Owning views of blockchain data (#3982)

* owning views of blockchain data

* port blockchain and client traits to owning views

* fix ethcore tests

* use strong headers and bodies in ethcore_light

* port ethsync to use owning views

* port rpc to owning views

* port parity informant and blockchain export

ethcore/light/src/client.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use ethcore::block_status::BlockStatus;
 use ethcore::verification::queue::{HeaderQueue, QueueInfo};
 use ethcore::transaction::{SignedTransaction, PendingTransaction};
 use ethcore::blockchain_info::BlockChainInfo;
+use ethcore::encoded;
 
 use io::IoChannel;
 use util::hash::{H256, H256FastMap};
@@ -90,11 +91,11 @@ impl Provider for Client {
 		None
 	}
 
-	fn block_header(&self, _id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_header(&self, _id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Header> {
 		None
 	}
 
-	fn block_body(&self, _id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_body(&self, _id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Body> {
 		None
 	}
 
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ impl Provider for Client {
 		Vec::new()
 	}
 
-	fn header_proof(&self, _req: request::HeaderProof) -> Option<(Bytes, Vec<Bytes>)> {
+	fn header_proof(&self, _req: request::HeaderProof) -> Option<(encoded::Header, Vec<Bytes>)> {
 		None
 	}
 

ethcore/light/src/net/mod.rs

@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ impl LightProtocol {
 			stream.append(&req_id).append(&cur_buffer).begin_list(response.len());
 
 			for header in response {
-				stream.append_raw(&header, 1);
+				stream.append_raw(&header.into_inner(), 1);
 			}
 
 			stream.out()
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ impl LightProtocol {
 		let max_cost = peer.deduct_max(&self.flow_params, request::Kind::Bodies, req.block_hashes.len())?;
 
 		let response = self.provider.block_bodies(req);
-		let response_len = response.iter().filter(|x| &x[..] != &::rlp::EMPTY_LIST_RLP).count();
+		let response_len = response.iter().filter(|x| x.is_some()).count();
 		let actual_cost = self.flow_params.compute_cost(request::Kind::Bodies, response_len);
 		assert!(max_cost >= actual_cost, "Actual cost exceeded maximum computed cost.");
 
@@ -768,7 +768,10 @@ impl LightProtocol {
 			stream.append(&req_id).append(&cur_buffer).begin_list(response.len());
 
 			for body in response {
-				stream.append_raw(&body, 1);
+				match body {
+					Some(body) => stream.append_raw(&body.into_inner(), 1),
+					None => stream.append_empty_data(),
+				};
 			}
 
 			stream.out()

ethcore/light/src/net/tests/mod.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use ethcore::blockchain_info::BlockChainInfo;
 use ethcore::client::{BlockChainClient, EachBlockWith, TestBlockChainClient};
 use ethcore::ids::BlockId;
 use ethcore::transaction::PendingTransaction;
+use ethcore::encoded;
 use network::{PeerId, NodeId};
 
 use net::buffer_flow::FlowParams;
@@ -94,11 +95,11 @@ impl Provider for TestProvider {
 		None
 	}
 
-	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Header> {
 		self.0.client.block_header(id)
 	}
 
-	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Body> {
 		self.0.client.block_body(id)
 	}
 
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ impl Provider for TestProvider {
 		req.account_key.iter().chain(req.account_key.iter()).cloned().collect()
 	}
 
-	fn header_proof(&self, _req: request::HeaderProof) -> Option<(Bytes, Vec<Bytes>)> {
+	fn header_proof(&self, _req: request::HeaderProof) -> Option<(encoded::Header, Vec<Bytes>)> {
 		None
 	}
 
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ fn get_block_headers() {
 
 		response_stream.append(&req_id).append(&new_buf).begin_list(10);
 		for header in headers {
-			response_stream.append_raw(&header, 1);
+			response_stream.append_raw(&header.into_inner(), 1);
 		}
 
 		response_stream.out()
@@ -320,7 +321,7 @@ fn get_block_bodies() {
 
 		response_stream.append(&req_id).append(&new_buf).begin_list(10);
 		for body in bodies {
-			response_stream.append_raw(&body, 1);
+			response_stream.append_raw(&body.into_inner(), 1);
 		}
 
 		response_stream.out()

ethcore/light/src/provider.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use ethcore::blockchain_info::BlockChainInfo;
 use ethcore::client::{BlockChainClient, ProvingBlockChainClient};
 use ethcore::transaction::PendingTransaction;
 use ethcore::ids::BlockId;
+use ethcore::encoded;
 
 use util::{Bytes, H256};
 
@@ -52,9 +53,8 @@ pub trait Provider: Send + Sync {
 	///
 	/// The returned vector may have any length in the range [0, `max`], but the
 	/// results within must adhere to the `skip` and `reverse` parameters.
-	fn block_headers(&self, req: request::Headers) -> Vec<Bytes> {
+	fn block_headers(&self, req: request::Headers) -> Vec<encoded::Header> {
 		use request::HashOrNumber;
-		use ethcore::views::HeaderView;
 
 		if req.max == 0 { return Vec::new() }
 
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ pub trait Provider: Send + Sync {
 					return Vec::new();
 				}
 				Some(header) => {
-					let num = HeaderView::new(&header).number();
+					let num = header.number();
 					let canon_hash = self.block_header(BlockId::Number(num))
-						.map(|h| HeaderView::new(&h).hash());
+						.map(|h| h.hash());
 
 					if req.max == 1 || canon_hash != Some(hash) {
 						// Non-canonical header or single header requested.
@@ -92,19 +92,18 @@ pub trait Provider: Send + Sync {
 	}
 
 	/// Get a block header by id.
-	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes>;
+	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Header>;
 
 	/// Provide as many as possible of the requested blocks (minus the headers) encoded
 	/// in RLP format.
-	fn block_bodies(&self, req: request::Bodies) -> Vec<Bytes> {
+	fn block_bodies(&self, req: request::Bodies) -> Vec<Option<encoded::Body>> {
 		req.block_hashes.into_iter()
 			.map(|hash| self.block_body(BlockId::Hash(hash)))
-			.map(|body| body.unwrap_or_else(|| ::rlp::EMPTY_LIST_RLP.to_vec()))
 			.collect()
 	}
 
 	/// Get a block body by id.
-	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes>;
+	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Body>;
 
 	/// Provide the receipts as many as possible of the requested blocks.
 	/// Returns a vector of RLP-encoded lists of receipts.
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ pub trait Provider: Send + Sync {
 				None => rlp::EMPTY_LIST_RLP.to_vec(),
 				Some((header, proof)) => {
 					let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(2);
-					stream.append_raw(&header, 1).begin_list(proof.len());
+					stream.append_raw(&header.into_inner(), 1).begin_list(proof.len());
 
 					for node in proof {
 						stream.append_raw(&node, 1);
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ pub trait Provider: Send + Sync {
 	/// Provide a header proof from a given Canonical Hash Trie as well as the
 	/// corresponding header. The first element is the block header and the
 	/// second is a merkle proof of the CHT.
-	fn header_proof(&self, req: request::HeaderProof) -> Option<(Bytes, Vec<Bytes>)>;
+	fn header_proof(&self, req: request::HeaderProof) -> Option<(encoded::Header, Vec<Bytes>)>;
 
 	/// Provide pending transactions.
 	fn ready_transactions(&self) -> Vec<PendingTransaction>;
@@ -204,11 +203,11 @@ impl<T: ProvingBlockChainClient + ?Sized> Provider for T {
 		Some(self.pruning_info().earliest_state)
 	}
 
-	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Header> {
 		BlockChainClient::block_header(self, id)
 	}
 
-	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Body> {
 		BlockChainClient::block_body(self, id)
 	}
 
@@ -227,7 +226,7 @@ impl<T: ProvingBlockChainClient + ?Sized> Provider for T {
 		self.code_by_hash(req.account_key, BlockId::Hash(req.block_hash))
 	}
 
-	fn header_proof(&self, _req: request::HeaderProof) -> Option<(Bytes, Vec<Bytes>)> {
+	fn header_proof(&self, _req: request::HeaderProof) -> Option<(encoded::Header, Vec<Bytes>)> {
 		None
 	}
 

ethcore/src/blockchain/blockchain.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ use blockchain::{CacheSize, ImportRoute, Config};
 use db::{self, Writable, Readable, CacheUpdatePolicy};
 use cache_manager::CacheManager;
 use engines::Engine;
+use encoded;
 
 const LOG_BLOOMS_LEVELS: usize = 3;
 const LOG_BLOOMS_ELEMENTS_PER_INDEX: usize = 16;
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ pub trait BlockProvider {
 		self.best_ancient_block().map(|h| self.block_number(&h).expect("Ancient block is always set to an existing block or `None`. Existing block always has a number; qed"))
 	}
 	/// Get raw block data
-	fn block(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes>;
+	fn block(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<encoded::Block>;
 
 	/// Get the familial details concerning a block.
 	fn block_details(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<BlockDetails>;
@@ -80,25 +81,25 @@ pub trait BlockProvider {
 
 	/// Get the partial-header of a block.
 	fn block_header(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Header> {
-		self.block_header_data(hash).map(|header| decode(&header))
+		self.block_header_data(hash).map(|header| header.decode())
 	}
 
 	/// Get the header RLP of a block.
-	fn block_header_data(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes>;
+	fn block_header_data(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<encoded::Header>;
 
 	/// Get the block body (uncles and transactions).
-	fn block_body(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes>;
+	fn block_body(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<encoded::Body>;
 
 	/// Get a list of uncles for a given block.
 	/// Returns None if block does not exist.
 	fn uncles(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Vec<Header>> {
-		self.block_body(hash).map(|bytes| BodyView::new(&bytes).uncles())
+		self.block_body(hash).map(|body| body.uncles())
 	}
 
 	/// Get a list of uncle hashes for a given block.
 	/// Returns None if block does not exist.
 	fn uncle_hashes(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Vec<H256>> {
-		self.block_body(hash).map(|bytes| BodyView::new(&bytes).uncle_hashes())
+		self.block_body(hash).map(|body| body.uncle_hashes())
 	}
 
 	/// Get the number of given block's hash.
@@ -109,8 +110,8 @@ pub trait BlockProvider {
 	/// Get transaction with given transaction hash.
 	fn transaction(&self, address: &TransactionAddress) -> Option<LocalizedTransaction> {
 		self.block_body(&address.block_hash)
-			.and_then(|bytes| self.block_number(&address.block_hash)
-			.and_then(|n| BodyView::new(&bytes).localized_transaction_at(&address.block_hash, n, address.index)))
+			.and_then(|body| self.block_number(&address.block_hash)
+			.and_then(|n| body.view().localized_transaction_at(&address.block_hash, n, address.index)))
 	}
 
 	/// Get transaction receipt.
@@ -122,8 +123,8 @@ pub trait BlockProvider {
 	/// Returns None if block does not exist.
 	fn transactions(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Vec<LocalizedTransaction>> {
 		self.block_body(hash)
-			.and_then(|bytes| self.block_number(hash)
-			.map(|n| BodyView::new(&bytes).localized_transactions(hash, n)))
+			.and_then(|body| self.block_number(hash)
+			.map(|n| body.view().localized_transactions(hash, n)))
 	}
 
 	/// Returns reference to genesis hash.
@@ -224,27 +225,27 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 	}
 
 	/// Get raw block data
-	fn block(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<encoded::Block> {
 		match (self.block_header_data(hash), self.block_body(hash)) {
 			(Some(header), Some(body)) => {
 				let mut block = RlpStream::new_list(3);
-				let body_rlp = Rlp::new(&body);
-				block.append_raw(&header, 1);
+				let body_rlp = body.rlp();
+				block.append_raw(header.rlp().as_raw(), 1);
 				block.append_raw(body_rlp.at(0).as_raw(), 1);
 				block.append_raw(body_rlp.at(1).as_raw(), 1);
-				Some(block.out())
+				Some(encoded::Block::new(block.out()))
 			},
 			_ => None,
 		}
 	}
 
 	/// Get block header data
-	fn block_header_data(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_header_data(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<encoded::Header> {
 		// Check cache first
 		{
 			let read = self.block_headers.read();
 			if let Some(v) = read.get(hash) {
-				return Some(v.clone());
+				return Some(encoded::Header::new(v.clone()));
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -252,7 +253,9 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 		{
 			let best_block = self.best_block.read();
 			if &best_block.hash == hash {
-				return Some(Rlp::new(&best_block.block).at(0).as_raw().to_vec());
+				return Some(encoded::Header::new(
+					Rlp::new(&best_block.block).at(0).as_raw().to_vec()
+				))
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -265,7 +268,7 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 				let bytes: Bytes = UntrustedRlp::new(&b).decompress(RlpType::Blocks).to_vec();
 				let mut write = self.block_headers.write();
 				write.insert(hash.clone(), bytes.clone());
-				Some(bytes)
+				Some(encoded::Header::new(bytes))
 			},
 			None => None
 		};
@@ -275,12 +278,12 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 	}
 
 	/// Get block body data
-	fn block_body(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_body(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<encoded::Body> {
 		// Check cache first
 		{
 			let read = self.block_bodies.read();
 			if let Some(v) = read.get(hash) {
-				return Some(v.clone());
+				return Some(encoded::Body::new(v.clone()));
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -288,7 +291,7 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 		{
 			let best_block = self.best_block.read();
 			if &best_block.hash == hash {
-				return Some(Self::block_to_body(&best_block.block));
+				return Some(encoded::Body::new(Self::block_to_body(&best_block.block)));
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -301,7 +304,7 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 				let bytes: Bytes = UntrustedRlp::new(&b).decompress(RlpType::Blocks).to_vec();
 				let mut write = self.block_bodies.write();
 				write.insert(hash.clone(), bytes.clone());
-				Some(bytes)
+				Some(encoded::Body::new(bytes))
 			},
 			None => None
 		};
@@ -358,7 +361,7 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 		let mut logs = blocks.into_iter()
 			.filter_map(|number| self.block_hash(number).map(|hash| (number, hash)))
 			.filter_map(|(number, hash)| self.block_receipts(&hash).map(|r| (number, hash, r.receipts)))
-			.filter_map(|(number, hash, receipts)| self.block_body(&hash).map(|ref b| (number, hash, receipts, BodyView::new(b).transaction_hashes())))
+			.filter_map(|(number, hash, receipts)| self.block_body(&hash).map(|ref b| (number, hash, receipts, b.transaction_hashes())))
 			.flat_map(|(number, hash, mut receipts, mut hashes)| {
 				if receipts.len() != hashes.len() {
 					warn!("Block {} ({}) has different number of receipts ({}) to transactions ({}). Database corrupt?", number, hash, receipts.len(), hashes.len());
@@ -484,7 +487,7 @@ impl BlockChain {
 			// Fetch best block details
 			let best_block_number = bc.block_number(&best_block_hash).unwrap();
 			let best_block_total_difficulty = bc.block_details(&best_block_hash).unwrap().total_difficulty;
-			let best_block_rlp = bc.block(&best_block_hash).unwrap();
+			let best_block_rlp = bc.block(&best_block_hash).unwrap().into_inner();
 
 			let raw_first = bc.db.get(db::COL_EXTRA, b"first").unwrap().map(|v| v.to_vec());
 			let mut best_ancient = bc.db.get(db::COL_EXTRA, b"ancient").unwrap().map(|h| H256::from_slice(&h));
@@ -578,7 +581,7 @@ impl BlockChain {
 				batch.put(db::COL_EXTRA, b"best", &hash);
 
 				let best_block_total_difficulty = self.block_details(&hash).unwrap().total_difficulty;
-				let best_block_rlp = self.block(&hash).unwrap();
+				let best_block_rlp = self.block(&hash).unwrap().into_inner();
 
 				let mut best_block = self.best_block.write();
 				*best_block = BestBlock {
@@ -862,7 +865,7 @@ impl BlockChain {
 		let number = header.number();
 		let parent_hash = header.parent_hash();
 		let parent_details = self.block_details(&parent_hash).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Invalid parent hash: {:?}", parent_hash));
-		let is_new_best = self.engine.is_new_best_block(self.best_block_total_difficulty(), HeaderView::new(&self.best_block_header()), &parent_details, header);
+		let is_new_best = self.engine.is_new_best_block(self.best_block_total_difficulty(), self.best_block_header().view(), &parent_details, header);
 
 		BlockInfo {
 			hash: hash,
@@ -1108,8 +1111,8 @@ impl BlockChain {
 			BlockLocation::BranchBecomingCanonChain(ref data) => {
 				let addresses = data.enacted.iter()
 					.flat_map(|hash| {
-						let bytes = self.block_body(hash).expect("Enacted block must be in database.");
-						let hashes = BodyView::new(&bytes).transaction_hashes();
+						let body = self.block_body(hash).expect("Enacted block must be in database.");
+						let hashes = body.transaction_hashes();
 						hashes.into_iter()
 							.enumerate()
 							.map(|(i, tx_hash)| (tx_hash, Some(TransactionAddress {
@@ -1129,8 +1132,8 @@ impl BlockChain {
 					});
 
 				let retracted = data.retracted.iter().flat_map(|hash| {
-					let bytes = self.block_body(hash).expect("Retracted block must be in database.");
-					let hashes = BodyView::new(&bytes).transaction_hashes();
+					let body = self.block_body(hash).expect("Retracted block must be in database.");
+					let hashes = body.transaction_hashes();
 					hashes.into_iter().map(|hash| (hash, None)).collect::<HashMap<H256, Option<TransactionAddress>>>()
 				});
 
@@ -1179,7 +1182,7 @@ impl BlockChain {
 
 				let mut blooms: Vec<bc::Bloom> = data.enacted.iter()
 					.map(|hash| self.block_header_data(hash).unwrap())
-					.map(|bytes| HeaderView::new(&bytes).log_bloom())
+					.map(|h| h.log_bloom())
 					.map(Bloom::from)
 					.map(Into::into)
 					.collect();
@@ -1212,9 +1215,10 @@ impl BlockChain {
 	}
 
 	/// Get best block header
-	pub fn best_block_header(&self) -> Bytes {
+	pub fn best_block_header(&self) -> encoded::Header {
 		let block = self.best_block.read();
-		BlockView::new(&block.block).header_view().rlp().as_raw().to_vec()
+		let raw = BlockView::new(&block.block).header_view().rlp().as_raw().to_vec();
+		encoded::Header::new(raw)
 	}
 
 	/// Get current cache size.
@@ -1329,7 +1333,7 @@ mod tests {
 	}
 
 	fn new_chain(genesis: &[u8], db: Arc<Database>) -> BlockChain {
-		BlockChain::new(Config::default(), genesis, db, Spec::new_null().engine) 
+		BlockChain::new(Config::default(), genesis, db, Spec::new_null().engine)
 	}
 
 	#[test]

ethcore/src/client/client.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use util::kvdb::*;
 
 // other
 use io::*;
-use views::{HeaderView, BodyView, BlockView};
+use views::BlockView;
 use error::{ImportError, ExecutionError, CallError, BlockError, ImportResult, Error as EthcoreError};
 use header::BlockNumber;
 use state::{State, CleanupMode};
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ use evm::{Factory as EvmFactory, Schedule};
 use miner::{Miner, MinerService};
 use snapshot::{self, io as snapshot_io};
 use factory::Factories;
-use rlp::{decode, View, UntrustedRlp};
+use rlp::{View, UntrustedRlp};
 use state_db::StateDB;
 use rand::OsRng;
 use client::registry::Registry;
+use encoded;
 
 // re-export
 pub use types::blockchain_info::BlockChainInfo;
@@ -303,17 +304,16 @@ impl Client {
 
 	/// The env info as of the best block.
 	fn latest_env_info(&self) -> EnvInfo {
-		let header_data = self.best_block_header();
-		let view = HeaderView::new(&header_data);
+		let header = self.best_block_header();
 
 		EnvInfo {
-			number: view.number(),
-			author: view.author(),
-			timestamp: view.timestamp(),
-			difficulty: view.difficulty(),
-			last_hashes: self.build_last_hashes(view.hash()),
+			number: header.number(),
+			author: header.author(),
+			timestamp: header.timestamp(),
+			difficulty: header.difficulty(),
+			last_hashes: self.build_last_hashes(header.hash()),
 			gas_used: U256::default(),
-			gas_limit: view.gas_limit(),
+			gas_limit: header.gas_limit(),
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -642,8 +642,7 @@ impl Client {
 				return None;
 			}
 
-			let root = HeaderView::new(&header).state_root();
-
+			let root = header.state_root();
 			State::from_existing(db, root, self.engine.account_start_nonce(), self.factories.clone()).ok()
 		})
 	}
@@ -666,7 +665,6 @@ impl Client {
 	/// Get a copy of the best block's state.
 	pub fn state(&self) -> State {
 		let header = self.best_block_header();
-		let header = HeaderView::new(&header);
 		State::from_existing(
 			self.state_db.lock().boxed_clone_canon(&header.hash()),
 			header.state_root(),
@@ -843,13 +841,12 @@ impl snapshot::DatabaseRestore for Client {
 impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	fn call(&self, t: &SignedTransaction, block: BlockId, analytics: CallAnalytics) -> Result<Executed, CallError> {
 		let header = self.block_header(block).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
-		let view = HeaderView::new(&header);
-		let last_hashes = self.build_last_hashes(view.parent_hash());
+		let last_hashes = self.build_last_hashes(header.parent_hash());
 		let env_info = EnvInfo {
-			number: view.number(),
-			author: view.author(),
-			timestamp: view.timestamp(),
-			difficulty: view.difficulty(),
+			number: header.number(),
+			author: header.author(),
+			timestamp: header.timestamp(),
+			difficulty: header.difficulty(),
 			last_hashes: last_hashes,
 			gas_used: U256::zero(),
 			gas_limit: U256::max_value(),
@@ -879,26 +876,25 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 
 	fn replay(&self, id: TransactionId, analytics: CallAnalytics) -> Result<Executed, CallError> {
 		let address = self.transaction_address(id).ok_or(CallError::TransactionNotFound)?;
-		let header_data = self.block_header(BlockId::Hash(address.block_hash)).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
-		let body_data = self.block_body(BlockId::Hash(address.block_hash)).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
+		let header = self.block_header(BlockId::Hash(address.block_hash)).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
+		let body = self.block_body(BlockId::Hash(address.block_hash)).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
 		let mut state = self.state_at_beginning(BlockId::Hash(address.block_hash)).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned)?;
-		let txs = BodyView::new(&body_data).transactions();
+		let txs = body.transactions();
 
 		if address.index >= txs.len() {
 			return Err(CallError::TransactionNotFound);
 		}
 
 		let options = TransactOptions { tracing: analytics.transaction_tracing, vm_tracing: analytics.vm_tracing, check_nonce: false };
-		let view = HeaderView::new(&header_data);
-		let last_hashes = self.build_last_hashes(view.hash());
+		let last_hashes = self.build_last_hashes(header.hash());
 		let mut env_info = EnvInfo {
-			number: view.number(),
-			author: view.author(),
-			timestamp: view.timestamp(),
-			difficulty: view.difficulty(),
+			number: header.number(),
+			author: header.author(),
+			timestamp: header.timestamp(),
+			difficulty: header.difficulty(),
 			last_hashes: last_hashes,
 			gas_used: U256::default(),
-			gas_limit: view.gas_limit(),
+			gas_limit: header.gas_limit(),
 		};
 		for t in txs.iter().take(address.index) {
 			match Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine, &self.factories.vm).transact(t, Default::default()) {
@@ -959,11 +955,11 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn best_block_header(&self) -> Bytes {
+	fn best_block_header(&self) -> encoded::Header {
 		self.chain.read().best_block_header()
 	}
 
-	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<::encoded::Header> {
 		let chain = self.chain.read();
 		Self::block_hash(&chain, id).and_then(|hash| chain.block_header_data(&hash))
 	}
@@ -977,15 +973,15 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Body> {
 		let chain = self.chain.read();
 		Self::block_hash(&chain, id).and_then(|hash| chain.block_body(&hash))
 	}
 
-	fn block(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Block> {
 		if let BlockId::Pending = id {
 			if let Some(block) = self.miner.pending_block() {
-				return Some(block.rlp_bytes(Seal::Without));
+				return Some(encoded::Block::new(block.rlp_bytes(Seal::Without)));
 			}
 		}
 		let chain = self.chain.read();
@@ -1128,9 +1124,10 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		self.transaction_address(id).map(|addr| addr.block_hash)
 	}
 
-	fn uncle(&self, id: UncleId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn uncle(&self, id: UncleId) -> Option<encoded::Header> {
 		let index = id.position;
-		self.block_body(id.block).and_then(|body| BodyView::new(&body).uncle_rlp_at(index))
+		self.block_body(id.block).and_then(|body| body.view().uncle_rlp_at(index))
+			.map(encoded::Header::new)
 	}
 
 	fn transaction_receipt(&self, id: TransactionId) -> Option<LocalizedReceipt> {
@@ -1138,8 +1135,8 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		self.transaction_address(id)
 			.and_then(|address| chain.block_number(&address.block_hash).and_then(|block_number| {
 			let t = chain.block_body(&address.block_hash)
-				.and_then(|block| {
-					BodyView::new(&block).localized_transaction_at(&address.block_hash, block_number, address.index)
+				.and_then(|body| {
+					body.view().localized_transaction_at(&address.block_hash, block_number, address.index)
 				});
 
 			let tx_and_sender = t.and_then(|tx| tx.sender().ok().map(|sender| (tx, sender)));
@@ -1360,13 +1357,12 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 
 	fn block_extra_info(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<BTreeMap<String, String>> {
 		self.block_header(id)
-			.map(|block| decode(&block))
-			.map(|header| self.engine.extra_info(&header))
+			.map(|header| self.engine.extra_info(&header.decode()))
 	}
 
 	fn uncle_extra_info(&self, id: UncleId) -> Option<BTreeMap<String, String>> {
 		self.uncle(id)
-			.map(|header| self.engine.extra_info(&decode(&header)))
+			.map(|header| self.engine.extra_info(&header.decode()))
 	}
 
 	fn pruning_info(&self) -> PruningInfo {

ethcore/src/client/test_client.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ use miner::{Miner, MinerService, TransactionImportResult};
 use spec::Spec;
 use types::mode::Mode;
 use types::pruning_info::PruningInfo;
-use views::BlockView;
 
 use verification::queue::QueueInfo;
 use block::{OpenBlock, SealedBlock};
@@ -47,6 +46,7 @@ use executive::Executed;
 use error::CallError;
 use trace::LocalizedTrace;
 use state_db::StateDB;
+use encoded;
 
 /// Test client.
 pub struct TestBlockChainClient {
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ impl TestBlockChainClient {
 	/// Make a bad block by setting invalid extra data.
 	pub fn corrupt_block(&self, n: BlockNumber) {
 		let hash = self.block_hash(BlockId::Number(n)).unwrap();
-		let mut header: BlockHeader = decode(&self.block_header(BlockId::Number(n)).unwrap());
+		let mut header: BlockHeader = self.block_header(BlockId::Number(n)).unwrap().decode();
 		header.set_extra_data(b"This extra data is way too long to be considered valid".to_vec());
 		let mut rlp = RlpStream::new_list(3);
 		rlp.append(&header);
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ impl TestBlockChainClient {
 	/// Make a bad block by setting invalid parent hash.
 	pub fn corrupt_block_parent(&self, n: BlockNumber) {
 		let hash = self.block_hash(BlockId::Number(n)).unwrap();
-		let mut header: BlockHeader = decode(&self.block_header(BlockId::Number(n)).unwrap());
+		let mut header: BlockHeader = self.block_header(BlockId::Number(n)).unwrap().decode();
 		header.set_parent_hash(H256::from(42));
 		let mut rlp = RlpStream::new_list(3);
 		rlp.append(&header);
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 		None	// Simple default.
 	}
 
-	fn uncle(&self, _id: UncleId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn uncle(&self, _id: UncleId) -> Option<encoded::Header> {
 		None	// Simple default.
 	}
 
@@ -487,34 +487,39 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 		unimplemented!();
 	}
 
-	fn best_block_header(&self) -> Bytes {
-		self.block_header(BlockId::Hash(self.chain_info().best_block_hash)).expect("Best block always have header.")
+	fn best_block_header(&self) -> encoded::Header {
+		self.block_header(BlockId::Hash(self.chain_info().best_block_hash))
+			.expect("Best block always has header.")
 	}
 
-	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
-		self.block_hash(id).and_then(|hash| self.blocks.read().get(&hash).map(|r| Rlp::new(r).at(0).as_raw().to_vec()))
+	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Header> {
+		self.block_hash(id)
+			.and_then(|hash| self.blocks.read().get(&hash).map(|r| Rlp::new(r).at(0).as_raw().to_vec()))
+			.map(encoded::Header::new)
 	}
 
 	fn block_number(&self, _id: BlockId) -> Option<BlockNumber> {
 		unimplemented!()
 	}
 
-	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
+	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Body> {
 		self.block_hash(id).and_then(|hash| self.blocks.read().get(&hash).map(|r| {
 			let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(2);
 			stream.append_raw(Rlp::new(r).at(1).as_raw(), 1);
 			stream.append_raw(Rlp::new(r).at(2).as_raw(), 1);
-			stream.out()
+			encoded::Body::new(stream.out())
 		}))
 	}
 
-	fn block(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes> {
-		self.block_hash(id).and_then(|hash| self.blocks.read().get(&hash).cloned())
+	fn block(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Block> {
+		self.block_hash(id)
+			.and_then(|hash| self.blocks.read().get(&hash).cloned())
+			.map(encoded::Block::new)
 	}
 
 	fn block_extra_info(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<BTreeMap<String, String>> {
 		self.block(id)
-			.map(|block| BlockView::new(&block).header())
+			.map(|block| block.view().header())
 			.map(|header| self.spec.engine.extra_info(&header))
 	}
 

ethcore/src/client/traits.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ use header::{BlockNumber};
 use transaction::{LocalizedTransaction, SignedTransaction, PendingTransaction};
 use log_entry::LocalizedLogEntry;
 use filter::Filter;
-use views::{BlockView};
 use error::{ImportResult, CallError};
 use receipt::LocalizedReceipt;
 use trace::LocalizedTrace;
@@ -40,6 +39,7 @@ use types::blockchain_info::BlockChainInfo;
 use types::block_status::BlockStatus;
 use types::mode::Mode;
 use types::pruning_info::PruningInfo;
+use encoded;
 
 #[ipc(client_ident="RemoteClient")]
 /// Blockchain database client. Owns and manages a blockchain and a block queue.
@@ -50,17 +50,17 @@ pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
 	fn keep_alive(&self) {}
 
 	/// Get raw block header data by block id.
-	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes>;
+	fn block_header(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Header>;
 
 	/// Look up the block number for the given block ID.
 	fn block_number(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<BlockNumber>;
 
 	/// Get raw block body data by block id.
 	/// Block body is an RLP list of two items: uncles and transactions.
-	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes>;
+	fn block_body(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Body>;
 
 	/// Get raw block data by block header hash.
-	fn block(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Bytes>;
+	fn block(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<encoded::Block>;
 
 	/// Get block status by block header hash.
 	fn block_status(&self, id: BlockId) -> BlockStatus;
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
 	fn transaction_block(&self, id: TransactionId) -> Option<H256>;
 
 	/// Get uncle with given id.
-	fn uncle(&self, id: UncleId) -> Option<Bytes>;
+	fn uncle(&self, id: UncleId) -> Option<encoded::Header>;
 
 	/// Get transaction receipt with given hash.
 	fn transaction_receipt(&self, id: TransactionId) -> Option<LocalizedReceipt>;
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
 	fn additional_params(&self) -> BTreeMap<String, String>;
 
 	/// Get the best block header.
-	fn best_block_header(&self) -> Bytes;
+	fn best_block_header(&self) -> encoded::Header;
 
 	/// Returns numbers of blocks containing given bloom.
 	fn blocks_with_bloom(&self, bloom: &H2048, from_block: BlockId, to_block: BlockId) -> Option<Vec<BlockNumber>>;
@@ -220,8 +220,7 @@ pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
 		let mut corpus = Vec::new();
 		while corpus.is_empty() {
 			for _ in 0..sample_size {
-				let block_bytes = self.block(BlockId::Hash(h)).expect("h is either the best_block_hash or an ancestor; qed");
-				let block = BlockView::new(&block_bytes);
+				let block = self.block(BlockId::Hash(h)).expect("h is either the best_block_hash or an ancestor; qed");
 				let header = block.header_view();
 				if header.number() == 0 {
 					return corpus;

ethcore/src/miner/miner.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ use std::time::{Instant, Duration};
 use util::*;
 use util::using_queue::{UsingQueue, GetAction};
 use account_provider::{AccountProvider, Error as AccountError};
-use views::{BlockView, HeaderView};
-use header::Header;
 use state::{State, CleanupMode};
 use client::{MiningBlockChainClient, Executive, Executed, EnvInfo, TransactOptions, BlockId, CallAnalytics, TransactionId};
 use client::TransactionImportResult;
@@ -536,7 +534,7 @@ impl Miner {
 	}
 
 	fn update_gas_limit(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient) {
-		let gas_limit = HeaderView::new(&chain.best_block_header()).gas_limit();
+		let gas_limit = chain.best_block_header().gas_limit();
 		let mut queue = self.transaction_queue.lock();
 		queue.set_gas_limit(gas_limit);
 		if let GasLimit::Auto = self.options.tx_queue_gas_limit {
@@ -598,7 +596,7 @@ impl Miner {
 
 		let schedule = chain.latest_schedule();
 		let gas_required = |tx: &SignedTransaction| tx.gas_required(&schedule).into();
-		let best_block_header: Header = ::rlp::decode(&chain.best_block_header());
+		let best_block_header = chain.best_block_header().decode();
 		transactions.into_iter()
 			.map(|tx| {
 				if chain.transaction_block(TransactionId::Hash(tx.hash())).is_some() {
@@ -1127,7 +1125,6 @@ impl MinerService for Miner {
 				.map(|hash| {
 					let block = chain.block(BlockId::Hash(*hash))
 						.expect("Client is sending message after commit to db and inserting to chain; the block is available; qed");
-					let block = BlockView::new(&block);
 					let txs = block.transactions();
 					// populate sender
 					for tx in &txs {

ethcore/src/snapshot/mod.rs

@@ -190,8 +190,7 @@ impl<'a> BlockChunker<'a> {
 				.and_then(|b| self.chain.block_receipts(&self.current_hash).map(|r| (b, r)))
 				.ok_or(Error::BlockNotFound(self.current_hash))?;
 
-			let view = BlockView::new(&block);
-			let abridged_rlp = AbridgedBlock::from_block_view(&view).into_inner();
+			let abridged_rlp = AbridgedBlock::from_block_view(&block.view()).into_inner();
 
 			let pair = {
 				let mut pair_stream = RlpStream::new_list(2);
@@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ impl<'a> BlockChunker<'a> {
 			self.rlps.push_front(pair);
 
 			last = self.current_hash;
-			self.current_hash = view.header_view().parent_hash();
+			self.current_hash = block.header_view().parent_hash();
 		}
 
 		if loaded_size != 0 {

ethcore/src/snapshot/watcher.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use util::Mutex;
 use client::{BlockChainClient, Client, ChainNotify};
 use ids::BlockId;
 use service::ClientIoMessage;
-use views::HeaderView;
 
 use io::IoChannel;
 use util::{H256, Bytes};
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ impl<F> Oracle for StandardOracle<F>
 	where F: Send + Sync + Fn() -> bool
 {
 	fn to_number(&self, hash: H256) -> Option<u64> {
-		self.client.block_header(BlockId::Hash(hash)).map(|h| HeaderView::new(&h).number())
+		self.client.block_header(BlockId::Hash(hash)).map(|h| h.number())
 	}
 
 	fn is_major_importing(&self) -> bool {

ethcore/src/tests/client.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use types::filter::Filter;
 use util::*;
 use devtools::*;
 use miner::Miner;
-use rlp::{Rlp, View};
+use rlp::View;
 use spec::Spec;
 use views::BlockView;
 use util::stats::Histogram;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ fn imports_good_block() {
 	client.import_verified_blocks();
 
 	let block = client.block_header(BlockId::Number(1)).unwrap();
-	assert!(!block.is_empty());
+	assert!(!block.into_inner().is_empty());
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ fn query_none_block() {
 fn query_bad_block() {
 	let client_result = get_test_client_with_blocks(vec![get_bad_state_dummy_block()]);
 	let client = client_result.reference();
-	let bad_block:Option<Bytes> = client.block_header(BlockId::Number(1));
+	let bad_block: Option<_> = client.block_header(BlockId::Number(1));
 
 	assert!(bad_block.is_none());
 }
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ fn returns_block_body() {
 	let client = client_result.reference();
 	let block = BlockView::new(&dummy_block);
 	let body = client.block_body(BlockId::Hash(block.header().hash())).unwrap();
-	let body = Rlp::new(&body);
+	let body = body.rlp();
 	assert_eq!(body.item_count(), 2);
 	assert_eq!(body.at(0).as_raw()[..], block.rlp().at(1).as_raw()[..]);
 	assert_eq!(body.at(1).as_raw()[..], block.rlp().at(2).as_raw()[..]);
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ fn imports_block_sequence() {
 	let client = client_result.reference();
 	let block = client.block_header(BlockId::Number(5)).unwrap();
 
-	assert!(!block.is_empty());
+	assert!(!block.into_inner().is_empty());
 }
 
 #[test]

ethcore/src/types/encoded.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Lazily-decoded owning views of RLP-encoded blockchain objects.
+//! These views are meant to contain _trusted_ data -- without encoding
+//! errors or inconsistencies.
+//!
+//! In general these views are useful when only a few fields of an object
+//! are relevant. In these cases it's more efficient to decode the object piecemeal.
+//! When the entirety of the object is needed, it's better to upgrade it to a fully
+//! decoded object where parts like the hash can be saved.
+
+use block::Block as FullBlock;
+use header::{BlockNumber, Header as FullHeader};
+use transaction::SignedTransaction;
+use views;
+
+use util::{Address, Hashable, H256, H2048, U256};
+use rlp::{Rlp, View};
+
+/// Owning header view.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
+pub struct Header(Vec<u8>);
+
+impl Header {
+	/// Create a new owning header view.
+	/// Expects the data to be an RLP-encoded header -- any other case will likely lead to
+	/// panics further down the line.
+	pub fn new(encoded: Vec<u8>) -> Self { Header(encoded) }
+
+	/// Upgrade this encoded view to a fully owned `Header` object.
+	pub fn decode(&self) -> FullHeader { ::rlp::decode(&self.0) }
+
+	/// Get a borrowed header view onto the data.
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn view(&self) -> views::HeaderView { views::HeaderView::new(&self.0) }
+
+	/// Get the rlp of the header.
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn rlp(&self) -> Rlp { Rlp::new(&self.0) }
+
+	/// Consume the view and return the raw bytes.
+	pub fn into_inner(self) -> Vec<u8> { self.0 }
+}
+
+// forwarders to borrowed view.
+impl Header {
+	/// Returns the header hash.
+	pub fn hash(&self) -> H256 { self.sha3() }
+
+	/// Returns the parent hash.
+	pub fn parent_hash(&self) -> H256 { self.view().parent_hash() }
+
+	/// Returns the uncles hash.
+	pub fn uncles_hash(&self) -> H256 { self.view().uncles_hash() }
+
+	/// Returns the author.
+	pub fn author(&self) -> Address { self.view().author() }
+
+	/// Returns the state root.
+	pub fn state_root(&self) -> H256 { self.view().state_root() }
+
+	/// Returns the transaction trie root.
+	pub fn transactions_root(&self) -> H256 { self.view().transactions_root() }
+
+	/// Returns the receipts trie root
+	pub fn receipts_root(&self) -> H256 { self.view().receipts_root() }
+
+	/// Returns the block log bloom
+	pub fn log_bloom(&self) -> H2048 { self.view().log_bloom() }
+
+	/// Difficulty of this block
+	pub fn difficulty(&self) -> U256 { self.view().difficulty() }
+
+	/// Number of this block.
+	pub fn number(&self) -> BlockNumber { self.view().number() }
+
+	/// Time this block was produced.
+	pub fn timestamp(&self) -> u64 { self.view().timestamp() }
+
+	/// Gas limit of this block.
+	pub fn gas_limit(&self) -> U256 { self.view().gas_limit() }
+
+	/// Total gas used in this block.
+	pub fn gas_used(&self) -> U256 { self.view().gas_used() }
+
+	/// Block extra data.
+	pub fn extra_data(&self) -> Vec<u8> { self.view().extra_data() }
+
+	/// Engine-specific seal fields.
+	pub fn seal(&self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> { self.view().seal() }
+}
+
+impl Hashable for Header {
+	fn sha3(&self) -> H256 {
+		self.0.sha3()
+	}
+}
+
+/// Owning block body view.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
+pub struct Body(Vec<u8>);
+
+impl Body {
+	/// Create a new owning block body view. The raw bytes passed in must be an rlp-encoded block
+	/// body.
+	pub fn new(raw: Vec<u8>) -> Self { Body(raw) }
+
+	/// Get a borrowed view of the data within.
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn view(&self) -> views::BodyView { views::BodyView::new(&self.0) }
+
+	/// Fully decode this block body.
+	pub fn decode(&self) -> (Vec<SignedTransaction>, Vec<FullHeader>) {
+		(self.view().transactions(), self.view().uncles())
+	}
+
+	/// Get the RLP of this block body.
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn rlp(&self) -> Rlp {
+		Rlp::new(&self.0)
+	}
+
+	/// Consume the view and return the raw bytes.
+	pub fn into_inner(self) -> Vec<u8> { self.0 }
+}
+
+// forwarders to borrowed view.
+impl Body {
+	/// Get a vector of all transactions.
+	pub fn transactions(&self) -> Vec<SignedTransaction> { self.view().transactions() }
+
+	/// Number of transactions in the block.
+	pub fn transactions_count(&self) -> usize { self.view().transactions_count() }
+
+	/// A view over each transaction in the block.
+	pub fn transaction_views(&self) -> Vec<views::TransactionView> { self.view().transaction_views() }
+
+	/// The hash of each transaction in the block.
+	pub fn transaction_hashes(&self) -> Vec<H256> { self.view().transaction_hashes() }
+
+	/// Decode uncle headers.
+	pub fn uncles(&self) -> Vec<FullHeader> { self.view().uncles() }
+
+	/// Number of uncles.
+	pub fn uncles_count(&self) -> usize { self.view().uncles_count() }
+
+	/// Borrowed view over each uncle.
+	pub fn uncle_views(&self) -> Vec<views::HeaderView> { self.view().uncle_views() }
+
+	/// Hash of each uncle.
+	pub fn uncle_hashes(&self) -> Vec<H256> { self.view().uncle_hashes() }
+}
+
+/// Owning block view.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "ipc", binary)]
+pub struct Block(Vec<u8>);
+
+impl Block {
+	/// Create a new owning block view. The raw bytes passed in must be an rlp-encoded block.
+	pub fn new(raw: Vec<u8>) -> Self { Block(raw) }
+
+	/// Get a borrowed view of the whole block.
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn view(&self) -> views::BlockView { views::BlockView::new(&self.0) }
+
+	/// Get a borrowed view of the block header.
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn header_view(&self) -> views::HeaderView { self.view().header_view() }
+
+	/// Decode to a full block.
+	pub fn decode(&self) -> FullBlock { ::rlp::decode(&self.0) }
+
+	/// Get the rlp of this block.
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn rlp(&self) -> Rlp {
+		Rlp::new(&self.0)
+	}
+
+	/// Consume the view and return the raw bytes.
+	pub fn into_inner(self) -> Vec<u8> { self.0 }
+}
+
+// forwarders to borrowed header view.
+impl Block {
+	/// Returns the header hash.
+	pub fn hash(&self) -> H256 { self.header_view().sha3() }
+
+	/// Returns the parent hash.
+	pub fn parent_hash(&self) -> H256 { self.header_view().parent_hash() }
+
+	/// Returns the uncles hash.
+	pub fn uncles_hash(&self) -> H256 { self.header_view().uncles_hash() }
+
+	/// Returns the author.
+	pub fn author(&self) -> Address { self.header_view().author() }
+
+	/// Returns the state root.
+	pub fn state_root(&self) -> H256 { self.header_view().state_root() }
+
+	/// Returns the transaction trie root.
+	pub fn transactions_root(&self) -> H256 { self.header_view().transactions_root() }
+
+	/// Returns the receipts trie root
+	pub fn receipts_root(&self) -> H256 { self.header_view().receipts_root() }
+
+	/// Returns the block log bloom
+	pub fn log_bloom(&self) -> H2048 { self.header_view().log_bloom() }
+
+	/// Difficulty of this block
+	pub fn difficulty(&self) -> U256 { self.header_view().difficulty() }
+
+	/// Number of this block.
+	pub fn number(&self) -> BlockNumber { self.header_view().number() }
+
+	/// Time this block was produced.
+	pub fn timestamp(&self) -> u64 { self.header_view().timestamp() }
+
+	/// Gas limit of this block.
+	pub fn gas_limit(&self) -> U256 { self.header_view().gas_limit() }
+
+	/// Total gas used in this block.
+	pub fn gas_used(&self) -> U256 { self.header_view().gas_used() }
+
+	/// Block extra data.
+	pub fn extra_data(&self) -> Vec<u8> { self.header_view().extra_data() }
+
+	/// Engine-specific seal fields.
+	pub fn seal(&self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> { self.header_view().seal() }
+}
+
+// forwarders to body view.
+impl Block {
+	/// Get a vector of all transactions.
+	pub fn transactions(&self) -> Vec<SignedTransaction> { self.view().transactions() }
+
+	/// Number of transactions in the block.
+	pub fn transactions_count(&self) -> usize { self.view().transactions_count() }
+
+	/// A view over each transaction in the block.
+	pub fn transaction_views(&self) -> Vec<views::TransactionView> { self.view().transaction_views() }
+
+	/// The hash of each transaction in the block.
+	pub fn transaction_hashes(&self) -> Vec<H256> { self.view().transaction_hashes() }
+
+	/// Decode uncle headers.
+	pub fn uncles(&self) -> Vec<FullHeader> { self.view().uncles() }
+
+	/// Number of uncles.
+	pub fn uncles_count(&self) -> usize { self.view().uncles_count() }
+
+	/// Borrowed view over each uncle.
+	pub fn uncle_views(&self) -> Vec<views::HeaderView> { self.view().uncle_views() }
+
+	/// Hash of each uncle.
+	pub fn uncle_hashes(&self) -> Vec<H256> { self.view().uncle_hashes() }
+}

ethcore/src/types/mod.rs.in

@@ -35,4 +35,5 @@ pub mod restoration_status;
 pub mod snapshot_manifest;
 pub mod mode;
 pub mod pruning_info;
-pub mod security_level;
+pub mod security_level;
+pub mod encoded;

ethcore/src/verification/verification.rs

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ pub fn verify_block_family(header: &Header, bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine, bc: &
 					excluded.insert(details.parent.clone());
 					let b = bc.block(&hash)
 						.expect("parent already known to be stored; qed");
-					excluded.extend(BlockView::new(&b).uncle_hashes());
+					excluded.extend(b.uncle_hashes());
 					hash = details.parent;
 				}
 				None => break
@@ -264,6 +264,7 @@ mod tests {
 	use types::log_entry::{LogEntry, LocalizedLogEntry};
 	use rlp::View;
 	use time::get_time;
+	use encoded;
 
 	fn check_ok(result: Result<(), Error>) {
 		result.unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Block verification failed: {:?}", e));
@@ -322,16 +323,20 @@ mod tests {
 		}
 
 		/// Get raw block data
-		fn block(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes> {
-			self.blocks.get(hash).cloned()
+		fn block(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<encoded::Block> {
+			self.blocks.get(hash).cloned().map(encoded::Block::new)
 		}
 
-		fn block_header_data(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes> {
-			self.block(hash).map(|b| BlockView::new(&b).header_rlp().as_raw().to_vec())
+		fn block_header_data(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<encoded::Header> {
+			self.block(hash)
+				.map(|b| b.header_view().rlp().as_raw().to_vec())
+				.map(encoded::Header::new)
 		}
 
-		fn block_body(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes> {
-			self.block(hash).map(|b| BlockChain::block_to_body(&b))
+		fn block_body(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<encoded::Body> {
+			self.block(hash)
+				.map(|b| BlockChain::block_to_body(&b.into_inner()))
+				.map(encoded::Body::new)
 		}
 
 		fn best_ancient_block(&self) -> Option<H256> {

ethcore/src/views/block.rs

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl<'a> BlockView<'a> {
 	}
 
 	/// Return List of transactions in given block.
-	pub fn transaction_views(&self) -> Vec<TransactionView> {
+	pub fn transaction_views(&self) -> Vec<TransactionView<'a>> {
 		self.rlp.at(1).iter().map(TransactionView::new_from_rlp).collect()
 	}
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ impl<'a> BlockView<'a> {
 	}
 
 	/// Return List of transactions in given block.
-	pub fn uncle_views(&self) -> Vec<HeaderView> {
+	pub fn uncle_views(&self) -> Vec<HeaderView<'a>> {
 		self.rlp.at(2).iter().map(HeaderView::new_from_rlp).collect()
 	}
 

ethcore/src/views/body.rs

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl<'a> BodyView<'a> {
 	}
 
 	/// Return List of transactions in given block.
-	pub fn transaction_views(&self) -> Vec<TransactionView> {
+	pub fn transaction_views(&self) -> Vec<TransactionView<'a>> {
 		self.rlp.at(0).iter().map(TransactionView::new_from_rlp).collect()
 	}
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ impl<'a> BodyView<'a> {
 	}
 
 	/// Return List of transactions in given block.
-	pub fn uncle_views(&self) -> Vec<HeaderView> {
+	pub fn uncle_views(&self) -> Vec<HeaderView<'a>> {
 		self.rlp.at(1).iter().map(HeaderView::new_from_rlp).collect()
 	}
 

parity/blockchain.rs

@@ -186,16 +186,16 @@ fn execute_import(cmd: ImportBlockchain) -> Result<(), String> {
 
 	// prepare client config
 	let mut client_config = to_client_config(
-		&cmd.cache_config, 
-		Mode::Active, 
-		tracing, 
-		fat_db, 
-		cmd.compaction, 
-		cmd.wal, 
-		cmd.vm_type, 
-		"".into(), 
-		algorithm, 
-		cmd.pruning_history, 
+		&cmd.cache_config,
+		Mode::Active,
+		tracing,
+		fat_db,
+		cmd.compaction,
+		cmd.wal,
+		cmd.vm_type,
+		"".into(),
+		algorithm,
+		cmd.pruning_history,
 		cmd.check_seal
 	);
 
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ fn execute_export(cmd: ExportBlockchain) -> Result<(), String> {
 		if i % 10000 == 0 {
 			info!("#{}", i);
 		}
-		let b = client.block(BlockId::Number(i)).ok_or("Error exporting incomplete chain")?;
+		let b = client.block(BlockId::Number(i)).ok_or("Error exporting incomplete chain")?.into_inner();
 		match format {
 			DataFormat::Binary => { out.write(&b).expect("Couldn't write to stream."); }
 			DataFormat::Hex => { out.write_fmt(format_args!("{}", b.pretty())).expect("Couldn't write to stream."); }

parity/informant.rs

@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ use ethsync::{SyncProvider, ManageNetwork};
 use util::{Uint, RwLock, Mutex, H256, Colour, Bytes};
 use ethcore::client::*;
 use ethcore::service::ClientIoMessage;
-use ethcore::views::BlockView;
 use ethcore::snapshot::service::Service as SnapshotService;
 use ethcore::snapshot::{RestorationStatus, SnapshotService as SS};
 use number_prefix::{binary_prefix, Standalone, Prefixed};
 use ethcore_rpc::is_major_importing;
+use rlp::View;
 
 pub struct Informant {
 	report: RwLock<Option<ClientReport>>,
@@ -186,21 +186,19 @@ impl ChainNotify for Informant {
 		let txs_imported = imported.iter()
 			.take(imported.len().saturating_sub(if ripe { 1 } else { 0 }))
 			.filter_map(|h| self.client.block(BlockId::Hash(*h)))
-			.map(|b| BlockView::new(&b).transactions_count())
+			.map(|b| b.transactions_count())
 			.sum();
 
 		if ripe {
 			if let Some(block) = imported.last().and_then(|h| self.client.block(BlockId::Hash(*h))) {
-				let view = BlockView::new(&block);
-				let header = view.header();
-				let tx_count = view.transactions_count();
-				let size = block.len();
+				let header_view = block.header_view();
+				let size = block.rlp().as_raw().len();
 				let (skipped, skipped_txs) = (self.skipped.load(AtomicOrdering::Relaxed) + imported.len() - 1, self.skipped_txs.load(AtomicOrdering::Relaxed) + txs_imported);
 				info!(target: "import", "Imported {} {} ({} txs, {} Mgas, {} ms, {} KiB){}",
-					Colour::White.bold().paint(format!("#{}", header.number())),
-					Colour::White.bold().paint(format!("{}", header.hash())),
-					Colour::Yellow.bold().paint(format!("{}", tx_count)),
-					Colour::Yellow.bold().paint(format!("{:.2}", header.gas_used().low_u64() as f32 / 1000000f32)),
+					Colour::White.bold().paint(format!("#{}", header_view.number())),
+					Colour::White.bold().paint(format!("{}", header_view.hash())),
+					Colour::Yellow.bold().paint(format!("{}", block.transactions_count())),
+					Colour::Yellow.bold().paint(format!("{:.2}", header_view.gas_used().low_u64() as f32 / 1000000f32)),
 					Colour::Purple.bold().paint(format!("{:.2}", duration as f32 / 1000000f32)),
 					Colour::Blue.bold().paint(format!("{:.2}", size as f32 / 1024f32)),
 					if skipped > 0 {

rpc/src/v1/impls/eth.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ use ethcore::account_provider::AccountProvider;
 use ethcore::client::{MiningBlockChainClient, BlockId, TransactionId, UncleId};
 use ethcore::header::{Header as BlockHeader, BlockNumber as EthBlockNumber};
 use ethcore::block::IsBlock;
-use ethcore::views::*;
 use ethcore::ethereum::Ethash;
 use ethcore::transaction::{Transaction as EthTransaction, SignedTransaction, PendingTransaction, Action};
 use ethcore::log_entry::LogEntry;
@@ -122,13 +121,12 @@ impl<C, SN: ?Sized, S: ?Sized, M, EM> EthClient<C, SN, S, M, EM> where
 	fn block(&self, id: BlockId, include_txs: bool) -> Result<Option<RichBlock>, Error> {
 		let client = take_weak!(self.client);
 		match (client.block(id.clone()), client.block_total_difficulty(id)) {
-			(Some(bytes), Some(total_difficulty)) => {
-				let block_view = BlockView::new(&bytes);
-				let view = block_view.header_view();
-				let block = RichBlock {
+			(Some(block), Some(total_difficulty)) => {
+				let view = block.header_view();
+				Ok(Some(RichBlock {
 					block: Block {
 						hash: Some(view.sha3().into()),
-						size: Some(bytes.len().into()),
+						size: Some(block.rlp().as_raw().len().into()),
 						parent_hash: view.parent_hash().into(),
 						uncles_hash: view.uncles_hash().into(),
 						author: view.author().into(),
@@ -144,16 +142,15 @@ impl<C, SN: ?Sized, S: ?Sized, M, EM> EthClient<C, SN, S, M, EM> where
 						difficulty: view.difficulty().into(),
 						total_difficulty: total_difficulty.into(),
 						seal_fields: view.seal().into_iter().map(|f| rlp::decode(&f)).map(Bytes::new).collect(),
-						uncles: block_view.uncle_hashes().into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
+						uncles: block.uncle_hashes().into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
 						transactions: match include_txs {
-							true => BlockTransactions::Full(block_view.localized_transactions().into_iter().map(Into::into).collect()),
-							false => BlockTransactions::Hashes(block_view.transaction_hashes().into_iter().map(Into::into).collect()),
+							true => BlockTransactions::Full(block.view().localized_transactions().into_iter().map(Into::into).collect()),
+							false => BlockTransactions::Hashes(block.transaction_hashes().into_iter().map(Into::into).collect()),
 						},
 						extra_data: Bytes::new(view.extra_data()),
 					},
 					extra_info: client.block_extra_info(id.clone()).expect(EXTRA_INFO_PROOF),
-				};
-				Ok(Some(block))
+				}))
 			},
 			_ => Ok(None)
 		}
@@ -169,7 +166,7 @@ impl<C, SN: ?Sized, S: ?Sized, M, EM> EthClient<C, SN, S, M, EM> where
 	fn uncle(&self, id: UncleId) -> Result<Option<RichBlock>, Error> {
 		let client = take_weak!(self.client);
 		let uncle: BlockHeader = match client.uncle(id) {
-			Some(rlp) => rlp::decode(&rlp),
+			Some(hdr) => hdr.decode(),
 			None => { return Ok(None); }
 		};
 		let parent_difficulty = match client.block_total_difficulty(BlockId::Hash(uncle.parent_hash().clone())) {
@@ -419,7 +416,7 @@ impl<C, SN: ?Sized, S: ?Sized, M, EM> Eth for EthClient<C, SN, S, M, EM> where
 		self.active()?;
 		Ok(
 			take_weak!(self.client).block(BlockId::Hash(hash.into()))
-				.map(|bytes| BlockView::new(&bytes).transactions_count().into())
+				.map(|block| block.transactions_count().into())
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -432,7 +429,7 @@ impl<C, SN: ?Sized, S: ?Sized, M, EM> Eth for EthClient<C, SN, S, M, EM> where
 			)),
 			_ => Ok(
 				take_weak!(self.client).block(num.into())
-					.map(|bytes| BlockView::new(&bytes).transactions_count().into())
+					.map(|block| block.transactions_count().into())
 				)
 		}
 	}
@@ -442,7 +439,7 @@ impl<C, SN: ?Sized, S: ?Sized, M, EM> Eth for EthClient<C, SN, S, M, EM> where
 
 		Ok(
 			take_weak!(self.client).block(BlockId::Hash(hash.into()))
-				.map(|bytes| BlockView::new(&bytes).uncles_count().into())
+				.map(|block| block.uncles_count().into())
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -453,7 +450,7 @@ impl<C, SN: ?Sized, S: ?Sized, M, EM> Eth for EthClient<C, SN, S, M, EM> where
 			BlockNumber::Pending => Ok(Some(0.into())),
 			_ => Ok(
 				take_weak!(self.client).block(num.into())
-					.map(|bytes| BlockView::new(&bytes).uncles_count().into())
+					.map(|block| block.uncles_count().into())
 			),
 		}
 	}

sync/src/blocks.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 use util::*;
 use rlp::*;
 use network::NetworkError;
-use ethcore::header::{ Header as BlockHeader};
+use ethcore::header::Header as BlockHeader;
 
 known_heap_size!(0, HeaderId);
 
@@ -511,7 +511,9 @@ mod test {
 		let client = TestBlockChainClient::new();
 		let nblocks = 200;
 		client.add_blocks(nblocks, EachBlockWith::Nothing);
-		let blocks: Vec<_> = (0 .. nblocks).map(|i| (&client as &BlockChainClient).block(BlockId::Number(i as BlockNumber)).unwrap()).collect();
+		let blocks: Vec<_> = (0..nblocks)
+			.map(|i| (&client as &BlockChainClient).block(BlockId::Number(i as BlockNumber)).unwrap().into_inner())
+			.collect();
 		let headers: Vec<_> = blocks.iter().map(|b| Rlp::new(b).at(0).as_raw().to_vec()).collect();
 		let hashes: Vec<_> = headers.iter().map(|h| HeaderView::new(h).sha3()).collect();
 		let heads: Vec<_> = hashes.iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(i, h)| if i % 20 == 0 { Some(h.clone()) } else { None }).collect();
@@ -564,7 +566,9 @@ mod test {
 		let client = TestBlockChainClient::new();
 		let nblocks = 200;
 		client.add_blocks(nblocks, EachBlockWith::Nothing);
-		let blocks: Vec<_> = (0 .. nblocks).map(|i| (&client as &BlockChainClient).block(BlockId::Number(i as BlockNumber)).unwrap()).collect();
+		let blocks: Vec<_> = (0..nblocks)
+			.map(|i| (&client as &BlockChainClient).block(BlockId::Number(i as BlockNumber)).unwrap().into_inner())
+			.collect();
 		let headers: Vec<_> = blocks.iter().map(|b| Rlp::new(b).at(0).as_raw().to_vec()).collect();
 		let hashes: Vec<_> = headers.iter().map(|h| HeaderView::new(h).sha3()).collect();
 		let heads: Vec<_> = hashes.iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(i, h)| if i % 20 == 0 { Some(h.clone()) } else { None }).collect();
@@ -586,7 +590,9 @@ mod test {
 		let client = TestBlockChainClient::new();
 		let nblocks = 200;
 		client.add_blocks(nblocks, EachBlockWith::Nothing);
-		let blocks: Vec<_> = (0 .. nblocks).map(|i| (&client as &BlockChainClient).block(BlockId::Number(i as BlockNumber)).unwrap()).collect();
+		let blocks: Vec<_> = (0..nblocks)
+			.map(|i| (&client as &BlockChainClient).block(BlockId::Number(i as BlockNumber)).unwrap().into_inner())
+			.collect();
 		let headers: Vec<_> = blocks.iter().map(|b| Rlp::new(b).at(0).as_raw().to_vec()).collect();
 		let hashes: Vec<_> = headers.iter().map(|h| HeaderView::new(h).sha3()).collect();
 		let heads: Vec<_> = hashes.iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(i, h)| if i % 20 == 0 { Some(h.clone()) } else { None }).collect();

sync/src/chain.rs

@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@
 use util::*;
 use rlp::*;
 use network::*;
-use ethcore::views::{HeaderView};
 use ethcore::header::{BlockNumber, Header as BlockHeader};
 use ethcore::client::{BlockChainClient, BlockStatus, BlockId, BlockChainInfo, BlockImportError, BlockQueueInfo};
 use ethcore::error::*;
@@ -1493,14 +1492,15 @@ impl ChainSync {
 			trace!(target: "sync", "{} -> GetBlockHeaders (hash: {}, max: {}, skip: {}, reverse:{})", peer_id, hash, max_headers, skip, reverse);
 			match io.chain().block_header(BlockId::Hash(hash)) {
 				Some(hdr) => {
-					let number = From::from(HeaderView::new(&hdr).number());
-					debug_assert_eq!(HeaderView::new(&hdr).sha3(), hash);
+					let number = hdr.number().into();
+					debug_assert_eq!(hdr.sha3(), hash);
+
 					if max_headers == 1 || io.chain().block_hash(BlockId::Number(number)) != Some(hash) {
 						// Non canonical header or single header requested
 						// TODO: handle single-step reverse hashchains of non-canon hashes
 						trace!(target:"sync", "Returning single header: {:?}", hash);
 						let mut rlp = RlpStream::new_list(1);
-						rlp.append_raw(&hdr, 1);
+						rlp.append_raw(&hdr.into_inner(), 1);
 						return Ok(Some((BLOCK_HEADERS_PACKET, rlp)));
 					}
 					number
@@ -1528,8 +1528,8 @@ impl ChainSync {
 				trace!(target: "sync", "{}: Returning cached fork header", peer_id);
 				data.extend_from_slice(hdr);
 				count += 1;
-			} else if let Some(mut hdr) = io.chain().block_header(BlockId::Number(number)) {
-				data.append(&mut hdr);
+			} else if let Some(hdr) = io.chain().block_header(BlockId::Number(number)) {
+				data.append(&mut hdr.into_inner());
 				count += 1;
 			} else {
 				// No required block.
@@ -1562,8 +1562,8 @@ impl ChainSync {
 		let mut added = 0usize;
 		let mut data = Bytes::new();
 		for i in 0..count {
-			if let Some(mut hdr) = io.chain().block_body(BlockId::Hash(r.val_at::<H256>(i)?)) {
-				data.append(&mut hdr);
+			if let Some(body) = io.chain().block_body(BlockId::Hash(r.val_at::<H256>(i)?)) {
+				data.append(&mut body.into_inner());
 				added += 1;
 			}
 		}
@@ -1585,8 +1585,8 @@ impl ChainSync {
 		let mut added = 0usize;
 		let mut data = Vec::new();
 		for i in 0..count {
-			if let Some(hdr) = io.chain().state_data(&r.val_at::<H256>(i)?) {
-				data.push(hdr);
+			if let Some(node) = io.chain().state_data(&r.val_at::<H256>(i)?) {
+				data.push(node);
 				added += 1;
 			}
 		}
@@ -1819,8 +1819,8 @@ impl ChainSync {
 						let mut rlp_stream = RlpStream::new_list(blocks.len());
 						for block_hash in  blocks {
 							let mut hash_rlp = RlpStream::new_list(2);
-							let number = HeaderView::new(&chain.block_header(BlockId::Hash(block_hash.clone()))
-								.expect("chain.tree_route and chain.find_uncles only return hahses of blocks that are in the blockchain. qed.")).number();
+							let number = chain.block_header(BlockId::Hash(block_hash.clone()))
+								.expect("chain.tree_route and chain.find_uncles only return hahses of blocks that are in the blockchain. qed.").number();
 							hash_rlp.append(&block_hash);
 							hash_rlp.append(&number);
 							rlp_stream.append_raw(hash_rlp.as_raw(), 1);
@@ -1844,7 +1844,8 @@ impl ChainSync {
 	/// creates latest block rlp for the given client
 	fn create_latest_block_rlp(chain: &BlockChainClient) -> Bytes {
 		ChainSync::create_block_rlp(
-			&chain.block(BlockId::Hash(chain.chain_info().best_block_hash)).expect("Best block always exists"),
+			&chain.block(BlockId::Hash(chain.chain_info().best_block_hash))
+				.expect("Best block always exists").into_inner(),
 			chain.chain_info().total_difficulty
 		)
 	}
@@ -1852,7 +1853,7 @@ impl ChainSync {
 	/// creates given hash block rlp for the given client
 	fn create_new_block_rlp(chain: &BlockChainClient, hash: &H256) -> Bytes {
 		ChainSync::create_block_rlp(
-			&chain.block(BlockId::Hash(hash.clone())).expect("Block has just been sealed; qed"),
+			&chain.block(BlockId::Hash(hash.clone())).expect("Block has just been sealed; qed").into_inner(),
 			chain.block_total_difficulty(BlockId::Hash(hash.clone())).expect("Block has just been sealed; qed.")
 		)
 	}
@@ -1915,8 +1916,7 @@ impl ChainSync {
 	fn propagate_new_hashes(&mut self, chain_info: &BlockChainInfo, io: &mut SyncIo, peers: &[PeerId]) -> usize {
 		trace!(target: "sync", "Sending NewHashes to {:?}", peers);
 		let mut sent = 0;
-		let last_parent = HeaderView::new(&io.chain().block_header(BlockId::Hash(chain_info.best_block_hash.clone()))
-			.expect("Best block always exists")).parent_hash();
+		let last_parent = &io.chain().best_block_header().parent_hash();
 		for peer_id in peers {
 			sent += match ChainSync::create_new_hashes_rlp(io.chain(), &last_parent, &chain_info.best_block_hash) {
 				Some(rlp) => {
@@ -2099,7 +2099,6 @@ mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use ::SyncConfig;
 	use super::{PeerInfo, PeerAsking};
-	use ethcore::views::BlockView;
 	use ethcore::header::*;
 	use ethcore::client::*;
 	use ethcore::miner::MinerService;
@@ -2253,7 +2252,8 @@ mod tests {
 
 		let mut client = TestBlockChainClient::new();
 		client.add_blocks(100, EachBlockWith::Nothing);
-		let blocks: Vec<_> = (0 .. 100).map(|i| (&client as &BlockChainClient).block(BlockId::Number(i as BlockNumber)).unwrap()).collect();
+		let blocks: Vec<_> = (0 .. 100)
+			.map(|i| (&client as &BlockChainClient).block(BlockId::Number(i as BlockNumber)).map(|b| b.into_inner()).unwrap()).collect();
 		let headers: Vec<_> = blocks.iter().map(|b| Rlp::new(b).at(0).as_raw().to_vec()).collect();
 		let hashes: Vec<_> = headers.iter().map(|h| HeaderView::new(h).sha3()).collect();
 
@@ -2444,7 +2444,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut client = TestBlockChainClient::new();
 		client.add_blocks(2, EachBlockWith::Uncle);
 		let queue = RwLock::new(VecDeque::new());
-		let block = client.block(BlockId::Latest).unwrap();
+		let block = client.block(BlockId::Latest).unwrap().into_inner();
 		let mut sync = ChainSync::new(SyncConfig::default(), &client);
 		sync.peers.insert(0,
 			PeerInfo {
@@ -2722,9 +2722,8 @@ mod tests {
 		// Add some balance to clients and reset nonces
 		for h in &[good_blocks[0], retracted_blocks[0]] {
 			let block = client.block(BlockId::Hash(*h)).unwrap();
-			let view = BlockView::new(&block);
-			client.set_balance(view.transactions()[0].sender().unwrap(), U256::from(1_000_000_000));
-			client.set_nonce(view.transactions()[0].sender().unwrap(), U256::from(0));
+			client.set_balance(block.transactions()[0].sender().unwrap(), U256::from(1_000_000_000));
+			client.set_nonce(block.transactions()[0].sender().unwrap(), U256::from(0));
 		}
 
 
@@ -2741,8 +2740,7 @@ mod tests {
 		// We need to update nonce status (because we say that the block has been imported)
 		for h in &[good_blocks[0]] {
 			let block = client.block(BlockId::Hash(*h)).unwrap();
-			let view = BlockView::new(&block);
-			client.set_nonce(view.transactions()[0].sender().unwrap(), U256::from(1));
+			client.set_nonce(block.transactions()[0].sender().unwrap(), U256::from(1));
 		}
 		{
 			let queue = RwLock::new(VecDeque::new());