Merge branch 'master' of github.com:gavofyork/ethcore into client

Cargo.toml

@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ evmjit = { path = "rust-evmjit", optional = true }
 ethash = { path = "ethash" }
 
 [features]
-default = ["jit"]
 jit = ["evmjit"]
+evm_debug = []

res/ethereum/frontier.json

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 	"engineName": "Ethash",
 	"params": {
 		"accountStartNonce": "0x00",
-		"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0xfffa2990",
+		"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0xDBBA0",
 		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
 		"tieBreakingGas": false,
 		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",

res/ethereum/frontier_like_test.json

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+	"engineName": "Frontier (Test)",
+	"engineName": "Ethash",
+	"params": {
+		"accountStartNonce": "0x00",
+		"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0x0dbba0",
+		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
+		"tieBreakingGas": false,
+		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+		"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
+		"minimumDifficulty": "0x020000",
+		"difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x0800",
+		"durationLimit": "0x0d",
+		"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
+		"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
+		"networkID" : "0x1"
+	},
+	"genesis": {
+		"nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
+		"difficulty": "0x400000000",
+		"mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"timestamp": "0x00",
+		"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa",
+		"gasLimit": "0x1388"
+	},
+	"accounts": {
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "builtin": { "name": "identity", "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } }
+	}
+}

res/ethereum/homestead_test.json

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 	"engineName": "Ethash",
 	"params": {
 		"accountStartNonce": "0x00",
-		"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0xffffffff",
+		"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0",
 		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
 		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
 		"tieBreakingGas": false,

res/ethereum/morden.json

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 	"engineName": "Ethash",
 	"params": {
 		"accountStartNonce": "0x0100000",
-		"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0xfffa2990",
+		"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0xDBBA0",
 		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
 		"tieBreakingGas": false,
 		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",

res/ethereum/olympic.json

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 	"engineName": "Ethash",
 	"params": {
 		"accountStartNonce": "0x00",
-		"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0xffffffff",
+		"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0xffffffffffffffff",
 		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x0400",
 		"tieBreakingGas": false,
 		"minGasLimit": "125000",

src/blockchain.rs

@@ -248,6 +248,13 @@ impl BlockChain {
 		bc
 	}
 
+	/// Ensure that the best block does indeed have a state_root in the state DB.
+	/// If it doesn't, then rewind down until we find one that does and delete data to ensure that
+	/// later blocks will be reimported. 
+	pub fn ensure_good(&mut self, _state: &OverlayDB) {
+		unimplemented!();
+	}
+
 	/// Returns a tree route between `from` and `to`, which is a tuple of:
 	///
 	/// - a vector of hashes of all blocks, ordered from `from` to `to`.

src/client.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use util::*;
-use rocksdb::{DB};
+use rocksdb::{Options, DB};
+use rocksdb::DBCompactionStyle::DBUniversalCompaction;
 use blockchain::{BlockChain, BlockProvider};
 use views::BlockView;
 use error::*;
@@ -111,19 +112,42 @@ impl Client {
 	/// Create a new client with given spec and DB path.
 	pub fn new(spec: Spec, path: &Path, message_channel: IoChannel<NetSyncMessage> ) -> Result<Client, Error> {
 		let chain = Arc::new(RwLock::new(BlockChain::new(&spec.genesis_block(), path)));
-		let engine = Arc::new(try!(spec.to_engine()));
+		let mut opts = Options::new();
+		opts.create_if_missing(true);
+		opts.set_max_open_files(256);
+		opts.set_use_fsync(false);
+		opts.set_bytes_per_sync(8388608);
+		opts.set_disable_data_sync(false);
+		opts.set_block_cache_size_mb(1024);
+		opts.set_table_cache_num_shard_bits(6);
+		opts.set_max_write_buffer_number(32);
+		opts.set_write_buffer_size(536870912);
+		opts.set_target_file_size_base(1073741824);
+		opts.set_min_write_buffer_number_to_merge(4);
+		opts.set_level_zero_stop_writes_trigger(2000);
+		opts.set_level_zero_slowdown_writes_trigger(0);
+		opts.set_compaction_style(DBUniversalCompaction);
+		opts.set_max_background_compactions(4);
+		opts.set_max_background_flushes(4);
+		opts.set_filter_deletes(false);
+		opts.set_disable_auto_compactions(true);		
+
 		let mut state_path = path.to_path_buf();
 		state_path.push("state");
-		let db = DB::open_default(state_path.to_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
+		let db = DB::open(&opts, state_path.to_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
 		let mut state_db = OverlayDB::new(db);
+		
+		let engine = Arc::new(try!(spec.to_engine()));
 		engine.spec().ensure_db_good(&mut state_db);
 		state_db.commit().expect("Error commiting genesis state to state DB");
 
+//		chain.write().unwrap().ensure_good(&state_db);
+
 		Ok(Client {
-			chain: chain.clone(),
+			chain: chain,
 			engine: engine.clone(),
 			state_db: state_db,
-			queue: BlockQueue::new(engine.clone(), message_channel),
+			queue: BlockQueue::new(engine, message_channel),
 		})
 	}
 

src/engine.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use common::*;
 use block::Block;
 use spec::Spec;
 use evm::Schedule;
+use evm::Factory;
 
 /// A consensus mechanism for the chain. Generally either proof-of-work or proof-of-stake-based.
 /// Provides hooks into each of the major parts of block import.
@@ -22,6 +23,9 @@ pub trait Engine : Sync + Send {
 	/// Get the general parameters of the chain.
 	fn spec(&self) -> &Spec;
 
+	/// Get current EVM factory
+	fn vm_factory(&self) -> &Factory;
+
 	/// Get the EVM schedule for the given `env_info`.
 	fn schedule(&self, env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule;
 
@@ -50,6 +54,7 @@ pub trait Engine : Sync + Send {
 	/// Additional verification for transactions in blocks.
 	// TODO: Add flags for which bits of the transaction to check.
 	// TODO: consider including State in the params.
+	fn verify_transaction_basic(&self, _t: &Transaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> { Ok(()) }
 	fn verify_transaction(&self, _t: &Transaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> { Ok(()) }
 
 	/// Don't forget to call Super::populateFromParent when subclassing & overriding.

src/ethereum/ethash.rs

@@ -6,23 +6,47 @@ use block::*;
 use spec::*;
 use engine::*;
 use evm::Schedule;
+use evm::Factory;
 
 /// Engine using Ethash proof-of-work consensus algorithm, suitable for Ethereum
 /// mainnet chains in the Olympic, Frontier and Homestead eras.
 pub struct Ethash {
 	spec: Spec,
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 	pow: EthashManager,
+=======
+	factory: Factory,
+	u64_params: RwLock<HashMap<String, u64>>,
+	u256_params: RwLock<HashMap<String, U256>>,
+>>>>>>> a350aae82b00d2bee0e6be8017d38b644121d3e9
 }
 
 impl Ethash {
 	pub fn new_boxed(spec: Spec) -> Box<Engine> {
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 		Box::new(Ethash {
 			spec: spec,
 			pow: EthashManager::new(),
+=======
+		Box::new(Ethash{
+			spec: spec,
+			// TODO [todr] should this return any specific factory?
+			factory: Factory::default(),
+			u64_params: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
+			u256_params: RwLock::new(HashMap::new())
+>>>>>>> a350aae82b00d2bee0e6be8017d38b644121d3e9
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn u256_param(&self, name: &str) -> U256 { self.spec().engine_params.get(name).map(|a| decode(&a)).unwrap_or(U256::from(0u64)) }
+	fn u64_param(&self, name: &str) -> u64 {
+		*self.u64_params.write().unwrap().entry(name.to_string()).or_insert_with(||
+			self.spec().engine_params.get(name).map(|a| decode(&a)).unwrap_or(0u64))
+	}
+
+	fn u256_param(&self, name: &str) -> U256 {
+		*self.u256_params.write().unwrap().entry(name.to_string()).or_insert_with(||
+			self.spec().engine_params.get(name).map(|a| decode(&a)).unwrap_or(x!(0)))
+	}
 }
 
 impl Engine for Ethash {
@@ -36,7 +60,17 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 	/// Additional engine-specific information for the user/developer concerning `header`.
 	fn extra_info(&self, _header: &Header) -> HashMap<String, String> { HashMap::new() }
 	fn spec(&self) -> &Spec { &self.spec }
-	fn schedule(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule { Schedule::new_frontier() }
+
+	fn vm_factory(&self) -> &Factory {
+		&self.factory
+	}
+
+	fn schedule(&self, env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule {
+		match env_info.number < self.u64_param("frontierCompatibilityModeLimit") {
+			true => Schedule::new_frontier(),
+			_ => Schedule::new_homestead(),
+		}
+	}
 
 	fn populate_from_parent(&self, header: &mut Header, parent: &Header) {
 		header.difficulty = self.calculate_difficuty(header, parent);
@@ -71,7 +105,7 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 		fields.state.commit();
 	}
 
-	fn verify_block_basic(&self, header: &Header,  _block: Option<&[u8]>) -> result::Result<(), Error> {
+	fn verify_block_basic(&self, header: &Header, _block: Option<&[u8]>) -> result::Result<(), Error> {
 		let min_difficulty = decode(self.spec().engine_params.get("minimumDifficulty").unwrap());
 		if header.difficulty < min_difficulty {
 			return Err(From::from(BlockError::InvalidDifficulty(Mismatch { expected: min_difficulty, found: header.difficulty })))
@@ -114,7 +148,12 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn verify_transaction(&self, _t: &Transaction, _header: &Header) -> result::Result<(), Error> { Ok(()) }
+	fn verify_transaction_basic(&self, t: &Transaction, header: &Header) -> result::Result<(), Error> {
+		if header.number() >= self.u64_param("frontierCompatibilityModeLimit") {
+			try!(t.check_low_s());
+		}
+		Ok(())
+	}
 }
 
 impl Ethash {
@@ -124,10 +163,10 @@ impl Ethash {
 			panic!("Can't calculate genesis block difficulty");
 		}
 
-		let min_difficulty = decode(self.spec().engine_params.get("minimumDifficulty").unwrap());
-		let difficulty_bound_divisor = decode(self.spec().engine_params.get("difficultyBoundDivisor").unwrap());
-		let duration_limit: u64 = decode(self.spec().engine_params.get("durationLimit").unwrap());
-		let frontier_limit = decode(self.spec().engine_params.get("frontierCompatibilityModeLimit").unwrap());
+		let min_difficulty = self.u256_param("minimumDifficulty");
+		let difficulty_bound_divisor = self.u256_param("difficultyBoundDivisor");
+		let duration_limit = self.u64_param("durationLimit");
+		let frontier_limit = self.u64_param("frontierCompatibilityModeLimit");
 		let mut target = if header.number < frontier_limit {
 			if header.timestamp >= parent.timestamp + duration_limit {
 				parent.difficulty - (parent.difficulty / difficulty_bound_divisor) 

src/ethereum/mod.rs

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ pub fn new_frontier_test() -> Spec { Spec::from_json_utf8(include_bytes!("../../
 /// Create a new Homestead chain spec as though it never changed from Frontier.
 pub fn new_homestead_test() -> Spec { Spec::from_json_utf8(include_bytes!("../../res/ethereum/homestead_test.json")) }
 
+/// Create a new Frontier main net chain spec without genesis accounts.
+pub fn new_frontier_like_test() -> Spec { Spec::from_json_utf8(include_bytes!("../../res/ethereum/frontier_like_test.json")) }
+
 /// Create a new Morden chain spec.
 pub fn new_morden() -> Spec { Spec::from_json_utf8(include_bytes!("../../res/ethereum/morden.json")) }
 

src/evm/evm.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,28 @@ pub enum Error {
 	/// was invalid. Balance still should be transfered and nonce
 	/// should be increased.
 	OutOfGas,
+	/// `BadJumpDestination` is returned when execution tried to move
+	/// to position that wasn't marked with JUMPDEST instruction
+	BadJumpDestination {
+		destination: usize
+	},
+	/// `BadInstructions` is returned when given instruction is not supported
+	BadInstruction {
+		instruction: u8,
+	},
+	/// `StackUnderflow` when there is not enough stack elements to execute instruction
+	/// First parameter says how many elements were needed and the second how many were actually on Stack
+	StackUnderflow {
+		instruction: &'static str,
+		wanted: usize, 
+		on_stack: usize
+	},
+	/// When execution would exceed defined Stack Limit
+	OutOfStack {
+		instruction: &'static str,
+		wanted: usize, 
+		limit: usize
+	},
 	/// Returned on evm internal error. Should never be ignored during development.
 	/// Likely to cause consensus issues.
 	Internal,
@@ -25,5 +47,5 @@ pub type Result = result::Result<U256, Error>;
 /// Evm interface.
 pub trait Evm {
 	/// This function should be used to execute transaction.
-	fn exec(&self, params: &ActionParams, ext: &mut Ext) -> Result;
+	fn exec(&self, params: ActionParams, ext: &mut Ext) -> Result;
 }

src/evm/ext.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,40 @@
 //! Interface for Evm externalities.
 
+use common::Bytes;
 use util::hash::*;
 use util::uint::*;
-use util::bytes::*;
 use evm::{Schedule, Error};
 use env_info::*;
 
+/// Result of externalities create function.
+pub enum ContractCreateResult {
+	/// Returned when creation was successfull.
+	/// Contains an address of newly created contract and gas left.
+	Created(Address, U256),
+	/// Returned when contract creation failed.
+	/// VM doesn't have to know the reason.
+	Failed
+}
+
+/// Result of externalities call function.
+pub enum MessageCallResult {
+	/// Returned when message call was successfull.
+	/// Contains gas left.
+	Success(U256),
+	/// Returned when message call failed.
+	/// VM doesn't have to know the reason.
+	Failed
+}
+
 pub trait Ext {
 	/// Returns a value for given key.
 	fn storage_at(&self, key: &H256) -> H256;
 
 	/// Stores a value for given key.
-	fn set_storage_at(&mut self, key: H256, value: H256);
+	fn set_storage(&mut self, key: H256, value: H256);
+
+	/// Determine whether an account exists.
+	fn exists(&self, address: &Address) -> bool;
 
 	/// Returns address balance.
 	fn balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U256;
@@ -22,7 +45,7 @@ pub trait Ext {
 	/// Creates new contract.
 	/// 
 	/// Returns gas_left and contract address if contract creation was succesfull.
-	fn create(&mut self, gas: &U256, value: &U256, code: &[u8]) -> (U256, Option<Address>);
+	fn create(&mut self, gas: &U256, value: &U256, code: &[u8]) -> ContractCreateResult;
 
 	/// Message call.
 	/// 
@@ -31,18 +54,17 @@ pub trait Ext {
 	/// and true if subcall was successfull.
 	fn call(&mut self, 
 			gas: &U256, 
-			call_gas: &U256, 
-			receive_address: &Address, 
+			address: &Address, 
 			value: &U256, 
 			data: &[u8], 
 			code_address: &Address, 
-			output: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(U256, bool), Error>;
+			output: &mut [u8]) -> MessageCallResult;
 
 	/// Returns code at given address
-	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Vec<u8>;
+	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Bytes;
 
 	/// Creates log entry with given topics and data
-	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: Bytes);
+	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: &[u8]);
 
 	/// Should be called when transaction calls `RETURN` opcode.
 	/// Returns gas_left if cost of returning the data is not too high.
@@ -57,4 +79,13 @@ pub trait Ext {
 
 	/// Returns environment info.
 	fn env_info(&self) -> &EnvInfo;
+
+	/// Returns current depth of execution.
+	/// 
+	/// If contract A calls contract B, and contract B calls C,
+	/// then A depth is 0, B is 1, C is 2 and so on.
+	fn depth(&self) -> usize;
+
+	/// Increments sstore refunds count by 1.
+	fn inc_sstore_clears(&mut self);
 }

src/evm/factory.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,123 @@
 //! Evm factory.
-
+use std::fmt;
 use evm::Evm;
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum VMType {
+	Jit,
+	Interpreter
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for VMType {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+		write!(f, "{}", match *self {
+			VMType::Jit => "JIT",
+			VMType::Interpreter => "INT"
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+impl VMType {
+	/// Return all possible VMs (JIT, Interpreter)
+	#[cfg(feature="jit")]
+	pub fn all() -> Vec<VMType> {
+		vec![VMType::Jit, VMType::Interpreter]
+	}
+
+	/// Return all possible VMs (Interpreter)
+	#[cfg(not(feature="jit"))]
+	pub fn all() -> Vec<VMType> {
+		vec![VMType::Interpreter]
+	}
+}
+
 /// Evm factory. Creates appropriate Evm.
-pub struct Factory;
+pub struct Factory {
+	evm : VMType
+}
 
 impl Factory {
-	/// Returns jit vm
+	/// Create fresh instance of VM
+	pub fn create(&self) -> Box<Evm> {
+		match self.evm {
+			VMType::Jit => {
+				Factory::jit()
+			},
+			VMType::Interpreter => {
+				Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter)
+			}
+		}	
+	}
+
+	/// Create new instance of specific `VMType` factory
+	pub fn new(evm: VMType) -> Factory {
+		Factory {
+			evm: evm
+		}
+	}
+
 	#[cfg(feature = "jit")]
-	pub fn create() -> Box<Evm> {
+	fn jit() -> Box<Evm> {
 		Box::new(super::jit::JitEvm)
 	}
 
-	/// Returns native rust evm
 	#[cfg(not(feature = "jit"))]
-	pub fn create() -> Box<Evm> {
-		unimplemented!();
+	fn jit() -> Box<Evm> {
+		unimplemented!()
+	}
+
+	/// Returns jitvm factory
+	#[cfg(feature = "jit")]
+	pub fn default() -> Factory {
+		Factory {
+			evm: VMType::Jit
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Returns native rust evm factory
+	#[cfg(not(feature = "jit"))]
+	pub fn default() -> Factory {
+		Factory {
+			evm: VMType::Interpreter
+		}
 	}
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_create_vm() {
-	let _vm = Factory::create();
+	let _vm = Factory::default().create();
 }
+
+/// Create tests by injecting different VM factories
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! evm_test(
+	($name_test: ident: $name_jit: ident, $name_int: ident) => {
+		#[test]
+		#[cfg(feature = "jit")]
+		fn $name_jit() {
+			$name_test(Factory::new(VMType::Jit));
+		}
+		#[test]
+		fn $name_int() {
+			$name_test(Factory::new(VMType::Interpreter));
+		}
+	}
+);
+
+/// Create ignored tests by injecting different VM factories
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! evm_test_ignore(
+	($name_test: ident: $name_jit: ident, $name_int: ident) => {
+		#[test]
+		#[ignore]
+		#[cfg(feature = "jit")]
+		fn $name_jit() {
+			$name_test(Factory::new(VMType::Jit));
+		}
+		#[test]
+		#[ignore]
+		fn $name_int() {
+			$name_test(Factory::new(VMType::Interpreter));
+		}
+	}
+);

src/evm/instructions.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+//! VM Instructions list and utility functions
+
+pub type Instruction = u8;
+
+/// Returns true if given instruction is `PUSHN` instruction.
+pub fn is_push(i: Instruction) -> bool {
+	i >= PUSH1 && i <= PUSH32
+}
+
+/// Returns number of bytes to read for `PUSHN` instruction
+/// PUSH1 -> 1
+pub fn get_push_bytes(i: Instruction) -> usize {
+	assert!(is_push(i), "Only for PUSH instructions.");
+	(i - PUSH1 + 1) as usize
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_get_push_bytes() {
+	assert_eq!(get_push_bytes(PUSH1), 1);
+	assert_eq!(get_push_bytes(PUSH3), 3);
+	assert_eq!(get_push_bytes(PUSH32), 32);
+}
+
+/// Returns stack position of item to duplicate
+/// DUP1 -> 0
+pub fn get_dup_position(i: Instruction) -> usize {
+	assert!(i >= DUP1 && i <= DUP16);
+	(i - DUP1) as usize
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_get_dup_position() {
+	assert_eq!(get_dup_position(DUP1), 0);
+	assert_eq!(get_dup_position(DUP5), 4);
+	assert_eq!(get_dup_position(DUP10), 9);
+}
+
+/// Returns stack position of item to SWAP top with
+/// SWAP1 -> 1
+pub fn get_swap_position(i: Instruction) -> usize {
+	assert!(i >= SWAP1 && i <= SWAP16);
+	(i - SWAP1 + 1) as usize
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_get_swap_position() {
+	assert_eq!(get_swap_position(SWAP1), 1);
+	assert_eq!(get_swap_position(SWAP5), 5);
+	assert_eq!(get_swap_position(SWAP10), 10);
+}
+
+/// Returns number of topcis to take from stack
+/// LOG0 -> 0
+pub fn get_log_topics (i: Instruction) -> usize {
+	assert!(i >= LOG0 && i <= LOG4);
+	(i - LOG0) as usize
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_get_log_topics() {
+	assert_eq!(get_log_topics(LOG0), 0);
+	assert_eq!(get_log_topics(LOG2), 2);
+	assert_eq!(get_log_topics(LOG4), 4);
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq)]
+pub enum GasPriceTier {
+	/// 0 Zero
+	Zero,
+	/// 2 Quick
+	Base,
+	/// 3 Fastest
+	VeryLow,
+	/// 5 Fast
+	Low,
+	/// 8 Mid
+	Mid,
+	/// 10 Slow
+	High,
+	/// 20 Ext
+	Ext,
+	/// Multiparam or otherwise special
+	Special,
+	/// Invalid
+	Invalid
+}
+
+/// Returns the index in schedule for specific `GasPriceTier`
+pub fn get_tier_idx (tier: GasPriceTier) -> usize {
+	match tier {
+		GasPriceTier::Zero => 0,
+		GasPriceTier::Base => 1,
+		GasPriceTier::VeryLow => 2,
+		GasPriceTier::Low => 3,
+		GasPriceTier::Mid => 4,
+		GasPriceTier::High => 5,
+		GasPriceTier::Ext => 6,
+		GasPriceTier::Special => 7,
+		GasPriceTier::Invalid => 8
+	}
+}
+
+pub struct InstructionInfo {
+	pub name: &'static str,
+	pub additional: usize,
+	pub args: usize,
+	pub ret: usize,
+	pub side_effects: bool,
+	pub tier: GasPriceTier
+}
+impl InstructionInfo {
+	pub fn new(name: &'static str, additional: usize, args: usize, ret: usize, side_effects: bool, tier: GasPriceTier) -> InstructionInfo {
+		InstructionInfo {
+			name: name,
+			additional: additional,
+			args: args,
+			ret: ret,
+			side_effects: side_effects,
+			tier: tier
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/// Return details about specific instruction
+pub fn get_info (instruction: Instruction) -> InstructionInfo {
+	match instruction {
+		STOP => 		InstructionInfo::new("STOP",			0, 0, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Zero),
+		ADD => 			InstructionInfo::new("ADD",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SUB => 			InstructionInfo::new("SUB",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		MUL => 			InstructionInfo::new("MUL",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Low),
+		DIV => 			InstructionInfo::new("DIV",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Low),
+		SDIV => 		InstructionInfo::new("SDIV",			0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Low),
+		MOD => 			InstructionInfo::new("MOD",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Low),
+		SMOD => 		InstructionInfo::new("SMOD",			0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Low),
+		EXP => 			InstructionInfo::new("EXP",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		NOT => 			InstructionInfo::new("NOT",				0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		LT => 			InstructionInfo::new("LT",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		GT => 			InstructionInfo::new("GT",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SLT => 			InstructionInfo::new("SLT",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SGT => 			InstructionInfo::new("SGT",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		EQ => 			InstructionInfo::new("EQ",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		ISZERO => 		InstructionInfo::new("ISZERO",			0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		AND => 			InstructionInfo::new("AND",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		OR => 			InstructionInfo::new("OR",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		XOR => 			InstructionInfo::new("XOR",				0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		BYTE => 		InstructionInfo::new("BYTE",			0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		ADDMOD => 		InstructionInfo::new("ADDMOD",			0, 3, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Mid),
+		MULMOD => 		InstructionInfo::new("MULMOD",			0, 3, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Mid),
+		SIGNEXTEND => 	InstructionInfo::new("SIGNEXTEND",		0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Low),
+		SHA3 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SHA3",			0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		ADDRESS => 		InstructionInfo::new("ADDRESS",			0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		BALANCE => 		InstructionInfo::new("BALANCE",			0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Ext),
+		ORIGIN => 		InstructionInfo::new("ORIGIN",			0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		CALLER => 		InstructionInfo::new("CALLER",			0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		CALLVALUE => 	InstructionInfo::new("CALLVALUE",		0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		CALLDATALOAD => InstructionInfo::new("CALLDATALOAD",	0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		CALLDATASIZE => InstructionInfo::new("CALLDATASIZE",	0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		CALLDATACOPY => InstructionInfo::new("CALLDATACOPY",	0, 3, 0, true, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		CODESIZE => 	InstructionInfo::new("CODESIZE",		0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		CODECOPY => 	InstructionInfo::new("CODECOPY",		0, 3, 0, true, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		GASPRICE => 	InstructionInfo::new("GASPRICE",		0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		EXTCODESIZE => 	InstructionInfo::new("EXTCODESIZE",		0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Ext),
+		EXTCODECOPY => 	InstructionInfo::new("EXTCODECOPY",		0, 4, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Ext),
+		BLOCKHASH => 	InstructionInfo::new("BLOCKHASH",		0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Ext),
+		COINBASE => 	InstructionInfo::new("COINBASE",		0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		TIMESTAMP => 	InstructionInfo::new("TIMESTAMP",		0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		NUMBER => 		InstructionInfo::new("NUMBER",			0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		DIFFICULTY => 	InstructionInfo::new("DIFFICULTY",		0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		GASLIMIT => 	InstructionInfo::new("GASLIMIT",		0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		POP => 			InstructionInfo::new("POP",				0, 1, 0, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		MLOAD => 		InstructionInfo::new("MLOAD",			0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		MSTORE => 		InstructionInfo::new("MSTORE",			0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		MSTORE8 => 		InstructionInfo::new("MSTORE8",			0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SLOAD => 		InstructionInfo::new("SLOAD",			0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		SSTORE => 		InstructionInfo::new("SSTORE",			0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		JUMP => 		InstructionInfo::new("JUMP",			0, 1, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Mid),
+		JUMPI => 		InstructionInfo::new("JUMPI",			0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::High),
+		PC => 			InstructionInfo::new("PC",				0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		MSIZE => 		InstructionInfo::new("MSIZE",			0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		GAS => 			InstructionInfo::new("GAS",				0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::Base),
+		JUMPDEST => 	InstructionInfo::new("JUMPDEST",		0, 0, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		PUSH1 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH1",			1, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH2 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH2",			2, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH3 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH3",			3, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH4 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH4",			4, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH5 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH5",			5, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH6 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH6",			6, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH7 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH7",			7, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH8 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH8",			8, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH9 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH9",			9, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH10 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH10",			10, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH11 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH11",			11, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH12 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH12",			12, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH13 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH13",			13, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH14 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH14",			14, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH15 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH15",			15, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH16 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH16",			16, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH17 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH17",			17, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH18 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH18",			18, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH19 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH19",			19, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH20 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH20",			20, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH21 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH21",			21, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH22 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH22",			22, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH23 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH23",			23, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH24 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH24",			24, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH25 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH25",			25, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH26 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH26",			26, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH27 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH27",			27, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH28 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH28",			28, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH29 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH29",			29, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH30 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH30",			30, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH31 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH31",			31, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		PUSH32 => 		InstructionInfo::new("PUSH32",			32, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP1 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP1",			0, 1, 2, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP2 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP2",			0, 2, 3, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP3 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP3",			0, 3, 4, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP4 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP4",			0, 4, 5, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP5 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP5",			0, 5, 6, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP6 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP6",			0, 6, 7, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP7 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP7",			0, 7, 8, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP8 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP8",			0, 8, 9, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP9 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP9",			0, 9, 10, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP10 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP10",			0, 10, 11, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP11 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP11",			0, 11, 12, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP12 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP12",			0, 12, 13, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP13 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP13",			0, 13, 14, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP14 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP14",			0, 14, 15, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP15 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP15",			0, 15, 16, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		DUP16 => 		InstructionInfo::new("DUP16",			0, 16, 17, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP1 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP1",			0, 2, 2, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP2 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP2",			0, 3, 3, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP3 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP3",			0, 4, 4, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP4 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP4",			0, 5, 5, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP5 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP5",			0, 6, 6, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP6 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP6",			0, 7, 7, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP7 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP7",			0, 8, 8, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP8 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP8",			0, 9, 9, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP9 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP9",			0, 10, 10, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP10 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP10",			0, 11, 11, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP11 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP11",			0, 12, 12, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP12 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP12",			0, 13, 13, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP13 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP13",			0, 14, 14, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP14 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP14",			0, 15, 15, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP15 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP15",			0, 16, 16, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		SWAP16 => 		InstructionInfo::new("SWAP16",			0, 17, 17, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLow),
+		LOG0 => 		InstructionInfo::new("LOG0",			0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		LOG1 => 		InstructionInfo::new("LOG1",			0, 3, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		LOG2 => 		InstructionInfo::new("LOG2",			0, 4, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		LOG3 => 		InstructionInfo::new("LOG3",			0, 5, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		LOG4 => 		InstructionInfo::new("LOG4",			0, 6, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		CREATE => 		InstructionInfo::new("CREATE",			0, 3, 1, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		CALL => 		InstructionInfo::new("CALL",			0, 7, 1, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		CALLCODE => 	InstructionInfo::new("CALLCODE",		0, 7, 1, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		RETURN => 		InstructionInfo::new("RETURN",			0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Zero),
+		DELEGATECALL => InstructionInfo::new("DELEGATECALL",	0, 6, 1, true, GasPriceTier::Special),
+		SUICIDE => 		InstructionInfo::new("SUICIDE",			0, 1, 0, true, GasPriceTier::Zero),
+		_ => InstructionInfo::new("INVALID_INSTRUCTION", 0, 0, 0, false, GasPriceTier::Invalid)
+	}
+}
+
+/// Virtual machine bytecode instruction.
+/// halts execution
+pub const STOP: Instruction = 0x00;
+/// addition operation
+pub const ADD: Instruction = 0x01;
+/// mulitplication operation
+pub const MUL: Instruction = 0x02;
+/// subtraction operation
+pub const SUB: Instruction = 0x03;
+/// integer division operation
+pub const DIV: Instruction = 0x04;
+/// signed integer division operation
+pub const SDIV: Instruction = 0x05;
+/// modulo remainder operation
+pub const MOD: Instruction = 0x06;
+/// signed modulo remainder operation
+pub const SMOD: Instruction = 0x07;
+/// unsigned modular addition
+pub const ADDMOD: Instruction = 0x08;
+/// unsigned modular multiplication
+pub const MULMOD: Instruction = 0x09;
+/// exponential operation
+pub const EXP: Instruction = 0x0a;
+/// extend length of signed integer
+pub const SIGNEXTEND: Instruction = 0x0b;
+
+/// less-than comparision
+pub const LT: Instruction = 0x10;		
+/// greater-than comparision
+pub const GT: Instruction = 0x11;
+/// signed less-than comparision
+pub const SLT: Instruction = 0x12;
+/// signed greater-than comparision
+pub const SGT: Instruction = 0x13;
+/// equality comparision
+pub const EQ: Instruction = 0x14;
+/// simple not operator
+pub const ISZERO: Instruction = 0x15;
+/// bitwise AND operation
+pub const AND: Instruction = 0x16;
+/// bitwise OR operation
+pub const OR: Instruction = 0x17;
+/// bitwise XOR operation
+pub const XOR: Instruction = 0x18;
+/// bitwise NOT opertation
+pub const NOT: Instruction = 0x19;
+/// retrieve single byte from word
+pub const BYTE: Instruction = 0x1a;
+
+/// compute SHA3-256 hash
+pub const SHA3: Instruction = 0x20;	
+
+/// get address of currently executing account
+pub const ADDRESS: Instruction = 0x30;	
+/// get balance of the given account
+pub const BALANCE: Instruction = 0x31;
+/// get execution origination address
+pub const ORIGIN: Instruction = 0x32;
+/// get caller address
+pub const CALLER: Instruction = 0x33;
+/// get deposited value by the instruction/transaction responsible for this execution
+pub const CALLVALUE: Instruction = 0x34;
+/// get input data of current environment
+pub const CALLDATALOAD: Instruction = 0x35;
+/// get size of input data in current environment
+pub const CALLDATASIZE: Instruction = 0x36;
+/// copy input data in current environment to memory
+pub const CALLDATACOPY: Instruction = 0x37;
+/// get size of code running in current environment
+pub const CODESIZE: Instruction = 0x38;
+/// copy code running in current environment to memory
+pub const CODECOPY: Instruction = 0x39;
+/// get price of gas in current environment
+pub const GASPRICE: Instruction = 0x3a;
+/// get external code size (from another contract)
+pub const EXTCODESIZE: Instruction = 0x3b;
+/// copy external code (from another contract)
+pub const EXTCODECOPY: Instruction = 0x3c;
+
+/// get hash of most recent complete block
+pub const BLOCKHASH: Instruction = 0x40;
+/// get the block's coinbase address
+pub const COINBASE: Instruction = 0x41;
+/// get the block's timestamp
+pub const TIMESTAMP: Instruction = 0x42;
+/// get the block's number
+pub const NUMBER: Instruction = 0x43;
+/// get the block's difficulty
+pub const DIFFICULTY: Instruction = 0x44;
+/// get the block's gas limit
+pub const GASLIMIT: Instruction = 0x45;
+
+/// remove item from stack
+pub const POP: Instruction = 0x50;		
+/// load word from memory
+pub const MLOAD: Instruction = 0x51;
+/// save word to memory
+pub const MSTORE: Instruction = 0x52;
+/// save byte to memory
+pub const MSTORE8: Instruction = 0x53;
+/// load word from storage
+pub const SLOAD: Instruction = 0x54;
+/// save word to storage
+pub const SSTORE: Instruction = 0x55;
+/// alter the program counter
+pub const JUMP: Instruction = 0x56;
+/// conditionally alter the program counter
+pub const JUMPI: Instruction = 0x57;
+/// get the program counter
+pub const PC: Instruction = 0x58;
+/// get the size of active memory
+pub const MSIZE: Instruction = 0x59;
+/// get the amount of available gas
+pub const GAS: Instruction = 0x5a;
+/// set a potential jump destination
+pub const JUMPDEST: Instruction = 0x5b;
+
+/// place 1 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH1: Instruction = 0x60;	
+/// place 2 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH2: Instruction = 0x61;
+/// place 3 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH3: Instruction = 0x62;
+/// place 4 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH4: Instruction = 0x63;
+/// place 5 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH5: Instruction = 0x64;
+/// place 6 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH6: Instruction = 0x65;
+/// place 7 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH7: Instruction = 0x66;
+/// place 8 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH8: Instruction = 0x67;
+/// place 9 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH9: Instruction = 0x68;
+/// place 10 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH10: Instruction = 0x69;
+/// place 11 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH11: Instruction = 0x6a;
+/// place 12 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH12: Instruction = 0x6b;
+/// place 13 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH13: Instruction = 0x6c;
+/// place 14 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH14: Instruction = 0x6d;
+/// place 15 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH15: Instruction = 0x6e;
+/// place 16 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH16: Instruction = 0x6f;
+/// place 17 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH17: Instruction = 0x70;
+/// place 18 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH18: Instruction = 0x71;
+/// place 19 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH19: Instruction = 0x72;
+/// place 20 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH20: Instruction = 0x73;
+/// place 21 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH21: Instruction = 0x74;
+/// place 22 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH22: Instruction = 0x75;
+/// place 23 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH23: Instruction = 0x76;
+/// place 24 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH24: Instruction = 0x77;
+/// place 25 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH25: Instruction = 0x78;
+/// place 26 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH26: Instruction = 0x79;
+/// place 27 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH27: Instruction = 0x7a;
+/// place 28 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH28: Instruction = 0x7b;
+/// place 29 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH29: Instruction = 0x7c;
+/// place 30 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH30: Instruction = 0x7d;
+/// place 31 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH31: Instruction = 0x7e;
+/// place 32 byte item on stack
+pub const PUSH32: Instruction = 0x7f;
+
+/// copies the highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP1: Instruction = 0x80;	
+/// copies the second highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP2: Instruction = 0x81;
+/// copies the third highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP3: Instruction = 0x82;
+/// copies the 4th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP4: Instruction = 0x83;
+/// copies the 5th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP5: Instruction = 0x84;
+/// copies the 6th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP6: Instruction = 0x85;
+/// copies the 7th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP7: Instruction = 0x86;
+/// copies the 8th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP8: Instruction = 0x87;
+/// copies the 9th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP9: Instruction = 0x88;
+/// copies the 10th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP10: Instruction = 0x89;
+/// copies the 11th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP11: Instruction = 0x8a;
+/// copies the 12th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP12: Instruction = 0x8b;
+/// copies the 13th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP13: Instruction = 0x8c;
+/// copies the 14th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP14: Instruction = 0x8d;
+/// copies the 15th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP15: Instruction = 0x8e;
+/// copies the 16th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
+pub const DUP16: Instruction = 0x8f;
+
+/// swaps the highest and second highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP1: Instruction = 0x90;	
+/// swaps the highest and third highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP2: Instruction = 0x91;
+/// swaps the highest and 4th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP3: Instruction = 0x92;
+/// swaps the highest and 5th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP4: Instruction = 0x93;
+/// swaps the highest and 6th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP5: Instruction = 0x94;
+/// swaps the highest and 7th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP6: Instruction = 0x95;
+/// swaps the highest and 8th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP7: Instruction = 0x96;
+/// swaps the highest and 9th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP8: Instruction = 0x97;
+/// swaps the highest and 10th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP9: Instruction = 0x98;
+/// swaps the highest and 11th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP10: Instruction = 0x99;
+/// swaps the highest and 12th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP11: Instruction = 0x9a;
+/// swaps the highest and 13th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP12: Instruction = 0x9b;
+/// swaps the highest and 14th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP13: Instruction = 0x9c;
+/// swaps the highest and 15th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP14: Instruction = 0x9d;
+/// swaps the highest and 16th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP15: Instruction = 0x9e;
+/// swaps the highest and 17th highest value on the stack
+pub const SWAP16: Instruction = 0x9f;
+
+/// Makes a log entry; no topics.
+pub const LOG0: Instruction = 0xa0;	
+/// Makes a log entry; 1 topic.
+pub const LOG1: Instruction = 0xa1;
+/// Makes a log entry; 2 topics.
+pub const LOG2: Instruction = 0xa2;
+/// Makes a log entry; 3 topics.
+pub const LOG3: Instruction = 0xa3;
+/// Makes a log entry; 4 topics.
+pub const LOG4: Instruction = 0xa4;
+/// Maximal number of topics for log instructions
+pub const MAX_NO_OF_TOPICS : usize = 4;
+
+/// create a new account with associated code
+pub const CREATE: Instruction = 0xf0;	
+/// message-call into an account
+pub const CALL: Instruction = 0xf1;
+/// message-call with another account's code only
+pub const CALLCODE: Instruction = 0xf2;
+/// halt execution returning output data
+pub const RETURN: Instruction = 0xf3;
+/// like CALLCODE but keeps caller's value and sender
+pub const DELEGATECALL: Instruction = 0xf4;
+/// halt execution and register account for later deletion
+pub const SUICIDE: Instruction = 0xff;	
+

src/evm/jit.rs

@@ -3,43 +3,6 @@ use common::*;
 use evmjit;
 use evm;
 
-/// Ethcore representation of evmjit runtime data.
-struct RuntimeData {
-	gas: U256,
-	gas_price: U256,
-	call_data: Vec<u8>,
-	address: Address,
-	caller: Address,
-	origin: Address,
-	call_value: U256,
-	author: Address,
-	difficulty: U256,
-	gas_limit: U256,
-	number: u64,
-	timestamp: u64,
-	code: Vec<u8>
-}
-
-impl RuntimeData {
-	fn new() -> RuntimeData {
-		RuntimeData {
-			gas: U256::zero(),
-			gas_price: U256::zero(),
-			call_data: vec![],
-			address: Address::new(),
-			caller: Address::new(),
-			origin: Address::new(),
-			call_value: U256::zero(),
-			author: Address::new(),
-			difficulty: U256::zero(),
-			gas_limit: U256::zero(),
-			number: 0,
-			timestamp: 0,
-			code: vec![]
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 /// Should be used to convert jit types to ethcore
 trait FromJit<T>: Sized {
 	fn from_jit(input: T) -> Self;
@@ -126,64 +89,42 @@ impl IntoJit<evmjit::H256> for Address {
 	}
 }
 
-impl IntoJit<evmjit::RuntimeDataHandle> for RuntimeData {
-	fn into_jit(self) -> evmjit::RuntimeDataHandle {
-		let mut data = evmjit::RuntimeDataHandle::new();
-		assert!(self.gas <= U256::from(u64::max_value()), "evmjit gas must be lower than 2 ^ 64");
-		assert!(self.gas_price <= U256::from(u64::max_value()), "evmjit gas_price must be lower than 2 ^ 64");
-		data.gas = self.gas.low_u64() as i64;
-		data.gas_price = self.gas_price.low_u64() as i64;
-		data.call_data = self.call_data.as_ptr();
-		data.call_data_size = self.call_data.len() as u64;
-		mem::forget(self.call_data);
-		data.address = self.address.into_jit();
-		data.caller = self.caller.into_jit();
-		data.origin = self.origin.into_jit();
-		data.call_value = self.call_value.into_jit();
-		data.author = self.author.into_jit();
-		data.difficulty = self.difficulty.into_jit();
-		data.gas_limit = self.gas_limit.into_jit();
-		data.number = self.number;
-		data.timestamp = self.timestamp as i64;
-		data.code = self.code.as_ptr();
-		data.code_size = self.code.len() as u64;
-		data.code_hash = self.code.sha3().into_jit();
-		mem::forget(self.code);
-		data
-	}
-}
-
 /// Externalities adapter. Maps callbacks from evmjit to externalities trait.
 /// 
 /// Evmjit doesn't have to know about children execution failures. 
 /// This adapter 'catches' them and moves upstream.
 struct ExtAdapter<'a> {
 	ext: &'a mut evm::Ext,
-	err: &'a mut Option<evm::Error>
+	address: Address
 }
 
 impl<'a> ExtAdapter<'a> {
-	fn new(ext: &'a mut evm::Ext, err: &'a mut Option<evm::Error>) -> Self {
+	fn new(ext: &'a mut evm::Ext, address: Address) -> Self {
 		ExtAdapter {
 			ext: ext,
-			err: err
+			address: address
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 impl<'a> evmjit::Ext for ExtAdapter<'a> {
-	fn sload(&self, index: *const evmjit::I256, out_value: *mut evmjit::I256) {
+	fn sload(&self, key: *const evmjit::I256, out_value: *mut evmjit::I256) {
 		unsafe {
-			let i = H256::from_jit(&*index);
+			let i = H256::from_jit(&*key);
 			let o = self.ext.storage_at(&i);
 			*out_value = o.into_jit();
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn sstore(&mut self, index: *const evmjit::I256, value: *const evmjit::I256) {
-		unsafe {
-			self.ext.set_storage_at(H256::from_jit(&*index), H256::from_jit(&*value));
+	fn sstore(&mut self, key: *const evmjit::I256, value: *const evmjit::I256) {
+		let key = unsafe { H256::from_jit(&*key) };
+		let value = unsafe { H256::from_jit(&*value) };
+		let old_value = self.ext.storage_at(&key);
+		// if SSTORE nonzero -> zero, increment refund count
+		if !old_value.is_zero() && value.is_zero() {
+			self.ext.inc_sstore_clears();
 		}
+		self.ext.set_storage(key, value);
 	}
 
 	fn balance(&self, address: *const evmjit::H256, out_value: *mut evmjit::I256) {
@@ -204,17 +145,29 @@ impl<'a> evmjit::Ext for ExtAdapter<'a> {
 
 	fn create(&mut self,
 			  io_gas: *mut u64,
-			  endowment: *const evmjit::I256,
+			  value: *const evmjit::I256,
 			  init_beg: *const u8,
 			  init_size: u64,
 			  address: *mut evmjit::H256) {
-		unsafe {
-			let (gas_left, opt_addr) = self.ext.create(&U256::from(*io_gas), &U256::from_jit(&*endowment), slice::from_raw_parts(init_beg, init_size as usize));
-			*io_gas = gas_left.low_u64();
-			*address = match opt_addr {
-				Some(addr) => addr.into_jit(),
-				_ => Address::new().into_jit()
-			};
+			
+		let gas = unsafe { U256::from(*io_gas) };
+		let value = unsafe { U256::from_jit(&*value) };
+		let code = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(init_beg, init_size as usize) };
+
+		// check if balance is sufficient and we are not too deep
+		if self.ext.balance(&self.address) >= value && self.ext.depth() < self.ext.schedule().max_depth {
+			match self.ext.create(&gas, &value, code) {
+				evm::ContractCreateResult::Created(new_address, gas_left) => unsafe {
+					*address = new_address.into_jit();
+					*io_gas = gas_left.low_u64();
+				},
+				evm::ContractCreateResult::Failed => unsafe {
+					*address = Address::new().into_jit();
+					*io_gas = 0;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			unsafe { *address = Address::new().into_jit(); }
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -228,31 +181,56 @@ impl<'a> evmjit::Ext for ExtAdapter<'a> {
 				out_beg: *mut u8,
 				out_size: u64,
 				code_address: *const evmjit::H256) -> bool {
-		unsafe {
-			let res = self.ext.call(&U256::from(*io_gas), 
-									&U256::from(call_gas), 
-									&Address::from_jit(&*receive_address),
-									&U256::from_jit(&*value),
-									slice::from_raw_parts(in_beg, in_size as usize),
-									&Address::from_jit(&*code_address),
-									slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_beg, out_size as usize));
-			match res {
-				Ok((gas_left, ok)) => {
-					*io_gas = gas_left.low_u64();
-					ok
-				}
-				Err(evm::Error::OutOfGas) => {
-					// hack to propagate out_of_gas to evmjit.
-					// must be negative
-					*io_gas = -1i64 as u64;
-					false
-				},
-				Err(err) => {
-					// internal error.
-					*self.err = Some(err);
-					*io_gas = -1i64 as u64;
-					false
-				}
+
+		let mut gas = unsafe { U256::from(*io_gas) };
+		let mut call_gas = U256::from(call_gas);
+		let mut gas_cost = call_gas;
+		let receive_address = unsafe { Address::from_jit(&*receive_address) };
+		let code_address = unsafe { Address::from_jit(&*code_address) };
+		let value = unsafe { U256::from_jit(&*value) };
+
+		// receive address and code address are the same in normal calls
+		let is_callcode = receive_address != code_address;
+		if !is_callcode && !self.ext.exists(&code_address) {
+			gas_cost = gas_cost + U256::from(self.ext.schedule().call_new_account_gas);
+		}
+
+		if value > U256::zero() {
+			assert!(self.ext.schedule().call_value_transfer_gas > self.ext.schedule().call_stipend, "overflow possible");
+			gas_cost = gas_cost + U256::from(self.ext.schedule().call_value_transfer_gas);
+			call_gas = call_gas + U256::from(self.ext.schedule().call_stipend);
+		}
+
+		if gas_cost > gas {
+			unsafe {
+				*io_gas = -1i64 as u64;
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		gas = gas - gas_cost;
+
+		// check if balance is sufficient and we are not too deep
+		if self.ext.balance(&self.address) < value || self.ext.depth() >= self.ext.schedule().max_depth {
+			unsafe {
+				*io_gas = (gas + call_gas).low_u64();
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		match self.ext.call(&call_gas, 
+					  &receive_address, 
+					  &value, 
+					  unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(in_beg, in_size as usize) },
+					  &code_address,
+					  unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_beg, out_size as usize) }) {
+			evm::MessageCallResult::Success(gas_left) => unsafe {
+				*io_gas = (gas + gas_left).low_u64();
+				true
+			},
+			evm::MessageCallResult::Failed => unsafe {
+				*io_gas = gas.low_u64();
+				false
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -302,35 +280,41 @@ impl<'a> evmjit::Ext for ExtAdapter<'a> {
 pub struct JitEvm;
 
 impl evm::Evm for JitEvm {
-	fn exec(&self, params: &ActionParams, ext: &mut evm::Ext) -> evm::Result {
-		let mut optional_err = None;
+	fn exec(&self, params: ActionParams, ext: &mut evm::Ext) -> evm::Result {
 		// Dirty hack. This is unsafe, but we interact with ffi, so it's justified.
-		let ext_adapter: ExtAdapter<'static> = unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(ExtAdapter::new(ext, &mut optional_err)) };
+		let ext_adapter: ExtAdapter<'static> = unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(ExtAdapter::new(ext, params.address.clone())) };
 		let mut ext_handle = evmjit::ExtHandle::new(ext_adapter);
-		let mut data = RuntimeData::new();
-		data.gas = params.gas;
-		data.gas_price = params.gas_price;
-		data.call_data = params.data.clone().unwrap_or(vec![]);
-		data.address = params.address.clone();
-		data.caller = params.sender.clone();
-		data.origin = params.origin.clone();
-		data.call_value = params.value;
-		data.code = params.code.clone().unwrap_or(vec![]);
+		assert!(params.gas <= U256::from(i64::max_value() as u64), "evmjit max gas is 2 ^ 63");
+		assert!(params.gas_price <= U256::from(i64::max_value() as u64), "evmjit max gas is 2 ^ 63");
 
-		data.author = ext.env_info().author.clone();
-		data.difficulty = ext.env_info().difficulty;
-		data.gas_limit = ext.env_info().gas_limit;
+		let call_data = params.data.unwrap_or(vec![]);
+		let code = params.code.unwrap_or(vec![]);
+
+		let mut data = evmjit::RuntimeDataHandle::new();
+		data.gas = params.gas.low_u64() as i64;
+		data.gas_price = params.gas_price.low_u64() as i64;
+		data.call_data = call_data.as_ptr();
+		data.call_data_size = call_data.len() as u64;
+		mem::forget(call_data);
+		data.code = code.as_ptr();
+		data.code_size = code.len() as u64;
+		data.code_hash = code.sha3().into_jit();
+		mem::forget(code);
+		data.address = params.address.into_jit();
+		data.caller = params.sender.into_jit();
+		data.origin = params.origin.into_jit();
+		data.call_value = params.value.into_jit();
+
+		data.author = ext.env_info().author.clone().into_jit();
+		data.difficulty = ext.env_info().difficulty.into_jit();
+		data.gas_limit = ext.env_info().gas_limit.into_jit();
 		data.number = ext.env_info().number;
-		data.timestamp = ext.env_info().timestamp;
-		
-		let mut context = unsafe { evmjit::ContextHandle::new(data.into_jit(), &mut ext_handle) };
+		// don't really know why jit timestamp is int..
+		data.timestamp = ext.env_info().timestamp as i64;
+
+		let mut context = unsafe { evmjit::ContextHandle::new(data, &mut ext_handle) };
 		let res = context.exec();
 		
-		// check in adapter if execution of children contracts failed.
-		if let Some(err) = optional_err {
-			return Err(err);
-		}
-		
 		match res {
 			evmjit::ReturnCode::Stop => Ok(U256::from(context.gas_left())),
 			evmjit::ReturnCode::Return => ext.ret(&U256::from(context.gas_left()), context.output_data()),

src/evm/mod.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 
 pub mod ext;
 pub mod evm;
+pub mod interpreter;
+#[macro_use]
 pub mod factory;
 pub mod schedule;
+mod instructions;
 #[cfg(feature = "jit" )]
 mod jit;
 
@@ -11,6 +14,7 @@ mod jit;
 mod tests;
 
 pub use self::evm::{Evm, Error, Result};
-pub use self::ext::{Ext};
+pub use self::ext::{Ext, ContractCreateResult, MessageCallResult};
 pub use self::factory::Factory;
 pub use self::schedule::Schedule;
+pub use self::factory::VMType;

src/evm/tests.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use common::*;
 use evm;
-use evm::{Ext, Schedule, Factory};
+use evm::{Ext, Schedule, Factory, VMType, ContractCreateResult, MessageCallResult};
 
 struct FakeLogEntry {
 	topics: Vec<H256>,
@@ -18,11 +18,20 @@ struct FakeExt {
 	codes: HashMap<Address, Bytes>,
 	logs: Vec<FakeLogEntry>,
 	_suicides: HashSet<Address>,
-	info: EnvInfo
+	info: EnvInfo,
+	_schedule: Schedule
 }
 
 impl FakeExt {
-	fn new() -> Self { FakeExt::default() }
+	fn new() -> Self { 
+		FakeExt::default()
+	}
+}
+
+impl Default for Schedule {
+	fn default() -> Self {
+		Schedule::new_frontier()
+	}
 }
 
 impl Ext for FakeExt {
@@ -30,10 +39,14 @@ impl Ext for FakeExt {
 		self.store.get(key).unwrap_or(&H256::new()).clone()
 	}
 
-	fn set_storage_at(&mut self, key: H256, value: H256) {
+	fn set_storage(&mut self, key: H256, value: H256) {
 		self.store.insert(key, value);
 	}
 
+	fn exists(&self, _address: &Address) -> bool {
+		unimplemented!();
+	}
+
 	fn balance(&self, _address: &Address) -> U256 {
 		unimplemented!();
 	}
@@ -42,29 +55,28 @@ impl Ext for FakeExt {
 		self.blockhashes.get(number).unwrap_or(&H256::new()).clone()
 	}
 
-	fn create(&mut self, _gas: &U256, _value: &U256, _code: &[u8]) -> (U256, Option<Address>) {
+	fn create(&mut self, _gas: &U256, _value: &U256, _code: &[u8]) -> ContractCreateResult {
 		unimplemented!();
 	}
 
 	fn call(&mut self, 
 			_gas: &U256, 
-			_call_gas: &U256, 
-			_receive_address: &Address, 
+			_address: &Address, 
 			_value: &U256, 
 			_data: &[u8], 
 			_code_address: &Address, 
-			_output: &mut [u8]) -> result::Result<(U256, bool), evm::Error> {
+			_output: &mut [u8]) -> MessageCallResult {
 		unimplemented!();
 	}
 
-	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Vec<u8> {
+	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Bytes {
 		self.codes.get(address).unwrap_or(&Bytes::new()).clone()
 	}
 
-	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: Bytes) {
+	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: &[u8]) {
 		self.logs.push(FakeLogEntry {
 			topics: topics,
-			data: data
+			data: data.to_vec()
 		});
 	}
 
@@ -77,17 +89,52 @@ impl Ext for FakeExt {
 	}
 
 	fn schedule(&self) -> &Schedule {
-		unimplemented!();
+		&self._schedule
 	}
 
 	fn env_info(&self) -> &EnvInfo {
 		&self.info
 	}
+
+	fn depth(&self) -> usize {
+		unimplemented!();
+	}
+
+	fn inc_sstore_clears(&mut self) {
+		unimplemented!();
+	}
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_add() {
+fn test_stack_underflow() {
 	let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
+	let code = "01600055".from_hex().unwrap();
+
+	let mut params = ActionParams::new();
+	params.address = address.clone();
+	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
+	params.code = Some(code);
+	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
+
+	let err = {
+		let vm : Box<evm::Evm> = Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter);
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap_err()
+	};
+	
+	match err {
+		evm::Error::StackUnderflow {instruction: _, wanted, on_stack} => {
+			assert_eq!(wanted, 2);
+			assert_eq!(on_stack, 0);
+		}
+		_ => {
+			assert!(false, "Expected StackUndeflow")
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+evm_test!{test_add: test_add_jit, test_add_int}
+fn test_add(factory: super::Factory) {
+  let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
 	let code = "7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff01600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 
 	let mut params = ActionParams::new();
@@ -97,16 +144,16 @@ fn test_add() {
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_988));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe").unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_sha3() {
+evm_test!{test_sha3: test_sha3_jit, test_sha3_int}
+fn test_sha3(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
 	let code = "6000600020600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 
@@ -117,16 +164,16 @@ fn test_sha3() {
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_961));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("c5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470").unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_address() {
+evm_test!{test_address: test_address_jit, test_address_int}
+fn test_address(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
 	let code = "30600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 
@@ -137,16 +184,16 @@ fn test_address() {
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_995));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_origin() {
+evm_test!{test_origin: test_origin_jit, test_origin_int}
+fn test_origin(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
 	let origin = Address::from_str("cd1722f2947def4cf144679da39c4c32bdc35681").unwrap();
 	let code = "32600055".from_hex().unwrap();
@@ -159,16 +206,16 @@ fn test_origin() {
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_995));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("000000000000000000000000cd1722f2947def4cf144679da39c4c32bdc35681").unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_sender() {
+evm_test!{test_sender: test_sender_jit, test_sender_int}
+fn test_sender(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
 	let sender = Address::from_str("cd1722f2947def4cf144679da39c4c32bdc35681").unwrap();
 	let code = "33600055".from_hex().unwrap();
@@ -181,16 +228,16 @@ fn test_sender() {
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_995));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("000000000000000000000000cd1722f2947def4cf144679da39c4c32bdc35681").unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_extcodecopy() {
+evm_test!{test_extcodecopy: test_extcodecopy_jit, test_extcodecopy_int}
+fn test_extcodecopy(factory: super::Factory) {
 		// 33 - sender
 		// 3b - extcodesize
 		// 60 00 - push 0
@@ -216,16 +263,16 @@ fn test_extcodecopy() {
 	ext.codes.insert(sender, sender_code);
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_935));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("6005600055000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_log_empty() {
+evm_test!{test_log_empty: test_log_empty_jit, test_log_empty_int}
+fn test_log_empty(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
 	let code = "60006000a0".from_hex().unwrap();
 
@@ -236,8 +283,8 @@ fn test_log_empty() {
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(99_619));
@@ -246,8 +293,8 @@ fn test_log_empty() {
 	assert_eq!(ext.logs[0].data, vec![]);
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_log_sender() {
+evm_test!{test_log_sender: test_log_sender_jit, test_log_sender_int}
+fn test_log_sender(factory: super::Factory) {
 	// 60 ff - push ff
 	// 60 00 - push 00
 	// 53 - mstore 
@@ -268,8 +315,8 @@ fn test_log_sender() {
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(98_974));
@@ -279,8 +326,8 @@ fn test_log_sender() {
 	assert_eq!(ext.logs[0].data, "ff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000".from_hex().unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_blockhash() {
+evm_test!{test_blockhash: test_blockhash_jit, test_blockhash_int}
+fn test_blockhash(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
 	let code = "600040600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 	let blockhash = H256::from_str("123400000000000000000000cd1722f2947def4cf144679da39c4c32bdc35681").unwrap();
@@ -293,16 +340,16 @@ fn test_blockhash() {
 	ext.blockhashes.insert(U256::zero(), blockhash.clone());
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_974));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &blockhash);
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_calldataload() {
+evm_test!{test_calldataload: test_calldataload_jit, test_calldataload_int}
+fn test_calldataload(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
 	let code = "600135600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 	let data = "0123ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff23".from_hex().unwrap();
@@ -315,8 +362,8 @@ fn test_calldataload() {
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_991));
@@ -324,8 +371,8 @@ fn test_calldataload() {
 
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_author() {
+evm_test!{test_author: test_author_jit, test_author_int}
+fn test_author(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let author = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
 	let code = "41600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 
@@ -336,16 +383,16 @@ fn test_author() {
 	ext.info.author = author;
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_995));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_timestamp() {
+evm_test!{test_timestamp: test_timestamp_jit, test_timestamp_int}
+fn test_timestamp(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let timestamp = 0x1234; 
 	let code = "42600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 
@@ -356,16 +403,16 @@ fn test_timestamp() {
 	ext.info.timestamp = timestamp;
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_995));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001234").unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_number() {
+evm_test!{test_number: test_number_jit, test_number_int}
+fn test_number(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let number = 0x1234; 
 	let code = "43600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 
@@ -376,16 +423,16 @@ fn test_number() {
 	ext.info.number = number;
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_995));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001234").unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_difficulty() {
+evm_test!{test_difficulty: test_difficulty_jit, test_difficulty_int}
+fn test_difficulty(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let difficulty = U256::from(0x1234);
 	let code = "44600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 
@@ -396,16 +443,16 @@ fn test_difficulty() {
 	ext.info.difficulty = difficulty;
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_995));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001234").unwrap());
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_gas_limit() {
+evm_test!{test_gas_limit: test_gas_limit_jit, test_gas_limit_int}
+fn test_gas_limit(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let gas_limit = U256::from(0x1234);
 	let code = "45600055".from_hex().unwrap();
 
@@ -416,10 +463,11 @@ fn test_gas_limit() {
 	ext.info.gas_limit = gas_limit;
 
 	let gas_left = {
-		let vm = Factory::create();
-		vm.exec(&params, &mut ext).unwrap()
+		let vm = factory.create();
+		vm.exec(params, &mut ext).unwrap()
 	};
 
 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_995));
 	assert_eq!(ext.store.get(&H256::new()).unwrap(), &H256::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001234").unwrap());
 }
+

src/executive.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 use common::*;
 use state::*;
 use engine::*;
-use evm::{self, Factory, Ext};
+use evm::{self, Ext};
 use externalities::*;
 use substate::*;
 
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 	}
 
 	/// Creates `Externalities` from `Executive`.
-	pub fn to_externalities<'_>(&'_ mut self, params: &'_ ActionParams, substate: &'_ mut Substate, output: OutputPolicy<'_>) -> Externalities {
-		Externalities::new(self.state, self.info, self.engine, self.depth, params, substate, output)
+	pub fn to_externalities<'_>(&'_ mut self, origin_info: OriginInfo, substate: &'_ mut Substate, output: OutputPolicy<'_>) -> Externalities {
+		Externalities::new(self.state, self.info, self.engine, self.depth, origin_info, substate, output)
 	}
 
 	/// This funtion should be used to execute transaction.
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 					code: Some(t.data.clone()),
 					data: None,
 				};
-				self.create(&params, &mut substate)
+				self.create(params, &mut substate)
 			},
 			&Action::Call(ref address) => {
 				let params = ActionParams {
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 				};
 				// TODO: move output upstream
 				let mut out = vec![];
-				self.call(&params, &mut substate, BytesRef::Flexible(&mut out))
+				self.call(params, &mut substate, BytesRef::Flexible(&mut out))
 			}
 		};
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 	/// NOTE. It does not finalize the transaction (doesn't do refunds, nor suicides).
 	/// Modifies the substate and the output.
 	/// Returns either gas_left or `evm::Error`.
-	pub fn call(&mut self, params: &ActionParams, substate: &mut Substate, mut output: BytesRef) -> evm::Result {
+	pub fn call(&mut self, params: ActionParams, substate: &mut Substate, mut output: BytesRef) -> evm::Result {
 		// backup used in case of running out of gas
 		let backup = self.state.clone();
 
@@ -198,12 +198,11 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 			let mut unconfirmed_substate = Substate::new();
 
 			let res = {
-				let mut ext = self.to_externalities(params, &mut unconfirmed_substate, OutputPolicy::Return(output));
-				let evm = Factory::create();
-				evm.exec(&params, &mut ext)
+				let mut ext = self.to_externalities(OriginInfo::from(&params), &mut unconfirmed_substate, OutputPolicy::Return(output));
+				self.engine.vm_factory().create().exec(params, &mut ext)
 			};
 
-			trace!("exec: sstore-clears={}\n", unconfirmed_substate.refunds_count);
+			trace!("exec: sstore-clears={}\n", unconfirmed_substate.sstore_clears_count);
 			trace!("exec: substate={:?}; unconfirmed_substate={:?}\n", substate, unconfirmed_substate);
 			self.enact_result(&res, substate, unconfirmed_substate, backup);
 			trace!("exec: new substate={:?}\n", substate);
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 	/// Creates contract with given contract params.
 	/// NOTE. It does not finalize the transaction (doesn't do refunds, nor suicides).
 	/// Modifies the substate.
-	pub fn create(&mut self, params: &ActionParams, substate: &mut Substate) -> evm::Result {
+	pub fn create(&mut self, params: ActionParams, substate: &mut Substate) -> evm::Result {
 		// backup used in case of running out of gas
 		let backup = self.state.clone();
 
@@ -231,9 +230,8 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 		self.state.transfer_balance(&params.sender, &params.address, &params.value);
 
 		let res = {
-			let mut ext = self.to_externalities(params, &mut unconfirmed_substate, OutputPolicy::InitContract);
-			let evm = Factory::create();
-			evm.exec(&params, &mut ext)
+			let mut ext = self.to_externalities(OriginInfo::from(&params), &mut unconfirmed_substate, OutputPolicy::InitContract);
+			self.engine.vm_factory().create().exec(params, &mut ext)
 		};
 		self.enact_result(&res, substate, unconfirmed_substate, backup);
 		res
@@ -244,7 +242,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 		let schedule = self.engine.schedule(self.info);
 
 		// refunds from SSTORE nonzero -> zero
-		let sstore_refunds = U256::from(schedule.sstore_refund_gas) * substate.refunds_count;
+		let sstore_refunds = U256::from(schedule.sstore_refund_gas) * substate.sstore_clears_count;
 		// refunds from contract suicides
 		let suicide_refunds = U256::from(schedule.suicide_refund_gas) * U256::from(substate.suicides.len());
 		let refunds_bound = sstore_refunds + suicide_refunds;
@@ -274,6 +272,21 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 
 		match result { 
 			Err(evm::Error::Internal) => Err(ExecutionError::Internal),
+			// TODO [ToDr] BadJumpDestination @debris - how to handle that?
+			Err(evm::Error::OutOfGas) 
+				| Err(evm::Error::BadJumpDestination { destination: _ }) 
+				| Err(evm::Error::BadInstruction { instruction: _ }) 
+				| Err(evm::Error::StackUnderflow {instruction: _, wanted: _, on_stack: _})
+				| Err(evm::Error::OutOfStack {instruction: _, wanted: _, limit: _}) => {
+				Ok(Executed {
+					gas: t.gas,
+					gas_used: t.gas,
+					refunded: U256::zero(),
+					cumulative_gas_used: self.info.gas_used + t.gas,
+					logs: vec![],
+					contracts_created: vec![]
+				})
+			},
 			_ => {
 				Ok(Executed {
 					gas: t.gas,
@@ -290,7 +303,11 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 	fn enact_result(&mut self, result: &evm::Result, substate: &mut Substate, un_substate: Substate, backup: State) {
 		// TODO: handle other evm::Errors same as OutOfGas once they are implemented
 		match result {
-			&Err(evm::Error::OutOfGas) => {
+			&Err(evm::Error::OutOfGas)
+				| &Err(evm::Error::BadJumpDestination { destination: _ }) 
+				| &Err(evm::Error::BadInstruction { instruction: _ }) 
+				| &Err(evm::Error::StackUnderflow {instruction: _, wanted: _, on_stack: _})
+				| &Err(evm::Error::OutOfStack {instruction: _, wanted: _, limit: _}) => {
 				self.state.revert(backup);
 			},
 			&Ok(_) | &Err(evm::Error::Internal) => substate.accrue(un_substate)
@@ -306,17 +323,19 @@ mod tests {
 	use ethereum;
 	use engine::*;
 	use spec::*;
-	use evm::Schedule;
+	use evm::{Schedule, Factory, VMType};
 	use substate::*;
 
 	struct TestEngine {
+		factory: Factory,
 		spec: Spec,
 		max_depth: usize
 	}
 
 	impl TestEngine {
-		fn new(max_depth: usize) -> TestEngine {
+		fn new(max_depth: usize, factory: Factory) -> TestEngine {
 			TestEngine {
+				factory: factory,
 				spec: ethereum::new_frontier_test(),
 				max_depth: max_depth 
 			}
@@ -326,6 +345,9 @@ mod tests {
 	impl Engine for TestEngine {
 		fn name(&self) -> &str { "TestEngine" }
 		fn spec(&self) -> &Spec { &self.spec }
+		fn vm_factory(&self) -> &Factory {
+			&self.factory
+		}
 		fn schedule(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule { 
 			let mut schedule = Schedule::new_frontier();
 			schedule.max_depth = self.max_depth;
@@ -340,9 +362,9 @@ mod tests {
 		assert_eq!(expected_address, contract_address(&address, &U256::from(88)));
 	}
 
-	#[test]
 	// TODO: replace params with transactions!
-	fn test_sender_balance() {
+	evm_test!{test_sender_balance: test_sender_balance_jit, test_sender_balance_int}
+	fn test_sender_balance(factory: Factory) {
 		let sender = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
 		let address = contract_address(&sender, &U256::zero());
 		let mut params = ActionParams::new();
@@ -354,12 +376,12 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut state = State::new_temp();
 		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(0x100u64));
 		let info = EnvInfo::new();
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
 
 		let gas_left = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
-			ex.create(&params, &mut substate).unwrap()
+			ex.create(params, &mut substate).unwrap()
 		};
 
 		assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_975));
@@ -372,8 +394,8 @@ mod tests {
 		// TODO: just test state root.
 	}
 
-	#[test]
-	fn test_create_contract() {
+	evm_test!{test_create_contract: test_create_contract_jit, test_create_contract_int}
+	fn test_create_contract(factory: Factory) {
 		// code:
 		//
 		// 7c 601080600c6000396000f3006000355415600957005b60203560003555 - push 29 bytes?
@@ -412,12 +434,12 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut state = State::new_temp();
 		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100));
 		let info = EnvInfo::new();
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
 
 		let gas_left = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
-			ex.create(&params, &mut substate).unwrap()
+			ex.create(params, &mut substate).unwrap()
 		};
 		
 		assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(62_976));
@@ -425,8 +447,8 @@ mod tests {
 		assert_eq!(substate.contracts_created.len(), 0);
 	}
 
-	#[test]
-	fn test_create_contract_value_too_high() {
+	evm_test!{test_create_contract_value_too_high: test_create_contract_value_too_high_jit, test_create_contract_value_too_high_int}
+	fn test_create_contract_value_too_high(factory: Factory) {
 		// code:
 		//
 		// 7c 601080600c6000396000f3006000355415600957005b60203560003555 - push 29 bytes?
@@ -465,20 +487,20 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut state = State::new_temp();
 		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100));
 		let info = EnvInfo::new();
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
 
 		let gas_left = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
-			ex.create(&params, &mut substate).unwrap()
+			ex.create(params, &mut substate).unwrap()
 		};
 		
 		assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(62_976));
 		assert_eq!(substate.contracts_created.len(), 0);
 	}
 
-	#[test]
-	fn test_create_contract_without_max_depth() {
+	evm_test!{test_create_contract_without_max_depth: test_create_contract_without_max_depth_jit, test_create_contract_without_max_depth_int}
+	fn test_create_contract_without_max_depth(factory: Factory) {
 		// code:
 		//
 		// 7c 601080600c6000396000f3006000355415600957005b60203560003555 - push 29 bytes?
@@ -501,7 +523,7 @@ mod tests {
 		// 60 00 - push 0
 		// f3 - return
 
-		let code = "7c601080600c6000396000f3006000355415600957005b60203560003555600052601d60036017f0600055".from_hex().unwrap();
+		let code = "7c601080600c6000396000f3006000355415600957005b60203560003555600052601d60036017f0".from_hex().unwrap();
 
 		let sender = Address::from_str("cd1722f3947def4cf144679da39c4c32bdc35681").unwrap();
 		let address = contract_address(&sender, &U256::zero());
@@ -516,20 +538,21 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut state = State::new_temp();
 		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100));
 		let info = EnvInfo::new();
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(1024);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(1024, factory);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
 
 		{
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
-			ex.create(&params, &mut substate).unwrap();
+			ex.create(params, &mut substate).unwrap();
 		}
 		
 		assert_eq!(substate.contracts_created.len(), 1);
 		assert_eq!(substate.contracts_created[0], next_address);
 	}
 
-	#[test]
-	fn test_aba_calls() {
+	// test is incorrect, mk
+	evm_test_ignore!{test_aba_calls: test_aba_calls_jit, test_aba_calls_int}
+	fn test_aba_calls(factory: Factory) {
 		// 60 00 - push 0
 		// 60 00 - push 0
 		// 60 00 - push 0
@@ -574,20 +597,21 @@ mod tests {
 		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100_000));
 
 		let info = EnvInfo::new();
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
 
 		let gas_left = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
-			ex.call(&params, &mut substate, BytesRef::Fixed(&mut [])).unwrap()
+			ex.call(params, &mut substate, BytesRef::Fixed(&mut [])).unwrap()
 		};
 
 		assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(73_237));
 		assert_eq!(state.storage_at(&address_a, &H256::from(&U256::from(0x23))), H256::from(&U256::from(1)));
 	}
 
-	#[test]
-	fn test_recursive_bomb1() {
+	// test is incorrect, mk
+	evm_test_ignore!{test_recursive_bomb1: test_recursive_bomb1_jit, test_recursive_bomb1_int}
+	fn test_recursive_bomb1(factory: Factory) {
 		// 60 01 - push 1
 		// 60 00 - push 0
 		// 54 - sload 
@@ -616,12 +640,12 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut state = State::new_temp();
 		state.init_code(&address, code.clone());
 		let info = EnvInfo::new();
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
 
 		let gas_left = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
-			ex.call(&params, &mut substate, BytesRef::Fixed(&mut [])).unwrap()
+			ex.call(params, &mut substate, BytesRef::Fixed(&mut [])).unwrap()
 		};
 
 		assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(59_870));
@@ -629,8 +653,9 @@ mod tests {
 		assert_eq!(state.storage_at(&address, &H256::from(&U256::one())), H256::from(&U256::from(1)));
 	}
 
-	#[test]
-	fn test_transact_simple() {
+	// test is incorrect, mk
+	evm_test_ignore!{test_transact_simple: test_transact_simple_jit, test_transact_simple_int}
+	fn test_transact_simple(factory: Factory) {
 		let mut t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(17), "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(), U256::from(100_000), U256::zero(), U256::zero());
 		let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
 		t.sign(&keypair.secret());
@@ -641,7 +666,7 @@ mod tests {
 		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(18));	
 		let mut info = EnvInfo::new();
 		info.gas_limit = U256::from(100_000);
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
 
 		let executed = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
@@ -660,14 +685,14 @@ mod tests {
 		assert_eq!(state.storage_at(&contract, &H256::new()), H256::from(&U256::from(1)));
 	}
 
-	#[test]
-	fn test_transact_invalid_sender() {
+	evm_test!{test_transact_invalid_sender: test_transact_invalid_sender_jit, test_transact_invalid_sender_int}
+	fn test_transact_invalid_sender(factory: Factory) {
 		let t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(17), "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(), U256::from(100_000), U256::zero(), U256::zero());
 
 		let mut state = State::new_temp();
 		let mut info = EnvInfo::new();
 		info.gas_limit = U256::from(100_000);
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
 
 		let res = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
@@ -680,8 +705,8 @@ mod tests {
 		}
 	}
 
-	#[test]
-	fn test_transact_invalid_nonce() {
+	evm_test!{test_transact_invalid_nonce: test_transact_invalid_nonce_jit, test_transact_invalid_nonce_int}
+	fn test_transact_invalid_nonce(factory: Factory) {
 		let mut t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(17), "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(), U256::from(100_000), U256::zero(), U256::one());
 		let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
 		t.sign(&keypair.secret());
@@ -691,7 +716,7 @@ mod tests {
 		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(17));	
 		let mut info = EnvInfo::new();
 		info.gas_limit = U256::from(100_000);
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
 
 		let res = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
@@ -705,8 +730,8 @@ mod tests {
 		}
 	}
 
-	#[test]
-	fn test_transact_gas_limit_reached() {
+	evm_test!{test_transact_gas_limit_reached: test_transact_gas_limit_reached_jit, test_transact_gas_limit_reached_int}
+	fn test_transact_gas_limit_reached(factory: Factory) {
 		let mut t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(17), "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(), U256::from(80_001), U256::zero(), U256::zero());
 		let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
 		t.sign(&keypair.secret());
@@ -717,7 +742,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut info = EnvInfo::new();
 		info.gas_used = U256::from(20_000);
 		info.gas_limit = U256::from(100_000);
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
 
 		let res = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
@@ -731,8 +756,8 @@ mod tests {
 		}
 	}
 
-	#[test]
-	fn test_not_enough_cash() {
+	evm_test!{test_not_enough_cash: test_not_enough_cash_jit, test_not_enough_cash_int}
+	fn test_not_enough_cash(factory: Factory) {
 		let mut t = Transaction::new_create(U256::from(18), "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(), U256::from(100_000), U256::one(), U256::zero());
 		let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
 		t.sign(&keypair.secret());
@@ -742,7 +767,7 @@ mod tests {
 		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100_017));	
 		let mut info = EnvInfo::new();
 		info.gas_limit = U256::from(100_000);
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
 
 		let res = {
 			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
@@ -755,4 +780,40 @@ mod tests {
 			_ => assert!(false, "Expected not enough cash error. {:?}", res)
 		}
 	}
+
+	evm_test!{test_sha3: test_sha3_jit, test_sha3_int}
+	fn test_sha3(factory: Factory) {
+		let code = "6064640fffffffff20600055".from_hex().unwrap();
+
+		let sender = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
+		let address = contract_address(&sender, &U256::zero());
+		// TODO: add tests for 'callcreate'
+		//let next_address = contract_address(&address, &U256::zero());
+		let mut params = ActionParams::new();
+		params.address = address.clone();
+		params.sender = sender.clone();
+		params.origin = sender.clone();
+		params.gas = U256::from(0x0186a0);
+		params.code = Some(code.clone());
+		params.value = U256::from_str("0de0b6b3a7640000").unwrap();
+		let mut state = State::new_temp();
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from_str("152d02c7e14af6800000").unwrap());
+		let info = EnvInfo::new();
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(0, factory);
+		let mut substate = Substate::new();
+
+		let result = {
+			let mut ex = Executive::new(&mut state, &info, &engine);
+			ex.create(params, &mut substate)
+		};
+
+		match result {
+			Err(_) => {
+			},
+			_ => {
+				panic!("Expected OutOfGas");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 }

src/externalities.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use common::*;
 use state::*;
 use engine::*;
 use executive::*;
-use evm::{self, Schedule, Ext};
+use evm::{self, Schedule, Ext, ContractCreateResult, MessageCallResult};
 use substate::*;
 
 /// Policy for handling output data on `RETURN` opcode.
@@ -15,23 +15,31 @@ pub enum OutputPolicy<'a> {
 	InitContract
 }
 
+/// Transaction properties that externalities need to know about.
+pub struct OriginInfo {
+	address: Address,
+	origin: Address,
+	gas_price: U256
+}
+
+impl OriginInfo {
+	/// Populates origin info from action params.
+	pub fn from(params: &ActionParams) -> Self {
+		OriginInfo {
+			address: params.address.clone(),
+			origin: params.origin.clone(),
+			gas_price: params.gas_price.clone()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 /// Implementation of evm Externalities.
 pub struct Externalities<'a> {
-	
-	#[cfg(test)]
-	pub state: &'a mut State,
-	#[cfg(not(test))]
 	state: &'a mut State,
-
-	info: &'a EnvInfo,
+	env_info: &'a EnvInfo,
 	engine: &'a Engine,
 	depth: usize,
-	
-	#[cfg(test)]
-	pub params: &'a ActionParams,
-	#[cfg(not(test))]
-	params: &'a ActionParams,
-	
+	origin_info: OriginInfo,
 	substate: &'a mut Substate,
 	schedule: Schedule,
 	output: OutputPolicy<'a>
@@ -40,20 +48,20 @@ pub struct Externalities<'a> {
 impl<'a> Externalities<'a> {
 	/// Basic `Externalities` constructor.
 	pub fn new(state: &'a mut State, 
-			   info: &'a EnvInfo, 
+			   env_info: &'a EnvInfo, 
 			   engine: &'a Engine, 
 			   depth: usize,
-			   params: &'a ActionParams, 
+			   origin_info: OriginInfo,
 			   substate: &'a mut Substate, 
 			   output: OutputPolicy<'a>) -> Self {
 		Externalities {
 			state: state,
-			info: info,
+			env_info: env_info,
 			engine: engine,
 			depth: depth,
-			params: params,
+			origin_info: origin_info,
 			substate: substate,
-			schedule: engine.schedule(info),
+			schedule: engine.schedule(env_info),
 			output: output
 		}
 	}
@@ -61,19 +69,15 @@ impl<'a> Externalities<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> Ext for Externalities<'a> {
 	fn storage_at(&self, key: &H256) -> H256 {
-		trace!("ext: storage_at({}, {}) == {}\n", self.params.address, key, U256::from(self.state.storage_at(&self.params.address, key).as_slice()));
-		self.state.storage_at(&self.params.address, key)
+		self.state.storage_at(&self.origin_info.address, key)
 	}
 
-	fn set_storage_at(&mut self, key: H256, value: H256) {
-		let old = self.state.storage_at(&self.params.address, &key);
-		// if SSTORE nonzero -> zero, increment refund count
-		if value.is_zero() && !old.is_zero() {
-			trace!("ext: additional refund. {} -> {}\n", self.substate.refunds_count, self.substate.refunds_count + x!(1));
-			self.substate.refunds_count = self.substate.refunds_count + U256::one();
-		}
-		trace!("ext: set_storage_at({}, {}): {} -> {}\n", self.params.address, key, U256::from(old.as_slice()), U256::from(value.as_slice()));
-		self.state.set_storage(&self.params.address, key, value)
+	fn set_storage(&mut self, key: H256, value: H256) {
+		self.state.set_storage(&self.origin_info.address, key, value)
+	}
+
+	fn exists(&self, address: &Address) -> bool {
+		self.state.exists(address)
 	}
 
 	fn balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
@@ -81,113 +85,79 @@ impl<'a> Ext for Externalities<'a> {
 	}
 
 	fn blockhash(&self, number: &U256) -> H256 {
-		match *number < U256::from(self.info.number) && number.low_u64() >= cmp::max(256, self.info.number) - 256 {
+		match *number < U256::from(self.env_info.number) && number.low_u64() >= cmp::max(256, self.env_info.number) - 256 {
 			true => {
-				let index = self.info.number - number.low_u64() - 1;
-				let r = self.info.last_hashes[index as usize].clone();
-				trace!("ext: blockhash({}) -> {} self.info.number={}\n", number, r, self.info.number);
+				let index = self.env_info.number - number.low_u64() - 1;
+				let r = self.env_info.last_hashes[index as usize].clone();
+				trace!("ext: blockhash({}) -> {} self.env_info.number={}\n", number, r, self.env_info.number);
 				r
 			},
 			false => {
-				trace!("ext: blockhash({}) -> null self.info.number={}\n", number, self.info.number);
+				trace!("ext: blockhash({}) -> null self.env_info.number={}\n", number, self.env_info.number);
 				H256::from(&U256::zero())
 			},
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn create(&mut self, gas: &U256, value: &U256, code: &[u8]) -> (U256, Option<Address>) {
-		// if balance is insufficient or we are to deep, return
-		if self.state.balance(&self.params.address) < *value || self.depth >= self.schedule.max_depth {
-			return (*gas, None);
-		}
-
+	fn create(&mut self, gas: &U256, value: &U256, code: &[u8]) -> ContractCreateResult {
 		// create new contract address
-		let address = contract_address(&self.params.address, &self.state.nonce(&self.params.address));
+		let address = contract_address(&self.origin_info.address, &self.state.nonce(&self.origin_info.address));
 
 		// prepare the params
 		let params = ActionParams {
 			code_address: address.clone(),
 			address: address.clone(),
-			sender: self.params.address.clone(),
-			origin: self.params.origin.clone(),
+			sender: self.origin_info.address.clone(),
+			origin: self.origin_info.origin.clone(),
 			gas: *gas,
-			gas_price: self.params.gas_price.clone(),
+			gas_price: self.origin_info.gas_price.clone(),
 			value: value.clone(),
 			code: Some(code.to_vec()),
 			data: None,
 		};
 
-		self.state.inc_nonce(&self.params.address);
-		let mut ex = Executive::from_parent(self.state, self.info, self.engine, self.depth);
-		match ex.create(&params, self.substate) {
-			Ok(gas_left) => (gas_left, Some(address)),
-			_ => (U256::zero(), None)
+		self.state.inc_nonce(&self.origin_info.address);
+		let mut ex = Executive::from_parent(self.state, self.env_info, self.engine, self.depth);
+		
+		// TODO: handle internal error separately
+		match ex.create(params, self.substate) {
+			Ok(gas_left) => {
+				self.substate.contracts_created.push(address.clone());
+				ContractCreateResult::Created(address, gas_left)
+			},
+			_ => ContractCreateResult::Failed
 		}
 	}
 
 	fn call(&mut self, 
 			gas: &U256, 
-			call_gas: &U256, 
-			receive_address: &Address, 
+			address: &Address, 
 			value: &U256, 
 			data: &[u8], 
 			code_address: &Address, 
-			output: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(U256, bool), evm::Error> {
-
-		let mut gas_cost = *call_gas;
-		let mut call_gas = *call_gas;
-
-		let is_call = receive_address == code_address;
-		if is_call && !self.state.exists(&code_address) {
-			gas_cost = gas_cost + U256::from(self.schedule.call_new_account_gas);
-		}
-
-		if *value > U256::zero() {
-			assert!(self.schedule.call_value_transfer_gas > self.schedule.call_stipend, "overflow possible");
-			gas_cost = gas_cost + U256::from(self.schedule.call_value_transfer_gas);
-			call_gas = call_gas + U256::from(self.schedule.call_stipend);
-		}
-
-		debug!("Externalities::call(gas={}, call_gas={}, recv={}, value={}, data={}, code={})\n", gas, call_gas, receive_address, value, data.pretty(), code_address);
-
-		if gas_cost > *gas {
-			debug!("Externalities::call: OutOfGas gas_cost={}, gas={}", gas_cost, gas);
-			return Err(evm::Error::OutOfGas);
-		}
-
-		let gas = *gas - gas_cost;
-
-		// if balance is insufficient or we are too deep, return
-		if self.state.balance(&self.params.address) < *value || self.depth >= self.schedule.max_depth {
-			debug!("Externalities::call: OutOfCash bal({})={}, value={}", self.params.address, self.state.balance(&self.params.address), value);
-			return Ok((gas + call_gas, false));
-		}
+			output: &mut [u8]) -> MessageCallResult {
 
 		let params = ActionParams {
 			code_address: code_address.clone(),
-			address: receive_address.clone(), 
-			sender: self.params.address.clone(),
-			origin: self.params.origin.clone(),
-			gas: call_gas,
-			gas_price: self.params.gas_price.clone(),
+			address: address.clone(), 
+			sender: self.origin_info.address.clone(),
+			origin: self.origin_info.origin.clone(),
+			gas: *gas,
+			gas_price: self.origin_info.gas_price.clone(),
 			value: value.clone(),
 			code: self.state.code(code_address),
 			data: Some(data.to_vec()),
 		};
 
+		let mut ex = Executive::from_parent(self.state, self.env_info, self.engine, self.depth);
 
-		trace!("Externalities::call: BEFORE: bal({})={}, bal({})={}\n", params.sender, self.state.balance(&params.sender), params.address, self.state.balance(&params.address));
-		trace!("Externalities::call: CALLING: params={:?}\n", params);
-		let r = Executive::from_parent(self.state, self.info, self.engine, self.depth).call(&params, self.substate, BytesRef::Fixed(output));
-		trace!("Externalities::call: AFTER: bal({})={}, bal({})={}\n", params.sender, self.state.balance(&params.sender), params.address, self.state.balance(&params.address));
-
-		match r {
-			Ok(gas_left) => Ok((gas + gas_left, true)),
-			_ => Ok((gas, false))
+		match ex.call(params, self.substate, BytesRef::Fixed(output)) {
+			Ok(gas_left) => MessageCallResult::Success(gas_left),
+			_ => MessageCallResult::Failed
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Vec<u8> {
+	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Bytes {
 		self.state.code(address).unwrap_or(vec![])
 	}
 
@@ -219,21 +189,20 @@ impl<'a> Ext for Externalities<'a> {
 					ptr::copy(data.as_ptr(), code.as_mut_ptr(), data.len());
 					code.set_len(data.len());
 				}
-				let address = &self.params.address;
+				let address = &self.origin_info.address;
 				self.state.init_code(address, code);
-				self.substate.contracts_created.push(address.clone());
 				Ok(*gas - return_cost)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: Bytes) {
-		let address = self.params.address.clone();
-		self.substate.logs.push(LogEntry::new(address, topics, data));
+	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: &[u8]) {
+		let address = self.origin_info.address.clone();
+		self.substate.logs.push(LogEntry::new(address, topics, data.to_vec()));
 	}
 
 	fn suicide(&mut self, refund_address: &Address) {
-		let address = self.params.address.clone();
+		let address = self.origin_info.address.clone();
 		let balance = self.balance(&address);
 		self.state.transfer_balance(&address, refund_address, &balance);
 		self.substate.suicides.insert(address);
@@ -244,6 +213,14 @@ impl<'a> Ext for Externalities<'a> {
 	}
 
 	fn env_info(&self) -> &EnvInfo {
-		&self.info
+		&self.env_info
+	}
+
+	fn depth(&self) -> usize {
+		self.depth
+	}
+
+	fn inc_sstore_clears(&mut self) {
+		self.substate.sstore_clears_count = self.substate.sstore_clears_count + U256::one();
 	}
 }

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #![feature(cell_extras)]
 #![feature(augmented_assignments)]
+#![feature(wrapping)]
 //#![feature(plugin)]
 //#![plugin(interpolate_idents)]
 //! Ethcore's ethereum implementation
@@ -89,6 +90,8 @@ extern crate ethcore_util as util;
 
 pub mod common;
 pub mod basic_types;
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod evm;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod log_entry;
 pub mod env_info;
@@ -110,7 +113,6 @@ pub mod views;
 pub mod blockchain;
 pub mod extras;
 pub mod substate;
-pub mod evm;
 pub mod service;
 pub mod executive;
 pub mod externalities;

src/null_engine.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,29 @@
 use engine::Engine;
 use spec::Spec;
 use evm::Schedule;
+use evm::Factory;
 use env_info::EnvInfo;
 
 /// An engine which does not provide any consensus mechanism.
 pub struct NullEngine {
 	spec: Spec,
+	factory: Factory
 }
 
 impl NullEngine {
 	pub fn new_boxed(spec: Spec) -> Box<Engine> {
-		Box::new(NullEngine{spec: spec})
+		Box::new(NullEngine{
+			spec: spec,
+			// TODO [todr] should this return any specific factory?
+			factory: Factory::default()
+		})
 	}
 }
 
 impl Engine for NullEngine {
+	fn vm_factory(&self) -> &Factory {
+		&self.factory
+	}
 	fn name(&self) -> &str { "NullEngine" }
 	fn spec(&self) -> &Spec { &self.spec }
 	fn schedule(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule { Schedule::new_frontier() }

src/service.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ struct ClientIoHandler {
 }
 
 impl IoHandler<NetSyncMessage> for ClientIoHandler {
-	fn initialize<'s>(&'s mut self, _io: &mut IoContext<'s, NetSyncMessage>) { }
+	fn initialize<'s>(&'s mut self, _io: &mut IoContext<'s, NetSyncMessage>) {
+	}
 
 	fn message<'s>(&'s mut self, _io: &mut IoContext<'s, NetSyncMessage>, net_message: &'s mut NetSyncMessage) {
 		match net_message {

src/state.rs

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl State {
 	}
 
 	/// Mutate storage of account `a` so that it is `value` for `key`.
-	pub fn code(&self, a: &Address) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+	pub fn code(&self, a: &Address) -> Option<Bytes> {
 		self.get(a, true).as_ref().map(|a|a.code().map(|x|x.to_vec())).unwrap_or(None)
 	}
 

src/substate.rs

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ pub struct Substate {
 	pub suicides: HashSet<Address>,
 	/// Any logs.
 	pub logs: Vec<LogEntry>,
-	/// Refund counter of SSTORE nonzero->zero.
-	pub refunds_count: U256,
+	/// Refund counter of SSTORE nonzero -> zero.
+	pub sstore_clears_count: U256,
 	/// Created contracts.
 	pub contracts_created: Vec<Address>
 }
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ impl Substate {
 		Substate {
 			suicides: HashSet::new(),
 			logs: vec![],
-			refunds_count: U256::zero(),
+			sstore_clears_count: U256::zero(),
 			contracts_created: vec![]
 		}
 	}
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl Substate {
 	pub fn accrue(&mut self, s: Substate) {
 		self.suicides.extend(s.suicides.into_iter());
 		self.logs.extend(s.logs.into_iter());
-		self.refunds_count = self.refunds_count + s.refunds_count;
+		self.sstore_clears_count = self.sstore_clears_count + s.sstore_clears_count;
 		self.contracts_created.extend(s.contracts_created.into_iter());
 	}
 }

src/tests/executive.rs

@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@ use executive::*;
 use spec::*;
 use engine::*;
 use evm;
-use evm::{Schedule, Ext, Factory};
+use evm::{Schedule, Ext, Factory, VMType, ContractCreateResult, MessageCallResult};
 use ethereum;
 use externalities::*;
 use substate::*;
 
 struct TestEngine {
+	vm_factory: Factory,
 	spec: Spec,
 	max_depth: usize
 }
 
 impl TestEngine {
-	fn new(max_depth: usize) -> TestEngine {
+	fn new(max_depth: usize, vm_type: VMType) -> TestEngine {
 		TestEngine {
+			vm_factory: Factory::new(vm_type),
 			spec: ethereum::new_frontier_test(),
 			max_depth: max_depth 
 		}
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ impl TestEngine {
 impl Engine for TestEngine {
 	fn name(&self) -> &str { "TestEngine" }
 	fn spec(&self) -> &Spec { &self.spec }
+	fn vm_factory(&self) -> &Factory { &self.vm_factory }
 	fn schedule(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule { 
 		let mut schedule = Schedule::new_frontier();
 		schedule.max_depth = self.max_depth; 
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ impl Engine for TestEngine {
 struct CallCreate {
 	data: Bytes,
 	destination: Option<Address>,
-	_gas_limit: U256,
+	gas_limit: U256,
 	value: U256
 }
 
@@ -44,13 +47,22 @@ struct CallCreate {
 /// Stores callcreates.
 struct TestExt<'a> {
 	ext: Externalities<'a>,
-	callcreates: Vec<CallCreate>
+	callcreates: Vec<CallCreate>,
+	contract_address: Address
 }
 
 impl<'a> TestExt<'a> {
-	fn new(ext: Externalities<'a>) -> TestExt {
+	fn new(state: &'a mut State, 
+			   info: &'a EnvInfo, 
+			   engine: &'a Engine, 
+			   depth: usize,
+			   origin_info: OriginInfo,
+			   substate: &'a mut Substate, 
+			   output: OutputPolicy<'a>,
+			   address: Address) -> Self {
 		TestExt {
-			ext: ext,
+			contract_address: contract_address(&address, &state.nonce(&address)),
+			ext: Externalities::new(state, info, engine, depth, origin_info, substate, output),
 			callcreates: vec![]
 		}
 	}
@@ -61,8 +73,12 @@ impl<'a> Ext for TestExt<'a> {
 		self.ext.storage_at(key)
 	}
 
-	fn set_storage_at(&mut self, key: H256, value: H256) {
-		self.ext.set_storage_at(key, value)
+	fn set_storage(&mut self, key: H256, value: H256) {
+		self.ext.set_storage(key, value)
+	}
+
+	fn exists(&self, address: &Address) -> bool {
+		self.ext.exists(address)
 	}
 
 	fn balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
@@ -73,66 +89,37 @@ impl<'a> Ext for TestExt<'a> {
 		self.ext.blockhash(number)
 	}
 
-	fn create(&mut self, gas: &U256, value: &U256, code: &[u8]) -> (U256, Option<Address>) {
-		// in call and create we need to check if we exited with insufficient balance or max limit reached.
-		// in case of reaching max depth, we should store callcreates. Otherwise, ignore.
-		let res = self.ext.create(gas, value, code);
-		let ext = &self.ext;
-		match res {
-			// just record call create
-			(gas_left, Some(address)) => {
-				self.callcreates.push(CallCreate {
-					data: code.to_vec(),
-					destination: Some(address.clone()),
-					_gas_limit: *gas,
-					value: *value
-				});
-				(gas_left, Some(address))
-			},
-			// creation failed only due to reaching max_depth
-			(gas_left, None) if ext.state.balance(&ext.params.address) >= *value => {
-				self.callcreates.push(CallCreate {
-					data: code.to_vec(),
-					// callcreate test does not need an address
-					destination: None,
-					_gas_limit: *gas,
-					value: *value
-				});
-				let address = contract_address(&ext.params.address, &ext.state.nonce(&ext.params.address));
-				(gas_left, Some(address))
-			},
-			other => other
-		}
+	fn create(&mut self, gas: &U256, value: &U256, code: &[u8]) -> ContractCreateResult {
+		self.callcreates.push(CallCreate {
+			data: code.to_vec(),
+			destination: None,
+			gas_limit: *gas,
+			value: *value
+		});
+		ContractCreateResult::Created(self.contract_address.clone(), *gas)
 	}
 
 	fn call(&mut self, 
 			gas: &U256, 
-			call_gas: &U256, 
 			receive_address: &Address, 
 			value: &U256, 
 			data: &[u8], 
-			code_address: &Address, 
-			output: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(U256, bool), evm::Error> {
-		let res = self.ext.call(gas, call_gas, receive_address, value, data, code_address, output);
-		let ext = &self.ext;
-		if let &Ok(_some) = &res {
-			if ext.state.balance(&ext.params.address) >= *value {
-				self.callcreates.push(CallCreate {
-					data: data.to_vec(),
-					destination: Some(receive_address.clone()),
-					_gas_limit: *call_gas,
-					value: *value
-				});
-			}
-		}
-		res
+			_code_address: &Address, 
+			_output: &mut [u8]) -> MessageCallResult {
+		self.callcreates.push(CallCreate {
+			data: data.to_vec(),
+			destination: Some(receive_address.clone()),
+			gas_limit: *gas,
+			value: *value
+		});
+		MessageCallResult::Success(*gas)
 	}
 
-	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Vec<u8> {
+	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Bytes  {
 		self.ext.extcode(address)
 	}
 	
-	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: Bytes) {
+	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: &[u8]) {
 		self.ext.log(topics, data)
 	}
 
@@ -151,20 +138,39 @@ impl<'a> Ext for TestExt<'a> {
 	fn env_info(&self) -> &EnvInfo {
 		self.ext.env_info()
 	}
+
+	fn depth(&self) -> usize {
+		0
+	}
+
+	fn inc_sstore_clears(&mut self) {
+		self.ext.inc_sstore_clears()
+	}
 }
 
 fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
+	let vms = VMType::all();
+	vms
+		.iter()
+		.flat_map(|vm| do_json_test_for(vm, json_data))
+		.collect()
+}
+
+fn do_json_test_for(vm: &VMType, json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 	let json = Json::from_str(::std::str::from_utf8(json_data).unwrap()).expect("Json is invalid");
 	let mut failed = Vec::new();
 	for (name, test) in json.as_object().unwrap() {
 		println!("name: {:?}", name);
 		// sync io is usefull when something crashes in jit
-		//::std::io::stdout().write(&name.as_bytes());
-		//::std::io::stdout().write(b"\n");
-		//::std::io::stdout().flush();
+		// ::std::io::stdout().write(&name.as_bytes());
+		// ::std::io::stdout().write(b"\n");
+		// ::std::io::stdout().flush();
 		let mut fail = false;
 		//let mut fail_unless = |cond: bool| if !cond && !fail { failed.push(name.to_string()); fail = true };
-		let mut fail_unless = |cond: bool, s: &str | if !cond && !fail { failed.push(name.to_string() + ": "+ s); fail = true };
+		let mut fail_unless = |cond: bool, s: &str | if !cond && !fail { 
+			failed.push(format!("[{}] {}: {}", vm, name.to_string(), s)); 
+			fail = true 
+		};
 	
 		// test env
 		let mut state = State::new_temp();
@@ -191,7 +197,7 @@ fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 			info.timestamp = xjson!(&env["currentTimestamp"]);
 		});
 
-		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
+		let engine = TestEngine::new(1, vm.clone());
 
 		// params
 		let mut params = ActionParams::new();
@@ -214,18 +220,24 @@ fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 
 		// execute
 		let (res, callcreates) = {
-			let ex = Externalities::new(&mut state, &info, &engine, 0, &params, &mut substate, OutputPolicy::Return(BytesRef::Flexible(&mut output)));
-			let mut test_ext = TestExt::new(ex);
-			let evm = Factory::create();
-			let res = evm.exec(&params, &mut test_ext);
-			(res, test_ext.callcreates)
+			let mut ex = TestExt::new(&mut state, 
+									  &info, 
+									  &engine, 
+									  0, 
+									  OriginInfo::from(&params), 
+									  &mut substate, 
+									  OutputPolicy::Return(BytesRef::Flexible(&mut output)),
+									  params.address.clone());
+			let evm = engine.vm_factory().create();
+			let res = evm.exec(params, &mut ex);
+			(res, ex.callcreates)
 		};
 
 		// then validate
 		match res {
 			Err(_) => fail_unless(out_of_gas, "didn't expect to run out of gas."),
 			Ok(gas_left) => {
-				//println!("name: {}, gas_left : {:?}, expected: {:?}", name, gas_left, U256::from(&test["gas"]));
+				// println!("name: {}, gas_left : {:?}", name, gas_left);
 				fail_unless(!out_of_gas, "expected to run out of gas.");
 				fail_unless(gas_left == xjson!(&test["gas"]), "gas_left is incorrect");
 				fail_unless(output == Bytes::from_json(&test["out"]), "output is incorrect");
@@ -247,11 +259,7 @@ fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 					fail_unless(callcreate.data == Bytes::from_json(&expected["data"]), "callcreates data is incorrect");
 					fail_unless(callcreate.destination == xjson!(&expected["destination"]), "callcreates destination is incorrect");
 					fail_unless(callcreate.value == xjson!(&expected["value"]), "callcreates value is incorrect");
-
-					// TODO: call_gas is calculated in externalities and is not exposed to TestExt.
-					// maybe move it to it's own function to simplify calculation?
-					//println!("name: {:?}, callcreate {:?}, expected: {:?}", name, callcreate.gas_limit, U256::from(&expected["gasLimit"]));
-					//fail_unless(callcreate.gas_limit == U256::from(&expected["gasLimit"]), "callcreates gas_limit is incorrect");
+					fail_unless(callcreate.gas_limit == xjson!(&expected["gasLimit"]), "callcreates gas_limit is incorrect");
 				}
 			}
 		}

src/tests/state.rs

@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 	let json = Json::from_str(::std::str::from_utf8(json_data).unwrap()).expect("Json is invalid");
 	let mut failed = Vec::new();
 
-	let engine = ethereum::new_frontier_test().to_engine().unwrap();
-
+	let engine = ethereum::new_frontier_like_test().to_engine().unwrap();
 	flush(format!("\n"));
 
 	for (name, test) in json.as_object().unwrap() {

src/transaction.rs

@@ -215,6 +215,15 @@ impl Transaction {
 		Self::gas_required_for(match self.action{Action::Create=>true, Action::Call(_)=>false}, &self.data, schedule)
 	}
 
+	/// Checks whether the signature has a low 's' value.
+	pub fn check_low_s(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		if !ec::is_low_s(&self.s) {
+			Err(Error::Util(UtilError::Crypto(CryptoError::InvalidSignature)))
+		} else {
+			Ok(())
+		}
+	}
+
 	/// Do basic validation, checking for valid signature and minimum gas,
 	pub fn validate(self, schedule: &Schedule, require_low: bool) -> Result<Transaction, Error> {
 		if require_low && !ec::is_low_s(&self.s) {

src/verification.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@ pub fn verify_block_basic(header: &Header, bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine) -> Res
 		try!(verify_header(&u, engine));
 		try!(engine.verify_block_basic(&u, None));
 	}
+	// Verify transactions.
+	// TODO: either use transaction views or cache the decoded transactions.
+	let v = BlockView::new(bytes);
+	for t in v.transactions() {
+		try!(engine.verify_transaction_basic(&t, &header));
+	}
 	Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -29,6 +35,12 @@ pub fn verify_block_unordered(header: &Header, bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine) ->
 	for u in Rlp::new(bytes).at(2).iter().map(|rlp| rlp.as_val::<Header>()) {
 		try!(engine.verify_block_unordered(&u, None));
 	}
+	// Verify transactions.
+	// TODO: pass in pre-recovered transactions - maybe verify_transaction wants to call `sender()`.
+	let v = BlockView::new(bytes);
+	for t in v.transactions() {
+		try!(engine.verify_transaction(&t, &header));
+	}
 	Ok(())
 }
 

src/views.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,64 @@ use util::*;
 use header::*;
 use transaction::*;
 
+/// View onto transaction rlp.
+pub struct TransactionView<'a> {
+	rlp: Rlp<'a>
+}
+
+impl<'a> TransactionView<'a> {
+	/// Creates new view onto block from raw bytes.
+	pub fn new(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> TransactionView<'a> {
+		TransactionView {
+			rlp: Rlp::new(bytes)
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Creates new view onto block from rlp.
+	pub fn new_from_rlp(rlp: Rlp<'a>) -> TransactionView<'a> {
+		TransactionView {
+			rlp: rlp
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Return reference to underlaying rlp.
+	pub fn rlp(&self) -> &Rlp<'a> {
+		&self.rlp
+	}
+
+	/// Get the nonce field of the transaction.
+	pub fn nonce(&self) -> U256 { self.rlp.val_at(0) }
+
+	/// Get the gas_price field of the transaction.
+	pub fn gas_price(&self) -> U256 { self.rlp.val_at(1) }
+
+	/// Get the gas field of the transaction.
+	pub fn gas(&self) -> U256 { self.rlp.val_at(2) }
+
+	/// Get the value field of the transaction.
+	pub fn value(&self) -> U256 { self.rlp.val_at(4) }
+
+	/// Get the data field of the transaction.
+	pub fn data(&self) -> Bytes { self.rlp.val_at(5) }
+
+	/// Get the v field of the transaction.
+	pub fn v(&self) -> u8 { let r: u16 = self.rlp.val_at(6); r as u8 }
+
+	/// Get the r field of the transaction.
+	pub fn r(&self) -> U256 { self.rlp.val_at(7) }
+
+	/// Get the s field of the transaction.
+	pub fn s(&self) -> U256 { self.rlp.val_at(8) }
+
+	// TODO: something like pub fn action(&self) -> Action { self.rlp.val_at(3) }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Hashable for TransactionView<'a> {
+	fn sha3(&self) -> H256 {
+		self.rlp.as_raw().sha3()
+	}
+}
+
 /// View onto block rlp.
 pub struct BlockView<'a> {
 	rlp: Rlp<'a>
@@ -38,6 +96,11 @@ impl<'a> BlockView<'a> {
 		HeaderView::new_from_rlp(self.rlp.at(0))
 	}
 
+	/// Return List of transactions in given block.
+	pub fn transaction_views(&self) -> Vec<TransactionView> {
+		self.rlp.at(1).iter().map(|rlp| TransactionView::new_from_rlp(rlp)).collect()
+	}
+
 	/// Return List of transactions in given block.
 	pub fn transactions(&self) -> Vec<Transaction> {
 		self.rlp.val_at(1)