Merge branch 'master' into block-propagation

.travis.yml

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ env:
   global:
   - secure: 3sUjNi9mhdL5h1GTm8LONnDN/SYvUHT+WSkMl93h3nYiLCQXk8eZaPS98AS7oOaTsfW4UvnwckVFCFl49ttInsv4cd/TkAxmrJHe6kPyS9/4NWUdmP8BjicbBvL/ioSdXMECMEYzPDLV+I3KhtC2LcB6ceDEl/XwMOJlzbGf7RbtcXGVQgMLqSYY1YKjQA4vbT5nFgIS/sZu3Z9yFgN0GafnihKcizqoHhdJjs/zxmX+qJepnC6o3V6KcFnS7QHhM1JOr85twE6S422UlvNaEb5ovwLPqmOl5+fA+6shbx4AxFTY6E9Iors+OVY/JliFhrqOdCt0i2P1FUHN4kbGZQkf0rphN/ZOI2uKNFTOyXiPvppfo/ZemKmcqkwkqP9+lf5QqYmtE6hsAYagxn49xJZILl8tAYbdqxF5gxa+TEVrfsBFtz/Sv3q8QhKQNPAmjEcKyMatyEreLUIFEpFTGIco8jN4eXeSoLRdJ+Z75ihttfQWhNfUDgNL30iQLy0AgFSsh/cyb5M8y9lxrGDzDTogvaiKGwr/V45sPkcXWCkmOgMdINqBB6ZtdL3bGHdyjmYj+y3btjf3aP11k++BL0fXIaKn25aS/p/9iyGb1FyGCM03o4ZRQ3YhTOvfMRfRGf6nWbaMx9upv8o5ShSdysewhrnh3082r7u896ny1Ho=
   - secure: 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
+  - secure: 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
 
 deploy:
   provider: releases
@@ -64,3 +65,11 @@ deploy:
   file: parity${ARCHIVE_SUFFIX}.tar.gz
   on:
     tags: true
+
+notifications:
+ webhooks:
+   urls:
+     - https://hooks.slack.com/services/${SLACK_WEBHOOK}
+   on_success: always
+   on_failure: always
+   on_start: never

Cargo.toml

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ ethcore-util = { path = "util" }
 ethcore = { path = "ethcore" }
 ethsync = { path = "sync" }
 ethcore-rpc = { path = "rpc", optional = true }
+fdlimit = { path = "util/fdlimit" }
 
 [features]
 default = ["rpc"]

README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 # ethcore
 
-[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url] [![Coverage Status][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url] [![Coverage Status][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url] [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/trogdoro/xiki][gitter-image]][gitter-url]
 
 [travis-image]: https://travis-ci.com/ethcore/parity.svg?token=DMFvZu71iaTbUYx9UypX&branch=master
 [travis-url]: https://travis-ci.com/ethcore/parity
 [coveralls-image]: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/ethcore/parity/badge.svg?branch=master&t=Fk0OuQ
 [coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/ethcore/parity?branch=master
+[gitter-image]: https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg
+[gitter-url]: https://gitter.im/ethcore/parity?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge
 
 ### Building from source
 

add_license.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+for f in $(find . -name '*.rs'); do
+ 	cat license_header $f > $f.new
+	mv $f.new $f
+done

ethash/src/compute.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethash implementation
 //! See https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethash
 

ethash/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethash implementation
 //! See https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethash
 extern crate sha3;

ethash/src/sizes.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 // 2048 Epochs (~20 years) worth of tabulated DAG sizes
 
 // Generated with the following Mathematica Code:

ethcore/res/ethereum/tests

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit c670b1d8c9f09593a6758ab2c099360e16c7c25b
+Subproject commit 3116f85a499ceaf4dfdc46726060fc056e2d7829

ethcore/src/account.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Single account in the system.
 
 use util::*;
 use pod_account::*;
+use account_db::*;
 
 /// Single account in the system.
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -99,7 +116,7 @@ impl Account {
 	}
 
 	/// Get (and cache) the contents of the trie's storage at `key`.
-	pub fn storage_at(&self, db: &HashDB, key: &H256) -> H256 {
+	pub fn storage_at(&self, db: &AccountDB, key: &H256) -> H256 {
 		self.storage_overlay.borrow_mut().entry(key.clone()).or_insert_with(||{
 			(Filth::Clean, H256::from(SecTrieDB::new(db, &self.storage_root).get(key.bytes()).map_or(U256::zero(), |v| -> U256 {decode(v)})))
 		}).1.clone()
@@ -147,7 +164,7 @@ impl Account {
 	}
 
 	/// Provide a database to lookup `code_hash`. Should not be called if it is a contract without code.
-	pub fn cache_code(&mut self, db: &HashDB) -> bool {
+	pub fn cache_code(&mut self, db: &AccountDB) -> bool {
 		// TODO: fill out self.code_cache;
 		trace!("Account::cache_code: ic={}; self.code_hash={:?}, self.code_cache={}", self.is_cached(), self.code_hash, self.code_cache.pretty());
 		self.is_cached() ||
@@ -184,7 +201,7 @@ impl Account {
 	pub fn sub_balance(&mut self, x: &U256) { self.balance = self.balance - *x; }
 
 	/// Commit the `storage_overlay` to the backing DB and update `storage_root`.
-	pub fn commit_storage(&mut self, db: &mut HashDB) {
+	pub fn commit_storage(&mut self, db: &mut AccountDBMut) {
 		let mut t = SecTrieDBMut::from_existing(db, &mut self.storage_root);
 		for (k, &mut (ref mut f, ref mut v)) in self.storage_overlay.borrow_mut().iter_mut() {
 			if f == &Filth::Dirty {
@@ -200,7 +217,7 @@ impl Account {
 	}
 
 	/// Commit any unsaved code. `code_hash` will always return the hash of the `code_cache` after this.
-	pub fn commit_code(&mut self, db: &mut HashDB) {
+	pub fn commit_code(&mut self, db: &mut AccountDBMut) {
 		trace!("Commiting code of {:?} - {:?}, {:?}", self, self.code_hash.is_none(), self.code_cache.is_empty());
 		match (self.code_hash.is_none(), self.code_cache.is_empty()) {
 			(true, true) => self.code_hash = Some(SHA3_EMPTY),
@@ -233,10 +250,12 @@ mod tests {
 
 	use util::*;
 	use super::*;
+	use account_db::*;
 
 	#[test]
 	fn storage_at() {
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
+		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
 		let rlp = {
 			let mut a = Account::new_contract(U256::from(69u8));
 			a.set_storage(H256::from(&U256::from(0x00u64)), H256::from(&U256::from(0x1234u64)));
@@ -248,13 +267,14 @@ mod tests {
 
 		let a = Account::from_rlp(&rlp);
 		assert_eq!(a.storage_root().unwrap().hex(), "c57e1afb758b07f8d2c8f13a3b6e44fa5ff94ab266facc5a4fd3f062426e50b2");
-		assert_eq!(a.storage_at(&db, &H256::from(&U256::from(0x00u64))), H256::from(&U256::from(0x1234u64)));
+		assert_eq!(a.storage_at(&db.immutable(), &H256::from(&U256::from(0x00u64))), H256::from(&U256::from(0x1234u64)));
-		assert_eq!(a.storage_at(&db, &H256::from(&U256::from(0x01u64))), H256::new());
+		assert_eq!(a.storage_at(&db.immutable(), &H256::from(&U256::from(0x01u64))), H256::new());
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn note_code() {
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
+		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
 
 		let rlp = {
 			let mut a = Account::new_contract(U256::from(69u8));
@@ -264,7 +284,7 @@ mod tests {
 		};
 
 		let mut a = Account::from_rlp(&rlp);
-		assert!(a.cache_code(&db));
+		assert!(a.cache_code(&db.immutable()));
 
 		let mut a = Account::from_rlp(&rlp);
 		assert_eq!(a.note_code(vec![0x55, 0x44, 0xffu8]), Ok(()));
@@ -274,6 +294,7 @@ mod tests {
 	fn commit_storage() {
 		let mut a = Account::new_contract(U256::from(69u8));
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
+		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
 		a.set_storage(x!(0), x!(0x1234));
 		assert_eq!(a.storage_root(), None);
 		a.commit_storage(&mut db);
@@ -284,6 +305,7 @@ mod tests {
 	fn commit_remove_commit_storage() {
 		let mut a = Account::new_contract(U256::from(69u8));
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
+		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
 		a.set_storage(x!(0), x!(0x1234));
 		a.commit_storage(&mut db);
 		a.set_storage(x!(1), x!(0x1234));
@@ -297,6 +319,7 @@ mod tests {
 	fn commit_code() {
 		let mut a = Account::new_contract(U256::from(69u8));
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
+		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
 		a.init_code(vec![0x55, 0x44, 0xffu8]);
 		assert_eq!(a.code_hash(), SHA3_EMPTY);
 		a.commit_code(&mut db);

ethcore/src/account_db.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+//! DB backend wrapper for Account trie
+use util::*;
+
+static NULL_RLP_STATIC: [u8; 1] = [0x80; 1];
+
+// TODO: introduce HashDBMut?
+/// DB backend wrapper for Account trie
+/// Transforms trie node keys for the database
+pub struct AccountDB<'db> {
+	db: &'db HashDB,
+	address: H256,
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn combine_key<'a>(address: &'a H256, key: &'a H256) -> H256 {
+	let mut addr_hash = address.sha3();
+	// preserve 96 bits of original key for db lookup
+	addr_hash[0..12].clone_from_slice(&[0u8; 12]); 
+	&addr_hash ^ key
+}
+
+impl<'db> AccountDB<'db> {
+	pub fn new(db: &'db HashDB, address: &Address) -> AccountDB<'db> {
+		AccountDB {
+			db: db,
+			address: x!(address.clone()),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'db> HashDB for AccountDB<'db>{
+	fn keys(&self) -> HashMap<H256, i32> {
+		unimplemented!()
+	}
+
+	fn lookup(&self, key: &H256) -> Option<&[u8]> {
+		if key == &SHA3_NULL_RLP {
+			return Some(&NULL_RLP_STATIC);
+		}
+		self.db.lookup(&combine_key(&self.address, key))
+	}
+
+	fn exists(&self, key: &H256) -> bool {
+		if key == &SHA3_NULL_RLP {
+			return true;
+		}
+		self.db.exists(&combine_key(&self.address, key))
+	}
+
+	fn insert(&mut self, _value: &[u8]) -> H256 {
+		unimplemented!()
+	}
+
+	fn emplace(&mut self, _key: H256, _value: Bytes) {
+		unimplemented!()
+	}
+
+	fn kill(&mut self, _key: &H256) {
+		unimplemented!()
+	}
+}
+
+/// DB backend wrapper for Account trie
+pub struct AccountDBMut<'db> {
+	db: &'db mut HashDB,
+	address: H256,
+}
+
+impl<'db> AccountDBMut<'db> {
+	pub fn new(db: &'db mut HashDB, address: &Address) -> AccountDBMut<'db> {
+		AccountDBMut {
+			db: db,
+			address: x!(address.clone()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[allow(dead_code)]
+	pub fn immutable(&'db self) -> AccountDB<'db> {
+		AccountDB { db: self.db, address: self.address.clone() }
+	}
+}
+
+impl<'db> HashDB for AccountDBMut<'db>{
+	fn keys(&self) -> HashMap<H256, i32> {
+		unimplemented!()
+	}
+
+	fn lookup(&self, key: &H256) -> Option<&[u8]> {
+		if key == &SHA3_NULL_RLP {
+			return Some(&NULL_RLP_STATIC);
+		}
+		self.db.lookup(&combine_key(&self.address, key))
+	}
+
+	fn exists(&self, key: &H256) -> bool {
+		if key == &SHA3_NULL_RLP {
+			return true;
+		}
+		self.db.exists(&combine_key(&self.address, key))
+	}
+
+	fn insert(&mut self, value: &[u8]) -> H256 {
+		let k = value.sha3();
+		let ak = combine_key(&self.address, &k);
+		self.db.emplace(ak, value.to_vec());
+		k
+	}
+
+	fn emplace(&mut self, key: H256, value: Bytes) {
+		let key = combine_key(&self.address, &key);
+		self.db.emplace(key, value.to_vec())
+	}
+
+	fn kill(&mut self, key: &H256) {
+		let key = combine_key(&self.address, key);
+		self.db.kill(&key)
+	}
+}
+
+

ethcore/src/account_diff.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Diff between two accounts.
 
 use util::*;

ethcore/src/action_params.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Evm input params.
 use util::hash::*;
 use util::uint::*;

ethcore/src/basic_types.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethcore basic typenames.
 
 use util::*;

ethcore/src/block.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Blockchain block.
 
 #![allow(ptr_arg)] // Because of &LastHashes -> &Vec<_>
@@ -14,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct Block {
 	/// The header of this block.
 	pub header: Header,
 	/// The transactions in this block.
-	pub transactions: Vec<Transaction>,
+	pub transactions: Vec<SignedTransaction>,
 	/// The uncles of this block.
 	pub uncles: Vec<Header>,
 }
@@ -62,7 +78,7 @@ impl Decodable for Block {
 /// Internal type for a block's common elements.
 // TODO: rename to ExecutedBlock
 // TODO: use BareBlock
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ExecutedBlock {
 	base: Block,
 
@@ -76,7 +92,7 @@ pub struct BlockRefMut<'a> {
 	/// Block header.
 	pub header: &'a Header,
 	/// Block transactions.
-	pub transactions: &'a Vec<Transaction>,
+	pub transactions: &'a Vec<SignedTransaction>,
 	/// Block uncles.
 	pub uncles: &'a Vec<Header>,
 	/// Transaction receipts.
@@ -113,7 +129,7 @@ pub trait IsBlock {
 	fn state(&self) -> &State { &self.block().state }
 
 	/// Get all information on transactions in this block.
-	fn transactions(&self) -> &Vec<Transaction> { &self.block().base.transactions }
+	fn transactions(&self) -> &Vec<SignedTransaction> { &self.block().base.transactions }
 
 	/// Get all information on receipts in this block.
 	fn receipts(&self) -> &Vec<Receipt> { &self.block().receipts }
@@ -228,7 +244,7 @@ impl<'x, 'y> OpenBlock<'x, 'y> {
 	/// Push a transaction into the block.
 	///
 	/// If valid, it will be executed, and archived together with the receipt.
-	pub fn push_transaction(&mut self, t: Transaction, h: Option<H256>) -> Result<&Receipt, Error> {
+	pub fn push_transaction(&mut self, t: SignedTransaction, h: Option<H256>) -> Result<&Receipt, Error> {
 		let env_info = self.env_info();
 //		info!("env_info says gas_used={}", env_info.gas_used);
 		match self.block.state.apply(&env_info, self.engine, &t) {
@@ -316,11 +332,13 @@ impl IsBlock for SealedBlock {
 }
 
 /// Enact the block given by block header, transactions and uncles
-pub fn enact<'x, 'y>(header: &Header, transactions: &[Transaction], uncles: &[Header], engine: &'x Engine, db: JournalDB, parent: &Header, last_hashes: &'y LastHashes) -> Result<ClosedBlock<'x, 'y>, Error> {
+pub fn enact<'x, 'y>(header: &Header, transactions: &[SignedTransaction], uncles: &[Header], engine: &'x Engine, db: JournalDB, parent: &Header, last_hashes: &'y LastHashes) -> Result<ClosedBlock<'x, 'y>, Error> {
 	{
+		if ::log::max_log_level() >= ::log::LogLevel::Trace {
 			let s = State::from_existing(db.clone(), parent.state_root().clone(), engine.account_start_nonce());
 			trace!("enact(): root={}, author={}, author_balance={}\n", s.root(), header.author(), s.balance(&header.author()));
 		}
+	}
 
 	let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine, db, parent, last_hashes, header.author().clone(), header.extra_data().clone());
 	b.set_difficulty(*header.difficulty());
@@ -363,10 +381,10 @@ mod tests {
 		let engine = Spec::new_test().to_engine().unwrap();
 		let genesis_header = engine.spec().genesis_header();
 		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
-		let db = db_result.reference_mut();
+		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(db);
+		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
 		let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db.clone(), &genesis_header, &last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, &last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
 		let b = b.close();
 		let _ = b.seal(vec![]);
 	}
@@ -378,16 +396,16 @@ mod tests {
 		let genesis_header = engine.spec().genesis_header();
 
 		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
-		let db = db_result.reference_mut();
+		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(db);
+		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db.clone(), &genesis_header, &vec![genesis_header.hash()], Address::zero(), vec![]).close().seal(vec![]).unwrap();
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, &vec![genesis_header.hash()], Address::zero(), vec![]).close().seal(vec![]).unwrap();
 		let orig_bytes = b.rlp_bytes();
 		let orig_db = b.drain();
 
 		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
-		let db = db_result.reference_mut();
+		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(db);
+		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
-		let e = enact_and_seal(&orig_bytes, engine.deref(), db.clone(), &genesis_header, &vec![genesis_header.hash()]).unwrap();
+		let e = enact_and_seal(&orig_bytes, engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, &vec![genesis_header.hash()]).unwrap();
 
 		assert_eq!(e.rlp_bytes(), orig_bytes);
 

ethcore/src/block_queue.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! A queue of blocks. Sits between network or other I/O and the BlockChain.
 //! Sorts them ready for blockchain insertion.
 use std::thread::{JoinHandle, self};

ethcore/src/blockchain.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Blockchain database.
 
 use util::*;
@@ -93,7 +109,7 @@ pub trait BlockProvider {
 
 	/// Get a list of transactions for a given block.
 	/// Returns None if block deos not exist.
-	fn transactions(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Vec<Transaction>> {
+	fn transactions(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Vec<SignedTransaction>> {
 		self.block(hash).map(|bytes| BlockView::new(&bytes).transactions())
 	}
 

ethcore/src/builtin.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use util::*;
 use crypto::sha2::Sha256;
 use crypto::ripemd160::Ripemd160;

ethcore/src/client.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Blockchain database client.
 
 use util::*;
-use rocksdb::{Options, DB};
+use rocksdb::{Options, DB, DBCompactionStyle};
 use blockchain::{BlockChain, BlockProvider, CacheSize};
 use views::BlockView;
 use error::*;
@@ -139,24 +155,31 @@ impl ClientReport {
 pub struct Client {
 	chain: Arc<RwLock<BlockChain>>,
 	engine: Arc<Box<Engine>>,
-	state_db: JournalDB,
+	state_db: Arc<DB>,
+	state_journal: Mutex<JournalDB>,
 	block_queue: RwLock<BlockQueue>,
 	report: RwLock<ClientReport>,
-	uncommited_states: RwLock<HashMap<H256, JournalDB>>,
 	import_lock: Mutex<()>
 }
 
 const HISTORY: u64 = 1000;
+const CLIENT_DB_VER_STR: &'static str = "1.0";
 
 impl Client {
 	/// Create a new client with given spec and DB path.
 	pub fn new(spec: Spec, path: &Path, message_channel: IoChannel<NetSyncMessage> ) -> Result<Arc<Client>, Error> {
+		let mut dir = path.to_path_buf();
+		dir.push(H64::from(spec.genesis_header().hash()).hex());
+		//TODO: sec/fat: pruned/full versioning
+		dir.push(format!("v{}-sec-pruned", CLIENT_DB_VER_STR));
+		let path = dir.as_path();
 		let gb = spec.genesis_block();
 		let chain = Arc::new(RwLock::new(BlockChain::new(&gb, path)));
 		let mut opts = Options::new();
 		opts.set_max_open_files(256);
 		opts.create_if_missing(true);
 		opts.set_use_fsync(false);
+		opts.set_compaction_style(DBCompactionStyle::DBUniversalCompaction);
 		/*
 		opts.set_bytes_per_sync(8388608);
 		opts.set_disable_data_sync(false);
@@ -180,16 +203,16 @@ impl Client {
 		
 		let engine = Arc::new(try!(spec.to_engine()));
 		let mut state_db = JournalDB::new_with_arc(db.clone());
-		if engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut state_db) {
+		if state_db.is_empty() && engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut state_db) {
 			state_db.commit(0, &engine.spec().genesis_header().hash(), None).expect("Error commiting genesis state to state DB");
 		}
 		Ok(Arc::new(Client {
 			chain: chain,
 			engine: engine.clone(),
-			state_db: state_db,
+			state_db: db.clone(),
+			state_journal: Mutex::new(JournalDB::new_with_arc(db)),
 			block_queue: RwLock::new(BlockQueue::new(engine, message_channel)),
 			report: RwLock::new(Default::default()),
-			uncommited_states: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
 			import_lock: Mutex::new(()),
 		}))
 	}
@@ -242,7 +265,7 @@ impl Client {
 				}
 			}
 
-			let db = self.state_db.clone();
+			let db = self.state_journal.lock().unwrap().clone();
 			let result = match enact_verified(&block, self.engine.deref().deref(), db, &parent, &last_hashes) {
 				Ok(b) => b,
 				Err(e) => {
@@ -277,14 +300,9 @@ impl Client {
 		ret
 	}
 
-	/// Clear cached state overlay 
-	pub fn clear_state(&self, hash: &H256) {
-		self.uncommited_states.write().unwrap().remove(hash);
-	}
-
 	/// Get a copy of the best block's state.
 	pub fn state(&self) -> State {
-		State::from_existing(self.state_db.clone(), HeaderView::new(&self.best_block_header()).state_root(), self.engine.account_start_nonce())
+		State::from_existing(JournalDB::new_with_arc(self.state_db.clone()), HeaderView::new(&self.best_block_header()).state_root(), self.engine.account_start_nonce())
 	}
 
 	/// Get info on the cache.

ethcore/src/common.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 pub use util::*;
 pub use basic_types::*;
 pub use error::*;

ethcore/src/engine.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use common::*;
 use block::ExecutedBlock;
 use spec::Spec;
@@ -56,9 +72,9 @@ pub trait Engine : Sync + Send {
 	/// Additional verification for transactions in blocks.
 	// TODO: Add flags for which bits of the transaction to check.
 	// TODO: consider including State in the params.
-	fn verify_transaction_basic(&self, _t: &Transaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> { Ok(()) }
+	fn verify_transaction_basic(&self, _t: &SignedTransaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> { Ok(()) }
 	/// Verify a particular transaction is valid.
-	fn verify_transaction(&self, _t: &Transaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> { Ok(()) }
+	fn verify_transaction(&self, _t: &SignedTransaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> { Ok(()) }
 
 	/// Don't forget to call Super::populateFromParent when subclassing & overriding.
 	// TODO: consider including State in the params.

ethcore/src/env_info.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use util::*;
 use header::BlockNumber;
 

ethcore/src/error.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! General error types for use in ethcore.
 
 use util::*;

ethcore/src/ethereum/denominations.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use util::*;
 
 #[inline]

ethcore/src/ethereum/ethash.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 extern crate ethash;
 
 use self::ethash::{quick_get_difficulty, EthashManager, H256 as EH256};
@@ -154,14 +170,14 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn verify_transaction_basic(&self, t: &Transaction, header: &Header) -> result::Result<(), Error> {
+	fn verify_transaction_basic(&self, t: &SignedTransaction, header: &Header) -> result::Result<(), Error> {
 		if header.number() >= self.u64_param("frontierCompatibilityModeLimit") {
 			try!(t.check_low_s());
 		}
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn verify_transaction(&self, t: &Transaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	fn verify_transaction(&self, t: &SignedTransaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> {
 		t.sender().map(|_|()) // Perform EC recovery and cache sender
 	}
 }
@@ -232,10 +248,10 @@ fn on_close_block() {
 	let engine = new_morden().to_engine().unwrap();
 	let genesis_header = engine.spec().genesis_header();
 	let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
-	let mut db = db_result.reference_mut();
+	let mut db = db_result.take();
-	engine.spec().ensure_db_good(db);
+	engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
 	let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
-	let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db.clone(), &genesis_header, &last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
+	let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, &last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
 	let b = b.close();
 	assert_eq!(b.state().balance(&Address::zero()), U256::from_str("4563918244f40000").unwrap());
 }
@@ -246,10 +262,10 @@ fn on_close_block_with_uncle() {
 	let engine = new_morden().to_engine().unwrap();
 	let genesis_header = engine.spec().genesis_header();
 	let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
-	let mut db = db_result.reference_mut();
+	let mut db = db_result.take();
-	engine.spec().ensure_db_good(db);
+	engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
 	let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
-	let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db.clone(), &genesis_header, &last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
+	let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), db, &genesis_header, &last_hashes, Address::zero(), vec![]);
 	let mut uncle = Header::new();
 	let uncle_author = address_from_hex("ef2d6d194084c2de36e0dabfce45d046b37d1106");
 	uncle.author = uncle_author.clone();

ethcore/src/ethereum/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethereum protocol module.
 //!
 //! Contains all Ethereum network specific stuff, such as denominations and
@@ -44,9 +60,9 @@ mod tests {
 		let engine = new_morden().to_engine().unwrap();
 		let genesis_header = engine.spec().genesis_header();
 		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
-		let mut db = db_result.reference_mut();
+		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(db);
+		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut db);
-		let s = State::from_existing(db.clone(), genesis_header.state_root.clone(), engine.account_start_nonce());
+		let s = State::from_existing(db, genesis_header.state_root.clone(), engine.account_start_nonce());
 		assert_eq!(s.balance(&address_from_hex("0000000000000000000000000000000000000001")), U256::from(1u64));
 		assert_eq!(s.balance(&address_from_hex("0000000000000000000000000000000000000002")), U256::from(1u64));
 		assert_eq!(s.balance(&address_from_hex("0000000000000000000000000000000000000003")), U256::from(1u64));

ethcore/src/evm/evm.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Evm interface.
 
 use common::*;

ethcore/src/evm/ext.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Interface for Evm externalities.
 
 use common::Bytes;

ethcore/src/evm/factory.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Evm factory.
 //!
 //! TODO: consider spliting it into two separate files.

ethcore/src/evm/instructions.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! VM Instructions list and utility functions
 
 pub type Instruction = u8;

ethcore/src/evm/interpreter.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 ///! Rust VM implementation
 
 use common::*;
@@ -263,7 +279,7 @@ pub struct Interpreter;
 
 impl evm::Evm for Interpreter {
 	fn exec(&self, params: ActionParams, ext: &mut evm::Ext) -> evm::Result {
-		let code = &params.code.clone().unwrap();
+		let code = &params.code.as_ref().unwrap();
 		let valid_jump_destinations = self.find_jump_destinations(&code);
 
 		let mut current_gas = params.gas.clone();
@@ -728,15 +744,18 @@ impl Interpreter {
 				let big_id = stack.pop_back();
 				let id = big_id.low_u64() as usize;
 				let max = id.wrapping_add(32);
-				let data = params.data.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| vec![]);
+				if let Some(data) = params.data.as_ref() {
 					let bound = cmp::min(data.len(), max);
 					if id < bound && big_id < U256::from(data.len()) {
-					let mut v = data[id..bound].to_vec();
+						let mut v = [0u8; 32];
-					v.resize(32, 0);
+						v[0..bound-id].clone_from_slice(&data[id..bound]);
 						stack.push(U256::from(&v[..]))
 					} else {
 						stack.push(U256::zero())
 					}
+				} else {
+					stack.push(U256::zero())
+				}
 			},
 			instructions::CALLDATASIZE => {
 				stack.push(U256::from(params.data.clone().map_or(0, |l| l.len())));

ethcore/src/evm/jit.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Just in time compiler execution environment.
 use common::*;
 use evmjit;

ethcore/src/evm/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethereum virtual machine.
 
 pub mod ext;

ethcore/src/evm/schedule.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Cost schedule and other parameterisations for the EVM.
 
 /// Definition of the cost schedule and other parameterisations for the EVM.

ethcore/src/evm/tests.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use common::*;
 use evm;
 use evm::{Ext, Schedule, Factory, VMType, ContractCreateResult, MessageCallResult};

ethcore/src/executive.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Transaction Execution environment.
 use common::*;
 use state::*;
@@ -86,7 +102,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 	}
 
 	/// This funtion should be used to execute transaction.
-	pub fn transact(&'a mut self, t: &Transaction) -> Result<Executed, Error> {
+	pub fn transact(&'a mut self, t: &SignedTransaction) -> Result<Executed, Error> {
 		let sender = try!(t.sender());
 		let nonce = self.state.nonce(&sender);
 
@@ -194,7 +210,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 	/// Returns either gas_left or `evm::Error`.
 	pub fn call(&mut self, params: ActionParams, substate: &mut Substate, mut output: BytesRef) -> evm::Result {
 		// backup used in case of running out of gas
-		let backup = self.state.clone();
+		self.state.snapshot();
 
 		// at first, transfer value to destination
 		if let ActionValue::Transfer(val) = params.value {
@@ -212,11 +228,12 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 			match cost <= params.gas {
 				true => {
 					self.engine.execute_builtin(&params.code_address, data, &mut output);
+					self.state.clear_snapshot();
 					Ok(params.gas - cost)
 				},
 				// just drain the whole gas
 				false => {
-					self.state.revert(backup);
+					self.state.revert_snapshot();
 					Err(evm::Error::OutOfGas)
 				}
 			}
@@ -232,11 +249,12 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 
 			trace!("exec: sstore-clears={}\n", unconfirmed_substate.sstore_clears_count);
 			trace!("exec: substate={:?}; unconfirmed_substate={:?}\n", substate, unconfirmed_substate);
-			self.enact_result(&res, substate, unconfirmed_substate, backup);
+			self.enact_result(&res, substate, unconfirmed_substate);
 			trace!("exec: new substate={:?}\n", substate);
 			res
 		} else {
 			// otherwise, nothing
+			self.state.clear_snapshot();
 			Ok(params.gas)
 		}
 	}
@@ -246,7 +264,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 	/// Modifies the substate.
 	pub fn create(&mut self, params: ActionParams, substate: &mut Substate) -> evm::Result {
 		// backup used in case of running out of gas
-		let backup = self.state.clone();
+		self.state.snapshot();
 
 		// part of substate that may be reverted
 		let mut unconfirmed_substate = Substate::new();
@@ -263,12 +281,12 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 		let res = {
 			self.exec_vm(params, &mut unconfirmed_substate, OutputPolicy::InitContract)
 		};
-		self.enact_result(&res, substate, unconfirmed_substate, backup);
+		self.enact_result(&res, substate, unconfirmed_substate);
 		res
 	}
 
 	/// Finalizes the transaction (does refunds and suicides).
-	fn finalize(&mut self, t: &Transaction, substate: Substate, result: evm::Result) -> ExecutionResult {
+	fn finalize(&mut self, t: &SignedTransaction, substate: Substate, result: evm::Result) -> ExecutionResult {
 		let schedule = self.engine.schedule(self.info);
 
 		// refunds from SSTORE nonzero -> zero
@@ -324,16 +342,19 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn enact_result(&mut self, result: &evm::Result, substate: &mut Substate, un_substate: Substate, backup: State) {
+	fn enact_result(&mut self, result: &evm::Result, substate: &mut Substate, un_substate: Substate) {
 		match *result {
 			Err(evm::Error::OutOfGas)
 				| Err(evm::Error::BadJumpDestination {..}) 
 				| Err(evm::Error::BadInstruction {.. }) 
 				| Err(evm::Error::StackUnderflow {..})
 				| Err(evm::Error::OutOfStack {..}) => {
-				self.state.revert(backup);
+				self.state.revert_snapshot();
 			},
-			Ok(_) | Err(evm::Error::Internal) => substate.accrue(un_substate)
+			Ok(_) | Err(evm::Error::Internal) => {
+				self.state.clear_snapshot();
+				substate.accrue(un_substate)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -685,9 +706,15 @@ mod tests {
 	// test is incorrect, mk
 	evm_test_ignore!{test_transact_simple: test_transact_simple_jit, test_transact_simple_int}
 	fn test_transact_simple(factory: Factory) {
-		let mut t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(17), "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(), U256::from(100_000), U256::zero(), U256::zero());
 		let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
-		t.sign(&keypair.secret());
+		let t = Transaction {
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: U256::from(17),
+			data: "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(),
+			gas: U256::from(100_000),
+			gas_price: U256::zero(),
+			nonce: U256::zero()
+		}.sign(&keypair.secret());
 		let sender = t.sender().unwrap();
 		let contract = contract_address(&sender, &U256::zero());
 
@@ -717,8 +744,14 @@ mod tests {
 
 	evm_test!{test_transact_invalid_sender: test_transact_invalid_sender_jit, test_transact_invalid_sender_int}
 	fn test_transact_invalid_sender(factory: Factory) {
-		let t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(17), "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(), U256::from(100_000), U256::zero(), U256::zero());
+		let t = Transaction {
-
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: U256::from(17),
+			data: "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(),
+			gas: U256::from(100_000),
+			gas_price: U256::zero(),
+			nonce: U256::zero()
+		}.fake_sign();
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
 		let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
@@ -738,9 +771,15 @@ mod tests {
 
 	evm_test!{test_transact_invalid_nonce: test_transact_invalid_nonce_jit, test_transact_invalid_nonce_int}
 	fn test_transact_invalid_nonce(factory: Factory) {
-		let mut t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(17), "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(), U256::from(100_000), U256::zero(), U256::one());
 		let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
-		t.sign(&keypair.secret());
+		let t = Transaction {
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: U256::from(17),
+			data: "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(),
+			gas: U256::from(100_000),
+			gas_price: U256::zero(),
+			nonce: U256::one()
+		}.sign(&keypair.secret());
 		let sender = t.sender().unwrap();
 
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
@@ -764,9 +803,15 @@ mod tests {
 
 	evm_test!{test_transact_gas_limit_reached: test_transact_gas_limit_reached_jit, test_transact_gas_limit_reached_int}
 	fn test_transact_gas_limit_reached(factory: Factory) {
-		let mut t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(17), "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(), U256::from(80_001), U256::zero(), U256::zero());
 		let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
-		t.sign(&keypair.secret());
+		let t = Transaction {
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: U256::from(17),
+			data: "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(),
+			gas: U256::from(80_001),
+			gas_price: U256::zero(),
+			nonce: U256::zero()
+		}.sign(&keypair.secret());
 		let sender = t.sender().unwrap();
 
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
@@ -791,9 +836,16 @@ mod tests {
 
 	evm_test!{test_not_enough_cash: test_not_enough_cash_jit, test_not_enough_cash_int}
 	fn test_not_enough_cash(factory: Factory) {
-		let mut t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(18), "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(), U256::from(100_000), U256::one(), U256::zero());
+
 		let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
-		t.sign(&keypair.secret());
+		let t = Transaction {
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: U256::from(18),
+			data: "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(),
+			gas: U256::from(100_000),
+			gas_price: U256::one(),
+			nonce: U256::zero()
+		}.sign(&keypair.secret());
 		let sender = t.sender().unwrap();
 
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();

ethcore/src/externalities.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Transaction Execution environment.
 use common::*;
 use state::*;

ethcore/src/extras.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Blockchain DB extras.
 
 use util::*;

ethcore/src/header.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Block header.
 
 use util::*;

ethcore/src/json_tests/chain.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use super::test_common::*;
 use client::{BlockChainClient,Client};
 use pod_state::*;

ethcore/src/json_tests/client.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use client::{BlockChainClient,Client};
 use super::test_common::*;
 use tests::helpers::*;

ethcore/src/json_tests/executive.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use super::test_common::*;
 use state::*;
 use executive::*;

ethcore/src/json_tests/homestead_chain.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use super::test_common::*;
 use super::chain::json_chain_test;
 use tests::helpers::*;

ethcore/src/json_tests/homestead_state.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use super::test_common::*;
 use tests::helpers::*;
 use super::state::json_chain_test;

ethcore/src/json_tests/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 #[macro_use]
 mod test_common;
 

ethcore/src/json_tests/state.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use super::test_common::*;
 use tests::helpers::*;
 use pod_state::*;
@@ -33,7 +49,7 @@ pub fn json_chain_test(json_data: &[u8], era: ChainEra) -> Vec<String> {
 
 			flush!("   - {}...", name);
 
-			let t = Transaction::from_json(&test["transaction"]);
+			let t = SignedTransaction::from_json(&test["transaction"]);
 			let env = EnvInfo::from_json(&test["env"]);
 			let _out = Bytes::from_json(&test["out"]);
 			let post_state_root = xjson!(&test["postStateRoot"]);

ethcore/src/json_tests/test_common.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 pub use common::*;
 
 macro_rules! test {

ethcore/src/json_tests/transaction.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use super::test_common::*;
 use evm;
 
@@ -6,7 +22,7 @@ fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 	let mut failed = Vec::new();
 	let old_schedule = evm::Schedule::new_frontier();
 	let new_schedule = evm::Schedule::new_homestead();
-	let ot = RefCell::new(Transaction::new());
+	let ot = RefCell::new(None);
 	for (name, test) in json.as_object().unwrap() {
 		let mut fail = false;
 		let mut fail_unless = |cond: bool| if !cond && !fail { failed.push(name.clone()); println!("Transaction: {:?}", ot.borrow()); fail = true };
@@ -15,7 +31,7 @@ fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 			.and_then(|s| BlockNumber::from_str(s).ok())
 			.unwrap_or(0) { x if x < 1_000_000 => &old_schedule, _ => &new_schedule };
 		let rlp = Bytes::from_json(&test["rlp"]);
-		let res = UntrustedRlp::new(&rlp).as_val().map_err(From::from).and_then(|t: Transaction| t.validate(schedule, schedule.have_delegate_call));
+		let res = UntrustedRlp::new(&rlp).as_val().map_err(From::from).and_then(|t: SignedTransaction| t.validate(schedule, schedule.have_delegate_call));
 		fail_unless(test.find("transaction").is_none() == res.is_err());
 		if let (Some(&Json::Object(ref tx)), Some(&Json::String(ref expect_sender))) = (test.find("transaction"), test.find("sender")) {
 			let t = res.unwrap();
@@ -26,10 +42,10 @@ fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 			fail_unless(t.nonce == xjson!(&tx["nonce"]));
 			fail_unless(t.value == xjson!(&tx["value"]));
 			if let Action::Call(ref to) = t.action {
-				*ot.borrow_mut() = t.clone();
+				*ot.borrow_mut() = Some(t.clone());
 				fail_unless(to == &xjson!(&tx["to"]));
 			} else {
-				*ot.borrow_mut() = t.clone();
+				*ot.borrow_mut() = Some(t.clone());
 				fail_unless(Bytes::from_json(&tx["to"]).is_empty());
 			}
 		}

ethcore/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
 #![feature(cell_extras)]
 #![feature(augmented_assignments)]
@@ -97,6 +113,7 @@ mod state_diff;
 mod engine;
 mod state;
 mod account;
+mod account_db;
 mod action_params;
 mod transaction;
 mod null_engine;

ethcore/src/log_entry.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use util::*;
 use basic_types::LogBloom;
 

ethcore/src/null_engine.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use engine::Engine;
 use spec::Spec;
 use evm::Schedule;

ethcore/src/pod_account.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use util::*;
 use account::*;
+use account_db::*;
 
 #[derive(Debug,Clone,PartialEq,Eq)]
 /// An account, expressed as Plain-Old-Data (hence the name).
@@ -44,7 +61,7 @@ impl PodAccount {
 	}
 
 	/// Place additional data into given hash DB.
-	pub fn insert_additional(&self, db: &mut HashDB) {
+	pub fn insert_additional(&self, db: &mut AccountDBMut) {
 		if !self.code.is_empty() {
 			db.insert(&self.code);
 		}

ethcore/src/pod_state.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use util::*;
 use pod_account::*;
 

ethcore/src/receipt.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Receipt
 
 use util::*;

ethcore/src/service.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Creates and registers client and network services.
 
 use util::*;
@@ -32,7 +48,6 @@ impl ClientService {
 		info!("Configured for {} using {} engine", spec.name, spec.engine_name);
 		let mut dir = env::home_dir().unwrap();
 		dir.push(".parity");
-		dir.push(H64::from(spec.genesis_header().hash()).hex());
 		let client = try!(Client::new(spec, &dir, net_service.io().channel()));
 		let client_io = Arc::new(ClientIoHandler {
 			client: client.clone()

ethcore/src/spec.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Parameters for a block chain.
 
 use common::*;
 use engine::*;
 use pod_state::*;
 use null_engine::*;
+use account_db::*;
 
 /// Convert JSON value to equivalent RLP representation.
 // TODO: handle container types.
@@ -262,8 +279,8 @@ impl Spec {
 					t.insert(address.as_slice(), &account.rlp());
 				}
 			}
-			for (_, account) in self.genesis_state.get().iter() {
+			for (address, account) in self.genesis_state.get().iter() {
-				account.insert_additional(db);
+				account.insert_additional(&mut AccountDBMut::new(db, address));
 			}
 			assert!(db.contains(&self.state_root()));
 			true

ethcore/src/state.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use common::*;
 use engine::Engine;
 use executive::Executive;
+use account_db::*;
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
 use pod_account::*;
@@ -13,12 +30,11 @@ use pod_state::PodState;
 pub type ApplyResult = Result<Receipt, Error>;
 
 /// Representation of the entire state of all accounts in the system.
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct State {
 	db: JournalDB,
 	root: H256,
 	cache: RefCell<HashMap<Address, Option<Account>>>,
-
+	snapshots: RefCell<Vec<HashMap<Address, Option<Option<Account>>>>>,
 	account_start_nonce: U256,
 }
 
@@ -36,6 +52,7 @@ impl State {
 			db: db,
 			root: root,
 			cache: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
+			snapshots: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
 			account_start_nonce: account_start_nonce,
 		}
 	}
@@ -51,10 +68,63 @@ impl State {
 			db: db,
 			root: root,
 			cache: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
+			snapshots: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
 			account_start_nonce: account_start_nonce,
 		}
 	}
 
+	/// Create a recoverable snaphot of this state
+	pub fn snapshot(&mut self) {
+		self.snapshots.borrow_mut().push(HashMap::new());
+	}
+
+	/// Merge last snapshot with previous
+	pub fn clear_snapshot(&mut self) {
+		// merge with previous snapshot
+		let last = self.snapshots.borrow_mut().pop();
+		if let Some(mut snapshot) = last {
+			if let Some(ref mut prev) = self.snapshots.borrow_mut().last_mut() {
+				for (k, v) in snapshot.drain() {
+					prev.entry(k).or_insert(v);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Revert to snapshot
+	pub fn revert_snapshot(&mut self) {
+		if let Some(mut snapshot) = self.snapshots.borrow_mut().pop() {
+			for (k, v) in snapshot.drain() {
+				match v {
+					Some(v) => {
+						self.cache.borrow_mut().insert(k, v);
+					},
+					None => {
+						self.cache.borrow_mut().remove(&k);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn insert_cache(&self, address: &Address, account: Option<Account>) {
+		if let Some(ref mut snapshot) = self.snapshots.borrow_mut().last_mut() {
+			if !snapshot.contains_key(&address) {
+				snapshot.insert(address.clone(), self.cache.borrow_mut().insert(address.clone(), account));
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		self.cache.borrow_mut().insert(address.clone(), account);
+	}
+
+	fn note_cache(&self, address: &Address) {
+		if let Some(ref mut snapshot) = self.snapshots.borrow_mut().last_mut() {
+			if !snapshot.contains_key(&address) {
+				snapshot.insert(address.clone(), self.cache.borrow().get(address).cloned());
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	/// Destroy the current object and return root and database.
 	pub fn drop(self) -> (H256, JournalDB) {
 		(self.root, self.db)
@@ -68,12 +138,12 @@ impl State {
 	/// Create a new contract at address `contract`. If there is already an account at the address
 	/// it will have its code reset, ready for `init_code()`.
 	pub fn new_contract(&mut self, contract: &Address, balance: U256) {
-		self.cache.borrow_mut().insert(contract.clone(), Some(Account::new_contract(balance)));
+		self.insert_cache(&contract, Some(Account::new_contract(balance)));
 	}
 
 	/// Remove an existing account.
 	pub fn kill_account(&mut self, account: &Address) {
-		self.cache.borrow_mut().insert(account.clone(), None);
+		self.insert_cache(account, None);
 	}
 
 	/// Determine whether an account exists.
@@ -91,9 +161,9 @@ impl State {
 		self.get(a, false).as_ref().map_or(U256::zero(), |account| account.nonce().clone())
 	}
 
-	/// Mutate storage of account `a` so that it is `value` for `key`.
+	/// Mutate storage of account `address` so that it is `value` for `key`.
-	pub fn storage_at(&self, a: &Address, key: &H256) -> H256 {
+	pub fn storage_at(&self, address: &Address, key: &H256) -> H256 {
-		self.get(a, false).as_ref().map_or(H256::new(), |a|a.storage_at(&self.db, key))	
+		self.get(address, false).as_ref().map_or(H256::new(), |a|a.storage_at(&AccountDB::new(&self.db, address), key))	
 	}
 
 	/// Mutate storage of account `a` so that it is `value` for `key`.
@@ -139,7 +209,7 @@ impl State {
 
 	/// Execute a given transaction.
 	/// This will change the state accordingly.
-	pub fn apply(&mut self, env_info: &EnvInfo, engine: &Engine, t: &Transaction) -> ApplyResult {
+	pub fn apply(&mut self, env_info: &EnvInfo, engine: &Engine, t: &SignedTransaction) -> ApplyResult {
 //		let old = self.to_pod();
 
 		let e = try!(Executive::new(self, env_info, engine).transact(t));
@@ -152,22 +222,18 @@ impl State {
 		Ok(receipt)
 	}
 
-	/// Reverts uncommited changed.
-	pub fn revert(&mut self, backup: State) {
-		self.cache = backup.cache;
-	}
-
 	/// Commit accounts to SecTrieDBMut. This is similar to cpp-ethereum's dev::eth::commit.
 	/// `accounts` is mutable because we may need to commit the code or storage and record that.
 	#[allow(match_ref_pats)]
 	pub fn commit_into(db: &mut HashDB, root: &mut H256, accounts: &mut HashMap<Address, Option<Account>>) {
 		// first, commit the sub trees.
 		// TODO: is this necessary or can we dispense with the `ref mut a` for just `a`?
-		for (_, ref mut a) in accounts.iter_mut() {
+		for (address, ref mut a) in accounts.iter_mut() {
 			match a {
 				&mut&mut Some(ref mut account) => {
-					account.commit_storage(db);
+					let mut account_db = AccountDBMut::new(db, address);
-					account.commit_code(db);
+					account.commit_storage(&mut account_db);
+					account.commit_code(&mut account_db);
 				}
 				&mut&mut None => {}
 			}
@@ -186,6 +252,7 @@ impl State {
 
 	/// Commits our cached account changes into the trie.
 	pub fn commit(&mut self) {
+		assert!(self.snapshots.borrow().is_empty());
 		Self::commit_into(&mut self.db, &mut self.root, self.cache.borrow_mut().deref_mut());
 	}
 
@@ -193,6 +260,7 @@ impl State {
 	#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
 	/// Populate the state from `accounts`.
 	pub fn populate_from(&mut self, accounts: PodState) {
+		assert!(self.snapshots.borrow().is_empty());
 		for (add, acc) in accounts.drain().into_iter() {
 			self.cache.borrow_mut().insert(add, Some(Account::from_pod(acc)));
 		}
@@ -202,6 +270,7 @@ impl State {
 	#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
 	/// Populate a PodAccount map from this state.
 	pub fn to_pod(&self) -> PodState {
+		assert!(self.snapshots.borrow().is_empty());
 		// TODO: handle database rather than just the cache.
 		PodState::from(self.cache.borrow().iter().fold(BTreeMap::new(), |mut m, (add, opt)| {
 			if let Some(ref acc) = *opt {
@@ -214,12 +283,13 @@ impl State {
 	/// Pull account `a` in our cache from the trie DB and return it.
 	/// `require_code` requires that the code be cached, too.
 	fn get(&self, a: &Address, require_code: bool) -> Ref<Option<Account>> {
-		self.cache.borrow_mut().entry(a.clone()).or_insert_with(|| {
+		let have_key = self.cache.borrow().contains_key(a);
-			SecTrieDB::new(&self.db, &self.root).get(&a).map(|rlp| Account::from_rlp(rlp))
+		if !have_key {
-		});
+			self.insert_cache(a, SecTrieDB::new(&self.db, &self.root).get(&a).map(Account::from_rlp))
+		}
 		if require_code {
 			if let Some(ref mut account) = self.cache.borrow_mut().get_mut(a).unwrap().as_mut() {
-				account.cache_code(&self.db);
+				account.cache_code(&AccountDB::new(&self.db, a));
 			}
 		}
 		Ref::map(self.cache.borrow(), |m| m.get(a).unwrap())
@@ -233,8 +303,12 @@ impl State {
 	/// Pull account `a` in our cache from the trie DB. `require_code` requires that the code be cached, too.
 	/// If it doesn't exist, make account equal the evaluation of `default`.
 	fn require_or_from<F: FnOnce() -> Account, G: FnOnce(&mut Account)>(&self, a: &Address, require_code: bool, default: F, not_default: G) -> RefMut<Account> {
-		self.cache.borrow_mut().entry(a.clone()).or_insert_with(||
+		let have_key = self.cache.borrow().contains_key(a);
-			SecTrieDB::new(&self.db, &self.root).get(&a).map(|rlp| Account::from_rlp(rlp)));
+		if !have_key {
+			self.insert_cache(a, SecTrieDB::new(&self.db, &self.root).get(&a).map(Account::from_rlp))
+		} else {
+			self.note_cache(a);
+		}
 		let preexists = self.cache.borrow().get(a).unwrap().is_none();
 		if preexists {
 			self.cache.borrow_mut().insert(a.clone(), Some(default()));
@@ -245,7 +319,7 @@ impl State {
 		let b = self.cache.borrow_mut();
 		RefMut::map(b, |m| m.get_mut(a).unwrap().as_mut().map(|account| {
 			if require_code {
-				account.cache_code(&self.db);
+				account.cache_code(&AccountDB::new(&self.db, a));
 			}
 			account
 		}).unwrap())
@@ -424,6 +498,38 @@ fn ensure_cached() {
 	assert_eq!(state.root().hex(), "0ce23f3c809de377b008a4a3ee94a0834aac8bec1f86e28ffe4fdb5a15b0c785");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn snapshot_basic() {
+	let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
+	let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
+	let a = Address::zero();
+	state.snapshot();
+	state.add_balance(&a, &U256::from(69u64));
+	assert_eq!(state.balance(&a), U256::from(69u64));
+	state.clear_snapshot();
+	assert_eq!(state.balance(&a), U256::from(69u64));
+	state.snapshot();
+	state.add_balance(&a, &U256::from(1u64));
+	assert_eq!(state.balance(&a), U256::from(70u64));
+	state.revert_snapshot();
+	assert_eq!(state.balance(&a), U256::from(69u64));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn snapshot_nested() {
+	let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
+	let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
+	let a = Address::zero();
+	state.snapshot();
+	state.snapshot();
+	state.add_balance(&a, &U256::from(69u64));
+	assert_eq!(state.balance(&a), U256::from(69u64));
+	state.clear_snapshot();
+	assert_eq!(state.balance(&a), U256::from(69u64));
+	state.revert_snapshot();
+	assert_eq!(state.balance(&a), U256::from(0));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn create_empty() {
 	let mut state_result = get_temp_state();

ethcore/src/state_diff.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use util::*;
 #[cfg(test)]
 use pod_state::*;

ethcore/src/substate.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Execution environment substate.
 use common::*;
 

ethcore/src/tests/helpers.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 #[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
 use client::{BlockChainClient, Client};
 use std::env;
@@ -48,17 +64,21 @@ impl Drop for RandomTempPath {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub struct GuardedTempResult<T> {
-	result: T,
+	result: Option<T>,
 	_temp: RandomTempPath
 }
 
 impl<T> GuardedTempResult<T> {
     pub fn reference(&self) -> &T {
-        &self.result
+        self.result.as_ref().unwrap()
     }
 
     pub fn reference_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
-    	&mut self.result
+    	self.result.as_mut().unwrap()
+    }
+
+	pub fn take(&mut self) -> T {
+		self.result.take().unwrap()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -103,12 +123,12 @@ fn create_unverifiable_block(order: u32, parent_hash: H256) -> Bytes {
 	create_test_block(&create_unverifiable_block_header(order, parent_hash))
 }
 
-pub fn create_test_block_with_data(header: &Header, transactions: &[&Transaction], uncles: &[Header]) -> Bytes {
+pub fn create_test_block_with_data(header: &Header, transactions: &[&SignedTransaction], uncles: &[Header]) -> Bytes {
 	let mut rlp = RlpStream::new_list(3);
 	rlp.append(header);
 	rlp.begin_list(transactions.len());
 	for t in transactions {
-		rlp.append_raw(&t.rlp_bytes_opt(Seal::With), 1);
+		rlp.append_raw(&encode::<SignedTransaction>(t).to_vec(), 1);
 	}
 	rlp.append(&uncles);
 	rlp.out()
@@ -150,7 +170,7 @@ pub fn generate_dummy_client(block_number: u32) -> GuardedTempResult<Arc<Client>
 
 	GuardedTempResult::<Arc<Client>> {
 		_temp: dir,
-		result: client
+		result: Some(client)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -168,7 +188,7 @@ pub fn get_test_client_with_blocks(blocks: Vec<Bytes>) -> GuardedTempResult<Arc<
 
 	GuardedTempResult::<Arc<Client>> {
 		_temp: dir,
-		result: client
+		result: Some(client)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -181,7 +201,7 @@ pub fn generate_dummy_blockchain(block_number: u32) -> GuardedTempResult<BlockCh
 
 	GuardedTempResult::<BlockChain> {
 		_temp: temp,
-		result: bc
+		result: Some(bc)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -194,7 +214,7 @@ pub fn generate_dummy_blockchain_with_extra(block_number: u32) -> GuardedTempRes
 
 	GuardedTempResult::<BlockChain> {
 		_temp: temp,
-		result: bc
+		result: Some(bc)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -204,7 +224,7 @@ pub fn generate_dummy_empty_blockchain() -> GuardedTempResult<BlockChain> {
 
 	GuardedTempResult::<BlockChain> {
 		_temp: temp,
-		result: bc
+		result: Some(bc)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -214,7 +234,7 @@ pub fn get_temp_journal_db() -> GuardedTempResult<JournalDB> {
 	let journal_db = JournalDB::new(db);
 	GuardedTempResult {
 		_temp: temp,
-		result: journal_db
+		result: Some(journal_db)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -223,7 +243,7 @@ pub fn get_temp_state() -> GuardedTempResult<State> {
 	let journal_db = get_temp_journal_db_in(temp.as_path());
 	GuardedTempResult {
 	    _temp: temp,
-		result: State::new(journal_db, U256::from(0u8))
+		result: Some(State::new(journal_db, U256::from(0u8)))
 	}
 }
 

ethcore/src/tests/mod.rs

@@ -1 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 pub mod helpers;

ethcore/src/transaction.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Transaction data structure.
 
 use util::*;
-use basic_types::*;
 use error::*;
 use evm::Schedule;
 
@@ -18,6 +33,16 @@ impl Default for Action {
 	fn default() -> Action { Action::Create }
 }
 
+impl Decodable for Action {
+	fn decode<D>(decoder: &D) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> where D: Decoder {
+		let rlp = decoder.as_rlp();
+		match rlp.is_empty() {
+			true => Ok(Action::Create),
+			false => Ok(Action::Call(try!(rlp.as_val())))
+		} 
+	}
+}
+
 /// A set of information describing an externally-originating message call
 /// or contract creation operation.
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
@@ -34,103 +59,27 @@ pub struct Transaction {
 	pub value: U256,
 	/// Transaction data.
 	pub data: Bytes,
-
-	// signature
-	/// The V field of the signature, either 27 or 28; helps describe the point on the curve.
-	pub v: u8,
-	/// The R field of the signature; helps describe the point on the curve.
-	pub r: U256,
-	/// The S field of the signature; helps describe the point on the curve.
-	pub s: U256,
-
-	hash: RefCell<Option<H256>>,
-	sender: RefCell<Option<Address>>,
 }
 
 impl Transaction {
-	/// Create a new transaction.
+	/// Append object with a without signature into RLP stream
-	#[cfg(test)]
+	pub fn rlp_append_unsigned_transaction(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
-	#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
+		s.begin_list(6);
-	pub fn new() -> Self {
-		Transaction {
-			nonce: x!(0),
-			gas_price: x!(0),
-			gas: x!(0),
-			action: Action::Create,
-			value: x!(0),
-			data: vec![],
-			v: 0,
-			r: x!(0),
-			s: x!(0),
-			hash: RefCell::new(None),
-			sender: RefCell::new(None),
-		}
-	}
-
-	/// Create a new message-call transaction.
-	#[allow(dead_code)]
-	pub fn new_call(to: Address, value: U256, data: Bytes, gas: U256, gas_price: U256, nonce: U256) -> Transaction {
-		Transaction {
-			nonce: nonce,
-			gas_price: gas_price,
-			gas: gas,
-			action: Action::Call(to),
-			value: value,
-			data: data,
-			v: 0,
-			r: x!(0),
-			s: x!(0),
-			hash: RefCell::new(None),
-			sender: RefCell::new(None),
-		}
-	}
-
-	/// Create a new contract-creation transaction.
-	#[cfg(test)]
-	pub fn new_create(value: U256, data: Bytes, gas: U256, gas_price: U256, nonce: U256) -> Transaction {
-		Transaction {
-			nonce: nonce,
-			gas_price: gas_price,
-			gas: gas,
-			action: Action::Create,
-			value: value,
-			data: data,
-			v: 0,
-			r: x!(0),
-			s: x!(0),
-			hash: RefCell::new(None),
-			sender: RefCell::new(None),
-		}
-	}
-
-	/// Append object into RLP stream, optionally with or without the signature.
-	pub fn rlp_append_opt(&self, s: &mut RlpStream, with_seal: Seal) {
-		s.begin_list(6 + match with_seal { Seal::With => 3, _ => 0 });
 		s.append(&self.nonce);
 		s.append(&self.gas_price);
 		s.append(&self.gas);
 		match self.action {
 			Action::Create => s.append_empty_data(),
-			Action::Call(ref to) => s.append(to),
+			Action::Call(ref to) => s.append(to)
 		};
 		s.append(&self.value);
 		s.append(&self.data);
-		if let Seal::With = with_seal {
-			s.append(&(self.v as u16)).append(&self.r).append(&self.s);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/// Get the RLP serialisation of the object, optionally with or without the signature.
-	pub fn rlp_bytes_opt(&self, with_seal: Seal) -> Bytes {
-		let mut s = RlpStream::new();
-		self.rlp_append_opt(&mut s, with_seal);
-		s.out()
 	}
 }
 
-impl FromJson for Transaction {
+impl FromJson for SignedTransaction {
-	fn from_json(json: &Json) -> Transaction {
+	fn from_json(json: &Json) -> SignedTransaction {
-		let mut r = Transaction {
+		let t = Transaction {
 			nonce: xjson!(&json["nonce"]),
 			gas_price: xjson!(&json["gasPrice"]),
 			gas: xjson!(&json["gasLimit"]),
@@ -140,6 +89,11 @@ impl FromJson for Transaction {
 			},
 			value: xjson!(&json["value"]),
 			data: xjson!(&json["data"]),
+		};
+		match json.find("secretKey") {
+			Some(&Json::String(ref secret_key)) => t.sign(&h256_from_hex(clean(secret_key))),
+			_ => SignedTransaction {
+				unsigned: t,
 				v: match json.find("v") { Some(ref j) => u16::from_json(j) as u8, None => 0 },
 				r: match json.find("r") { Some(j) => xjson!(j), None => x!(0) },
 				s: match json.find("s") { Some(j) => xjson!(j), None => x!(0) },
@@ -147,20 +101,133 @@ impl FromJson for Transaction {
 				sender: match json.find("sender") {
 					Some(&Json::String(ref sender)) => RefCell::new(Some(address_from_hex(clean(sender)))),
 					_ => RefCell::new(None),
-			},
-		};
-		if let Some(&Json::String(ref secret_key)) = json.find("secretKey") {
-			r.sign(&h256_from_hex(clean(secret_key)));
 				}
-		r
 			}
-}
+		}
-
+	}
-impl Encodable for Transaction {
-	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) { self.rlp_append_opt(s, Seal::With) }
 }
 
 impl Transaction {
+	/// The message hash of the transaction.
+	pub fn hash(&self) -> H256 { 
+		let mut stream = RlpStream::new();
+		self.rlp_append_unsigned_transaction(&mut stream);
+		stream.out().sha3()
+	}
+
+	/// Signs the transaction as coming from `sender`.
+	pub fn sign(self, secret: &Secret) -> SignedTransaction {
+		let sig = ec::sign(secret, &self.hash());
+		let (r, s, v) = sig.unwrap().to_rsv();
+		SignedTransaction {
+			unsigned: self,
+			r: r,
+			s: s,
+			v: v + 27,
+			hash: RefCell::new(None),
+			sender: RefCell::new(None)
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Useful for test incorrectly signed transactions.
+	#[cfg(test)]
+	pub fn fake_sign(self) -> SignedTransaction {
+		SignedTransaction {
+			unsigned: self,
+			r: U256::zero(),
+			s: U256::zero(),
+			v: 0,
+			hash: RefCell::new(None),
+			sender: RefCell::new(None)
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Get the transaction cost in gas for the given params.
+	pub fn gas_required_for(is_create: bool, data: &[u8], schedule: &Schedule) -> u64 {
+		data.iter().fold(
+			(if is_create {schedule.tx_create_gas} else {schedule.tx_gas}) as u64,
+			|g, b| g + (match *b { 0 => schedule.tx_data_zero_gas, _ => schedule.tx_data_non_zero_gas }) as u64
+		)
+	}
+
+	/// Get the transaction cost in gas for this transaction.
+	pub fn gas_required(&self, schedule: &Schedule) -> u64 {
+		Self::gas_required_for(match self.action{Action::Create=>true, Action::Call(_)=>false}, &self.data, schedule)
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct SignedTransaction {
+	/// Plain Transaction.
+	unsigned: Transaction,
+	/// The V field of the signature, either 27 or 28; helps describe the point on the curve.
+	v: u8,
+	/// The R field of the signature; helps describe the point on the curve.
+	r: U256,
+	/// The S field of the signature; helps describe the point on the curve.
+	s: U256,
+	/// Cached hash.
+	hash: RefCell<Option<H256>>,
+	/// Cached sender.
+	sender: RefCell<Option<Address>>
+}
+
+impl Deref for SignedTransaction {
+	type Target = Transaction;
+
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+		&self.unsigned
+	}
+}
+
+impl Decodable for SignedTransaction {
+	fn decode<D>(decoder: &D) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> where D: Decoder {
+		let d = decoder.as_rlp();
+		if d.item_count() != 9 {
+			return Err(DecoderError::RlpIncorrectListLen);
+		}
+		Ok(SignedTransaction {
+			unsigned: Transaction {
+				nonce: try!(d.val_at(0)),
+				gas_price: try!(d.val_at(1)),
+				gas: try!(d.val_at(2)),
+				action: try!(d.val_at(3)),
+				value: try!(d.val_at(4)),
+				data: try!(d.val_at(5)),
+			},
+			v: try!(d.val_at(6)),
+			r: try!(d.val_at(7)),
+			s: try!(d.val_at(8)),
+			hash: RefCell::new(None),
+			sender: RefCell::new(None),
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+impl Encodable for SignedTransaction {
+	fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) { self.rlp_append_sealed_transaction(s) }
+}
+
+impl SignedTransaction {
+	/// Append object with a signature into RLP stream
+	pub fn rlp_append_sealed_transaction(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
+		s.begin_list(9);
+		s.append(&self.nonce);
+		s.append(&self.gas_price);
+		s.append(&self.gas);
+		match self.action {
+			Action::Create => s.append_empty_data(),
+			Action::Call(ref to) => s.append(to)
+		};
+		s.append(&self.value);
+		s.append(&self.data);
+		s.append(&self.v);
+		s.append(&self.r);
+		s.append(&self.s);
+	}
+
 	/// Get the hash of this header (sha3 of the RLP).
 	pub fn hash(&self) -> H256 {
  		let mut hash = self.hash.borrow_mut();
@@ -179,48 +246,6 @@ impl Transaction {
 	/// Construct a signature object from the sig.
 	pub fn signature(&self) -> Signature { Signature::from_rsv(&From::from(&self.r), &From::from(&self.s), self.standard_v()) }
 
-	/// The message hash of the transaction.
-	pub fn message_hash(&self) -> H256 { self.rlp_bytes_opt(Seal::Without).sha3() }
-
-	/// Returns transaction sender.
-	pub fn sender(&self) -> Result<Address, Error> {
- 		let mut sender = self.sender.borrow_mut();
- 		match &mut *sender {
- 			&mut Some(ref h) => Ok(h.clone()),
- 			sender @ &mut None => {
- 				*sender = Some(From::from(try!(ec::recover(&self.signature(), &self.message_hash())).sha3()));
- 				Ok(sender.as_ref().unwrap().clone())
- 			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/// Signs the transaction as coming from `sender`.
-	pub fn sign(&mut self, secret: &Secret) {
-		// TODO: make always low.
-		let sig = ec::sign(secret, &self.message_hash());
-		let (r, s, v) = sig.unwrap().to_rsv();
-		self.r = r;
-		self.s = s;
-		self.v = v + 27;
-	}
-
-	/// Signs the transaction as coming from `sender`.
-	#[cfg(test)]
-	pub fn signed(self, secret: &Secret) -> Transaction { let mut r = self; r.sign(secret); r }
-
-	/// Get the transaction cost in gas for the given params.
-	pub fn gas_required_for(is_create: bool, data: &[u8], schedule: &Schedule) -> u64 {
-		data.iter().fold(
-			(if is_create {schedule.tx_create_gas} else {schedule.tx_gas}) as u64,
-			|g, b| g + (match *b { 0 => schedule.tx_data_zero_gas, _ => schedule.tx_data_non_zero_gas }) as u64
-		)
-	}
-
-	/// Get the transaction cost in gas for this transaction.
-	pub fn gas_required(&self, schedule: &Schedule) -> u64 {
-		Self::gas_required_for(match self.action{Action::Create=>true, Action::Call(_)=>false}, &self.data, schedule)
-	}
-
 	/// Checks whether the signature has a low 's' value.
 	pub fn check_low_s(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
 		if !ec::is_low_s(&self.s) {
@@ -230,11 +255,23 @@ impl Transaction {
 		}
 	}
 
+	/// Returns transaction sender.
+	pub fn sender(&self) -> Result<Address, Error> {
+ 		let mut sender = self.sender.borrow_mut();
+ 		match &mut *sender {
+ 			&mut Some(ref h) => Ok(h.clone()),
+ 			sender @ &mut None => {
+ 				*sender = Some(From::from(try!(ec::recover(&self.signature(), &self.unsigned.hash())).sha3()));
+ 				Ok(sender.as_ref().unwrap().clone())
+ 			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	/// Do basic validation, checking for valid signature and minimum gas,
 	// TODO: consider use in block validation.
 	#[cfg(test)]
 	#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
-	pub fn validate(self, schedule: &Schedule, require_low: bool) -> Result<Transaction, Error> {
+	pub fn validate(self, schedule: &Schedule, require_low: bool) -> Result<SignedTransaction, Error> {
 		if require_low && !ec::is_low_s(&self.s) {
 			return Err(Error::Util(UtilError::Crypto(CryptoError::InvalidSignature)));
 		}
@@ -247,42 +284,9 @@ impl Transaction {
 	}
 }
 
-impl Decodable for Action {
-	fn decode<D>(decoder: &D) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> where D: Decoder {
-		let rlp = decoder.as_rlp();
-		if rlp.is_empty() {
-			Ok(Action::Create)
-		} else {
-			Ok(Action::Call(try!(rlp.as_val())))
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl Decodable for Transaction {
-	fn decode<D>(decoder: &D) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> where D: Decoder {
-		let d = decoder.as_rlp();
-		if d.item_count() != 9 {
-			return Err(DecoderError::RlpIncorrectListLen);
-		}
-		Ok(Transaction {
-			nonce: try!(d.val_at(0)),
-			gas_price: try!(d.val_at(1)),
-			gas: try!(d.val_at(2)),
-			action: try!(d.val_at(3)),
-			value: try!(d.val_at(4)),
-			data: try!(d.val_at(5)),
-			v: try!(d.val_at(6)),
-			r: try!(d.val_at(7)),
-			s: try!(d.val_at(8)),
-			hash: RefCell::new(None),
-			sender: RefCell::new(None),
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn sender_test() {
-	let t: Transaction = decode(&FromHex::from_hex("f85f800182520894095e7baea6a6c7c4c2dfeb977efac326af552d870a801ba048b55bfa915ac795c431978d8a6a992b628d557da5ff759b307d495a36649353a0efffd310ac743f371de3b9f7f9cb56c0b28ad43601b4ab949f53faa07bd2c804").unwrap());
+	let t: SignedTransaction = decode(&FromHex::from_hex("f85f800182520894095e7baea6a6c7c4c2dfeb977efac326af552d870a801ba048b55bfa915ac795c431978d8a6a992b628d557da5ff759b307d495a36649353a0efffd310ac743f371de3b9f7f9cb56c0b28ad43601b4ab949f53faa07bd2c804").unwrap());
 	assert_eq!(t.data, b"");
 	assert_eq!(t.gas, U256::from(0x5208u64));
 	assert_eq!(t.gas_price, U256::from(0x01u64));
@@ -297,6 +301,13 @@ fn sender_test() {
 #[test]
 fn signing() {
 	let key = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
-	let t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(42u64), b"Hello!".to_vec(), U256::from(3000u64), U256::from(50_000u64), U256::from(1u64)).signed(&key.secret());
+	let t = Transaction {
+		action: Action::Create,
+		nonce: U256::from(42),
+		gas_price: U256::from(3000),
+		gas: U256::from(50_000),
+		value: U256::from(1),
+		data: b"Hello!".to_vec()
+	}.sign(&key.secret());
 	assert_eq!(Address::from(key.public().sha3()), t.sender().unwrap());
 }

ethcore/src/verification.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 /// Block and transaction verification functions
 ///
 /// Block verification is done in 3 steps
@@ -14,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct PreVerifiedBlock {
 	/// Populated block header
 	pub header: Header,
 	/// Populated block transactions
-	pub transactions: Vec<Transaction>,
+	pub transactions: Vec<SignedTransaction>,
 	/// Block bytes
 	pub bytes: Bytes,
 }
@@ -220,7 +236,6 @@ mod tests {
 	use engine::*;
 	use spec::*;
 	use transaction::*;
-	use basic_types::*;
 	use tests::helpers::*;
 
 	fn check_ok(result: Result<(), Error>) {
@@ -309,8 +324,26 @@ mod tests {
 		good.timestamp = 40;
 		good.number = 10;
 
-		let tr1 = Transaction::new_create(x!(0), Bytes::new(), x!(30000), x!(40000), x!(1));
+		let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
-		let tr2 = Transaction::new_create(x!(0), Bytes::new(), x!(30000), x!(40000), x!(2));
+
+		let tr1 = Transaction {
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: U256::from(0),
+			data: Bytes::new(),
+			gas: U256::from(30_000),
+			gas_price: U256::from(40_000),
+			nonce: U256::one()
+		}.sign(&keypair.secret());
+
+		let tr2 = Transaction {
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: U256::from(0),
+			data: Bytes::new(),
+			gas: U256::from(30_000),
+			gas_price: U256::from(40_000),
+			nonce: U256::from(2)
+		}.sign(&keypair.secret());
+
 		let good_transactions = [ &tr1, &tr2 ];
 
 		let diff_inc = U256::from(0x40);
@@ -346,7 +379,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut uncles_rlp = RlpStream::new();
 		uncles_rlp.append(&good_uncles);
 		let good_uncles_hash = uncles_rlp.as_raw().sha3();
-		let good_transactions_root = ordered_trie_root(good_transactions.iter().map(|t| t.rlp_bytes_opt(Seal::With)).collect());
+		let good_transactions_root = ordered_trie_root(good_transactions.iter().map(|t| encode::<SignedTransaction>(t).to_vec()).collect());
 
 		let mut parent = good.clone();
 		parent.number = 9;

ethcore/src/views.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Block oriented views onto rlp.
 use util::*;
 use header::*;
@@ -135,7 +151,7 @@ impl<'a> BlockView<'a> {
 	}
 
 	/// Return List of transactions in given block.
-	pub fn transactions(&self) -> Vec<Transaction> {
+	pub fn transactions(&self) -> Vec<SignedTransaction> {
 		self.rlp.val_at(1)
 	}
 

evmjit/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Bare rust wrapper around evmjit.
 //! 
 //! Requires latest version of Ethereum EVM JIT. https://github.com/debris/evmjit

install-deps.sh

@@ -385,7 +385,6 @@ function run_installer()
 		find_gcc
 
 		find_apt
-		find_docker
 	}
 
 	function find_rocksdb()
@@ -519,23 +518,6 @@ function run_installer()
 		fi
 	}
 
-	function find_docker()
-	{
-		depCount=$((depCount+1))
-		DOCKER_PATH=`which docker 2>/dev/null`
-
-		if [[ -f $DOCKER_PATH ]]
-		then
-			depFound=$((depFound+1))
-			check "docker"
-			echo "$($DOCKER_PATH -v)"
-			isDocker=true
-		else
-			isDocker=false
-			uncheck "docker is missing"
-		fi
-	}
-
 	function ubuntu1404_rocksdb_installer()
 	{
 		sudo apt-get update -qq
@@ -644,15 +626,22 @@ function run_installer()
 		git submodule init
 		git submodule update
 		
-		info "Building & testing Parity..."
+		info "Building..."
-		cargo test --release -p ethcore-util
+		cargo build --release
-
+		cd ..
-		info "Running consensus tests..."
-		cargo test --release --features ethcore/json-tests -p ethcore
 
 		echo
-		info "Parity source code is in $(pwd)/parity"
+		successHeading "Parity is built!"
-		info "Run a client with: ${b}cargo run --release${reset}"
+		info "Parity source code is in ${b}$(pwd)/parity${reset}. From there, you can:"
+		info "- Run a client & sync the chain with:"
+		info "    ${b}cargo run --release${reset}"
+		info "- Run a JSONRPC-capable client (for use with netstats) with:"
+		info "    ${b}cargo run --release -- -j --jsonrpc-url 127.0.0.1:8545${reset}"
+		info "- Run tests with:"
+		info "    ${b}cargo test --release --features ethcore/json-tests -p ethcore${reset}"
+		info "- Install the client with:"
+		info "    ${b}sudo cp parity/target/release/parity${reset}"
+		echo
 	}
 
 	function install_netstats()

license_header

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+

parity/main.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethcore client application.
 
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
@@ -12,6 +28,7 @@ extern crate ethsync;
 extern crate log as rlog;
 extern crate env_logger;
 extern crate ctrlc;
+extern crate fdlimit;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "rpc")]
 extern crate ethcore_rpc as rpc;
@@ -79,6 +96,7 @@ fn main() {
 	let args: Args = Args::docopt().decode().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit());
 
 	setup_log(&args.flag_logging);
+	unsafe { ::fdlimit::raise_fd_limit(); }
 
 	let spec = ethereum::new_frontier();
 	let init_nodes = match args.arg_enode.len() {

rpc/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethcore rpc.
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
 #![feature(custom_derive, custom_attribute, plugin)]

rpc/src/v1/impls/eth.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Eth rpc implementation.
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use jsonrpc_core::*;

rpc/src/v1/impls/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethereum rpc interface implementation.
 mod web3;
 mod eth;

rpc/src/v1/impls/net.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Net rpc implementation.
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use jsonrpc_core::*;

rpc/src/v1/impls/web3.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Web3 rpc implementation.
 use target_info::Target;
 use jsonrpc_core::*;

rpc/src/v1/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethcore rpc v1.
 //! 
 //! Compliant with ethereum rpc.

rpc/src/v1/traits/eth.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Eth rpc interface.
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use jsonrpc_core::*;

rpc/src/v1/traits/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Ethereum rpc interfaces.
 
 macro_rules! rpc_unimplemented {

rpc/src/v1/traits/net.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Net rpc interface.
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use jsonrpc_core::*;

rpc/src/v1/traits/web3.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Web3 rpc interface.
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use jsonrpc_core::*;

rpc/src/v1/types/block.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use util::hash::*;
 use util::uint::*;
 

rpc/src/v1/types/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 mod block;
 
 pub use self::block::Block;

sync/src/chain.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 /// 
 /// BlockChain synchronization strategy.
 /// Syncs to peers and keeps up to date. 

sync/src/io.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use ethcore::client::BlockChainClient;
 use util::{NetworkContext, PeerId, PacketId,};
 use util::error::UtilError;

sync/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
 #![feature(plugin)]
 #![plugin(clippy)]

sync/src/range_collection.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 /// This module defines a trait for a collection of ranged values and an implementation
 /// for this trait over sorted vector.
 

sync/src/tests/chain.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use util::*;
 use ethcore::client::{BlockChainClient};
 use io::SyncIo;

sync/src/tests/helpers.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use util::*;
 use ethcore::client::{BlockChainClient, BlockStatus, TreeRoute, BlockChainInfo};
 use ethcore::block_queue::BlockQueueInfo;

sync/src/tests/mod.rs

@@ -1,2 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 pub mod helpers;
 mod chain;

util/benches/rlp.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! benchmarking for rlp
 //! should be started with:
 //! ```bash

util/benches/trie.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 #![feature(test)]
 
 extern crate test;

util/fdlimit/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+description = "Utility function to raise file descriptor limit on OS X"
+homepage = "http://ethcore.io"
+license = "GPL-3.0"
+name = "fdlimit"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Ethcore <admin@ethcore.io>"]
+
+[dependencies]
+libc = "0.2"

util/fdlimit/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+// 
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+// 
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+// 
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.extern crate libc;
+extern crate libc;
+pub mod raise_fd_limit;
+pub use raise_fd_limit::raise_fd_limit;

util/fdlimit/src/raise_fd_limit.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+/// darwin_fd_limit exists to work around an issue where launchctl on Mac OS X
+/// defaults the rlimit maxfiles to 256/unlimited. The default soft limit of 256
+/// ends up being far too low for our multithreaded scheduler testing, depending
+/// on the number of cores available.
+///
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+pub unsafe fn raise_fd_limit() {
+    use libc;
+    use std::cmp;
+    use std::io;
+    use std::mem::size_of_val;
+    use std::ptr::null_mut;
+
+    static CTL_KERN: libc::c_int = 1;
+    static KERN_MAXFILESPERPROC: libc::c_int = 29;
+
+    // The strategy here is to fetch the current resource limits, read the
+    // kern.maxfilesperproc sysctl value, and bump the soft resource limit for
+    // maxfiles up to the sysctl value.
+
+    // Fetch the kern.maxfilesperproc value
+    let mut mib: [libc::c_int; 2] = [CTL_KERN, KERN_MAXFILESPERPROC];
+    let mut maxfiles: libc::c_int = 0;
+    let mut size: libc::size_t = size_of_val(&maxfiles) as libc::size_t;
+    if libc::sysctl(&mut mib[0], 2, &mut maxfiles as *mut _ as *mut _, &mut size,
+              null_mut(), 0) != 0 {
+        let err = io::Error::last_os_error();
+        panic!("raise_fd_limit: error calling sysctl: {}", err);
+    }
+
+    // Fetch the current resource limits
+    let mut rlim = libc::rlimit{rlim_cur: 0, rlim_max: 0};
+    if libc::getrlimit(libc::RLIMIT_NOFILE, &mut rlim) != 0 {
+        let err = io::Error::last_os_error();
+        panic!("raise_fd_limit: error calling getrlimit: {}", err);
+    }
+
+    // Bump the soft limit to the smaller of kern.maxfilesperproc and the hard
+    // limit
+    rlim.rlim_cur = cmp::min(maxfiles as libc::rlim_t, rlim.rlim_max);
+
+    // Set our newly-increased resource limit
+    if libc::setrlimit(libc::RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) != 0 {
+        let err = io::Error::last_os_error();
+        panic!("raise_fd_limit: error calling setrlimit: {}", err);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios")))]
+pub unsafe fn raise_fd_limit() {}

util/json-tests/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 extern crate rustc_serialize;
 extern crate glob;
 

util/json-tests/src/rlp.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! json rlp tests
 use rustc_serialize::*;
 use super::{JsonTest, JsonLoader};

util/json-tests/src/trie.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! json trie tests
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use rustc_serialize::*;

util/json-tests/src/util.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 use rustc_serialize::hex::FromHex;
 
 pub fn hex_or_string(s: &str) -> Vec<u8> {

util/sha3/build.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
  // build.rs
 
 // Bring in a dependency on an externally maintained `gcc` package which manages

util/sha3/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 extern {
 	pub fn sha3_256(out: *mut u8, outlen: usize, input: *const u8, inputlen: usize) -> i32;
 	pub fn sha3_512(out: *mut u8, outlen: usize, input: *const u8, inputlen: usize) -> i32;

util/src/bytes.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Unified interfaces for bytes operations on basic types
 //!
 //! # Examples

util/src/chainfilter.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Multilevel blockchain bloom filter.
 //! 
 //! ```

util/src/common.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 //! Utils common types and macros global reexport.
 
 pub use standard::*;