// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
// This file is part of Parity.

// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

//! Disk-backed HashDB implementation.

use error::*;
use hash::*;
use bytes::*;
use rlp::*;
use hashdb::*;
use memorydb::*;
use std::ops::*;
use std::sync::*;
use std::env;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use kvdb::{Database};

/// Implementation of the HashDB trait for a disk-backed database with a memory overlay.
///
/// The operations `insert()` and `remove()` take place on the memory overlay; batches of
/// such operations may be flushed to the disk-backed DB with `commit()` or discarded with
/// `revert()`.
///
/// `lookup()` and `contains()` maintain normal behaviour - all `insert()` and `remove()` 
/// queries have an immediate effect in terms of these functions.
pub struct OverlayDB {
	overlay: MemoryDB,
	backing: Arc<Database>,
}

impl OverlayDB {
	/// Create a new instance of OverlayDB given a `backing` database.
	pub fn new(backing: Database) -> OverlayDB { Self::new_with_arc(Arc::new(backing)) }

	/// Create a new instance of OverlayDB given a `backing` database.
	pub fn new_with_arc(backing: Arc<Database>) -> OverlayDB {
		OverlayDB{ overlay: MemoryDB::new(), backing: backing }
	}

	/// Create a new instance of OverlayDB with an anonymous temporary database.
	pub fn new_temp() -> OverlayDB {
		let mut dir = env::temp_dir();
		dir.push(H32::random().hex());
		Self::new(Database::open_default(dir.to_str().unwrap()).unwrap())
	}

	/// Commit all memory operations to the backing database.
	///
	/// Returns either an error or the number of items changed in the backing database.
	/// 
	/// Will return an error if the number of `kill()`s ever exceeds the number of
	/// `insert()`s for any key. This will leave the database in an undeterminate
	/// state. Don't ever let it happen.
	///
	/// # Example
	/// ```
	/// extern crate ethcore_util;
	/// use ethcore_util::hashdb::*;
	/// use ethcore_util::overlaydb::*;
	/// fn main() {
	///   let mut m = OverlayDB::new_temp();
	///   let key = m.insert(b"foo");			// insert item.
	///   assert!(m.exists(&key));				// key exists (in memory).
	///   assert_eq!(m.commit().unwrap(), 1);	// 1 item changed.
	///   assert!(m.exists(&key));				// key still exists (in backing).
	///   m.kill(&key);							// delete item.
	///   assert!(!m.exists(&key));				// key "doesn't exist" (though still does in backing).
	///   m.kill(&key);							// oh dear... more kills than inserts for the key...
	///   //m.commit().unwrap();				// this commit/unwrap would cause a panic.
	///   m.revert();							// revert both kills.
	///   assert!(m.exists(&key));				// key now still exists.
	/// }
	/// ```
	pub fn commit(&mut self) -> Result<u32, UtilError> {
		let mut ret = 0u32;
		let mut deletes = 0usize;
		for i in self.overlay.drain().into_iter() {
			let (key, (value, rc)) = i;
			if rc != 0 {
				match self.payload(&key) {
					Some(x) => {
						let (back_value, back_rc) = x;
						let total_rc: i32 = back_rc as i32 + rc;
						if total_rc < 0 {
							return Err(From::from(BaseDataError::NegativelyReferencedHash));
						}
						deletes += if self.put_payload(&key, (back_value, total_rc as u32)) {1} else {0};
					}
					None => {
						if rc < 0 {
							return Err(From::from(BaseDataError::NegativelyReferencedHash));
						}
						self.put_payload(&key, (value, rc as u32));
					}
				};
				ret += 1;
			}
		}
		trace!("OverlayDB::commit() deleted {} nodes", deletes);
		Ok(ret)
	}

	/// Revert all operations on this object (i.e. `insert()`s and `kill()`s) since the
	/// last `commit()`.
	///
	/// # Example
	/// ```
	/// extern crate ethcore_util;
	/// use ethcore_util::hashdb::*;
	/// use ethcore_util::overlaydb::*;
	/// fn main() {
	///   let mut m = OverlayDB::new_temp();
	///   let foo = m.insert(b"foo");	// insert foo.
	///   m.commit().unwrap();			// commit - new operations begin here...
	///   let bar = m.insert(b"bar");	// insert bar.
	///   m.kill(&foo);					// kill foo.
	///   assert!(!m.exists(&foo));		// foo is gone.
	///   assert!(m.exists(&bar));		// bar is here.
	///   m.revert();					// revert the last two operations.
	///   assert!(m.exists(&foo));		// foo is here.
	///   assert!(!m.exists(&bar));		// bar is gone.
	/// }
	/// ```
	pub fn revert(&mut self) { self.overlay.clear(); }

	/// Get the refs and value of the given key.
	fn payload(&self, key: &H256) -> Option<(Bytes, u32)> {
		self.backing.get(&key.bytes())
			.expect("Low-level database error. Some issue with your hard disk?")
			.map(|d| {
				let r = Rlp::new(d.deref());
				(r.at(1).as_val(), r.at(0).as_val())
			})
	}

	/// Put the refs and value of the given key, possibly deleting it from the db.
	fn put_payload(&self, key: &H256, payload: (Bytes, u32)) -> bool {
		if payload.1 > 0 {
			let mut s = RlpStream::new_list(2);
			s.append(&payload.1);
			s.append(&payload.0);
			self.backing.put(&key.bytes(), s.as_raw()).expect("Low-level database error. Some issue with your hard disk?");
			false
		} else {
			self.backing.delete(&key.bytes()).expect("Low-level database error. Some issue with your hard disk?");
			true
		}
	}
}

impl HashDB for OverlayDB {
	fn keys(&self) -> HashMap<H256, i32> {
		let mut ret: HashMap<H256, i32> = HashMap::new();
		for (key, _) in self.backing.iter() {
			let h = H256::from_slice(key.deref());
			let r = self.payload(&h).unwrap().1;
			ret.insert(h, r as i32);
		}

		for (key, refs) in self.overlay.keys().into_iter() {
			let refs = *ret.get(&key).unwrap_or(&0) + refs;
			ret.insert(key, refs);
		}
		ret
	}
	fn lookup(&self, key: &H256) -> Option<&[u8]> {
		// return ok if positive; if negative, check backing - might be enough references there to make
		// it positive again.
		let k = self.overlay.raw(key);
		match k {
			Some(&(ref d, rc)) if rc > 0 => Some(d),
			_ => {
				let memrc = k.map_or(0, |&(_, rc)| rc);
				match self.payload(key) {
					Some(x) => {
						let (d, rc) = x;
						if rc as i32 + memrc > 0 {
							Some(&self.overlay.denote(key, d).0)
						}
						else {
							None
						}
					}
					// Replace above match arm with this once https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/15287 is done.
					//Some((d, rc)) if rc + memrc > 0 => Some(d),
					_ => None,
				}
			}
		}
	}
	fn exists(&self, key: &H256) -> bool {
		// return ok if positive; if negative, check backing - might be enough references there to make
		// it positive again.
		let k = self.overlay.raw(key);
		match k {
			Some(&(_, rc)) if rc > 0 => true,
			_ => {
				let memrc = k.map_or(0, |&(_, rc)| rc);
				match self.payload(key) {
					Some(x) => {
						let (_, rc) = x;
						rc as i32 + memrc > 0
					}
					// Replace above match arm with this once https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/15287 is done.
					//Some((d, rc)) if rc + memrc > 0 => true,
					_ => false,
				}
			}
		}
	}
	fn insert(&mut self, value: &[u8]) -> H256 { self.overlay.insert(value) }
	fn emplace(&mut self, key: H256, value: Bytes) { self.overlay.emplace(key, value); }
	fn kill(&mut self, key: &H256) { self.overlay.kill(key); }
}

#[test]
fn overlaydb_overlay_insert_and_kill() {
	let mut trie = OverlayDB::new_temp();
	let h = trie.insert(b"hello world");
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h).unwrap(), b"hello world");
	trie.kill(&h);
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h), None);
}

#[test]
fn overlaydb_backing_insert_revert() {
	let mut trie = OverlayDB::new_temp();
	let h = trie.insert(b"hello world");
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h).unwrap(), b"hello world");
	trie.commit().unwrap();
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h).unwrap(), b"hello world");
	trie.revert();
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h).unwrap(), b"hello world");
}

#[test]
fn overlaydb_backing_kill() {
	let mut trie = OverlayDB::new_temp();
	let h = trie.insert(b"hello world");
	trie.commit().unwrap();
	trie.kill(&h);
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h), None);
	trie.commit().unwrap();
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h), None);
	trie.revert();
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h), None);
}

#[test]
fn overlaydb_backing_kill_revert() {
	let mut trie = OverlayDB::new_temp();
	let h = trie.insert(b"hello world");
	trie.commit().unwrap();
	trie.kill(&h);
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h), None);
	trie.revert();
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h).unwrap(), b"hello world");
}

#[test]
fn overlaydb_negative() {
	let mut trie = OverlayDB::new_temp();
	let h = trie.insert(b"hello world");
	trie.commit().unwrap();
	trie.kill(&h);
	trie.kill(&h);	//bad - sends us into negative refs.
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&h), None);
	assert!(trie.commit().is_err());
}

#[test]
fn overlaydb_complex() {
	let mut trie = OverlayDB::new_temp();
	let hfoo = trie.insert(b"foo");
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo).unwrap(), b"foo");
	let hbar = trie.insert(b"bar");
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hbar).unwrap(), b"bar");
	trie.commit().unwrap();
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo).unwrap(), b"foo");
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hbar).unwrap(), b"bar");
	trie.insert(b"foo");	// two refs
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo).unwrap(), b"foo");
	trie.commit().unwrap();
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo).unwrap(), b"foo");
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hbar).unwrap(), b"bar");
	trie.kill(&hbar);		// zero refs - delete
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hbar), None);
	trie.kill(&hfoo);		// one ref - keep
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo).unwrap(), b"foo");
	trie.commit().unwrap();
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo).unwrap(), b"foo");
	trie.kill(&hfoo);		// zero ref - would delete, but...
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo), None);
	trie.insert(b"foo");	// one ref - keep after all.
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo).unwrap(), b"foo");
	trie.commit().unwrap();
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo).unwrap(), b"foo");
	trie.kill(&hfoo);		// zero ref - delete
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo), None);
	trie.commit().unwrap();	// 
	assert_eq!(trie.lookup(&hfoo), None);
}

#[test]
fn playpen() {
	use std::fs;
	{
		let db: Database = Database::open_default("/tmp/test").unwrap();
		db.put(b"test", b"test2").unwrap();
		match db.get(b"test") {
			Ok(Some(value)) => println!("Got value {:?}", value.deref()),
			Ok(None) => println!("No value for that key"),
			Err(..) => println!("Gah"),
		}
		db.delete(b"test").unwrap();
	}
	fs::remove_dir_all("/tmp/test").unwrap();
}