Some(n) = chain_id {
 			s.append(&n);
 			s.append(&0u8);
 			s.append(&0u8);
@ -157,27 +163,27 @@ impl From<ethjson::transaction::Transaction> for UnverifiedTransaction {
 impl Transaction {
 	/// The message hash of the transaction.
-	pub fn hash(&self, network_id: Option<u64>) -> H256 {
+	pub fn hash(&self, chain_id: Option<u64>) -> H256 {
 		let mut stream = RlpStream::new();
-		self.rlp_append_unsigned_transaction(&mut stream, network_id);
+		self.rlp_append_unsigned_transaction(&mut stream, chain_id);
 		stream.as_raw().sha3()
 	}
 	/// Signs the transaction as coming from `sender`.
-	pub fn sign(self, secret: &Secret, network_id: Option<u64>) -> SignedTransaction {
+	pub fn sign(self, secret: &Secret, chain_id: Option<u64>) -> SignedTransaction {
-		let sig = ::ethkey::sign(secret, &self.hash(network_id))
+		let sig = ::ethkey::sign(secret, &self.hash(chain_id))
 			.expect("data is valid and context has signing capabilities; qed");
-		SignedTransaction::new(self.with_signature(sig, network_id))
+		SignedTransaction::new(self.with_signature(sig, chain_id))
 			.expect("secret is valid so it's recoverable")
 	}
 	/// Signs the transaction with signature.
-	pub fn with_signature(self, sig: Signature, network_id: Option<u64>) -> UnverifiedTransaction {
+	pub fn with_signature(self, sig: Signature, chain_id: Option<u64>) -> UnverifiedTransaction {
 		UnverifiedTransaction {
 			unsigned: self,
 			r: sig.r().into(),
 			s: sig.s().into(),
-			v: sig.v() as u64 + if let Some(n) = network_id { 35 + n * 2 } else { 27 },
+			v: sig.v() as u64 + if let Some(n) = chain_id { 35 + n * 2 } else { 27 },
 			hash: 0.into(),
 		}.compute_hash()
 	}
@ -210,13 +216,13 @@ impl Transaction {
 	}
 	/// Add EIP-86 compatible empty signature.
-	pub fn null_sign(self, network_id: u64) -> SignedTransaction {
+	pub fn null_sign(self, chain_id: u64) -> SignedTransaction {
 		SignedTransaction {
 			transaction: UnverifiedTransaction {
 				unsigned: self,
 				r: U256::zero(),
 				s: U256::zero(),
-				v: network_id,
+				v: chain_id,
 				hash: 0.into(),
 			}.compute_hash(),
 			sender: UNSIGNED_SENDER,
@ -244,7 +250,7 @@ pub struct UnverifiedTransaction {
 	/// Plain Transaction.
 	unsigned: Transaction,
 	/// The V field of the signature; the LS bit described which half of the curve our point falls
-	/// in. The MS bits describe which network this transaction is for. If 27/28, its for all networks.
+	/// in. The MS bits describe which chain this transaction is for. If 27/28, its for all chains.
 	v: u64,
 	/// The R field of the signature; helps describe the point on the curve.
 	r: U256,
@ -308,10 +314,7 @@ impl UnverifiedTransaction {
 		s.append(&self.nonce);
 		s.append(&self.gas_price);
 		s.append(&self.gas);
-		match self.action {
+		s.append(&self.action);
 			Action::Create => s.append_empty_data(),
 			Action::Call(ref to) => s.append(to)
 		};
 		s.append(&self.value);
 		s.append(&self.data);
 		s.append(&self.v);
@ -330,8 +333,8 @@ impl UnverifiedTransaction {
 	/// The `v` value that appears in the RLP.
 	pub fn original_v(&self) -> u64 { self.v }
-	/// The network ID, or `None` if this is a global transaction.
+	/// The chain ID, or `None` if this is a global transaction.
-	pub fn network_id(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+	pub fn chain_id(&self) -> Option<u64> {
 		match self.v {
 			v if self.is_unsigned() => Some(v),
 			v if v > 36 => Some((v - 35) / 2),
@ -360,15 +363,15 @@ impl UnverifiedTransaction {
 	/// Recovers the public key of the sender.
 	pub fn recover_public(&self) -> Result<Public, Error> {
-		Ok(recover(&self.signature(), &self.unsigned.hash(self.network_id()))?)
+		Ok(recover(&self.signature(), &self.unsigned.hash(self.chain_id()))?)
 	}
 	/// Do basic validation, checking for valid signature and minimum gas,
 	// TODO: consider use in block validation.
 	#[cfg(test)]
 	#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
-	pub fn validate(self, schedule: &Schedule, require_low: bool, allow_network_id_of_one: bool, allow_empty_signature: bool) -> Result<UnverifiedTransaction, Error> {
+	pub fn validate(self, schedule: &Schedule, require_low: bool, allow_chain_id_of_one: bool, allow_empty_signature: bool) -> Result<UnverifiedTransaction, Error> {
-		let chain_id = if allow_network_id_of_one { Some(1) } else { None };
+		let chain_id = if allow_chain_id_of_one { Some(1) } else { None };
 		self.verify_basic(require_low, chain_id, allow_empty_signature)?;
 		if !allow_empty_signature || !self.is_unsigned() {
 			self.recover_public()?;
@ -388,10 +391,10 @@ impl UnverifiedTransaction {
 		if allow_empty_signature && self.is_unsigned() && !(self.gas_price.is_zero() && self.value.is_zero() && self.nonce.is_zero()) {
 			return Err(EthkeyError::InvalidSignature.into())
 		}
-		match (self.network_id(), chain_id) {
+		match (self.chain_id(), chain_id) {
 			(None, _) => {},
 			(Some(n), Some(m)) if n == m => {},
-			_ => return Err(TransactionError::InvalidNetworkId.into()),
+			_ => return Err(TransactionError::InvalidChainId.into()),
 		};
 		Ok(())
 	}
@ -555,7 +558,7 @@ mod tests {
 		} else { panic!(); }
 		assert_eq!(t.value, U256::from(0x0au64));
 		assert_eq!(public_to_address(&t.recover_public().unwrap()), "0f65fe9276bc9a24ae7083ae28e2660ef72df99e".into());
-		assert_eq!(t.network_id(), None);
+		assert_eq!(t.chain_id(), None);
 	}
 	#[test]
@ -572,7 +575,7 @@ mod tests {
 			data: b"Hello!".to_vec()
 		}.sign(&key.secret(), None);
 		assert_eq!(Address::from(key.public().sha3()), t.sender());
-		assert_eq!(t.network_id(), None);
+		assert_eq!(t.chain_id(), None);
 	}
 	#[test]
@ -586,15 +589,15 @@ mod tests {
 			data: b"Hello!".to_vec()
 		}.fake_sign(Address::from(0x69));
 		assert_eq!(Address::from(0x69), t.sender());
-		assert_eq!(t.network_id(), None);
+		assert_eq!(t.chain_id(), None);
 		let t = t.clone();
 		assert_eq!(Address::from(0x69), t.sender());
-		assert_eq!(t.network_id(), None);
+		assert_eq!(t.chain_id(), None);
 	}
 	#[test]
-	fn should_recover_from_network_specific_signing() {
+	fn should_recover_from_chain_specific_signing() {
 		use ethkey::{Random, Generator};
 		let key = Random.generate().unwrap();
 		let t = Transaction {
@ -606,7 +609,7 @@ mod tests {
 			data: b"Hello!".to_vec()
 		}.sign(&key.secret(), Some(69));
 		assert_eq!(Address::from(key.public().sha3()), t.sender());
-		assert_eq!(t.network_id(), Some(69));
+		assert_eq!(t.chain_id(), Some(69));
 	}
 	#[test]
@ -617,7 +620,7 @@ mod tests {
 			let signed = decode(&FromHex::from_hex(tx_data).unwrap());
 			let signed = SignedTransaction::new(signed).unwrap();
 			assert_eq!(signed.sender(), address.into());
-			flushln!("networkid: {:?}", signed.network_id());
+			flushln!("chainid: {:?}", signed.chain_id());
 		};
 		test_vector("f864808504a817c800825208943535353535353535353535353535353535353535808025a0044852b2a670ade5407e78fb2863c51de9fcb96542a07186fe3aeda6bb8a116da0044852b2a670ade5407e78fb2863c51de9fcb96542a07186fe3aeda6bb8a116d", "0xf0f6f18bca1b28cd68e4357452947e021241e9ce");
--- a/ethcore/types/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/types/Cargo.toml
@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 [dependencies]
 rlp = { path = "../../util/rlp" }
 rlp_derive = { path = "../../util/rlp_derive" }
 ethcore-util = { path = "../../util" }
 ethjson = { path = "../../json" }
 bloomable = { path = "../../util/bloomable" }
--- a/ethcore/types/src/basic_account.rs
+++ b/ethcore/types/src/basic_account.rs
@ -16,11 +16,10 @@
 //! Basic account type -- the decoded RLP from the state trie.
 use rlp::*;
 use util::{U256, H256};
 /// Basic account type.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 pub struct BasicAccount {
 	/// Nonce of the account.
 	pub nonce: U256,
@ -31,24 +30,3 @@ pub struct BasicAccount {
 	/// Code hash of the account.
 	pub code_hash: H256,
 }
 impl Encodable for BasicAccount {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(4)
 			.append(&self.nonce)
 			.append(&self.balance)
 			.append(&self.storage_root)
 			.append(&self.code_hash);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for BasicAccount {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		Ok(BasicAccount {
 			nonce: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			balance: rlp.val_at(1)?,
 			storage_root: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 			code_hash: rlp.val_at(3)?,
 		})
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/types/src/block_status.rs
+++ b/ethcore/types/src/block_status.rs
@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ pub enum BlockStatus {
 	Queued,
 	/// Known as bad.
 	Bad,
 	/// Pending block.
 	Pending,
 	/// Unknown.
 	Unknown,
 }
--- a/ethcore/types/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/types/src/lib.rs
@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 extern crate ethcore_util as util;
 extern crate ethjson;
 extern crate rlp;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate rlp_derive;
 extern crate bloomable;
 #[cfg(test)]
--- a/ethcore/types/src/log_entry.rs
+++ b/ethcore/types/src/log_entry.rs
@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use util::{H256, Address, Bytes, HeapSizeOf, Hashable};
 use bloomable::Bloomable;
 use rlp::*;
 use {BlockNumber};
 use ethjson;
@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ use ethjson;
 pub type LogBloom = ::util::H2048;
 /// A record of execution for a `LOG` operation.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable)]
 pub struct LogEntry {
 	/// The address of the contract executing at the point of the `LOG` operation.
 	pub address: Address,
@ -37,26 +36,6 @@ pub struct LogEntry {
 	pub data: Bytes,
 }
 impl Encodable for LogEntry {
 	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(3);
 		s.append(&self.address);
 		s.append_list(&self.topics);
 		s.append(&self.data);
 	}
 }
 impl Decodable for LogEntry {
 	fn decode(rlp: &UntrustedRlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
 		let entry = LogEntry {
 			address: rlp.val_at(0)?,
 			topics: rlp.list_at(1)?,
 			data: rlp.val_at(2)?,
 		};
 		Ok(entry)
 	}
 }
 impl HeapSizeOf for LogEntry {
 	fn heap_size_of_children(&self) -> usize {
 		self.topics.heap_size_of_children() + self.data.heap_size_of_children()
--- a/ethcore/vm/src/tests.rs
+++ b/ethcore/vm/src/tests.rs
@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ pub struct FakeExt {
 	pub info: EnvInfo,
 	pub schedule: Schedule,
 	pub balances: HashMap<Address, U256>,
 	pub tracing: bool,
 }
 // similar to the normal `finalize` function, but ignoring NeedsReturn.
@ -184,4 +185,8 @@ impl Ext for FakeExt {
 	fn inc_sstore_clears(&mut self) {
 		self.sstore_clears += 1;
 	}
 	fn trace_next_instruction(&mut self, _pc: usize, _instruction: u8) -> bool {
 		self.tracing
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/wasm/src/env.rs
+++ b/ethcore/wasm/src/env.rs
@ -17,8 +17,9 @@
 //! Wasm env module bindings
 use parity_wasm::elements::ValueType::*;
-use parity_wasm::interpreter::UserFunctionDescriptor;
+use parity_wasm::interpreter::{self, UserFunctionDescriptor};
 use parity_wasm::interpreter::UserFunctionDescriptor::*;
 use super::runtime::Runtime;
 pub const SIGNATURES: &'static [UserFunctionDescriptor] = &[
 	Static(
@ -81,63 +82,29 @@ pub const SIGNATURES: &'static [UserFunctionDescriptor] = &[
 		&[I32],
 		None,
 	),
 	Static(
 		"_abort",
 		&[],
 		None,
 	),
 	Static(
 		"abortOnCannotGrowMemory",
 		&[I32; 0],
 		Some(I32)
 	),
 	/*
 		THIS IS EXPERIMENTAL RUST-ONLY RUNTIME EXTERNS, THEY ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
 		AVOID YOUR WASM CONTAINS ANY OF THESE OTHERWISE
 			EITHER FACE THE NEED OF HARDFORK
 			OR YOU CAN STUCK ON SPECIFIC RUST VERSION FOR WASM COMPILATION
 	*/
 	Static(
 		"_rust_begin_unwind",
 		&[I32; 4],
 		None,
 	),
 	Static(
 		"_emscripten_memcpy_big",
 		&[I32; 3],
 		Some(I32),
 	),
-	Static(
+
-		"___syscall6",
+	// TODO: Get rid of it also somehow?
 		&[I32; 2],
 		Some(I32),
 	),
 	Static(
 		"___syscall140",
 		&[I32; 2],
 		Some(I32)
 	),
 	Static(
 		"___syscall146",
 		&[I32; 2],
 		Some(I32)
 	),
 	Static(
 		"___syscall54",
 		&[I32; 2],
 		Some(I32)
 	),
 	Static(
 		"_llvm_trap",
 		&[I32; 0],
 		None
 	),
 	Static(
-		"___setErrNo",
+		"_llvm_bswap_i64",
-		&[I32; 1],
+		&[I32; 2],
-		None
+		Some(I32)
 	),
 ];
 pub fn native_bindings<'a>(runtime: &'a mut Runtime) -> interpreter::UserFunctions<'a> {
 	interpreter::UserFunctions {
 		executor: runtime,
 		functions: ::std::borrow::Cow::from(SIGNATURES),
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/wasm/src/lib.rs
@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ mod result;
 mod tests;
 mod env;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 const DEFAULT_STACK_SPACE: u32 = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
 use parity_wasm::{interpreter, elements};
@ -89,6 +87,7 @@ impl vm::Vm for WasmInterpreter {
 			DEFAULT_STACK_SPACE,
 			params.gas.low_u64(),
 			RuntimeContext::new(params.address, params.sender),
 			&self.program,
 		);
 		let mut cursor = ::std::io::Cursor::new(&*code);
@ -112,16 +111,8 @@ impl vm::Vm for WasmInterpreter {
 		)?;
 		{
-			let execution_params = interpreter::ExecutionParams::with_external(
+			let execution_params = runtime.execution_params()
-				"env".into(),
+				.add_argument(interpreter::RuntimeValue::I32(d_ptr.as_raw() as i32));
 				Arc::new(
 					interpreter::env_native_module(env_instance, native_bindings(&mut runtime))
 						.map_err(|err| {
 							// todo: prefer explicit panic here also?
 							vm::Error::Wasm(format!("Error instantiating native bindings: {:?}", err))
 						})?
 				)
 			).add_argument(interpreter::RuntimeValue::I32(d_ptr.as_raw() as i32));
 			let module_instance = self.program.add_module("contract", contract_module, Some(&execution_params.externals))
 				.map_err(|err| {
@ -158,13 +149,6 @@ impl vm::Vm for WasmInterpreter {
 	}
 }
 fn native_bindings<'a>(runtime: &'a mut Runtime) -> interpreter::UserFunctions<'a> {
 	interpreter::UserFunctions {
 		executor: runtime,
 		functions: ::std::borrow::Cow::from(env::SIGNATURES),
 	}
 }
 impl From<runtime::Error> for vm::Error {
 	fn from(err: runtime::Error) -> vm::Error {
 		vm::Error::Wasm(format!("WASM runtime-error: {:?}", err))
--- a/ethcore/wasm/src/runtime.rs
+++ b/ethcore/wasm/src/runtime.rs
@ -72,24 +72,26 @@ impl RuntimeContext {
 }
 /// Runtime enviroment data for wasm contract execution
-pub struct Runtime<'a> {
+pub struct Runtime<'a, 'b> {
 	gas_counter: u64,
 	gas_limit: u64,
 	dynamic_top: u32,
 	ext: &'a mut vm::Ext,
 	memory: Arc<interpreter::MemoryInstance>,
 	context: RuntimeContext,
 	instance: &'b interpreter::ProgramInstance,
 }
-impl<'a> Runtime<'a> {
+impl<'a, 'b> Runtime<'a, 'b> {
 	/// New runtime for wasm contract with specified params
-	pub fn with_params<'b>(
+	pub fn with_params<'c, 'd>(
-		ext: &'b mut vm::Ext,
+		ext: &'c mut vm::Ext,
 		memory: Arc<interpreter::MemoryInstance>,
 		stack_space: u32,
 		gas_limit: u64,
 		context: RuntimeContext,
-	) -> Runtime<'b> {
+		program_instance: &'d interpreter::ProgramInstance,
 	) -> Runtime<'c, 'd> {
 		Runtime {
 			gas_counter: 0,
 			gas_limit: gas_limit,
@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ impl<'a> Runtime<'a> {
 			memory: memory,
 			ext: ext,
 			context: context,
 			instance: program_instance,
 		}
 	}
@ -449,9 +452,58 @@ impl<'a> Runtime<'a> {
 		Ok(Some(0i32.into()))
 	}
 	fn bswap_32(x: u32) -> u32 {
 		x >> 24 | x >> 8 & 0xff00 | x << 8 & 0xff0000 | x << 24
 	}
 	fn bitswap_i64(&mut self, context: interpreter::CallerContext)
 		-> Result<Option<interpreter::RuntimeValue>, interpreter::Error>
 	{
 		let x1 = context.value_stack.pop_as::<i32>()?;
 		let x2 = context.value_stack.pop_as::<i32>()?;
 		let result = ((Runtime::bswap_32(x2 as u32) as u64) << 32
 			| Runtime::bswap_32(x1 as u32) as u64) as i64;
 		self.return_i64(result)
 	}
 	fn return_i64(&mut self, val: i64) -> Result<Option<interpreter::RuntimeValue>, interpreter::Error> {
 		let uval = val as u64;
 		let hi = (uval >> 32) as i32;
 		let lo = (uval << 32 >> 32) as i32;
 		let target = self.instance.module("contract")
 			.ok_or(interpreter::Error::Trap("Error locating main execution entry".to_owned()))?;
 		target.execute_export(
 			"setTempRet0",
 			self.execution_params().add_argument(
 				interpreter::RuntimeValue::I32(hi).into()
 			),
 		)?;
 		Ok(Some(
 			(lo).into()
 		))
 	}
 	pub fn execution_params(&mut self) -> interpreter::ExecutionParams {
 		use super::env;
 		let env_instance = self.instance.module("env")
 			.expect("Env module always exists; qed");
 		interpreter::ExecutionParams::with_external(
 			"env".into(),
 			Arc::new(
 				interpreter::env_native_module(env_instance, env::native_bindings(self))
 					.expect("Env module always exists; qed")
 			)
 		)
 	}
 }
-impl<'a> interpreter::UserFunctionExecutor for Runtime<'a> {
+impl<'a, 'b> interpreter::UserFunctionExecutor for Runtime<'a, 'b> {
 	fn execute(&mut self, name: &str, context: interpreter::CallerContext)
 		-> Result<Option<interpreter::RuntimeValue>, interpreter::Error>
 	{
@ -494,6 +546,9 @@ impl<'a> interpreter::UserFunctionExecutor for Runtime<'a> {
 			"_emscripten_memcpy_big" => {
 				self.mem_copy(context)
 			},
 			"_llvm_bswap_i64" => {
 				self.bitswap_i64(context)
 			},
 			_ => {
 				trace!(target: "wasm", "Trapped due to unhandled function: '{}'", name);
 				self.user_trap(context)
--- a/ethcore/wasm/src/tests.rs
+++ b/ethcore/wasm/src/tests.rs
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ fn empty() {
 		test_finalize(interpreter.exec(params, &mut ext)).unwrap()
 	};
-	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_996));
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_992));
 }
 // This test checks if the contract deserializes payload header properly.
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ fn logger() {
 	};
 	println!("ext.store: {:?}", ext.store);
-	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99590));
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99327));
 	let address_val: H256 = address.into();
 	assert_eq!(
 		ext.store.get(&"0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000".parse().unwrap()).expect("storage key to exist"),
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ fn identity() {
 		}
 	};
-	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_687));
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_672));
 	assert_eq!(
 		Address::from_slice(&result),
@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ fn dispersion() {
 		}
 	};
-	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_423));
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_270));
 	assert_eq!(
 		result,
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ fn suicide_not() {
 		}
 	};
-	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_656));
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_578));
 	assert_eq!(
 		result,
@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ fn suicide() {
 		}
 	};
-	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_740));
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_621));
 	assert!(ext.suicides.contains(&refund));
 }
@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ fn create() {
 	assert!(ext.calls.contains(
 		&FakeCall {
 			call_type: FakeCallType::Create,
-			gas: U256::from(99_767),
+			gas: U256::from(99_674),
 			sender_address: None,
 			receive_address: None,
 			value: Some(1_000_000_000.into()),
@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ fn create() {
 			code_address: None,
 		}
 	));
-	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_759));
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_596));
 }
@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ fn call_code() {
 	assert!(ext.calls.contains(
 		&FakeCall {
 			call_type: FakeCallType::Call,
-			gas: U256::from(99_061),
+			gas: U256::from(99_069),
 			sender_address: Some(sender),
 			receive_address: Some(receiver),
 			value: None,
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ fn call_code() {
 			code_address: Some("0d13710000000000000000000000000000000000".parse().unwrap()),
 		}
 	));
-	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(94196));
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(94144));
 	// siphash result
 	let res = LittleEndian::read_u32(&result[..]);
@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ fn call_static() {
 	assert!(ext.calls.contains(
 		&FakeCall {
 			call_type: FakeCallType::Call,
-			gas: U256::from(99_061),
+			gas: U256::from(99_069),
 			sender_address: Some(sender),
 			receive_address: Some(receiver),
 			value: None,
@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ fn call_static() {
 			code_address: Some("13077bfb00000000000000000000000000000000".parse().unwrap()),
 		}
 	));
-	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(94196));
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(94144));
 	// siphash result
 	let res = LittleEndian::read_u32(&result[..]);
@ -378,13 +378,158 @@ fn realloc() {
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 	let (gas_left, result) = {
-			let mut interpreter = wasm_interpreter();
+		let mut interpreter = wasm_interpreter();
-			let result = interpreter.exec(params, &mut ext).expect("Interpreter to execute without any errors");
+		let result = interpreter.exec(params, &mut ext).expect("Interpreter to execute without any errors");
-			match result {
+		match result {
-					GasLeft::Known(_) => { panic!("Realloc should return payload"); },
+				GasLeft::Known(_) => { panic!("Realloc should return payload"); },
-					GasLeft::NeedsReturn { gas_left: gas, data: result, apply_state: _apply } => (gas, result.to_vec()),
+				GasLeft::NeedsReturn { gas_left: gas, data: result, apply_state: _apply } => (gas, result.to_vec()),
-			}
+		}
 	};
-	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(98326));
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99432));
 	assert_eq!(result, vec![0u8; 2]);
 }
 // Tests that contract's ability to read from a storage
 // Test prepopulates address into storage, than executes a contract which read that address from storage and write this address into result
 #[test]
 fn storage_read() {
 	let code = load_sample!("storage_read.wasm");
 	let address: Address = "0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6".parse().unwrap();
 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
 	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 	ext.store.insert("0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000".into(), address.into());
 	let (gas_left, result) = {
 		let mut interpreter = wasm_interpreter();
 		let result = interpreter.exec(params, &mut ext).expect("Interpreter to execute without any errors");
 		match result {
 				GasLeft::Known(_) => { panic!("storage_read should return payload"); },
 				GasLeft::NeedsReturn { gas_left: gas, data: result, apply_state: _apply } => (gas, result.to_vec()),
 		}
 	};
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99682));
 	assert_eq!(Address::from(&result[12..32]), address);
 }
 macro_rules! reqrep_test {
 	($name: expr, $input: expr) => {
 		{
 			::ethcore_logger::init_log();
 			let code = load_sample!($name);
 			let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 			params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
 			params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 			params.data = Some($input);
 			let (gas_left, result) = {
 				let mut interpreter = wasm_interpreter();
 				let result = interpreter.exec(params, &mut FakeExt::new()).expect("Interpreter to execute without any errors");
 				match result {
 						GasLeft::Known(_) => { panic!("Test is expected to return payload to check"); },
 						GasLeft::NeedsReturn { gas_left: gas, data: result, apply_state: _apply } => (gas, result.to_vec()),
 				}
 			};
 			(gas_left, result)
 		}
 	}
 }
 // math_* tests check the ability of wasm contract to perform big integer operations
 // - addition
 // - multiplication
 // - substraction
 // - division
 // addition
 #[test]
 fn math_add() {
 	let (gas_left, result) = reqrep_test!(
 		"math.wasm",
 		{
 			let mut args = [0u8; 65];
 			let arg_a = U256::from_dec_str("999999999999999999999999999999").unwrap();
 			let arg_b = U256::from_dec_str("888888888888888888888888888888").unwrap();
 			arg_a.to_big_endian(&mut args[1..33]);
 			arg_b.to_big_endian(&mut args[33..65]);
 			args.to_vec()
 		}
 	);
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(98087));
 	assert_eq!(
 		U256::from_dec_str("1888888888888888888888888888887").unwrap(),
 		(&result[..]).into()
 	);
 }
 // multiplication
 #[test]
 fn math_mul() {
 	let (gas_left, result) = reqrep_test!(
 		"math.wasm",
 		{
 			let mut args = [1u8; 65];
 			let arg_a = U256::from_dec_str("888888888888888888888888888888").unwrap();
 			let arg_b = U256::from_dec_str("999999999999999999999999999999").unwrap();
 			arg_a.to_big_endian(&mut args[1..33]);
 			arg_b.to_big_endian(&mut args[33..65]);
 			args.to_vec()
 		}
 	);
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(97236));
 	assert_eq!(
 		U256::from_dec_str("888888888888888888888888888887111111111111111111111111111112").unwrap(),
 		(&result[..]).into()
 	);
 }
 // substraction
 #[test]
 fn math_sub() {
 	let (gas_left, result) = reqrep_test!(
 		"math.wasm",
 		{
 			let mut args = [2u8; 65];
 			let arg_a = U256::from_dec_str("999999999999999999999999999999").unwrap();
 			let arg_b = U256::from_dec_str("888888888888888888888888888888").unwrap();
 			arg_a.to_big_endian(&mut args[1..33]);
 			arg_b.to_big_endian(&mut args[33..65]);
 			args.to_vec()
 		}
 	);
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(98131));
 	assert_eq!(
 		U256::from_dec_str("111111111111111111111111111111").unwrap(),
 		(&result[..]).into()
 	);
 }
 #[test]
 fn math_div() {
 	let (gas_left, result) = reqrep_test!(
 		"math.wasm",
 		{
 			let mut args = [3u8; 65];
 			let arg_a = U256::from_dec_str("999999999999999999999999999999").unwrap();
 			let arg_b = U256::from_dec_str("888888888888888888888888").unwrap();
 			arg_a.to_big_endian(&mut args[1..33]);
 			arg_b.to_big_endian(&mut args[33..65]);
 			args.to_vec()
 		}
 	);
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(91420));
 	assert_eq!(
 		U256::from_dec_str("1125000").unwrap(),
 		(&result[..]).into()
 	);
 }
--- a/ethcrypto/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcrypto/Cargo.toml
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 [dependencies]
 rust-crypto = "0.2.36"
-tiny-keccak = "1.2"
+tiny-keccak = "1.3"
 eth-secp256k1 = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/rust-secp256k1" }
 ethkey = { path = "../ethkey" }
 ethcore-bigint = { path = "../util/bigint" }
--- a/ethkey/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethkey/Cargo.toml
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 [dependencies]
 rand = "0.3.14"
 lazy_static = "0.2"
-tiny-keccak = "1.2"
+tiny-keccak = "1.3"
 eth-secp256k1 = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/rust-secp256k1" }
 rustc-hex = "1.0"
 ethcore-bigint = { path = "../util/bigint" }
--- a/ethstore/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethstore/Cargo.toml
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ serde_json = "1.0"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 rustc-hex = "1.0"
 rust-crypto = "0.2.36"
-tiny-keccak = "1.0"
+tiny-keccak = "1.3"
 time = "0.1.34"
 itertools = "0.5"
 parking_lot = "0.4"
--- a/ethstore/src/account/safe_account.rs
+++ b/ethstore/src/account/safe_account.rs
@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-use ethkey::{KeyPair, sign, Address, Signature, Message, Public};
+use ethkey::{KeyPair, sign, Address, Signature, Message, Public, Secret};
 use crypto::ecdh::agree;
 use {json, Error, crypto};
 use account::Version;
 use super::crypto::Crypto;
@ -135,6 +136,12 @@ impl SafeAccount {
 		crypto::ecies::decrypt(&secret, shared_mac, message).map_err(From::from)
 	}
 	/// Agree on shared key.
 	pub fn agree(&self, password: &str, other: &Public) -> Result<Secret, Error> {
 		let secret = self.crypto.secret(password)?;
 		agree(&secret, other).map_err(From::from)
 	}
 	/// Derive public key.
 	pub fn public(&self, password: &str) -> Result<Public, Error> {
 		let secret = self.crypto.secret(password)?;
--- a/ethstore/src/ethstore.rs
+++ b/ethstore/src/ethstore.rs
@ -97,6 +97,10 @@ impl SimpleSecretStore for EthStore {
 		self.store.sign_derived(account_ref, password, derivation, message)
 	}
 	fn agree(&self, account: &StoreAccountRef, password: &str, other: &Public) -> Result<Secret, Error> {
 		self.store.agree(account, password, other)
 	}
 	fn decrypt(&self, account: &StoreAccountRef, password: &str, shared_mac: &[u8], message: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
 		let account = self.get(account)?;
 		account.decrypt(password, shared_mac, message)
@ -495,18 +499,26 @@ impl SimpleSecretStore for EthMultiStore {
 	fn sign(&self, account: &StoreAccountRef, password: &str, message: &Message) -> Result<Signature, Error> {
 		let accounts = self.get_matching(account, password)?;
-		for account in accounts {
+		match accounts.first() {
-			return account.sign(password, message);
+			Some(ref account) => account.sign(password, message),
 			None => Err(Error::InvalidPassword),
 		}
 		Err(Error::InvalidPassword)
 	}
 	fn decrypt(&self, account: &StoreAccountRef, password: &str, shared_mac: &[u8], message: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
 		let accounts = self.get_matching(account, password)?;
-		for account in accounts {
+		match accounts.first() {
-			return account.decrypt(password, shared_mac, message);
+			Some(ref account) => account.decrypt(password, shared_mac, message),
 			None => Err(Error::InvalidPassword),
 		}
 	}
 	fn agree(&self, account: &StoreAccountRef, password: &str, other: &Public) -> Result<Secret, Error> {
 		let accounts = self.get_matching(account, password)?;
 		match accounts.first() {
 			Some(ref account) => account.agree(password, other),
 			None => Err(Error::InvalidPassword),
 		}
 		Err(Error::InvalidPassword)
 	}
 	fn create_vault(&self, name: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
		`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
							[{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"name":"keyServersList","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_new","type":"address"}],"name":"setOwner","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"keyServer","type":"address"}],"name":"getKeyServerPublic","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"bytes"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"getKeyServers","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"address[]"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"owner","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"keyServer","type":"address"}],"name":"getKeyServerAddress","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"keyServer","type":"address"}],"name":"removeKeyServer","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"keyServerPublic","type":"bytes"},{"name":"keyServerIp","type":"string"}],"name":"addKeyServer","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"name":"keyServer","type":"address"}],"name":"KeyServerAdded","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"name":"keyServer","type":"address"}],"name":"KeyServerRemoved","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"old","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"current","type":"address"}],"name":"NewOwner","type":"event"}]
		`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
							`[{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"sl","type":"bytes32"},{"name":"sh","type":"bytes32"},{"name":"pl","type":"bytes32"},{"name":"ph","type":"bytes32"}],"name":"connectionAllowed","outputs":[{"name":"res","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"constructor"}]`
		`@ -1 +1 @@`
			`Subproject commit 04c9d84c5fe5c3ad707be58664c7e72b97cc9996`				`Subproject commit 519b0b967cffd7d1236ef21698b1e6e415a048e9`