// Copyright 2015-2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd. // This file is part of Parity. // Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU General Public License for more details. // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License // along with Parity. If not, see . //! Ledger hardware wallet module. Supports Ledger Blue and Nano S. /// See https://github.com/LedgerHQ/blue-app-eth/blob/master/doc/ethapp.asc for protocol details. use std::cmp::min; use std::fmt; use std::str::FromStr; use std::sync::atomic; use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool; use std::sync::{Arc, Weak}; use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; use std::thread; use ethereum_types::{H256, Address}; use ethkey::Signature; use hidapi; use libusb; use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock}; use super::{WalletInfo, KeyPath, Device, Wallet, USB_DEVICE_CLASS_DEVICE}; /// Ledger vendor ID const LEDGER_VID: u16 = 0x2c97; /// Ledger product IDs: [Nano S and Blue] const LEDGER_PIDS: [u16; 2] = [0x0000, 0x0001]; const ETH_DERIVATION_PATH_BE: [u8; 17] = [4, 0x80, 0, 0, 44, 0x80, 0, 0, 60, 0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]; // 44'/60'/0'/0 const ETC_DERIVATION_PATH_BE: [u8; 21] = [5, 0x80, 0, 0, 44, 0x80, 0, 0, 60, 0x80, 0x02, 0x73, 0xd0, 0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]; // 44'/60'/160720'/0'/0 const APDU_TAG: u8 = 0x05; const APDU_CLA: u8 = 0xe0; #[cfg(windows)] const HID_PREFIX_ZERO: usize = 1; #[cfg(not(windows))] const HID_PREFIX_ZERO: usize = 0; mod commands { pub const GET_APP_CONFIGURATION: u8 = 0x06; pub const GET_ETH_PUBLIC_ADDRESS: u8 = 0x02; pub const SIGN_ETH_TRANSACTION: u8 = 0x04; } /// Hardware wallet error. #[derive(Debug)] pub enum Error { /// Ethereum wallet protocol error. Protocol(&'static str), /// Hidapi error. Usb(hidapi::HidError), /// Libusb error LibUsb(libusb::Error), /// Device with request key is not available. KeyNotFound, /// Signing has been cancelled by user. UserCancel, /// Invalid device InvalidDevice, /// Impossible error ImpossibleError, } impl fmt::Display for Error { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> { match *self { Error::Protocol(ref s) => write!(f, "Ledger protocol error: {}", s), Error::Usb(ref e) => write!(f, "USB communication error: {}", e), Error::LibUsb(ref e) => write!(f, "LibUSB communication error: {}", e), Error::KeyNotFound => write!(f, "Key not found"), Error::UserCancel => write!(f, "Operation has been cancelled"), Error::InvalidDevice => write!(f, "Unsupported product was entered"), Error::ImpossibleError => write!(f, "Placeholder error"), } } } impl From for Error { fn from(err: hidapi::HidError) -> Error { Error::Usb(err) } } impl From for Error { fn from(err: libusb::Error) -> Error { Error::LibUsb(err) } } /// Ledger device manager. pub struct Manager { usb: Arc>, devices: RwLock>, key_path: RwLock, } impl Manager { /// Create a new instance. pub fn new(hidapi: Arc>, exiting: Arc) -> Result, libusb::Error> { let manager = Arc::new(Manager { usb: hidapi, devices: RwLock::new(Vec::new()), key_path: RwLock::new(KeyPath::Ethereum), }); let usb_context = Arc::new(libusb::Context::new()?); let m = manager.clone(); // Subscribe to all Ledger devices // This means that we need to check that the given productID is supported // None => LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY, in other words that all are subscribed to // More info can be found: usb_context.register_callback( Some(LEDGER_VID), None, Some(USB_DEVICE_CLASS_DEVICE), Box::new(EventHandler::new(Arc::downgrade(&manager)))).expect("usb_callback"); // Ledger event handler thread thread::Builder::new() .spawn(move || { if let Err(e) = m.update_devices() { debug!(target: "hw", "Ledger couldn't connect at startup, error: {}", e); } loop { usb_context.handle_events(Some(Duration::from_millis(500))) .unwrap_or_else(|e| debug!(target: "hw", "Ledger event handler error: {}", e)); if exiting.load(atomic::Ordering::Acquire) { break; } } }) .ok(); Ok(manager) } fn send_apdu(handle: &hidapi::HidDevice, command: u8, p1: u8, p2: u8, data: &[u8]) -> Result, Error> { const HID_PACKET_SIZE: usize = 64 + HID_PREFIX_ZERO; let mut offset = 0; let mut chunk_index = 0; loop { let mut hid_chunk: [u8; HID_PACKET_SIZE] = [0; HID_PACKET_SIZE]; let mut chunk_size = if chunk_index == 0 { 12 } else { 5 }; let size = min(64 - chunk_size, data.len() - offset); { let chunk = &mut hid_chunk[HID_PREFIX_ZERO..]; &mut chunk[0..5].copy_from_slice(&[0x01, 0x01, APDU_TAG, (chunk_index >> 8) as u8, (chunk_index & 0xff) as u8 ]); if chunk_index == 0 { let data_len = data.len() + 5; &mut chunk[5..12].copy_from_slice(&[ (data_len >> 8) as u8, (data_len & 0xff) as u8, APDU_CLA, command, p1, p2, data.len() as u8 ]); } &mut chunk[chunk_size..chunk_size + size].copy_from_slice(&data[offset..offset + size]); offset += size; chunk_size += size; } trace!("writing {:?}", &hid_chunk[..]); let n = handle.write(&hid_chunk[..])?; if n < chunk_size { return Err(Error::Protocol("Write data size mismatch")); } if offset == data.len() { break; } chunk_index += 1; } // Read response chunk_index = 0; let mut message_size = 0; let mut message = Vec::new(); loop { let mut chunk: [u8; HID_PACKET_SIZE] = [0; HID_PACKET_SIZE]; let chunk_size = handle.read(&mut chunk)?; trace!("read {:?}", &chunk[..]); if chunk_size < 5 || chunk[0] != 0x01 || chunk[1] != 0x01 || chunk[2] != APDU_TAG { return Err(Error::Protocol("Unexpected chunk header")); } let seq = (chunk[3] as usize) << 8 | (chunk[4] as usize); if seq != chunk_index { return Err(Error::Protocol("Unexpected chunk header")); } let mut offset = 5; if seq == 0 { // Read message size and status word. if chunk_size < 7 { return Err(Error::Protocol("Unexpected chunk header")); } message_size = (chunk[5] as usize) << 8 | (chunk[6] as usize); offset += 2; } message.extend_from_slice(&chunk[offset..chunk_size]); message.truncate(message_size); if message.len() == message_size { break; } chunk_index += 1; } if message.len() < 2 { return Err(Error::Protocol("No status word")); } let status = (message[message.len() - 2] as usize) << 8 | (message[message.len() - 1] as usize); debug!(target: "hw", "Read status {:x}", status); match status { 0x6700 => Err(Error::Protocol("Incorrect length")), 0x6982 => Err(Error::Protocol("Security status not satisfied (Canceled by user)")), 0x6a80 => Err(Error::Protocol("Invalid data")), 0x6a82 => Err(Error::Protocol("File not found")), 0x6a85 => Err(Error::UserCancel), 0x6b00 => Err(Error::Protocol("Incorrect parameters")), 0x6d00 => Err(Error::Protocol("Not implemented. Make sure Ethereum app is running.")), 0x6faa => Err(Error::Protocol("You Ledger need to be unplugged")), 0x6f00...0x6fff => Err(Error::Protocol("Internal error")), 0x9000 => Ok(()), _ => Err(Error::Protocol("Unknown error")), }?; let new_len = message.len() - 2; message.truncate(new_len); Ok(message) } fn is_valid_ledger(device: &libusb::Device) -> Result<(), Error> { let desc = device.device_descriptor()?; let vendor_id = desc.vendor_id(); let product_id = desc.product_id(); if vendor_id == LEDGER_VID && LEDGER_PIDS.contains(&product_id) { Ok(()) } else { Err(Error::InvalidDevice) } } } // Try to connect to the device using polling in at most the time specified by the `timeout` fn try_connect_polling(ledger: Arc, timeout: Duration) -> bool { let start_time = Instant::now(); while start_time.elapsed() <= timeout { if let Ok(_) = ledger.update_devices() { return true } } false } impl <'a>Wallet<'a> for Manager { type Error = Error; type Transaction = &'a [u8]; fn sign_transaction(&self, address: &Address, transaction: Self::Transaction) -> Result { let usb = self.usb.lock(); let devices = self.devices.read(); let device = devices.iter().find(|d| &d.info.address == address).ok_or(Error::KeyNotFound)?; let handle = self.open_path(|| usb.open_path(&device.path))?; let eth_path = Ð_DERIVATION_PATH_BE[..]; let etc_path = &ETC_DERIVATION_PATH_BE[..]; let derivation_path = match *self.key_path.read() { KeyPath::Ethereum => eth_path, KeyPath::EthereumClassic => etc_path, }; const MAX_CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 255; let mut chunk: [u8; MAX_CHUNK_SIZE] = [0; MAX_CHUNK_SIZE]; &mut chunk[0..derivation_path.len()].copy_from_slice(derivation_path); let mut dest_offset = derivation_path.len(); let mut data_pos = 0; let mut result; loop { let p1 = if data_pos == 0 { 0x00 } else { 0x80 }; let dest_left = MAX_CHUNK_SIZE - dest_offset; let chunk_data_size = min(dest_left, transaction.len() - data_pos); &mut chunk[dest_offset..][0..chunk_data_size].copy_from_slice(&transaction[data_pos..][0..chunk_data_size]); result = Self::send_apdu(&handle, commands::SIGN_ETH_TRANSACTION, p1, 0, &chunk[0..(dest_offset + chunk_data_size)])?; dest_offset = 0; data_pos += chunk_data_size; if data_pos == transaction.len() { break; } } if result.len() != 65 { return Err(Error::Protocol("Signature packet size mismatch")); } let v = (result[0] + 1) % 2; let r = H256::from_slice(&result[1..33]); let s = H256::from_slice(&result[33..65]); Ok(Signature::from_rsv(&r, &s, v)) } fn set_key_path(&self, key_path: KeyPath) { *self.key_path.write() = key_path; } fn update_devices(&self) -> Result { let mut usb = self.usb.lock(); usb.refresh_devices(); let devices = usb.devices(); let mut new_devices = Vec::new(); let mut num_new_devices = 0; for device in devices { trace!("Checking device: {:?}", device); if device.vendor_id != LEDGER_VID || !LEDGER_PIDS.contains(&device.product_id) { continue; } match self.read_device(&usb, &device) { Ok(info) => { debug!(target: "hw", "Found device: {:?}", info); if !self.devices.read().iter().any(|d| d.path == info.path) { num_new_devices += 1; } new_devices.push(info); } Err(e) => debug!(target: "hw", "Error reading device info: {}", e), }; } *self.devices.write() = new_devices; Ok(num_new_devices) } fn read_device(&self, usb: &hidapi::HidApi, dev_info: &hidapi::HidDeviceInfo) -> Result { let handle = self.open_path(|| usb.open_path(&dev_info.path))?; let manufacturer = dev_info.manufacturer_string.clone().unwrap_or("Unknown".to_owned()); let name = dev_info.product_string.clone().unwrap_or("Unknown".to_owned()); let serial = dev_info.serial_number.clone().unwrap_or("Unknown".to_owned()); match self.get_address(&handle) { Ok(Some(addr)) => { Ok(Device { path: dev_info.path.clone(), info: WalletInfo { name: name, manufacturer: manufacturer, serial: serial, address: addr, }, }) } // This variant is not possible, but the trait forces this return type Ok(None) => Err(Error::ImpossibleError), Err(e) => Err(e), } } fn list_devices(&self) -> Vec { self.devices.read().iter().map(|d| d.info.clone()).collect() } // Not used because it is not supported by Ledger fn list_locked_devices(&self) -> Vec { vec![] } fn get_wallet(&self, address: &Address) -> Option { self.devices.read().iter().find(|d| &d.info.address == address).map(|d| d.info.clone()) } fn get_address(&self, device: &hidapi::HidDevice) -> Result, Self::Error> { let ver = Self::send_apdu(device, commands::GET_APP_CONFIGURATION, 0, 0, &[])?; if ver.len() != 4 { return Err(Error::Protocol("Version packet size mismatch")); } let (major, minor, patch) = (ver[1], ver[2], ver[3]); if major < 1 || (major == 1 && minor == 0 && patch < 3) { return Err(Error::Protocol("App version 1.0.3 is required.")); } let eth_path = Ð_DERIVATION_PATH_BE[..]; let etc_path = &ETC_DERIVATION_PATH_BE[..]; let derivation_path = match *self.key_path.read() { KeyPath::Ethereum => eth_path, KeyPath::EthereumClassic => etc_path, }; let key_and_address = Self::send_apdu(device, commands::GET_ETH_PUBLIC_ADDRESS, 0, 0, derivation_path)?; if key_and_address.len() != 107 { // 1 + 65 PK + 1 + 40 Addr (ascii-hex) return Err(Error::Protocol("Key packet size mismatch")); } let address_string = ::std::str::from_utf8(&key_and_address[67..107]) .map_err(|_| Error::Protocol("Invalid address string"))?; let address = Address::from_str(&address_string) .map_err(|_| Error::Protocol("Invalid address string"))?; Ok(Some(address)) } fn open_path(&self, f: F) -> Result where F: Fn() -> Result { f().map_err(Into::into) } } /// Ledger event handler /// A separate thread is handling incoming events /// /// Note, that this run to completion and race-conditions can't occur but this can /// therefore starve other events for being process with a spinlock or similar struct EventHandler { ledger: Weak, } impl EventHandler { /// Ledger event handler constructor fn new(ledger: Weak) -> Self { Self { ledger: ledger } } } impl libusb::Hotplug for EventHandler { fn device_arrived(&mut self, device: libusb::Device) { debug!(target: "hw", "Ledger arrived"); if let (Some(ledger), Ok(_)) = (self.ledger.upgrade(), Manager::is_valid_ledger(&device)) { if try_connect_polling(ledger, Duration::from_millis(500)) != true { debug!(target: "hw", "Ledger connect timeout"); } } } fn device_left(&mut self, device: libusb::Device) { debug!(target: "hw", "Ledger left"); if let (Some(ledger), Ok(_)) = (self.ledger.upgrade(), Manager::is_valid_ledger(&device)) { if try_connect_polling(ledger, Duration::from_millis(500)) != true { debug!(target: "hw", "Ledger disconnect timeout"); } } } } #[test] #[ignore] /// This test can't be run without an actual ledger device connected fn smoke() { use rustc_hex::FromHex; let hidapi = Arc::new(Mutex::new(hidapi::HidApi::new().expect("HidApi"))); let manager = Manager::new(hidapi.clone(), Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false))).expect("Ledger Manager"); // Update device list assert_eq!(try_connect_polling(manager.clone(), Duration::from_millis(500)), true); // Fetch the ethereum address of a connected ledger device let address = manager.list_devices() .iter() .filter(|d| d.manufacturer == "Ledger".to_string()) .nth(0) .map(|d| d.address.clone()) .expect("No ledger device detected"); let tx = FromHex::from_hex("eb018504a817c80082520894a6ca2e6707f2cc189794a9dd459d5b05ed1bcd1c8703f26fcfb7a22480018080").unwrap(); let signature = manager.sign_transaction(&address, &tx); println!("Got {:?}", signature); assert!(signature.is_ok()); let large_tx = FromHex::from_hex("f8cb81968504e3b2920083024f279475b02a3c39710d6a3f2870d0d788299d48e790f180b8a4b61d27f6000000000000000000000000e1af840a5a1cb1efdf608a97aa632f4aa39ed199000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000105ff43f46a9a800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000018080").unwrap(); let signature = manager.sign_transaction(&address, &large_tx); println!("Got {:?}", signature); assert!(signature.is_ok()); let huge_tx = FromHex::from_hex("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let signature = manager.sign_transaction(&address, &huge_tx); println!("Got {:?}", signature); assert!(signature.is_ok()); }