// Copyright 2015-2020 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// This file is part of OpenEthereum.

// OpenEthereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// OpenEthereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with OpenEthereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

//! Ethereum Transaction Queue

use std::{
    cmp,
    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap},
    fmt,
    sync::{
        atomic::{self, AtomicUsize},
        Arc,
    },
};

use self::scoring::ScoringEvent;
use ethereum_types::{Address, H256, U256};
use parking_lot::RwLock;
use txpool::{self, Verifier};
use types::transaction;

use pool::{
    self, client, listener,
    local_transactions::LocalTransactionsList,
    ready, replace, scoring,
    transaction_filter::{match_filter, TransactionFilter},
    verifier, PendingOrdering, PendingSettings, PrioritizationStrategy,
};

type Listener = (
    LocalTransactionsList,
    (listener::Notifier, listener::Logger),
);
type Pool = txpool::Pool<pool::VerifiedTransaction, scoring::NonceAndGasPrice, Listener>;

/// Max cache time in milliseconds for pending transactions.
///
/// Pending transactions are cached and will only be computed again
/// if last cache has been created earler than `TIMESTAMP_CACHE` ms ago.
/// This timeout applies only if there are local pending transactions
/// since it only affects transaction Condition.
const TIMESTAMP_CACHE: u64 = 1000;

/// How many senders at once do we attempt to process while culling.
///
/// When running with huge transaction pools, culling can take significant amount of time.
/// To prevent holding `write()` lock on the pool for this long period, we split the work into
/// chunks and allow other threads to utilize the pool in the meantime.
/// This parameter controls how many (best) senders at once will be processed.
const CULL_SENDERS_CHUNK: usize = 1024;

/// Transaction queue status.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct Status {
    /// Verifier options.
    pub options: verifier::Options,
    /// Current status of the transaction pool.
    pub status: txpool::LightStatus,
    /// Current limits of the transaction pool.
    pub limits: txpool::Options,
}

impl fmt::Display for Status {
    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        writeln!(
			fmt,
			"Pool: {current}/{max} ({senders} senders; {mem}/{mem_max} kB) [minGasPrice: {gp} Mwei, maxGas: {max_gas}]",
			current = self.status.transaction_count,
			max = self.limits.max_count,
			senders = self.status.senders,
			mem = self.status.mem_usage / 1024,
			mem_max = self.limits.max_mem_usage / 1024,
			gp = self.options.minimal_gas_price / 1_000_000,
			max_gas = cmp::min(self.options.block_gas_limit, self.options.tx_gas_limit),
		)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct CachedPending {
    block_number: u64,
    current_timestamp: u64,
    nonce_cap: Option<U256>,
    has_local_pending: bool,
    pending: Option<Vec<Arc<pool::VerifiedTransaction>>>,
    max_len: usize,
}

impl CachedPending {
    /// Creates new `CachedPending` without cached set.
    pub fn none() -> Self {
        CachedPending {
            block_number: 0,
            current_timestamp: 0,
            has_local_pending: false,
            pending: None,
            nonce_cap: None,
            max_len: 0,
        }
    }

    /// Remove cached pending set.
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        self.pending = None;
    }

    /// Returns cached pending set (if any) if it's valid.
    pub fn pending(
        &self,
        block_number: u64,
        current_timestamp: u64,
        nonce_cap: Option<&U256>,
        max_len: usize,
    ) -> Option<Vec<Arc<pool::VerifiedTransaction>>> {
        self.pending_filtered(block_number, current_timestamp, nonce_cap, max_len, None)
    }

    pub fn pending_filtered(
        &self,
        block_number: u64,
        current_timestamp: u64,
        nonce_cap: Option<&U256>,
        max_len: usize,
        filter: Option<TransactionFilter>,
    ) -> Option<Vec<Arc<pool::VerifiedTransaction>>> {
        // First check if we have anything in cache.
        let pending = self.pending.as_ref()?;

        if block_number != self.block_number {
            return None;
        }

        // In case we don't have any local pending transactions
        // there is no need to invalidate the cache because of timestamp.
        // Timestamp only affects local `PendingTransactions` with `Condition::Timestamp`.
        if self.has_local_pending && current_timestamp > self.current_timestamp + TIMESTAMP_CACHE {
            return None;
        }

        // It's fine to return limited set even if `nonce_cap` is `None`.
        // The worst thing that may happen is that some transactions won't get propagated in current round,
        // but they are not really valid in current block anyway. We will propagate them in the next round.
        // Also there is no way to have both `Some` with different numbers since it depends on the block number
        // and a constant parameter in schedule (`nonce_cap_increment`)
        if self.nonce_cap.is_none() && nonce_cap.is_some() {
            return None;
        }

        // It's fine to just take a smaller subset, but not other way around.
        if max_len > self.max_len {
            return None;
        }

        Some(
            pending
                .iter()
                .filter(|tx| match_filter(&filter, tx))
                .take(max_len)
                .cloned()
                .collect(),
        )
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct RecentlyRejected {
    inner: RwLock<HashMap<H256, transaction::Error>>,
    limit: usize,
}

impl RecentlyRejected {
    fn new(limit: usize) -> Self {
        RecentlyRejected {
            limit,
            inner: RwLock::new(HashMap::with_capacity(MIN_REJECTED_CACHE_SIZE)),
        }
    }

    fn clear(&self) {
        self.inner.write().clear();
    }

    fn get(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<transaction::Error> {
        self.inner.read().get(hash).cloned()
    }

    fn insert(&self, hash: H256, err: &transaction::Error) {
        if self.inner.read().contains_key(&hash) {
            return;
        }

        let mut inner = self.inner.write();
        inner.insert(hash, err.clone());

        // clean up
        if inner.len() > self.limit {
            // randomly remove half of the entries
            let to_remove: Vec<_> = inner.keys().take(self.limit / 2).cloned().collect();
            for key in to_remove {
                inner.remove(&key);
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Minimal size of rejection cache, by default it's equal to queue size.
const MIN_REJECTED_CACHE_SIZE: usize = 2048;

/// Ethereum Transaction Queue
///
/// Responsible for:
/// - verifying incoming transactions
/// - maintaining a pool of verified transactions.
/// - returning an iterator for transactions that are ready to be included in block (pending)
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct TransactionQueue {
    insertion_id: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
    pool: RwLock<Pool>,
    options: RwLock<verifier::Options>,
    cached_pending: RwLock<CachedPending>,
    recently_rejected: RecentlyRejected,
}

impl TransactionQueue {
    /// Create new queue with given pool limits and initial verification options.
    pub fn new(
        limits: txpool::Options,
        verification_options: verifier::Options,
        strategy: PrioritizationStrategy,
    ) -> Self {
        let max_count = limits.max_count;
        TransactionQueue {
            insertion_id: Default::default(),
            pool: RwLock::new(txpool::Pool::new(
                Default::default(),
                scoring::NonceAndGasPrice {
                    strategy,
                    block_base_fee: verification_options.block_base_fee,
                },
                limits,
            )),
            options: RwLock::new(verification_options),
            cached_pending: RwLock::new(CachedPending::none()),
            recently_rejected: RecentlyRejected::new(cmp::max(
                MIN_REJECTED_CACHE_SIZE,
                max_count / 4,
            )),
        }
    }

    /// If latest block has different base fee than it's parent, then transaction pool scoring needs to be updated.
    pub fn update_scoring(&self, block_base_fee: U256) {
        let update_needed = match self.pool.read().scoring().block_base_fee {
            Some(base_fee) => base_fee != block_base_fee,
            None => true,
        };

        if update_needed {
            self.pool.write().set_scoring(
                scoring::NonceAndGasPrice {
                    strategy: PrioritizationStrategy::GasPriceOnly,
                    block_base_fee: Some(block_base_fee),
                },
                ScoringEvent::BlockBaseFeeChanged,
            );

            self.cached_pending.write().clear();
        }
    }

    /// Update verification options
    ///
    /// Some parameters of verification may vary in time (like block gas limit or minimal gas price).
    pub fn set_verifier_options(&self, options: verifier::Options) {
        *self.options.write() = options;
    }

    /// Sets the in-chain transaction checker for pool listener.
    pub fn set_in_chain_checker<F>(&self, f: F)
    where
        F: Fn(&H256) -> bool + Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        self.pool.write().listener_mut().0.set_in_chain_checker(f)
    }

    // t_nb 10.2
    /// Import a set of transactions to the pool.
    ///
    /// Given blockchain and state access (Client)
    /// verifies and imports transactions to the pool.
    pub fn import<C: client::Client + client::NonceClient + Clone>(
        &self,
        client: C,
        transactions: Vec<verifier::Transaction>,
    ) -> Vec<Result<(), transaction::Error>> {
        // Run verification
        trace_time!("pool::verify_and_import");
        let options = self.options.read().clone();

        let transaction_to_replace = {
            if options.no_early_reject {
                None
            } else {
                let pool = self.pool.read();
                if pool.is_full() {
                    pool.worst_transaction()
                        .map(|worst| (pool.scoring().clone(), worst))
                } else {
                    None
                }
            }
        };

        let verifier = verifier::Verifier::new(
            client.clone(),
            options,
            self.insertion_id.clone(),
            transaction_to_replace,
        );

        let mut replace = replace::ReplaceByScoreAndReadiness::new(
            self.pool.read().scoring().clone(),
            client,
            self.options.read().block_base_fee,
        );

        let results = transactions
			.into_iter()
			.map(|transaction| {
				let hash = transaction.hash();

				if self.pool.read().find(&hash).is_some() {
					return Err(transaction::Error::AlreadyImported);
				}

				if let Some(err) = self.recently_rejected.get(&hash) {
					trace!(target: "txqueue", "[{:?}] Rejecting recently rejected: {:?}", hash, err);
					return Err(err);
				}

				let imported = verifier
					.verify_transaction(transaction)
					.and_then(|verified| {
						self.pool.write().import(verified, &mut replace).map_err(convert_error)
					});

				match imported {
					Ok(_) => Ok(()),
					Err(err) => {
						self.recently_rejected.insert(hash, &err);
						Err(err)
					},
				}
			})
			.collect::<Vec<_>>();

        // Notify about imported transactions.
        (self.pool.write().listener_mut().1).0.notify();

        if results.iter().any(|r| r.is_ok()) {
            self.cached_pending.write().clear();
        }

        results
    }

    /// Returns all transactions in the queue without explicit ordering.
    pub fn all_transactions(&self) -> Vec<Arc<pool::VerifiedTransaction>> {
        let ready = |_tx: &pool::VerifiedTransaction| txpool::Readiness::Ready;
        self.pool
            .read()
            .unordered_pending(ready, Default::default())
            .collect()
    }

    /// Returns all transaction hashes in the queue without explicit ordering.
    pub fn all_transaction_hashes(&self) -> Vec<H256> {
        let ready = |_tx: &pool::VerifiedTransaction| txpool::Readiness::Ready;
        self.pool
            .read()
            .unordered_pending(ready, Default::default())
            .map(|tx| tx.hash)
            .collect()
    }

    /// Computes unordered set of pending hashes.
    ///
    /// Since strict nonce-checking is not required, you may get some false positive future transactions as well.
    pub fn pending_hashes<N>(&self, nonce: N) -> BTreeSet<H256>
    where
        N: Fn(&Address) -> Option<U256>,
    {
        let ready = ready::OptionalState::new(nonce);
        self.pool
            .read()
            .unordered_pending(ready, Default::default())
            .map(|tx| tx.hash)
            .collect()
    }

    /// Returns current pending transactions ordered by priority.
    ///
    /// NOTE: This may return a cached version of pending transaction set.
    /// Re-computing the pending set is possible with `#collect_pending` method,
    /// but be aware that it's a pretty expensive operation.
    pub fn pending<C>(
        &self,
        client: C,
        settings: PendingSettings,
    ) -> Vec<Arc<pool::VerifiedTransaction>>
    where
        C: client::NonceClient,
    {
        let PendingSettings {
            block_number,
            current_timestamp,
            nonce_cap,
            max_len,
            ordering,
            includable_boundary,
        } = settings;
        if let Some(pending) = self.cached_pending.read().pending(
            block_number,
            current_timestamp,
            nonce_cap.as_ref(),
            max_len,
        ) {
            return pending;
        }

        // Double check after acquiring write lock
        let mut cached_pending = self.cached_pending.write();
        if let Some(pending) =
            cached_pending.pending(block_number, current_timestamp, nonce_cap.as_ref(), max_len)
        {
            return pending;
        }

        // In case we don't have a cached set, but we don't care about order
        // just return the unordered set.
        if let PendingOrdering::Unordered = ordering {
            let ready = Self::ready(client, block_number, current_timestamp, nonce_cap);
            return self
                .pool
                .read()
                .unordered_pending(ready, includable_boundary)
                .take(max_len)
                .collect();
        }

        let pending: Vec<_> = self.collect_pending(
            client,
            includable_boundary,
            block_number,
            current_timestamp,
            nonce_cap,
            |i| i.take(max_len).collect(),
        );

        *cached_pending = CachedPending {
            block_number,
            current_timestamp,
            nonce_cap,
            has_local_pending: self.has_local_pending_transactions(),
            pending: Some(pending.clone()),
            max_len,
        };

        pending
    }

    /// Returns current pending transactions filtered.
    ///
    /// Different to the pending() method, this one does not cache.
    pub fn pending_filtered<C>(
        &self,
        client: C,
        settings: PendingSettings,
        filter: &TransactionFilter,
    ) -> Vec<Arc<pool::VerifiedTransaction>>
    where
        C: client::NonceClient,
    {
        self.collect_pending(
            client,
            settings.includable_boundary,
            settings.block_number,
            settings.current_timestamp,
            settings.nonce_cap,
            |i| {
                i.filter(|tx| filter.matches(tx))
                    .take(settings.max_len)
                    .collect()
            },
        )
    }

    /// Collect pending transactions.
    ///
    /// NOTE This is re-computing the pending set and it might be expensive to do so.
    /// Prefer using cached pending set using `#pending` method.
    pub fn collect_pending<C, F, T>(
        &self,
        client: C,
        includable_boundary: U256,
        block_number: u64,
        current_timestamp: u64,
        nonce_cap: Option<U256>,
        collect: F,
    ) -> T
    where
        C: client::NonceClient,
        F: FnOnce(
            txpool::PendingIterator<
                pool::VerifiedTransaction,
                (ready::Condition, ready::State<C>),
                scoring::NonceAndGasPrice,
                Listener,
            >,
        ) -> T,
    {
        debug!(target: "txqueue", "Re-computing pending set for block: {}", block_number);
        trace_time!("pool::collect_pending");
        let ready = Self::ready(client, block_number, current_timestamp, nonce_cap);
        collect(self.pool.read().pending(ready, includable_boundary))
    }

    fn ready<C>(
        client: C,
        block_number: u64,
        current_timestamp: u64,
        nonce_cap: Option<U256>,
    ) -> (ready::Condition, ready::State<C>)
    where
        C: client::NonceClient,
    {
        let pending_readiness = ready::Condition::new(block_number, current_timestamp);
        // don't mark any transactions as stale at this point.
        let stale_id = None;
        let state_readiness = ready::State::new(client, stale_id, nonce_cap);

        (pending_readiness, state_readiness)
    }

    /// t_nb 10.5.1 Culls all stalled transactions from the pool.
    pub fn cull<C: client::NonceClient + Clone>(&self, client: C) {
        trace_time!("pool::cull");
        // We don't care about future transactions, so nonce_cap is not important.
        let nonce_cap = None;
        // We want to clear stale transactions from the queue as well.
        // (Transactions that are occuping the queue for a long time without being included)
        let stale_id = {
            let current_id = self.insertion_id.load(atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
            // wait at least for half of the queue to be replaced
            let gap = self.pool.read().options().max_count / 2;
            // but never less than 100 transactions
            let gap = cmp::max(100, gap);

            current_id.checked_sub(gap)
        };

        self.recently_rejected.clear();

        let mut removed = 0;
        let senders: Vec<_> = {
            let pool = self.pool.read();
            let senders = pool.senders().cloned().collect();
            senders
        };
        for chunk in senders.chunks(CULL_SENDERS_CHUNK) {
            trace_time!("pool::cull::chunk");
            let state_readiness = ready::State::new(client.clone(), stale_id, nonce_cap);
            removed += self.pool.write().cull(Some(chunk), state_readiness);
        }
        debug!(target: "txqueue", "Removed {} stalled transactions. {}", removed, self.status());
    }

    /// Returns next valid nonce for given sender
    /// or `None` if there are no pending transactions from that sender.
    pub fn next_nonce<C: client::NonceClient>(&self, client: C, address: &Address) -> Option<U256> {
        // Do not take nonce_cap into account when determining next nonce.
        let nonce_cap = None;
        // Also we ignore stale transactions in the queue.
        let stale_id = None;

        let state_readiness = ready::State::new(client, stale_id, nonce_cap);

        self.pool
            .read()
            .pending_from_sender(state_readiness, address, Default::default())
            .last()
            .map(|tx| tx.signed().tx().nonce.saturating_add(U256::from(1)))
    }

    /// Retrieve a transaction from the pool.
    ///
    /// Given transaction hash looks up that transaction in the pool
    /// and returns a shared pointer to it or `None` if it's not present.
    pub fn find(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Arc<pool::VerifiedTransaction>> {
        self.pool.read().find(hash)
    }

    /// Remove a set of transactions from the pool.
    ///
    /// Given an iterator of transaction hashes
    /// removes them from the pool.
    /// That method should be used if invalid transactions are detected
    /// or you want to cancel a transaction.
    pub fn remove<'a, T: IntoIterator<Item = &'a H256>>(
        &self,
        hashes: T,
        is_invalid: bool,
    ) -> Vec<Option<Arc<pool::VerifiedTransaction>>> {
        let results = {
            let mut pool = self.pool.write();

            hashes
                .into_iter()
                .map(|hash| pool.remove(hash, is_invalid))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        };

        if results.iter().any(Option::is_some) {
            self.cached_pending.write().clear();
        }

        results
    }

    /// Clear the entire pool.
    pub fn clear(&self) {
        self.pool.write().clear();
    }

    /// Penalize given senders.
    pub fn penalize<'a, T: IntoIterator<Item = &'a Address>>(&self, senders: T) {
        let mut pool = self.pool.write();
        for sender in senders {
            pool.update_scores(sender, ScoringEvent::Penalize);
        }
    }

    /// Returns gas price of currently the worst transaction in the pool.
    pub fn current_worst_gas_price(&self) -> U256 {
        match self.pool.read().worst_transaction() {
            Some(tx) => tx
                .signed()
                .effective_gas_price(self.options.read().block_base_fee),
            None => {
                self.options.read().minimal_gas_price
                    + self.options.read().block_base_fee.unwrap_or_default()
            }
        }
    }

    /// Returns a status of the queue.
    pub fn status(&self) -> Status {
        let pool = self.pool.read();
        let status = pool.light_status();
        let limits = pool.options();
        let options = self.options.read().clone();

        Status {
            options,
            status,
            limits,
        }
    }

    /// Check if there are any local transactions in the pool.
    ///
    /// Returns `true` if there are any transactions in the pool
    /// that has been marked as local.
    ///
    /// Local transactions are the ones from accounts managed by this node
    /// and transactions submitted via local RPC (`eth_sendRawTransaction`)
    pub fn has_local_pending_transactions(&self) -> bool {
        self.pool.read().listener().0.has_pending()
    }

    /// Returns status of recently seen local transactions.
    pub fn local_transactions(&self) -> BTreeMap<H256, pool::local_transactions::Status> {
        self.pool
            .read()
            .listener()
            .0
            .all_transactions()
            .iter()
            .map(|(a, b)| (*a, b.clone()))
            .collect()
    }

    /// Add a callback to be notified about all transactions entering the pool.
    pub fn add_listener(&self, f: Box<dyn Fn(&[H256]) + Send + Sync>) {
        let mut pool = self.pool.write();
        (pool.listener_mut().1).0.add(f);
    }

    /// Check if pending set is cached.
    #[cfg(test)]
    pub fn is_pending_cached(&self) -> bool {
        self.cached_pending.read().pending.is_some()
    }
}

fn convert_error<H: fmt::Debug + fmt::LowerHex>(err: txpool::Error<H>) -> transaction::Error {
    use self::txpool::Error;

    match err {
        Error::AlreadyImported(..) => transaction::Error::AlreadyImported,
        Error::TooCheapToEnter(..) => transaction::Error::LimitReached,
        Error::TooCheapToReplace(..) => transaction::Error::TooCheapToReplace {
            prev: None,
            new: None,
        },
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use pool::tests::client::TestClient;

    #[test]
    fn should_get_pending_transactions() {
        let queue = TransactionQueue::new(
            txpool::Options::default(),
            verifier::Options::default(),
            PrioritizationStrategy::GasPriceOnly,
        );

        let pending: Vec<_> = queue.pending(
            TestClient::default(),
            PendingSettings::all_prioritized(0, 0),
        );

        for tx in pending {
            assert!(tx.signed().tx().nonce > 0.into());
        }
    }
}