Merge branch 'master' into close_gently

Conflicts: parity/main.rs
2016-02-10 13:13:04 +01:00 · 2016-02-10 13:13:04 +01:00 · 6b0cc0c8fa
parent 2a498fc3eb 9f8766c8da
commit 6b0cc0c8fa
38 changed files with 1132 additions and 398 deletions
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ after_success: |
  wget https://github.com/SimonKagstrom/kcov/archive/master.tar.gz &&
  tar xzf master.tar.gz && mkdir kcov-master/build && cd kcov-master/build && cmake .. && make && make install DESTDIR=../tmp && cd ../.. &&
  cargo test --no-run ${KCOV_FEATURES} ${TARGETS} &&
-  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust target/kcov target/debug/deps/ethcore_util-* &&
-  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust target/kcov target/debug/deps/ethash-* &&
-  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust target/kcov target/debug/deps/ethcore-* &&
-  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust target/kcov target/debug/deps/ethsync-* &&
-  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust target/kcov target/debug/deps/ethcore_rpc-* &&
+  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust,src/tests,util/json-tests,util/src/network/tests,sync/src/tests,ethcore/src/tests,ethcore/src/evm/tests target/kcov target/debug/deps/ethcore_util-* &&
+  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust,src/tests,util/json-tests,util/src/network/tests,sync/src/tests,ethcore/src/tests,ethcore/src/evm/tests target/kcov target/debug/deps/ethash-* &&
+  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust,src/tests,util/json-tests,util/src/network/tests,sync/src/tests,ethcore/src/tests,ethcore/src/evm/tests target/kcov target/debug/deps/ethcore-* &&
+  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust,src/tests,util/json-tests,util/src/network/tests,sync/src/tests,ethcore/src/tests,ethcore/src/evm/tests target/kcov target/debug/deps/ethsync-* &&
+  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust,src/tests,util/json-tests,util/src/network/tests,sync/src/tests,ethcore/src/tests,ethcore/src/evm/tests target/kcov target/debug/deps/ethcore_rpc-* &&
  ./kcov-master/tmp/usr/local/bin/kcov --coveralls-id=${TRAVIS_JOB_ID} --exclude-pattern /.cargo,/root/.multirust target/kcov target/debug/parity-* &&
  [ $TRAVIS_BRANCH = master ] &&
  [ $TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST = false ] &&
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ ethcore = { path = "ethcore" }
 ethsync = { path = "sync" }
 ethcore-rpc = { path = "rpc", optional = true }
 fdlimit = { path = "util/fdlimit" }
+target_info = "0.1"

 [features]
 default = ["rpc"]
--- a/cov.sh
+++ b/cov.sh
@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ fi
 cargo test -p ethash -p ethcore-util -p ethcore -p ethsync -p ethcore-rpc -p parity --no-run || exit $?
 rm -rf target/coverage
 mkdir -p target/coverage
-kcov --exclude-pattern ~/.multirust,rocksdb,secp256k1,src/tests --include-pattern src --verify target/coverage target/debug/deps/ethcore-*
-kcov --exclude-pattern ~/.multirust,rocksdb,secp256k1,src/tests --include-pattern src --verify target/coverage target/debug/deps/ethash-*
-kcov --exclude-pattern ~/.multirust,rocksdb,secp256k1,src/tests --include-pattern src --verify target/coverage target/debug/deps/ethcore_util-*
-kcov --exclude-pattern ~/.multirust,rocksdb,secp256k1,src/tests --include-pattern src --verify target/coverage target/debug/deps/ethsync-*
-kcov --exclude-pattern ~/.multirust,rocksdb,secp256k1,src/tests --include-pattern src --verify target/coverage target/debug/deps/ethcore_rpc-*
+kcov --exclude-pattern ~/.multirust,rocksdb,secp256k1,src/tests,util/json-tests,util/src/network/tests,sync/src/tests,ethcore/src/tests,ethcore/src/evm/tests --include-pattern src --verify target/coverage target/debug/deps/ethcore-*
+kcov --exclude-pattern ~/.multirust,rocksdb,secp256k1,src/tests,util/json-tests,util/src/network/tests,sync/src/tests,ethcore/src/tests,ethcore/src/evm/tests --include-pattern src --verify target/coverage target/debug/deps/ethash-*
+kcov --exclude-pattern ~/.multirust,rocksdb,secp256k1,src/tests,util/json-tests,util/src/network/tests,sync/src/tests,ethcore/src/tests,ethcore/src/evm/tests --include-pattern src --verify target/coverage target/debug/deps/ethcore_util-*
+kcov --exclude-pattern ~/.multirust,rocksdb,secp256k1,src/tests,util/json-tests,util/src/network/tests,sync/src/tests,ethcore/src/tests,ethcore/src/evm/tests --include-pattern src --verify target/coverage target/debug/deps/ethsync-*
+kcov --exclude-pattern ~/.multirust,rocksdb,secp256k1,src/tests,util/json-tests,util/src/network/tests,sync/src/tests,ethcore/src/tests,ethcore/src/evm/tests --include-pattern src --verify target/coverage target/debug/deps/ethcore_rpc-*
 xdg-open target/coverage/index.html
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/frontier.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/frontier.json
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 		"enode://a979fb575495b8d6db44f750317d0f4622bf4c2aa3365d6af7c284339968eef29b69ad0dce72a4d8db5ebb4968de0e3bec910127f134779fbcb0cb6d3331163c@52.16.188.185:30303",
 		"enode://de471bccee3d042261d52e9bff31458daecc406142b401d4cd848f677479f73104b9fdeb090af9583d3391b7f10cb2ba9e26865dd5fca4fcdc0fb1e3b723c786@54.94.239.50:30303",
 		"enode://1118980bf48b0a3640bdba04e0fe78b1add18e1cd99bf22d53daac1fd9972ad650df52176e7c7d89d1114cfef2bc23a2959aa54998a46afcf7d91809f0855082@52.74.57.123:30303",
-		"enode://859bbe6926fc161d218f62bd2efe0b4f6980205c00a5b928ccee39c94c440b73a054ece5db36beddd71963fbd296af61ec72a591f72a2299f9a046bd6d6ce1a9@parity-node-zero.ethcore.io:30303"
+		"enode://248f12bc8b18d5289358085520ac78cd8076485211e6d96ab0bc93d6cd25442db0ce3a937dc404f64f207b0b9aed50e25e98ce32af5ac7cb321ff285b97de485@parity-node-zero.ethcore.io:30303"
 	],
 	"accounts": {
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } },
--- a/ethcore/src/account.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/account.rs
@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ impl Account {
 	#[cfg(test)]
 	/// Determine whether there are any un-`commit()`-ed storage-setting operations.
 	pub fn storage_is_clean(&self) -> bool { self.storage_overlay.borrow().iter().find(|&(_, &(f, _))| f == Filth::Dirty).is_none() }
-	
+
 	#[cfg(test)]
 	/// return the storage root associated with this account or None if it has been altered via the overlay.
 	pub fn storage_root(&self) -> Option<&H256> { if self.storage_is_clean() {Some(&self.storage_root)} else {None} }
-	
+
 	/// return the storage overlay.
 	pub fn storage_overlay(&self) -> Ref<HashMap<H256, (Filth, H256)>> { self.storage_overlay.borrow() }

@ -198,7 +198,11 @@ impl Account {
 	pub fn add_balance(&mut self, x: &U256) { self.balance = self.balance + *x; }

 	/// Increment the nonce of the account by one.
-	pub fn sub_balance(&mut self, x: &U256) { self.balance = self.balance - *x; }
+	/// Panics if balance is less than `x`
+	pub fn sub_balance(&mut self, x: &U256) {
+		assert!(self.balance >= *x);
+		self.balance = self.balance - *x;
+	}

 	/// Commit the `storage_overlay` to the backing DB and update `storage_root`.
 	pub fn commit_storage(&mut self, db: &mut AccountDBMut) {
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain.rs
@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ pub trait BlockProvider {
 	/// Get the hash of given block's number.
 	fn block_hash(&self, index: BlockNumber) -> Option<H256>;

+	/// Get the address of transaction with given hash.
+	fn transaction_address(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<TransactionAddress>;
+
 	/// Get the partial-header of a block.
 	fn block_header(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Header> {
 		self.block(hash).map(|bytes| BlockView::new(&bytes).header())
@ -107,6 +110,16 @@ pub trait BlockProvider {
 		self.block(hash).map(|bytes| BlockView::new(&bytes).header_view().number())
 	}

+	/// Get transaction with given transaction hash.
+	fn transaction(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<SignedTransaction> {
+		self.transaction_address(hash).and_then(|address| self.transaction_at(&address))
+	}
+
+	/// Get transaction at given address.
+	fn transaction_at(&self, address: &TransactionAddress) -> Option<SignedTransaction> {
+		self.block(&address.block_hash).map(|bytes| BlockView::new(&bytes).transactions()).and_then(|t| t.into_iter().nth(address.index))
+	}
+
 	/// Get a list of transactions for a given block.
 	/// Returns None if block deos not exist.
 	fn transactions(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Vec<SignedTransaction>> {
@ -201,6 +214,11 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 	fn block_hash(&self, index: BlockNumber) -> Option<H256> {
 		self.query_extras(&index, &self.block_hashes)
 	}
+
+	/// Get the address of transaction with given hash.
+	fn transaction_address(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<TransactionAddress> {
+		self.query_extras(hash, &self.transaction_addresses)
+	}
 }

 const COLLECTION_QUEUE_SIZE: usize = 8;
@ -474,6 +492,14 @@ impl BlockChain {
 		parent_details.children.push(hash.clone());
 		batch.put_extras(&parent_hash, &parent_details);

+		// update transaction addresses
+		for (i, tx_hash) in block.transaction_hashes().iter().enumerate() {
+			batch.put_extras(tx_hash, &TransactionAddress {
+				block_hash: hash.clone(),
+				index: i
+			});
+		}
+
 		// if it's not new best block, just return
 		if !is_new_best {
 			return (batch, None, details);
@ -824,4 +850,21 @@ mod tests {
 		let bc = bc_result.reference();
 		assert_eq!(bc.best_block_number(), 0);
 	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn find_transaction_by_hash() {
+		let genesis = "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".from_hex().unwrap();
+		let b1 = "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".from_hex().unwrap();
+		let b1_hash = H256::from_str("f53f268d23a71e85c7d6d83a9504298712b84c1a2ba220441c86eeda0bf0b6e3").unwrap();
+
+		let temp = RandomTempPath::new();
+		let bc = BlockChain::new(&genesis, temp.as_path());
+		bc.insert_block(&b1);
+	
+		let transactions = bc.transactions(&b1_hash).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(transactions.len(), 7);
+		for t in transactions {
+			assert_eq!(bc.transaction(&t.hash()).unwrap(), t);
+		}
+	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client.rs
@ -86,6 +86,9 @@ pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
 	/// Get block total difficulty.
 	fn block_total_difficulty(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<U256>;

+	/// Get address code.
+	fn code(&self, address: &Address) -> Option<Bytes>;
+
 	/// Get raw block header data by block number.
 	fn block_header_at(&self, n: BlockNumber) -> Option<Bytes>;

@ -163,7 +166,7 @@ pub struct Client {
 }

 const HISTORY: u64 = 1000;
-const CLIENT_DB_VER_STR: &'static str = "1.0";
+const CLIENT_DB_VER_STR: &'static str = "2.0";

 impl Client {
 	/// Create a new client with given spec and DB path.
@ -367,6 +370,10 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		self.chain.read().unwrap().block_details(hash).map(|d| d.total_difficulty)
 	}

+	fn code(&self, address: &Address) -> Option<Bytes> {
+		self.state().code(address)
+	}
+
 	fn block_header_at(&self, n: BlockNumber) -> Option<Bytes> {
 		self.chain.read().unwrap().block_hash(n).and_then(|h| self.block_header(&h))
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/ethereum/ethash.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/ethereum/ethash.rs
@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ use spec::*;
 use engine::*;
 use evm::Schedule;
 use evm::Factory;
-#[cfg(test)]
-use tests::helpers::*;

 /// Engine using Ethash proof-of-work consensus algorithm, suitable for Ethereum
 /// mainnet chains in the Olympic, Frontier and Homestead eras.
@ -49,6 +47,17 @@ impl Ethash {
 		})
 	}

+	#[cfg(test)]
+	fn new_test(spec: Spec) -> Ethash {
+		Ethash {
+			spec: spec,
+			pow: EthashManager::new(),
+			factory: Factory::default(),
+			u64_params: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
+			u256_params: RwLock::new(HashMap::new())
+		}
+	}
+
 	fn u64_param(&self, name: &str) -> u64 {
 		*self.u64_params.write().unwrap().entry(name.to_owned()).or_insert_with(||
 			self.spec().engine_params.get(name).map_or(0u64, |a| decode(&a)))
@ -123,6 +132,11 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {

 	fn verify_block_basic(&self, header: &Header, _block: Option<&[u8]>) -> result::Result<(), Error> {
 		// check the seal fields.
+		if header.seal.len() != self.seal_fields() {
+			return Err(From::from(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(
+				Mismatch { expected: self.seal_fields(), found: header.seal.len() }
+			)));
+		}
 		try!(UntrustedRlp::new(&header.seal[0]).as_val::<H256>());
 		try!(UntrustedRlp::new(&header.seal[1]).as_val::<H64>());

@ -143,6 +157,11 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 	}

 	fn verify_block_unordered(&self, header: &Header, _block: Option<&[u8]>) -> result::Result<(), Error> {
+		if header.seal.len() != self.seal_fields() {
+			return Err(From::from(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(
+				Mismatch { expected: self.seal_fields(), found: header.seal.len() }
+			)));
+		}
 		let result = self.pow.compute_light(header.number as u64, &Ethash::to_ethash(header.bare_hash()), header.nonce().low_u64());
 		let mix = Ethash::from_ethash(result.mix_hash);
 		let difficulty = Ethash::boundary_to_difficulty(&Ethash::from_ethash(result.value));
@ -156,6 +175,11 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 	}

 	fn verify_block_family(&self, header: &Header, parent: &Header, _block: Option<&[u8]>) -> result::Result<(), Error> {
+		// we should not calculate difficulty for genesis blocks
+		if header.number() == 0 {
+			return Err(From::from(BlockError::RidiculousNumber(OutOfBounds { min: Some(1), max: None, found: header.number() })));
+		}
+
 		// Check difficulty is correct given the two timestamps.
 		let expected_difficulty = self.calculate_difficuty(header, parent);
 		if header.difficulty != expected_difficulty {
@ -242,38 +266,236 @@ impl Header {
 	}
 }

-#[test]
-fn on_close_block() {
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	extern crate ethash;
+
+	use common::*;
+	use block::*;
+	use engine::*;
+	use tests::helpers::*;
 	use super::*;
-	let engine = new_morden().to_engine().unwrap();
-	let genesis_header = engine.spec().genesis_header();
-	let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
-	let mut db = db_result.take();
-	engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
-	let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
-	let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, &last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
-	let b = b.close();
-	assert_eq!(b.state().balance(&Address::zero()), U256::from_str("4563918244f40000").unwrap());
+	use super::super::new_morden;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn on_close_block() {
+		let engine = new_morden().to_engine().unwrap();
+		let genesis_header = engine.spec().genesis_header();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db = db_result.take();
+		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
+		let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, &last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
+		let b = b.close();
+		assert_eq!(b.state().balance(&Address::zero()), U256::from_str("4563918244f40000").unwrap());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn on_close_block_with_uncle() {
+		let engine = new_morden().to_engine().unwrap();
+		let genesis_header = engine.spec().genesis_header();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db = db_result.take();
+		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
+		let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
+		let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, &last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
+		let mut uncle = Header::new();
+		let uncle_author = address_from_hex("ef2d6d194084c2de36e0dabfce45d046b37d1106");
+		uncle.author = uncle_author.clone();
+		b.push_uncle(uncle).unwrap();
+
+		let b = b.close();
+		assert_eq!(b.state().balance(&Address::zero()), U256::from_str("478eae0e571ba000").unwrap());
+		assert_eq!(b.state().balance(&uncle_author), U256::from_str("3cb71f51fc558000").unwrap());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn has_valid_metadata() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_boxed(new_morden());
+		assert!(!engine.name().is_empty());
+		assert!(engine.version().major >= 1);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_return_params() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		assert!(engine.u64_param("durationLimit") > 0);
+		assert!(engine.u256_param("minimumDifficulty") > U256::zero());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_return_factory() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		engine.vm_factory();
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_return_schedule() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		let schedule = engine.schedule(&EnvInfo {
+			number: 10000000,
+			author: x!(0),
+			timestamp: 0,
+			difficulty: x!(0),
+			last_hashes: vec![],
+			gas_used: x!(0),
+			gas_limit: x!(0)
+		});
+
+		assert!(schedule.stack_limit > 0);
+
+		let schedule = engine.schedule(&EnvInfo {
+			number: 100,
+			author: x!(0),
+			timestamp: 0,
+			difficulty: x!(0),
+			last_hashes: vec![],
+			gas_used: x!(0),
+			gas_limit: x!(0)
+		});
+
+		assert!(!schedule.have_delegate_call);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_do_seal_verification_fail() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		let header: Header = Header::default();
+
+		let verify_result = engine.verify_block_basic(&header, None);
+
+		match verify_result {
+			Err(Error::Block(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(_))) => {},
+			Err(_) => { panic!("should be block seal-arity mismatch error (got {:?})", verify_result); },
+			_ => { panic!("Should be error, got Ok"); },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_do_difficulty_verification_fail() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		let mut header: Header = Header::default();
+		header.set_seal(vec![rlp::encode(&H256::zero()).to_vec(), rlp::encode(&H64::zero()).to_vec()]);
+
+		let verify_result = engine.verify_block_basic(&header, None);
+
+		match verify_result {
+			Err(Error::Block(BlockError::DifficultyOutOfBounds(_))) => {},
+			Err(_) => { panic!("should be block difficulty error (got {:?})", verify_result); },
+			_ => { panic!("Should be error, got Ok"); },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_do_proof_of_work_verification_fail() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		let mut header: Header = Header::default();
+		header.set_seal(vec![rlp::encode(&H256::zero()).to_vec(), rlp::encode(&H64::zero()).to_vec()]);
+		header.set_difficulty(U256::from_str("ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa").unwrap());
+
+		let verify_result = engine.verify_block_basic(&header, None);
+
+		match verify_result {
+			Err(Error::Block(BlockError::InvalidProofOfWork(_))) => {},
+			Err(_) => { panic!("should be invalid proof of work error (got {:?})", verify_result); },
+			_ => { panic!("Should be error, got Ok"); },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_do_seal_unordered_verification_fail() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		let header: Header = Header::default();
+
+		let verify_result = engine.verify_block_unordered(&header, None);
+
+		match verify_result {
+			Err(Error::Block(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(_))) => {},
+			Err(_) => { panic!("should be block seal-arity mismatch error (got {:?})", verify_result); },
+			_ => { panic!("Should be error, got Ok"); },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_do_seal256_verification_fail() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		let mut header: Header = Header::default();
+		header.set_seal(vec![rlp::encode(&H256::zero()).to_vec(), rlp::encode(&H64::zero()).to_vec()]);
+		let verify_result = engine.verify_block_unordered(&header, None);
+
+		match verify_result {
+			Err(Error::Block(BlockError::MismatchedH256SealElement(_))) => {},
+			Err(_) => { panic!("should be invalid 256-bit seal fail (got {:?})", verify_result); },
+			_ => { panic!("Should be error, got Ok"); },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_do_proof_of_work_unordered_verification_fail() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		let mut header: Header = Header::default();
+		header.set_seal(vec![rlp::encode(&H256::from("b251bd2e0283d0658f2cadfdc8ca619b5de94eca5742725e2e757dd13ed7503d")).to_vec(), rlp::encode(&H64::zero()).to_vec()]);
+		header.set_difficulty(U256::from_str("ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa").unwrap());
+
+		let verify_result = engine.verify_block_unordered(&header, None);
+
+		match verify_result {
+			Err(Error::Block(BlockError::InvalidProofOfWork(_))) => {},
+			Err(_) => { panic!("should be invalid proof-of-work fail (got {:?})", verify_result); },
+			_ => { panic!("Should be error, got Ok"); },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_verify_block_family_genesis_fail() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		let header: Header = Header::default();
+		let parent_header: Header = Header::default();
+
+		let verify_result = engine.verify_block_family(&header, &parent_header, None);
+
+		match verify_result {
+			Err(Error::Block(BlockError::RidiculousNumber(_))) => {},
+			Err(_) => { panic!("should be invalid block number fail (got {:?})", verify_result); },
+			_ => { panic!("Should be error, got Ok"); },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_verify_block_family_difficulty_fail() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		let mut header: Header = Header::default();
+		header.set_number(2);
+		let mut parent_header: Header = Header::default();
+		parent_header.set_number(1);
+
+		let verify_result = engine.verify_block_family(&header, &parent_header, None);
+
+		match verify_result {
+			Err(Error::Block(BlockError::InvalidDifficulty(_))) => {},
+			Err(_) => { panic!("should be invalid difficulty fail (got {:?})", verify_result); },
+			_ => { panic!("Should be error, got Ok"); },
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_verify_block_family_gas_fail() {
+		let engine = Ethash::new_test(new_morden());
+		let mut header: Header = Header::default();
+		header.set_number(2);
+		header.set_difficulty(U256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000").unwrap());
+		let mut parent_header: Header = Header::default();
+		parent_header.set_number(1);
+
+		let verify_result = engine.verify_block_family(&header, &parent_header, None);
+
+		match verify_result {
+			Err(Error::Block(BlockError::InvalidGasLimit(_))) => {},
+			Err(_) => { panic!("should be invalid difficulty fail (got {:?})", verify_result); },
+			_ => { panic!("Should be error, got Ok"); },
+		}
+	}
+
+	// TODO: difficulty test
 }

-#[test]
-fn on_close_block_with_uncle() {
-	use super::*;
-	let engine = new_morden().to_engine().unwrap();
-	let genesis_header = engine.spec().genesis_header();
-	let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
-	let mut db = db_result.take();
-	engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
-	let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
-	let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, &last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
-	let mut uncle = Header::new();
-	let uncle_author = address_from_hex("ef2d6d194084c2de36e0dabfce45d046b37d1106");
-	uncle.author = uncle_author.clone();
-	b.push_uncle(uncle).unwrap();
-	
-	let b = b.close();
-	assert_eq!(b.state().balance(&Address::zero()), U256::from_str("478eae0e571ba000").unwrap());
-	assert_eq!(b.state().balance(&uncle_author), U256::from_str("3cb71f51fc558000").unwrap());
-}
-
-// TODO: difficulty test
--- a/ethcore/src/evm/factory.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/evm/factory.rs
@ -159,11 +159,13 @@ macro_rules! evm_test_ignore(
 		#[test]
 		#[ignore]
 		#[cfg(feature = "jit")]
+		#[cfg(feature = "ignored-tests")]
 		fn $name_jit() {
 			$name_test(Factory::new(VMType::Jit));
 		}
 		#[test]
 		#[ignore]
+		#[cfg(feature = "ignored-tests")]
 		fn $name_int() {
 			$name_test(Factory::new(VMType::Interpreter));
 		}
--- a/ethcore/src/executive.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/executive.rs
@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ pub struct Executed {
 	pub gas: U256,
 	/// Gas used during execution of transaction.
 	pub gas_used: U256,
-	/// Gas refunded after the execution of transaction. 
+	/// Gas refunded after the execution of transaction.
 	/// To get gas that was required up front, add `refunded` and `gas_used`.
 	pub refunded: U256,
 	/// Cumulative gas used in current block so far.
-	/// 
+	///
 	/// `cumulative_gas_used = gas_used(t0) + gas_used(t1) + ... gas_used(tn)`
 	///
 	/// where `tn` is current transaction.
@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ pub struct Executed {
 	pub logs: Vec<LogEntry>,
 	/// Addresses of contracts created during execution of transaction.
 	/// Ordered from earliest creation.
-	/// 
-	/// eg. sender creates contract A and A in constructor creates contract B 
-	/// 
+	///
+	/// eg. sender creates contract A and A in constructor creates contract B
+	///
 	/// B creation ends first, and it will be the first element of the vector.
 	pub contracts_created: Vec<Address>
 }
@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 		if t.nonce != nonce {
 			return Err(From::from(ExecutionError::InvalidNonce { expected: nonce, got: t.nonce }));
 		}
-		
+
 		// validate if transaction fits into given block
 		if self.info.gas_used + t.gas > self.info.gas_limit {
-			return Err(From::from(ExecutionError::BlockGasLimitReached { 
-				gas_limit: self.info.gas_limit, 
-				gas_used: self.info.gas_used, 
-				gas: t.gas 
+			return Err(From::from(ExecutionError::BlockGasLimitReached {
+				gas_limit: self.info.gas_limit,
+				gas_used: self.info.gas_used,
+				gas: t.gas
 			}));
 		}

@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {

 		if self.engine.is_builtin(&params.code_address) {
 			// if destination is builtin, try to execute it
-			
+
 			let default = [];
 			let data = if let Some(ref d) = params.data { d as &[u8] } else { &default as &[u8] };

@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 			}
 		} else if params.code.is_some() {
 			// if destination is a contract, do normal message call
-			
+
 			// part of substate that may be reverted
 			let mut unconfirmed_substate = Substate::new();

@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 			Ok(params.gas)
 		}
 	}
-	
+
 	/// Creates contract with given contract params.
 	/// NOTE. It does not finalize the transaction (doesn't do refunds, nor suicides).
 	/// Modifies the substate.
@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 			self.state.kill_account(address);
 		}

-		match result { 
+		match result {
 			Err(evm::Error::Internal) => Err(ExecutionError::Internal),
 			Err(_) => {
 				Ok(Executed {
@ -345,8 +345,8 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 	fn enact_result(&mut self, result: &evm::Result, substate: &mut Substate, un_substate: Substate) {
 		match *result {
 			Err(evm::Error::OutOfGas)
-				| Err(evm::Error::BadJumpDestination {..}) 
-				| Err(evm::Error::BadInstruction {.. }) 
+				| Err(evm::Error::BadJumpDestination {..})
+				| Err(evm::Error::BadInstruction {.. })
 				| Err(evm::Error::StackUnderflow {..})
 				| Err(evm::Error::OutOfStack {..}) => {
 				self.state.revert_snapshot();
@ -360,45 +360,14 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use common::*;
-	use ethereum;
-	use engine::*;
-	use spec::*;
-	use evm::{Schedule, Factory, VMType};
+	use evm::{Factory, VMType};
 	use substate::*;
 	use tests::helpers::*;

-	struct TestEngine {
-		factory: Factory,
-		spec: Spec,
-		max_depth: usize
-	}
-
-	impl TestEngine {
-		fn new(max_depth: usize, factory: Factory) -> TestEngine {
-			TestEngine {
-				factory: factory,
-				spec: ethereum::new_frontier_test(),
-				max_depth: max_depth 
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	impl Engine for TestEngine {
-		fn name(&self) -> &str { "TestEngine" }
-		fn spec(&self) -> &Spec { &self.spec }
-		fn vm_factory(&self) -> &Factory {
-			&self.factory
-		}
-		fn schedule(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule { 
-			let mut schedule = Schedule::new_frontier();
-			schedule.max_depth = self.max_depth;
-			schedule
-		}
-	}
-
 	#[test]
 	fn test_contract_address() {
 		let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
@ -487,7 +456,7 @@ mod tests {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
 			ex.create(params, &mut substate).unwrap()
 		};
-		
+
 		assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(62_976));
 		// ended with max depth
 		assert_eq!(substate.contracts_created.len(), 0);
@ -541,7 +510,7 @@ mod tests {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
 			ex.create(params, &mut substate).unwrap()
 		};
-		
+
 		assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(62_976));
 		assert_eq!(substate.contracts_created.len(), 0);
 	}
@ -593,12 +562,13 @@ mod tests {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
 			ex.create(params, &mut substate).unwrap();
 		}
-		
+
 		assert_eq!(substate.contracts_created.len(), 1);
 		assert_eq!(substate.contracts_created[0], next_address);
 	}

 	// test is incorrect, mk
+	// TODO: fix (preferred) or remove
 	evm_test_ignore!{test_aba_calls: test_aba_calls_jit, test_aba_calls_int}
 	fn test_aba_calls(factory: Factory) {
 		// 60 00 - push 0
@ -659,11 +629,12 @@ mod tests {
 	}

 	// test is incorrect, mk
+	// TODO: fix (preferred) or remove
 	evm_test_ignore!{test_recursive_bomb1: test_recursive_bomb1_jit, test_recursive_bomb1_int}
 	fn test_recursive_bomb1(factory: Factory) {
 		// 60 01 - push 1
 		// 60 00 - push 0
-		// 54 - sload 
+		// 54 - sload
 		// 01 - add
 		// 60 00 - push 0
 		// 55 - sstore
@ -704,6 +675,7 @@ mod tests {
 	}

 	// test is incorrect, mk
+	// TODO: fix (preferred) or remove
 	evm_test_ignore!{test_transact_simple: test_transact_simple_jit, test_transact_simple_int}
 	fn test_transact_simple(factory: Factory) {
 		let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
@ -762,7 +734,7 @@ mod tests {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
 			ex.transact(&t)
 		};
-		
+
 		match res {
 			Err(Error::Util(UtilError::Crypto(CryptoError::InvalidSignature))) => (),
 			_ => assert!(false, "Expected invalid signature error.")
@ -793,10 +765,10 @@ mod tests {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
 			ex.transact(&t)
 		};
-		
+
 		match res {
-			Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::InvalidNonce { expected, got })) 
-				if expected == U256::zero() && got == U256::one() => (), 
+			Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::InvalidNonce { expected, got }))
+				if expected == U256::zero() && got == U256::one() => (),
 			_ => assert!(false, "Expected invalid nonce error.")
 		}
 	}
@ -828,8 +800,8 @@ mod tests {
 		};

 		match res {
-			Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::BlockGasLimitReached { gas_limit, gas_used, gas })) 
-				if gas_limit == U256::from(100_000) && gas_used == U256::from(20_000) && gas == U256::from(80_001) => (), 
+			Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::BlockGasLimitReached { gas_limit, gas_used, gas }))
+				if gas_limit == U256::from(100_000) && gas_used == U256::from(20_000) && gas == U256::from(80_001) => (),
 			_ => assert!(false, "Expected block gas limit error.")
 		}
 	}
@ -859,10 +831,10 @@ mod tests {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
 			ex.transact(&t)
 		};
-		
+
 		match res {
-			Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::NotEnoughCash { required , got })) 
-				if required == U512::from(100_018) && got == U512::from(100_017) => (), 
+			Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::NotEnoughCash { required , got }))
+				if required == U512::from(100_018) && got == U512::from(100_017) => (),
 			_ => assert!(false, "Expected not enough cash error. {:?}", res)
 		}
 	}
@ -902,5 +874,4 @@ mod tests {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/externalities.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/externalities.rs
@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ pub struct Externalities<'a> {

 impl<'a> Externalities<'a> {
 	/// Basic `Externalities` constructor.
-	pub fn new(state: &'a mut State, 
-			   env_info: &'a EnvInfo, 
-			   engine: &'a Engine, 
+	pub fn new(state: &'a mut State,
+			   env_info: &'a EnvInfo,
+			   engine: &'a Engine,
 			   depth: usize,
 			   origin_info: OriginInfo,
-			   substate: &'a mut Substate, 
+			   substate: &'a mut Substate,
 			   output: OutputPolicy<'a>) -> Self {
 		Externalities {
 			state: state,
@ -106,16 +106,18 @@ impl<'a> Ext for Externalities<'a> {
 	}

 	fn blockhash(&self, number: &U256) -> H256 {
+		// TODO: comment out what this function expects from env_info, since it will produce panics if the latter is inconsistent
 		match *number < U256::from(self.env_info.number) && number.low_u64() >= cmp::max(256, self.env_info.number) - 256 {
 			true => {
 				let index = self.env_info.number - number.low_u64() - 1;
+				assert!(index < self.env_info.last_hashes.len() as u64, format!("Inconsistent env_info, should contain at least {:?} last hashes", index+1));
 				let r = self.env_info.last_hashes[index as usize].clone();
 				trace!("ext: blockhash({}) -> {} self.env_info.number={}\n", number, r, self.env_info.number);
 				r
 			},
 			false => {
 				trace!("ext: blockhash({}) -> null self.env_info.number={}\n", number, self.env_info.number);
-				H256::from(&U256::zero())
+				H256::zero()
 			},
 		}
 	}
@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ impl<'a> Ext for Externalities<'a> {

 		self.state.inc_nonce(&self.origin_info.address);
 		let mut ex = Executive::from_parent(self.state, self.env_info, self.engine, self.depth);
-		
+
 		// TODO: handle internal error separately
 		match ex.create(params, self.substate) {
 			Ok(gas_left) => {
@ -150,18 +152,18 @@ impl<'a> Ext for Externalities<'a> {
 		}
 	}

-	fn call(&mut self, 
-			gas: &U256, 
-			sender_address: &Address, 
-			receive_address: &Address, 
+	fn call(&mut self,
+			gas: &U256,
+			sender_address: &Address,
+			receive_address: &Address,
 			value: Option<U256>,
-			data: &[u8], 
-			code_address: &Address, 
+			data: &[u8],
+			code_address: &Address,
 			output: &mut [u8]) -> MessageCallResult {

 		let mut params = ActionParams {
 			sender: sender_address.clone(),
-			address: receive_address.clone(), 
+			address: receive_address.clone(),
 			value: ActionValue::Apparent(self.origin_info.value.clone()),
 			code_address: code_address.clone(),
 			origin: self.origin_info.origin.clone(),
@ -257,3 +259,144 @@ impl<'a> Ext for Externalities<'a> {
 		self.substate.sstore_clears_count = self.substate.sstore_clears_count + U256::one();
 	}
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use common::*;
+	use state::*;
+	use engine::*;
+	use evm::{Ext};
+	use substate::*;
+	use tests::helpers::*;
+	use super::*;
+
+	fn get_test_origin() -> OriginInfo {
+		OriginInfo {
+			address: Address::zero(),
+			origin: Address::zero(),
+			gas_price: U256::zero(),
+			value: U256::zero()
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn get_test_env_info() -> EnvInfo {
+		EnvInfo {
+			number: 100,
+			author: x!(0),
+			timestamp: 0,
+			difficulty: x!(0),
+			last_hashes: vec![],
+			gas_used: x!(0),
+			gas_limit: x!(0)
+		}
+	}
+
+	struct TestSetup {
+		state: GuardedTempResult<State>,
+		engine: Box<Engine>,
+		sub_state: Substate,
+		env_info: EnvInfo
+	}
+
+	impl TestSetup {
+		fn new() -> TestSetup {
+			TestSetup {
+				state: get_temp_state(),
+				engine: get_test_spec().to_engine().unwrap(),
+				sub_state: Substate::new(),
+				env_info: get_test_env_info()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_be_created() {
+		let mut setup = TestSetup::new();
+		let state = setup.state.reference_mut();
+
+		let ext = Externalities::new(state, &setup.env_info, &*setup.engine, 0, get_test_origin(), &mut setup.sub_state, OutputPolicy::InitContract);
+
+		assert_eq!(ext.env_info().number, 100);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_return_block_hash_no_env() {
+		let mut setup = TestSetup::new();
+		let state = setup.state.reference_mut();
+		let ext = Externalities::new(state, &setup.env_info, &*setup.engine, 0, get_test_origin(), &mut setup.sub_state, OutputPolicy::InitContract);
+
+		let hash = ext.blockhash(&U256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000120000").unwrap());
+
+		assert_eq!(hash, H256::zero());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_return_block_hash() {
+		let test_hash = H256::from("afafafafafafafafafafafbcbcbcbcbcbcbcbcbcbeeeeeeeeeeeeedddddddddd");
+		let test_env_number = 0x120001;
+
+		let mut setup = TestSetup::new();
+		{
+			let env_info = &mut setup.env_info;
+			env_info.number = test_env_number;
+			env_info.last_hashes.push(test_hash.clone());
+		}
+		let state = setup.state.reference_mut();
+		let ext = Externalities::new(state, &setup.env_info, &*setup.engine, 0, get_test_origin(), &mut setup.sub_state, OutputPolicy::InitContract);
+
+		let hash = ext.blockhash(&U256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000120000").unwrap());
+
+		assert_eq!(test_hash, hash);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	#[should_panic]
+	fn can_call_fail_empty() {
+		let mut setup = TestSetup::new();
+		let state = setup.state.reference_mut();
+		let mut ext = Externalities::new(state, &setup.env_info, &*setup.engine, 0, get_test_origin(), &mut setup.sub_state, OutputPolicy::InitContract);
+
+		let mut output = vec![];
+
+		// this should panic because we have no balance on any account
+		ext.call(
+			&U256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000120000").unwrap(),
+			&Address::new(),
+			&Address::new(),
+			Some(U256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000150000").unwrap()),
+			&vec![],
+			&Address::new(),
+			&mut output);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_log() {
+		let log_data = vec![120u8, 110u8];
+		let log_topics = vec![H256::from("af0fa234a6af46afa23faf23bcbc1c1cb4bcb7bcbe7e7e7ee3ee2edddddddddd")];
+
+		let mut setup = TestSetup::new();
+		let state = setup.state.reference_mut();
+
+		{
+			let mut ext = Externalities::new(state, &setup.env_info, &*setup.engine, 0, get_test_origin(), &mut setup.sub_state, OutputPolicy::InitContract);
+			ext.log(log_topics, &log_data);
+		}
+
+		assert_eq!(setup.sub_state.logs.len(), 1);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn can_suicide() {
+		let refund_account = &Address::new();
+
+		let mut setup = TestSetup::new();
+		let state = setup.state.reference_mut();
+
+		{
+			let mut ext = Externalities::new(state, &setup.env_info, &*setup.engine, 0, get_test_origin(), &mut setup.sub_state, OutputPolicy::InitContract);
+			ext.suicide(&refund_account);
+		}
+
+		assert_eq!(setup.sub_state.suicides.len(), 1);
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/extras.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/extras.rs
@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ pub struct TransactionAddress {
 	/// Block hash
 	pub block_hash: H256,
 	/// Transaction index within the block
-	pub index: u64
+	pub index: usize
 }

 impl ExtrasIndexable for TransactionAddress {
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/executive.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/executive.rs
@ -26,29 +26,29 @@ use externalities::*;
 use substate::*;
 use tests::helpers::*;

-struct TestEngine {
+struct TestEngineFrontier {
 	vm_factory: Factory,
 	spec: Spec,
 	max_depth: usize
 }

-impl TestEngine {
-	fn new(max_depth: usize, vm_type: VMType) -> TestEngine {
-		TestEngine {
+impl TestEngineFrontier {
+	fn new(max_depth: usize, vm_type: VMType) -> TestEngineFrontier {
+		TestEngineFrontier {
 			vm_factory: Factory::new(vm_type),
 			spec: ethereum::new_frontier_test(),
-			max_depth: max_depth 
+			max_depth: max_depth
 		}
 	}
 }

-impl Engine for TestEngine {
+impl Engine for TestEngineFrontier {
 	fn name(&self) -> &str { "TestEngine" }
 	fn spec(&self) -> &Spec { &self.spec }
 	fn vm_factory(&self) -> &Factory { &self.vm_factory }
-	fn schedule(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule { 
+	fn schedule(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule {
 		let mut schedule = Schedule::new_frontier();
-		schedule.max_depth = self.max_depth; 
+		schedule.max_depth = self.max_depth;
 		schedule
 	}
 }
@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ struct TestExt<'a> {
 }

 impl<'a> TestExt<'a> {
-	fn new(state: &'a mut State, 
-			   info: &'a EnvInfo, 
-			   engine: &'a Engine, 
+	fn new(state: &'a mut State,
+			   info: &'a EnvInfo,
+			   engine: &'a Engine,
 			   depth: usize,
 			   origin_info: OriginInfo,
-			   substate: &'a mut Substate, 
+			   substate: &'a mut Substate,
 			   output: OutputPolicy<'a>,
 			   address: Address) -> Self {
 		TestExt {
@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ impl<'a> Ext for TestExt<'a> {
 		ContractCreateResult::Created(self.contract_address.clone(), *gas)
 	}

-	fn call(&mut self, 
-			gas: &U256, 
-			_sender_address: &Address, 
-			receive_address: &Address, 
+	fn call(&mut self,
+			gas: &U256,
+			_sender_address: &Address,
+			receive_address: &Address,
 			value: Option<U256>,
-			data: &[u8], 
-			_code_address: &Address, 
+			data: &[u8],
+			_code_address: &Address,
 			_output: &mut [u8]) -> MessageCallResult {
 		self.callcreates.push(CallCreate {
 			data: data.to_vec(),
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ impl<'a> Ext for TestExt<'a> {
 	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Bytes  {
 		self.ext.extcode(address)
 	}
-	
+
 	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: &[u8]) {
 		self.ext.log(topics, data)
 	}
@ -185,11 +185,11 @@ fn do_json_test_for(vm: &VMType, json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 		// ::std::io::stdout().flush();
 		let mut fail = false;
 		//let mut fail_unless = |cond: bool| if !cond && !fail { failed.push(name.to_string()); fail = true };
-		let mut fail_unless = |cond: bool, s: &str | if !cond && !fail { 
-			failed.push(format!("[{}] {}: {}", vm, name, s)); 
-			fail = true 
+		let mut fail_unless = |cond: bool, s: &str | if !cond && !fail {
+			failed.push(format!("[{}] {}: {}", vm, name, s));
+			fail = true
 		};
-	
+
 		// test env
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ fn do_json_test_for(vm: &VMType, json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 			EnvInfo::from_json(env)
 		}).unwrap_or_default();

-		let engine = TestEngine::new(1, vm.clone());
+		let engine = TestEngineFrontier::new(1, vm.clone());

 		// params
 		let mut params = ActionParams::default();
@ -226,18 +226,18 @@ fn do_json_test_for(vm: &VMType, json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {

 		let out_of_gas = test.find("callcreates").map(|_calls| {
 		}).is_none();
-		
+
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
 		let mut output = vec![];

 		// execute
 		let (res, callcreates) = {
-			let mut ex = TestExt::new(&mut state, 
-									  &info, 
-									  &engine, 
-									  0, 
-									  OriginInfo::from(&params), 
-									  &mut substate, 
+			let mut ex = TestExt::new(&mut state,
+									  &info,
+									  &engine,
+									  0,
+									  OriginInfo::from(&params),
+									  &mut substate,
 									  OutputPolicy::Return(BytesRef::Flexible(&mut output)),
 									  params.address.clone());
 			let evm = engine.vm_factory().create();
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/mod.rs
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ mod test_common;
 mod transaction;
 mod executive;
 mod state;
-mod client;
 mod chain;
 mod homestead_state;
 mod homestead_chain;
--- a/ethcore/src/substate.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/substate.rs
@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use common::*;

+	#[test]
+	fn created() {
+		let sub_state = Substate::new();
+		assert_eq!(sub_state.suicides.len(), 0);
+	}
+
 	#[test]
 	fn accrue() {
 		let mut sub_state = Substate::new();
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/client.rs
@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 use client::{BlockChainClient,Client};
-use super::test_common::*;
 use tests::helpers::*;
+use common::*;

 #[test]
 fn created() {
--- a/ethcore/src/tests/helpers.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/tests/helpers.rs
@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

-#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
 use client::{BlockChainClient, Client};
 use std::env;
 use common::*;
@ -24,7 +23,9 @@ use std::fs::{remove_dir_all};
 use blockchain::{BlockChain};
 use state::*;
 use rocksdb::*;
-
+use evm::{Schedule, Factory};
+use engine::*;
+use ethereum;

 #[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
 pub enum ChainEra {
@ -82,6 +83,35 @@ impl<T> GuardedTempResult<T> {
 	}
 }

+pub struct TestEngine {
+	factory: Factory,
+	spec: Spec,
+	max_depth: usize
+}
+
+impl TestEngine {
+	pub fn new(max_depth: usize, factory: Factory) -> TestEngine {
+		TestEngine {
+			factory: factory,
+			spec: ethereum::new_frontier_test(),
+			max_depth: max_depth
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Engine for TestEngine {
+	fn name(&self) -> &str { "TestEngine" }
+	fn spec(&self) -> &Spec { &self.spec }
+	fn vm_factory(&self) -> &Factory {
+		&self.factory
+	}
+	fn schedule(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule {
+		let mut schedule = Schedule::new_frontier();
+		schedule.max_depth = self.max_depth;
+		schedule
+	}
+}
+
 pub fn get_test_spec() -> Spec {
 	Spec::new_test()
 }
@ -134,7 +164,6 @@ pub fn create_test_block_with_data(header: &Header, transactions: &[&SignedTrans
 	rlp.out()
 }

-#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
 pub fn generate_dummy_client(block_number: u32) -> GuardedTempResult<Arc<Client>> {
 	let dir = RandomTempPath::new();

@ -174,7 +203,6 @@ pub fn generate_dummy_client(block_number: u32) -> GuardedTempResult<Arc<Client>
 	}
 }

-#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
 pub fn get_test_client_with_blocks(blocks: Vec<Bytes>) -> GuardedTempResult<Arc<Client>> {
 	let dir = RandomTempPath::new();
 	let client = Client::new(get_test_spec(), dir.as_path(), IoChannel::disconnected()).unwrap();
@ -271,7 +299,6 @@ pub fn get_good_dummy_block() -> Bytes {
 	create_test_block(&block_header)
 }

-#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
 pub fn get_bad_state_dummy_block() -> Bytes {
 	let mut block_header = Header::new();
 	let test_spec = get_test_spec();
--- a/ethcore/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/tests/mod.rs
@ -15,3 +15,4 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 pub mod helpers;
+mod client;
--- a/ethcore/src/transaction.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/transaction.rs
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use util::*;
 use error::*;
 use evm::Schedule;

-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 /// Transaction action type.
 pub enum Action {
 	/// Create creates new contract.
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl Decodable for Action {

 /// A set of information describing an externally-originating message call
 /// or contract creation operation.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Transaction {
 	/// Nonce.
 	pub nonce: U256,
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl Transaction {



-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq)]
 pub struct SignedTransaction {
 	/// Plain Transaction.
 	unsigned: Transaction,
@ -174,6 +174,12 @@ pub struct SignedTransaction {
 	sender: RefCell<Option<Address>>
 }

+impl PartialEq for SignedTransaction {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &SignedTransaction) -> bool {
+		self.unsigned == other.unsigned && self.v == other.v && self.r == other.r && self.s == other.s
+	}
+}
+
 impl Deref for SignedTransaction {
 	type Target = Transaction;

--- a/ethcore/src/verification.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/verification.rs
@ -294,6 +294,10 @@ mod tests {
 			})
 		}

+		fn transaction_address(&self, _hash: &H256) -> Option<TransactionAddress> {
+			unimplemented!()
+		}
+
 		/// Get the hash of given block's number.
 		fn block_hash(&self, index: BlockNumber) -> Option<H256> {
 			self.numbers.get(&index).cloned()
--- a/ethcore/src/views.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/views.rs
@ -155,6 +155,11 @@ impl<'a> BlockView<'a> {
 		self.rlp.val_at(1)
 	}

+	/// Return number of transactions in given block, without deserializing them.
+	pub fn transactions_count(&self) -> usize {
+		self.rlp.at(1).iter().count()
+	}
+
 	/// Return List of transactions in given block.
 	pub fn transaction_views(&self) -> Vec<TransactionView> {
 		self.rlp.at(1).iter().map(TransactionView::new_from_rlp).collect()
@ -170,6 +175,11 @@ impl<'a> BlockView<'a> {
 		self.rlp.val_at(2)
 	}

+	/// Return number of uncles in given block, without deserializing them.
+	pub fn uncles_count(&self) -> usize {
+		self.rlp.at(2).iter().count()
+	}
+
 	/// Return List of transactions in given block.
 	pub fn uncle_views(&self) -> Vec<HeaderView> {
 		self.rlp.at(2).iter().map(HeaderView::new_from_rlp).collect()
--- a/install-parity.sh
+++ b/install-parity.sh
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash

-PARITY_DEB_URL=https://github.com/ethcore/parity/releases/download/beta-0.9/parity_0.9.0-0_amd64.deb
+PARITY_DEB_URL=https://github.com/ethcore/parity/releases/download/beta-0.9/parity_linux_0.9.0-0_amd64.deb


 function run_installer()
@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ function run_installer()
 	dim=`tput dim`
 	reverse=`tput rev`
 	reset=`tput sgr0`
+	n=$'\n'


 	function head() {
@ -94,13 +95,19 @@ function run_installer()
 	####### Setup methods

 	function wait_for_user() {
+		if [[ $( ask_user "$1" ) == false ]]; then
+			abort_install "${red}==>${reset} Process stopped by user. To resume the install run the one-liner command again."
+		fi
+	}
+
+	function ask_user() {
 		while :
 		do
 			read -p "${blue}==>${reset} $1 [Y/n] " imp
 			case $imp in
-				[yY] ) return 0; break ;;
-				'' ) echo; break ;;
-				[nN] ) return 1 ;;
+				[yY] ) echo true; break ;;
+				'' ) echo true; break ;;
+				[nN] ) echo false; break ;;
 				* ) echo "Unrecognized option provided. Please provide either 'Y' or 'N'";
 			esac
 		done
@ -114,11 +121,19 @@ function run_installer()
 			return
 		done
 	}
-	
+
 	function exe() {
 		echo "\$ $@"; "$@"
 	}
-	
+
+	function sudo() {
+		if $isSudo; then
+			`which sudo` "$@"
+		else
+			"$@"
+		fi
+	}
+
 	function detectOS() {
 		if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "linux-gnu" ]]
 		then
@ -130,7 +145,7 @@ function run_installer()
 			get_osx_dependencies
 		else
 			OS_TYPE="win"
-			abortInstall "${red}==>${reset} ${b}OS not supported:${reset} parity one-liner currently support OS X and Linux.\nFor instructions on installing parity on other platforms please visit ${u}${blue}http://ethcore.io/${reset}"
+			abortInstall "${red}==>${reset} ${b}OS not supported:${reset} parity one-liner currently support OS X and Linux.${n}For instructions on installing parity on other platforms please visit ${u}${blue}http://ethcore.io/${reset}"
 		fi

 		echo
@ -184,8 +199,8 @@ function run_installer()
 			fi
 		fi

-		errorMessages+="${red}==>${reset} ${b}Mac OS version too old:${reset} eth requires OS X version ${red}$OSX_REQUIERED_VERSION${reset} at least in order to run.\n"
-		errorMessages+="		Please update the OS and reload the install process.\n"
+		errorMessages+="${red}==>${reset} ${b}Mac OS version too old:${reset} eth requires OS X version ${red}$OSX_REQUIERED_VERSION${reset} at least in order to run.${n}"
+		errorMessages+="		Please update the OS and reload the install process.${n}"
 	}
 	
 	function get_osx_dependencies()
@ -201,16 +216,19 @@ function run_installer()
 		source /etc/lsb-release
 		
 		if [[ $DISTRIB_ID == "Ubuntu" ]]; then
-			if [[ $DISTRIB_RELEASE == "14.04" ]]; then
-				check "Ubuntu-14.04"
-				isUbuntu1404=true
+			if [[ $DISTRIB_RELEASE == "14.04" || $DISTRIB_RELEASE == "15.04" || $DISTRIB_RELEASE == "15.10" ]]; then
+				check "Ubuntu"
+				isUbuntu=true
 			else
-				check "Ubuntu, but not 14.04"
-				isUbuntu1404=false
+				check "Ubuntu, but version not supported"
+
+				errorMessages+="${red}==>${reset} ${b}Ubuntu version not supported:${reset} This script requires Ubuntu version 14.04, 15.04 or 15.10.${n}"
+				errorMessages+="		Please either upgrade your Ubuntu installation or using the get-deps.ethcore.io script instead, which can help you build Parity.${n}"
 			fi
 		else
 			check "Ubuntu not found"
-			isUbuntu1404=false
+			errorMessages+="${red}==>${reset} ${b}Linux distribution not supported:${reset} This script requires Ubuntu version 14.04, 15.04 or 15.10.${n}"
+			errorMessages+="		Please either use this on an Ubuntu installation or instead use the get-deps.ethcore.io script, which can help you build Parity.${n}"
 		fi
 	}

@ -218,15 +236,12 @@ function run_installer()
 	{
 		linux_version

-		find_multirust
 		find_rocksdb

 		find_curl
-		find_git
-		find_make
-		find_gcc

 		find_apt
+		find_sudo
 	}

 	function find_brew()
@ -242,10 +257,10 @@ function run_installer()
 			uncheck "Homebrew is missing"
 			isBrew=false

-			INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==> Homebrew:${reset}\n"
-			INSTALL_FILES+=" ${blue}${dim}➜${reset}	 $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/bin/brew\n"
-			INSTALL_FILES+=" ${blue}${dim}➜${reset}	 $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/Library\n"
-			INSTALL_FILES+=" ${blue}${dim}➜${reset}	 $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/share/man/man1/brew.1\n"
+			INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==> Homebrew:${reset}${n}"
+			INSTALL_FILES+=" ${blue}${dim}➜${reset}	 $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/bin/brew${n}"
+			INSTALL_FILES+=" ${blue}${dim}➜${reset}	 $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/Library${n}"
+			INSTALL_FILES+=" ${blue}${dim}➜${reset}	 $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/share/man/man1/brew.1${n}"
 		fi

 		depCount=$((depCount+1))
@ -267,11 +282,57 @@ function run_installer()
 			uncheck "Ruby is missing 🔥"
 			isRuby=false
 			canContinue=false
-			errorMessages+="${red}==>${reset} ${b}Couldn't find Ruby:${reset} Brew requires Ruby which could not be found.\n"
-			errorMessages+="		Please install Ruby using these instructions ${u}${blue}https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/installation/${reset}.\n"
+			errorMessages+="${red}==>${reset} ${b}Couldn't find Ruby:${reset} Brew requires Ruby which could not be found.${n}"
+			errorMessages+="		Please install Ruby using these instructions ${u}${blue}https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/installation/${reset}.${n}"
 		fi
 	}
 	
+	function find_sudo()
+	{
+		depCount=$((depCount+1))
+		SUDO_PATH=`which sudo 2>/dev/null`
+
+		if [[ -f $SUDO_PATH ]]
+		then
+			depFound=$((depFound+1))
+			check "sudo"
+			isSudo=true
+		else
+			uncheck "sudo is missing"
+			if [[ `whoami` == "root" ]]; then
+				if [[ $isApt == false && $isMultirust == false ]]; then
+					canContinue=false
+					errorMessages+="${red}==>${reset} ${b}Couldn't find sudo:${reset} Sudo is needed for the installation of multirust.${n}"
+					errorMessages+="    Please ensure you have sudo installed or alternatively install multirust manually.${n}"
+				fi
+
+				isSudo=false
+				INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==>${reset}\tsudo${n}"
+			else
+				canContinue=false
+				errorMessages+="${red}==>${reset} ${b}Couldn't find sudo:${reset} Root access is needed for parts of this installation.${n}"
+				errorMessages+="    Please ensure you have sudo installed or alternatively run this script as root.${n}"
+			fi
+		fi
+	}
+
+	function find_curl()
+	{
+		depCount=$((depCount+1))
+		CURL_PATH=`which curl 2>/dev/null`
+
+		if [[ -f $CURL_PATH ]]
+		then
+			depFound=$((depFound+1))
+			check "curl"
+			isCurl=true
+		else
+			uncheck "curl is missing"
+			isCurl=false
+			INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==>${reset}\tcurl${n}"
+		fi
+	}
+
 	function find_rocksdb()
 	{
 		depCount=$((depCount+1))
@ -282,33 +343,7 @@ function run_installer()
 		else
 			uncheck "librocksdb is missing"
 			isRocksDB=false
-			INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==>${reset}\tlibrocksdb\n"
-		fi
-	}
-
-	function find_multirust()
-	{
-		depCount=$((depCount+2))
-		MULTIRUST_PATH=`which multirust 2>/dev/null`
-		if [[ -f $MULTIRUST_PATH ]]; then
-			depFound=$((depFound+1))
-			check "multirust"
-			isMultirust=true
-			if [[ $(multirust show-default 2>/dev/null | grep nightly | wc -l) == 4 ]]; then
-				depFound=$((depFound+1))
-				check "rust nightly"
-				isMultirustNightly=true
-			else
-				uncheck "rust is not nightly"
-				isMultirustNightly=false
-				INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==>${reset}\tmultirust -> rust nightly\n"
-			fi
-		else
-			uncheck "multirust is missing"
-			uncheck "rust nightly is missing"
-			isMultirust=false
-			isMultirustNightly=false
-			INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==>${reset}\tmultirust\n"
+			INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==>${reset}\tlibrocksdb${n}"
 		fi
 	}

@ -327,112 +362,12 @@ function run_installer()
 			uncheck "apt-get is missing"
 			isApt=false

-			if [[ $isGCC == false || $isGit == false || $isMake == false || $isCurl == false ]]; then
-				canContinue=false
-				errorMessages+="${red}==>${reset} ${b}Couldn't find apt-get:${reset} We can only use apt-get in order to grab our dependencies.\n"
-				errorMessages+="		Please switch to a distribution such as Debian or Ubuntu or manually install the missing packages.\n"
-			fi
+			canContinue=false
+			errorMessages+="${red}==>${reset} ${b}Couldn't find apt-get:${reset} We can only use apt-get in order to grab our dependencies.${n}"
+			errorMessages+="		Please switch to a distribution such as Debian or Ubuntu or manually install the missing packages.${n}"
 		fi
 	}

-	function find_gcc()
-	{
-		depCount=$((depCount+1))
-		GCC_PATH=`which g++ 2>/dev/null`
-
-		if [[ -f $GCC_PATH ]]
-		then
-			depFound=$((depFound+1))
-			check "g++"
-			isGCC=true
-		else
-			uncheck "g++ is missing"
-			isGCC=false
-			INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==>${reset}\tg++\n"
-		fi
-	}
-
-	function find_git()
-	{
-		depCount=$((depCount+1))
-		GIT_PATH=`which git 2>/dev/null`
-
-		if [[ -f $GIT_PATH ]]
-		then
-			depFound=$((depFound+1))
-			check "git"
-			isGit=true
-		else
-			uncheck "git is missing"
-			isGit=false
-			INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==>${reset}\tgit\n"
-		fi
-	}
-
-	function find_make()
-	{
-		depCount=$((depCount+1))
-		MAKE_PATH=`which make 2>/dev/null`
-
-		if [[ -f $MAKE_PATH ]]
-		then
-			depFound=$((depFound+1))
-			check "make"
-			isMake=true
-		else
-			uncheck "make is missing"
-			isMake=false
-			INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==>${reset}\tmake\n"
-		fi
-	}
-
-	function find_curl()
-	{
-		depCount=$((depCount+1))
-		CURL_PATH=`which curl 2>/dev/null`
-
-		if [[ -f $CURL_PATH ]]
-		then
-			depFound=$((depFound+1))
-			check "curl"
-			isCurl=true
-		else
-			uncheck "curl is missing"
-			isCurl=false
-			INSTALL_FILES+="${blue}${dim}==>${reset}\tcurl\n"
-		fi
-	}
-
-	function ubuntu1404_rocksdb_installer()
-	{
-		sudo apt-get update -qq
-		sudo apt-get install -qq -y software-properties-common
-		sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:giskou/librocksdb
-		sudo apt-get -f -y install
-		sudo apt-get update -qq
-		sudo apt-get install -qq -y librocksdb
-	}
-
-	function linux_rocksdb_installer()
-	{
-		if [[ $isUbuntu1404 == true ]]; then
-			ubuntu1404_rocksdb_installer
-		else
-			oldpwd=`pwd`
-			cd /tmp
-			exe git clone --branch v4.2 --depth=1 https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb.git
-			cd rocksdb
-			exe make shared_lib
-			sudo cp -a librocksdb.so* /usr/lib
-			sudo ldconfig
-			cd /tmp
-			rm -rf /tmp/rocksdb
-			cd $oldpwd
-		fi
-	}
-
-
-
 	function verify_installation()
 	{
 		ETH_PATH=`which parity 2>/dev/null`
@ -451,14 +386,10 @@ function run_installer()
 		info "Verifying installation"

 		if [[ $OS_TYPE == "linux" ]]; then
-			find_curl
-			find_git
-			find_make
-			find_gcc
 			find_rocksdb
-			find_multirust
+			find_apt

-			if [[ $isCurl == false || $isGit == false || $isMake == false || $isGCC == false || $isRocksDB == false || $isMultirustNightly == false ]]; then
+			if [[ $isRocksDB == false || $isApt == false ]]; then
 				abortInstall
 			fi
 		fi
@ -466,43 +397,29 @@ function run_installer()
 	
 	function linux_deps_installer()
 	{
-		if [[ $isGCC == false || $isGit == false || $isMake == false || $isCurl == false ]]; then
-			info "Installing build dependencies..."
+		if [[ $isRocksDB == false || $isCurl == false ]]; then
+			info "Preparing apt..."
 			sudo apt-get update -qq
-			if [[ $isGit == false ]]; then
-				sudo apt-get install -q -y git
-			fi
-			if [[ $isGCC == false ]]; then
-				sudo apt-get install -q -y g++ gcc
-			fi
-			if [[ $isMake == false ]]; then
-				sudo apt-get install -q -y make
-			fi
-			if [[ $isCurl == false ]]; then
-				sudo apt-get install -q -y curl
-			fi
 			echo
 		fi
-
+		
 		if [[ $isRocksDB == false ]]; then
 			info "Installing rocksdb..."
-			linux_rocksdb_installer
+
+			sudo apt-get install -qq -y software-properties-common
+			sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:ethcore/ethcore
+			sudo apt-get -f -y install
+			sudo apt-get update -qq
+			sudo apt-get install -qq -y librocksdb
+
 			echo
 		fi

-		if [[ $isMultirust == false ]]; then
-			info "Installing multirust..."
-			curl -sf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/brson/multirust/master/blastoff.sh | sudo sh -s -- --yes
+		if [[ $isCurl == false ]]; then
+			info "Installing curl..."
+			sudo apt-get install -q -y curl
 			echo
 		fi
-
-		if [[ $isMultirustNightly == false ]]; then
-			info "Installing rust nightly..."
-			sudo multirust update nightly
-			sudo multirust default nightly
-			echo
-		fi
-
 	}
 	
 	function linux_installer()
@ -513,7 +430,7 @@ function run_installer()
 		info "Installing parity"
 		file=/tmp/parity.deb

-		wget $PARITY_DEB_URL -qO $file
+		curl -L $PARITY_DEB_URL > $file
 		sudo dpkg -i $file
 		rm $file
 	}
@ -644,8 +561,8 @@ EOL
 	{
 		echo
 		successHeading "All done"
-		#		head "Next steps"
-		#		info "Run ${cyan}\`\`${reset} to get started.${reset}"
+		head "Next steps"
+		info "Run ${cyan}\`parity -j\`${reset} to start the Parity Ethereum client.${reset}"
 		echo
 		exit 0
 	}
@ -661,11 +578,9 @@ EOL
 	fi

 	#DEBUG
-
 	
 	head "${b}OK,${reset} let's install Parity now!"
-	if wait_for_user "${b}Last chance!${reset} Sure you want to install this software?"
-	then
+	if [[ $(ask_user "${b}Last chance!${reset} Sure you want to install this software?") == true ]]; then
 		install	
 		echo
 		echo
@ -673,19 +588,12 @@ EOL
 		finish
 	fi

-	
-
-	if [[ $OS_TYPE == "linux" ]]
-	then
-		echo "Netstats:"
-		head "Would you like to install and configure a netstats client?"
-		if wait_for_user "${b}OK,${reset} let's go!"
-		then
+	if [[ $OS_TYPE == "linux" && $DISTRIB_ID == "Ubuntu" ]]; then
+		if [[ $(ask_user "${b}Netstats${reset} Would you like to download, install and configure a Netstats client?${n}${b}${red}WARNING: ${reset}${red}This will need a secret and reconfigure any existing node/NPM installation you have.${reset} ") == true ]]; then
 			install_netstats
 		fi
 	fi

-
 	# Display goodbye message
 	finish
 }
--- a/parity/main.rs
+++ b/parity/main.rs
@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ extern crate log as rlog;
 extern crate env_logger;
 extern crate ctrlc;
 extern crate fdlimit;
+extern crate target_info;

 #[cfg(feature = "rpc")]
 extern crate ethcore_rpc as rpc;
@ -40,24 +41,26 @@ use env_logger::LogBuilder;
 use ctrlc::CtrlC;
 use util::*;
 use util::panics::MayPanic;
+use ethcore::spec::*;
 use ethcore::client::*;
 use ethcore::service::{ClientService, NetSyncMessage};
 use ethcore::ethereum;
 use ethcore::spec;
 use ethcore::blockchain::CacheSize;
 use ethsync::EthSync;
+use target_info::Target;

 docopt!(Args derive Debug, "
 Parity. Ethereum Client.
+  By Wood/Paronyan/Kotewicz/Drwięga/Volf.
+  Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Limited

 Usage:
-  parity [options]
-  parity [options] <enode>...
+  parity [options] [ <enode>... ]

 Options:
-  -l --logging LOGGING     Specify the logging level.
-  -j --jsonrpc             Enable the JSON-RPC API sever.
-  --jsonrpc-url URL        Specify URL for JSON-RPC API server [default: 127.0.0.1:8545].
+  --chain CHAIN            Specify the blockchain type. CHAIN may be either a JSON chain specification file
+                           or frontier, mainnet, morden, or testnet [default: frontier].

  --listen-address URL     Specify the IP/port on which to listen for peers [default: 0.0.0.0:30304].
  --public-address URL     Specify the IP/port on which peers may connect [default: 0.0.0.0:30304].
@ -66,6 +69,11 @@ Options:
  --cache-pref-size BYTES  Specify the prefered size of the blockchain cache in bytes [default: 16384].
  --cache-max-size BYTES   Specify the maximum size of the blockchain cache in bytes [default: 262144].

+  -j --jsonrpc             Enable the JSON-RPC API sever.
+  --jsonrpc-url URL        Specify URL for JSON-RPC API server [default: 127.0.0.1:8545].
+
+  -l --logging LOGGING     Specify the logging level.
+  -v --version             Show information about version.
  -h --help                Show this screen.
 ", flag_cache_pref_size: usize, flag_cache_max_size: usize, flag_address: Option<String>);

@ -109,7 +117,28 @@ impl Configuration {
 		}
 	}

-	fn get_init_nodes(&self, spec: &spec::Spec) -> Vec<String> {
+	fn print_version() {
+		println!("\
+Parity version {} ({}-{}-{})
+Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Limited
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+
+By Wood/Paronyan/Kotewicz/Drwięga/Volf.\
+", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"), Target::arch(), Target::env(), Target::os());
+	}
+
+	fn get_spec() -> Spec {
+		match args.flag_chain.as_ref() {
+			"frontier" | "mainnet" => ethereum::new_frontier(),
+			"morden" | "testnet" => ethereum::new_morden(),
+			"olympic" => ethereum::new_olympic(),
+			f => Spec::from_json_utf8(contents(f).expect("Couldn't read chain specification file. Sure it exists?").as_ref()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn get_init_nodes(&self, spec: &Spec) -> Vec<String> {
 		match self.args.arg_enode.len() {
 			0 => spec.nodes().clone(),
 			_ => self.args.arg_enode.clone(),
@ -149,7 +178,12 @@ fn wait_for_exit(client: Arc<Client>) {

 fn main() {
 	let conf = Configuration::parse();
-	let spec = ethereum::new_frontier();
+	if conf.args.flag_version {
+		conf.print_version();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	let spec = conf.get_spec();

 	// Setup logging
 	setup_log(&conf.args.flag_logging);
--- a/rpc/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rpc/Cargo.toml
@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ ethcore = { path = "../ethcore" }
 ethsync = { path = "../sync" }
 clippy = "0.0.37"
 target_info = "0.1.0"
-
+rustc-serialize = "0.3"
--- a/rpc/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/lib.rs
@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #![plugin(serde_macros)]
 #![plugin(clippy)]

+extern crate rustc_serialize;
 extern crate target_info;
 extern crate serde;
 extern crate serde_json;
--- a/rpc/src/v1/impls/eth.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/impls/eth.rs
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use util::sha3::*;
 use ethcore::client::*;
 use ethcore::views::*;
 use v1::traits::{Eth, EthFilter};
-use v1::types::Block;
+use v1::types::{Block, BlockTransactions, BlockNumber, Bytes, SyncStatus};

 /// Eth rpc implementation.
 pub struct EthClient {
@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ impl EthClient {
 }

 impl Eth for EthClient {
+	// TODO: do not hardcode protocol version
 	fn protocol_version(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 		match params {
 			Params::None => Ok(Value::U64(63)),
@ -47,6 +48,15 @@ impl Eth for EthClient {
 		}
 	}

+	// TODO: do no hardcode default sync status
+	fn syncing(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+		match params {
+			Params::None => to_value(&SyncStatus::default()),
+			_ => Err(Error::invalid_params())
+		}
+	}
+
+	// TODO: do not hardcode author.
 	fn author(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 		match params {
 			Params::None => to_value(&Address::new()),
@ -54,6 +64,23 @@ impl Eth for EthClient {
 		}
 	}

+	// TODO: return real value of mining once it's implemented.
+	fn is_mining(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+		match params {
+			Params::None => Ok(Value::Bool(false)),
+			_ => Err(Error::invalid_params())
+		}
+	}
+
+	// TODO: return real hashrate once we have mining
+	fn hashrate(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+		match params {
+			Params::None => Ok(Value::U64(0)),
+			_ => Err(Error::invalid_params())
+		}
+	}
+
+	// TODO: do not hardode gas_price
 	fn gas_price(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 		match params {
 			Params::None => Ok(Value::U64(0)),
@ -68,27 +95,37 @@ impl Eth for EthClient {
 		}
 	}

-	fn is_mining(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-		match params {
-			Params::None => Ok(Value::Bool(false)),
-			_ => Err(Error::invalid_params())
+	fn block_transaction_count(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+		match from_params::<H256>(params) {
+			Ok(hash) => match self.client.block(&hash) {
+				Some(bytes) => to_value(&BlockView::new(&bytes).transactions_count()),
+				None => Ok(Value::Null)
+			},
+			Err(err) => Err(err)
 		}
 	}

-	fn hashrate(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-		match params {
-			Params::None => Ok(Value::U64(0)),
-			_ => Err(Error::invalid_params())
+	fn block_uncles_count(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+		match from_params::<H256>(params) {
+			Ok(hash) => match self.client.block(&hash) {
+				Some(bytes) => to_value(&BlockView::new(&bytes).uncles_count()),
+				None => Ok(Value::Null)
+			},
+			Err(err) => Err(err)
 		}
 	}

-	fn block_transaction_count(&self, _: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-		Ok(Value::U64(0))
+	// TODO: do not ignore block number param
+	fn code_at(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+		match from_params::<(Address, BlockNumber)>(params) {
+			Ok((address, _block_number)) => to_value(&self.client.code(&address).map_or_else(Bytes::default, Bytes::new)),
+			Err(err) => Err(err)
+		}
 	}

 	fn block(&self, params: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 		match from_params::<(H256, bool)>(params) {
-			Ok((hash, _include_txs)) => match (self.client.block_header(&hash), self.client.block_total_difficulty(&hash)) {
+			Ok((hash, include_txs)) => match (self.client.block_header(&hash), self.client.block_total_difficulty(&hash)) {
 				(Some(bytes), Some(total_difficulty)) => {
 					let view = HeaderView::new(&bytes);
 					let block = Block {
@ -108,7 +145,14 @@ impl Eth for EthClient {
 						difficulty: view.difficulty(),
 						total_difficulty: total_difficulty,
 						uncles: vec![],
-						transactions: vec![]
+						transactions: {
+							if include_txs {
+								BlockTransactions::Hashes(vec![])
+							} else {
+								BlockTransactions::Full(vec![])
+							}
+						},
+						extra_data: Bytes::default()
 					};
 					to_value(&block)
 				},
--- a/rpc/src/v1/mod.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/mod.rs
@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 pub mod traits;
 mod impls;
 mod types;
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;

 pub use self::traits::{Web3, Eth, EthFilter, Net};
 pub use self::impls::*;
--- a/rpc/src/v1/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/tests/mod.rs
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+//TODO: load custom blockchain state and test
--- a/rpc/src/v1/traits/eth.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/traits/eth.rs
@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ pub trait Eth: Sized + Send + Sync + 'static {
 	/// Returns protocol version.
 	fn protocol_version(&self, _: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> { rpc_unimplemented!() }

+	/// Returns an object with data about the sync status or false. (wtf?)
+	fn syncing(&self, _: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> { rpc_unimplemented!() }
+
 	/// Returns the number of hashes per second that the node is mining with.
 	fn hashrate(&self, _: Params) -> Result<Value, Error> { rpc_unimplemented!() }

@ -108,6 +111,7 @@ pub trait Eth: Sized + Send + Sync + 'static {
 	fn to_delegate(self) -> IoDelegate<Self> {
 		let mut delegate = IoDelegate::new(Arc::new(self));
 		delegate.add_method("eth_protocolVersion", Eth::protocol_version);
+		delegate.add_method("eth_syncing", Eth::syncing);
 		delegate.add_method("eth_hashrate", Eth::hashrate);
 		delegate.add_method("eth_coinbase", Eth::author);
 		delegate.add_method("eth_mining", Eth::is_mining);
--- a/rpc/src/v1/types/block.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/types/block.rs
@ -14,10 +14,28 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

+use serde::{Serialize, Serializer};
 use util::hash::*;
 use util::uint::*;
+use v1::types::{Bytes, Transaction};

-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum BlockTransactions {
+	Hashes(Vec<H256>),
+	Full(Vec<Transaction>)
+}
+
+impl Serialize for BlockTransactions {
+	fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error>
+	where S: Serializer {
+		match *self {
+			BlockTransactions::Hashes(ref hashes) => hashes.serialize(serializer),
+			BlockTransactions::Full(ref ts) => ts.serialize(serializer)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
 pub struct Block {
 	pub hash: H256,
 	#[serde(rename="parentHash")]
@ -38,9 +56,8 @@ pub struct Block {
 	pub gas_used: U256,
 	#[serde(rename="gasLimit")]
 	pub gas_limit: U256,
-	// TODO: figure out how to properly serialize bytes
-	//#[serde(rename="extraData")]
-	//extra_data: Vec<u8>,
+	#[serde(rename="extraData")]
+	pub extra_data: Bytes,
 	#[serde(rename="logsBloom")]
 	pub logs_bloom: H2048,
 	pub timestamp: U256,
@ -48,5 +65,52 @@ pub struct Block {
 	#[serde(rename="totalDifficulty")]
 	pub total_difficulty: U256,
 	pub uncles: Vec<U256>,
-	pub transactions: Vec<U256>
+	pub transactions: BlockTransactions
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use serde_json;
+	use util::hash::*;
+	use util::uint::*;
+	use v1::types::{Transaction, Bytes};
+	use super::*;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_serialize_block_transactions() {
+		let t = BlockTransactions::Full(vec![Transaction::default()]);
+		let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&t).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(serialized, r#"[{"hash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","nonce":"0x00","blockHash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","blockNumber":"0x00","transactionIndex":"0x00","from":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000","to":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000","value":"0x00","gasPrice":"0x00","gas":"0x00","input":"0x00"}]"#);
+
+		let t = BlockTransactions::Hashes(vec![H256::default()]);
+		let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&t).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(serialized, r#"["0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"]"#);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_serialize_block() {
+		let block = Block {
+			hash: H256::default(),
+			parent_hash: H256::default(),
+			uncles_hash: H256::default(),
+			author: Address::default(),
+			miner: Address::default(),
+			state_root: H256::default(),
+			transactions_root: H256::default(),
+			receipts_root: H256::default(),
+			number: U256::default(),
+			gas_used: U256::default(),
+			gas_limit: U256::default(),
+			extra_data: Bytes::default(),
+			logs_bloom: H2048::default(),
+			timestamp: U256::default(),
+			difficulty: U256::default(),
+			total_difficulty: U256::default(),
+			uncles: vec![],
+			transactions: BlockTransactions::Hashes(vec![])
+		};
+
+		let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&block).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(serialized, r#"{"hash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","parentHash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","sha3Uncles":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","author":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000","miner":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000","stateRoot":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","transactionsRoot":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","receiptsRoot":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","number":"0x00","gasUsed":"0x00","gasLimit":"0x00","extraData":"0x00","logsBloom":"0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","timestamp":"0x00","difficulty":"0x00","totalDifficulty":"0x00","uncles":[],"transactions":[]}"#);
+	}
 }
--- a/rpc/src/v1/types/block_number.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/types/block_number.rs
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Error};
+use serde::de::Visitor;
+
+/// Represents rpc api block number param.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum BlockNumber {
+	Num(u64),
+	Latest,
+	Earliest,
+	Pending
+}
+
+impl Deserialize for BlockNumber {
+	fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: &mut D) -> Result<BlockNumber, D::Error>
+	where D: Deserializer {
+		deserializer.visit(BlockNumberVisitor)
+	}
+}
+
+struct BlockNumberVisitor;
+
+impl Visitor for BlockNumberVisitor {
+	type Value = BlockNumber;
+
+	fn visit_str<E>(&mut self, value: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E> where E: Error {
+		match value {
+			"latest" => Ok(BlockNumber::Latest),
+			"earliest" => Ok(BlockNumber::Earliest),
+			"pending" => Ok(BlockNumber::Pending),
+			_ if value.starts_with("0x") => u64::from_str_radix(&value[2..], 16).map(BlockNumber::Num).map_err(|_| Error::syntax("invalid block number")),
+			_ => value.parse::<u64>().map(BlockNumber::Num).map_err(|_| Error::syntax("invalid block number"))
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn visit_string<E>(&mut self, value: String) -> Result<Self::Value, E> where E: Error {
+		self.visit_str(value.as_ref())
+	}
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use super::*;
+	use serde_json;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn block_number_deserialization() {
+		let s = r#"["0xa", "10", "latest", "earliest", "pending"]"#;
+		let deserialized: Vec<BlockNumber> = serde_json::from_str(s).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(deserialized, vec![BlockNumber::Num(10), BlockNumber::Num(10), BlockNumber::Latest, BlockNumber::Earliest, BlockNumber::Pending])
+	}
+}
+
--- a/rpc/src/v1/types/bytes.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/types/bytes.rs
@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use rustc_serialize::hex::ToHex;
+use serde::{Serialize, Serializer};
+
+/// Wrapper structure around vector of bytes.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Bytes(Vec<u8>);
+
+impl Bytes {
+	/// Simple constructor.
+	pub fn new(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Bytes {
+		Bytes(bytes)
+	}
+}
+
+impl Default for Bytes {
+	fn default() -> Self {
+		// default serialized value is 0x00
+		Bytes(vec![0])
+	}
+}
+
+impl Serialize for Bytes {
+	fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error> 
+	where S: Serializer {
+		let mut serialized = "0x".to_owned();
+		serialized.push_str(self.0.to_hex().as_ref());
+		serializer.visit_str(serialized.as_ref())
+	}
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use super::*;
+	use serde_json;
+	use rustc_serialize::hex::FromHex;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_bytes_serialize() {
+		let bytes = Bytes("0123456789abcdef".from_hex().unwrap());
+		let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&bytes).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(serialized, r#""0x0123456789abcdef""#);
+	}
+}
+
+
--- a/rpc/src/v1/types/mod.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/types/mod.rs
@ -15,5 +15,13 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 mod block;
+mod block_number;
+mod bytes;
+mod sync;
+mod transaction;

-pub use self::block::Block;
+pub use self::block::{Block, BlockTransactions};
+pub use self::block_number::BlockNumber;
+pub use self::bytes::Bytes;
+pub use self::sync::SyncStatus;
+pub use self::transaction::Transaction;
--- a/rpc/src/v1/types/sync.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/types/sync.rs
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use util::hash::*;
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct SyncStatus {
+	#[serde(rename="startingBlock")]
+	pub starting_block: H256,
+	#[serde(rename="currentBlock")]
+	pub current_block: H256,
+	#[serde(rename="highestBlock")]
+	pub highest_block: H256,
+}
--- a/rpc/src/v1/types/transaction.rs
+++ b/rpc/src/v1/types/transaction.rs
@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use util::hash::*;
+use util::uint::*;
+use v1::types::Bytes;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize)]
+pub struct Transaction {
+	hash: H256,
+	nonce: U256,
+	#[serde(rename="blockHash")]
+	block_hash: H256,
+	#[serde(rename="blockNumber")]
+	block_number: U256,
+	#[serde(rename="transactionIndex")]
+	transaction_index: U256,
+	from: Address,
+	to: Address,
+	value: U256,
+	#[serde(rename="gasPrice")]
+	gas_price: U256,
+	gas: U256,
+	input: Bytes
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use super::*;
+	use serde_json;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_transaction_serialize() {
+		let t = Transaction::default();
+		let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&t).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(serialized, r#"{"hash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","nonce":"0x00","blockHash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","blockNumber":"0x00","transactionIndex":"0x00","from":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000","to":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000","value":"0x00","gasPrice":"0x00","gas":"0x00","input":"0x00"}"#);
+	}
+}
+
--- a/sync/src/tests/helpers.rs
+++ b/sync/src/tests/helpers.rs
@ -82,6 +82,10 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 		Some(U256::zero())
 	}

+	fn code(&self, _address: &Address) -> Option<Bytes> {
+		unimplemented!();
+	}
+
 	fn block_header(&self, h: &H256) -> Option<Bytes> {
 		self.blocks.read().unwrap().get(h).map(|r| Rlp::new(r).at(0).as_raw().to_vec())
 	}
--- a/util/src/misc.rs
+++ b/util/src/misc.rs
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@

 //! Diff misc.

+use std::fs::File;
 use common::*;

 #[derive(Debug,Clone,PartialEq,Eq)]
@ -53,3 +54,11 @@ pub enum Filth {
 	/// Data has been changed.
 	Dirty,
 }
+
+/// Read the whole contents of a file `name`.
+pub fn contents(name: &str) -> Result<Bytes, UtilError> {
+	let mut file = try!(File::open(name));
+	let mut ret: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+	try!(file.read_to_end(&mut ret));
+	Ok(ret)
+}
--- a/util/src/uint.rs
+++ b/util/src/uint.rs
@ -458,7 +458,8 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
 				let mut hex = "0x".to_owned();
 				let mut bytes = [0u8; 8 * $n_words];
 				self.to_bytes(&mut bytes);
-				hex.push_str(bytes.to_hex().as_ref());
+				let len = cmp::max((self.bits() + 7) / 8, 1);
+				hex.push_str(bytes[bytes.len() - len..].to_hex().as_ref());
 				serializer.visit_str(hex.as_ref())
 			}
 		}
				`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`//TODO: load custom blockchain state and test`