openethereum/crates/ethcore/src/block.rs
2021-01-14 15:30:57 +01:00

865 lines
27 KiB
Rust

// Copyright 2015-2020 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// This file is part of OpenEthereum.
// OpenEthereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
// OpenEthereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with OpenEthereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//! Base data structure of this module is `Block`.
//!
//! Blocks can be produced by a local node or they may be received from the network.
//!
//! To create a block locally, we start with an `OpenBlock`. This block is mutable
//! and can be appended to with transactions and uncles.
//!
//! When ready, `OpenBlock` can be closed and turned into a `ClosedBlock`. A `ClosedBlock` can
//! be reopend again by a miner under certain circumstances. On block close, state commit is
//! performed.
//!
//! `LockedBlock` is a version of a `ClosedBlock` that cannot be reopened. It can be sealed
//! using an engine.
//!
//! `ExecutedBlock` is an underlaying data structure used by all structs above to store block
//! related info.
use std::{cmp, collections::HashSet, ops, sync::Arc};
use bytes::Bytes;
use ethereum_types::{Address, Bloom, H256, U256};
use engines::EthEngine;
use error::{BlockError, Error};
use factory::Factories;
use state::State;
use state_db::StateDB;
use trace::Tracing;
use triehash::ordered_trie_root;
use unexpected::{Mismatch, OutOfBounds};
use verification::PreverifiedBlock;
use vm::{EnvInfo, LastHashes};
use hash::keccak;
use rlp::{encode_list, RlpStream};
use types::{
header::{ExtendedHeader, Header},
receipt::{TransactionOutcome, TypedReceipt},
transaction::{Error as TransactionError, SignedTransaction},
};
/// Block that is ready for transactions to be added.
///
/// It's a bit like a Vec<Transaction>, except that whenever a transaction is pushed, we execute it and
/// maintain the system `state()`. We also archive execution receipts in preparation for later block creation.
pub struct OpenBlock<'x> {
block: ExecutedBlock,
engine: &'x dyn EthEngine,
}
/// Just like `OpenBlock`, except that we've applied `Engine::on_close_block`, finished up the non-seal header fields,
/// and collected the uncles.
///
/// There is no function available to push a transaction.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct ClosedBlock {
block: ExecutedBlock,
unclosed_state: State<StateDB>,
}
/// Just like `ClosedBlock` except that we can't reopen it and it's faster.
///
/// We actually store the post-`Engine::on_close_block` state, unlike in `ClosedBlock` where it's the pre.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct LockedBlock {
block: ExecutedBlock,
}
/// A block that has a valid seal.
///
/// The block's header has valid seal arguments. The block cannot be reversed into a `ClosedBlock` or `OpenBlock`.
pub struct SealedBlock {
block: ExecutedBlock,
}
/// An internal type for a block's common elements.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct ExecutedBlock {
/// Executed block header.
pub header: Header,
/// Executed transactions.
pub transactions: Vec<SignedTransaction>,
/// Uncles.
pub uncles: Vec<Header>,
/// Transaction receipts.
pub receipts: Vec<TypedReceipt>,
/// Hashes of already executed transactions.
pub transactions_set: HashSet<H256>,
/// Underlaying state.
pub state: State<StateDB>,
/// Transaction traces.
pub traces: Tracing,
/// Hashes of last 256 blocks.
pub last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
}
impl ExecutedBlock {
/// Create a new block from the given `state`.
fn new(state: State<StateDB>, last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>, tracing: bool) -> ExecutedBlock {
ExecutedBlock {
header: Default::default(),
transactions: Default::default(),
uncles: Default::default(),
receipts: Default::default(),
transactions_set: Default::default(),
state: state,
traces: if tracing {
Tracing::enabled()
} else {
Tracing::Disabled
},
last_hashes: last_hashes,
}
}
/// Get the environment info concerning this block.
pub fn env_info(&self) -> EnvInfo {
// TODO: memoise.
EnvInfo {
number: self.header.number(),
author: self.header.author().clone(),
timestamp: self.header.timestamp(),
difficulty: self.header.difficulty().clone(),
last_hashes: self.last_hashes.clone(),
gas_used: self.receipts.last().map_or(U256::zero(), |r| r.gas_used),
gas_limit: self.header.gas_limit().clone(),
}
}
/// Get mutable access to a state.
pub fn state_mut(&mut self) -> &mut State<StateDB> {
&mut self.state
}
/// Get mutable reference to traces.
pub fn traces_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Tracing {
&mut self.traces
}
}
/// Trait for an object that owns an `ExecutedBlock`
pub trait Drain {
/// Returns `ExecutedBlock`
fn drain(self) -> ExecutedBlock;
}
impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
/// t_nb 8.1 Create a new `OpenBlock` ready for transaction pushing.
pub fn new<'a, I: IntoIterator<Item = ExtendedHeader>>(
engine: &'x dyn EthEngine,
factories: Factories,
tracing: bool,
db: StateDB,
parent: &Header,
last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
author: Address,
gas_range_target: (U256, U256),
extra_data: Bytes,
is_epoch_begin: bool,
ancestry: I,
) -> Result<Self, Error> {
let number = parent.number() + 1;
// t_nb 8.1.1 get parent StateDB.
let state = State::from_existing(
db,
parent.state_root().clone(),
engine.account_start_nonce(number),
factories,
)?;
let mut r = OpenBlock {
block: ExecutedBlock::new(state, last_hashes, tracing),
engine: engine,
};
r.block.header.set_parent_hash(parent.hash());
r.block.header.set_number(number);
r.block.header.set_author(author);
r.block
.header
.set_timestamp(engine.open_block_header_timestamp(parent.timestamp()));
r.block.header.set_extra_data(extra_data);
let gas_floor_target = cmp::max(gas_range_target.0, engine.params().min_gas_limit);
let gas_ceil_target = cmp::max(gas_range_target.1, gas_floor_target);
// t_nb 8.1.2 It calculated child gas limits should be.
engine.machine().populate_from_parent(
&mut r.block.header,
parent,
gas_floor_target,
gas_ceil_target,
);
// t_nb 8.1.3 this adds engine specific things
engine.populate_from_parent(&mut r.block.header, parent);
// t_nb 8.1.3 updating last hashes and the DAO fork, for ethash.
engine.machine().on_new_block(&mut r.block)?;
engine.on_new_block(&mut r.block, is_epoch_begin, &mut ancestry.into_iter())?;
Ok(r)
}
/// Alter the timestamp of the block.
pub fn set_timestamp(&mut self, timestamp: u64) {
self.block.header.set_timestamp(timestamp);
}
/// Removes block gas limit.
pub fn remove_gas_limit(&mut self) {
self.block.header.set_gas_limit(U256::max_value());
}
// t_nb 8.4 Add an uncle to the block, if possible.
///
/// NOTE Will check chain constraints and the uncle number but will NOT check
/// that the header itself is actually valid.
pub fn push_uncle(&mut self, valid_uncle_header: Header) -> Result<(), BlockError> {
let max_uncles = self.engine.maximum_uncle_count(self.block.header.number());
if self.block.uncles.len() + 1 > max_uncles {
return Err(BlockError::TooManyUncles(OutOfBounds {
min: None,
max: Some(max_uncles),
found: self.block.uncles.len() + 1,
}));
}
// TODO: check number
// TODO: check not a direct ancestor (use last_hashes for that)
self.block.uncles.push(valid_uncle_header);
Ok(())
}
/// Push a transaction into the block.
///
/// If valid, it will be executed, and archived together with the receipt.
pub fn push_transaction(
&mut self,
t: SignedTransaction,
h: Option<H256>,
) -> Result<&TypedReceipt, Error> {
if self.block.transactions_set.contains(&t.hash()) {
return Err(TransactionError::AlreadyImported.into());
}
let env_info = self.block.env_info();
let outcome = self.block.state.apply(
&env_info,
self.engine.machine(),
&t,
self.block.traces.is_enabled(),
)?;
self.block
.transactions_set
.insert(h.unwrap_or_else(|| t.hash()));
self.block.transactions.push(t.into());
if let Tracing::Enabled(ref mut traces) = self.block.traces {
traces.push(outcome.trace.into());
}
self.block.receipts.push(outcome.receipt);
Ok(self
.block
.receipts
.last()
.expect("receipt just pushed; qed"))
}
/// Push transactions onto the block.
#[cfg(not(feature = "slow-blocks"))]
fn push_transactions(&mut self, transactions: Vec<SignedTransaction>) -> Result<(), Error> {
for t in transactions {
self.push_transaction(t, None)?;
}
Ok(())
}
/// Push transactions onto the block.
#[cfg(feature = "slow-blocks")]
fn push_transactions(&mut self, transactions: Vec<SignedTransaction>) -> Result<(), Error> {
use std::time;
let slow_tx = option_env!("SLOW_TX_DURATION")
.and_then(|v| v.parse().ok())
.unwrap_or(100);
for t in transactions {
let hash = t.hash();
let start = time::Instant::now();
self.push_transaction(t, None)?;
let took = start.elapsed();
let took_ms = took.as_secs() * 1000 + took.subsec_nanos() as u64 / 1000000;
if took > time::Duration::from_millis(slow_tx) {
warn!(
"Heavy ({} ms) transaction in block {:?}: {:?}",
took_ms,
self.block.header.number(),
hash
);
}
debug!(target: "tx", "Transaction {:?} took: {} ms", hash, took_ms);
}
Ok(())
}
/// Populate self from a header.
fn populate_from(&mut self, header: &Header) {
self.block.header.set_difficulty(*header.difficulty());
self.block.header.set_gas_limit(*header.gas_limit());
self.block.header.set_timestamp(header.timestamp());
self.block.header.set_uncles_hash(*header.uncles_hash());
self.block
.header
.set_transactions_root(*header.transactions_root());
// TODO: that's horrible. set only for backwards compatibility
if header.extra_data().len() > self.engine.maximum_extra_data_size() {
warn!("Couldn't set extradata. Ignoring.");
} else {
self.block
.header
.set_extra_data(header.extra_data().clone());
}
}
/// Turn this into a `ClosedBlock`.
pub fn close(self) -> Result<ClosedBlock, Error> {
let unclosed_state = self.block.state.clone();
let locked = self.close_and_lock()?;
Ok(ClosedBlock {
block: locked.block,
unclosed_state,
})
}
/// t_nb 8.5 Turn this into a `LockedBlock`.
pub fn close_and_lock(self) -> Result<LockedBlock, Error> {
let mut s = self;
// t_nb 8.5.1 engine applies block rewards (Ethash and AuRa do.Clique is empty)
s.engine.on_close_block(&mut s.block)?;
// t_nb 8.5.2 commit account changes from cache to tree
s.block.state.commit()?;
// t_nb 8.5.3 fill open block header with all other fields
s.block.header.set_transactions_root(ordered_trie_root(
s.block.transactions.iter().map(|e| e.encode()),
));
let uncle_bytes = encode_list(&s.block.uncles);
s.block.header.set_uncles_hash(keccak(&uncle_bytes));
s.block.header.set_state_root(s.block.state.root().clone());
s.block.header.set_receipts_root(ordered_trie_root(
s.block.receipts.iter().map(|r| r.encode()),
));
s.block
.header
.set_log_bloom(s.block.receipts.iter().fold(Bloom::zero(), |mut b, r| {
b.accrue_bloom(&r.log_bloom);
b
}));
s.block.header.set_gas_used(
s.block
.receipts
.last()
.map_or_else(U256::zero, |r| r.gas_used),
);
Ok(LockedBlock { block: s.block })
}
#[cfg(test)]
/// Return mutable block reference. To be used in tests only.
pub fn block_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ExecutedBlock {
&mut self.block
}
}
impl<'a> ops::Deref for OpenBlock<'a> {
type Target = ExecutedBlock;
fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
&self.block
}
}
impl ops::Deref for ClosedBlock {
type Target = ExecutedBlock;
fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
&self.block
}
}
impl ops::Deref for LockedBlock {
type Target = ExecutedBlock;
fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
&self.block
}
}
impl ops::Deref for SealedBlock {
type Target = ExecutedBlock;
fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
&self.block
}
}
impl ClosedBlock {
/// Turn this into a `LockedBlock`, unable to be reopened again.
pub fn lock(self) -> LockedBlock {
LockedBlock { block: self.block }
}
/// Given an engine reference, reopen the `ClosedBlock` into an `OpenBlock`.
pub fn reopen(self, engine: &dyn EthEngine) -> OpenBlock {
// revert rewards (i.e. set state back at last transaction's state).
let mut block = self.block;
block.state = self.unclosed_state;
OpenBlock {
block: block,
engine: engine,
}
}
}
impl LockedBlock {
/// Removes outcomes from receipts and updates the receipt root.
///
/// This is done after the block is enacted for historical reasons.
/// We allow inconsistency in receipts for some chains if `validate_receipts_transition`
/// is set to non-zero value, so the check only happens if we detect
/// unmatching root first and then fall back to striped receipts.
pub fn strip_receipts_outcomes(&mut self) {
for receipt in &mut self.block.receipts {
receipt.outcome = TransactionOutcome::Unknown;
}
self.block.header.set_receipts_root(ordered_trie_root(
self.block.receipts.iter().map(|r| r.encode()),
));
}
/// Provide a valid seal in order to turn this into a `SealedBlock`.
///
/// NOTE: This does not check the validity of `seal` with the engine.
pub fn seal(self, engine: &dyn EthEngine, seal: Vec<Bytes>) -> Result<SealedBlock, Error> {
let expected_seal_fields = engine.seal_fields(&self.header);
let mut s = self;
if seal.len() != expected_seal_fields {
Err(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(Mismatch {
expected: expected_seal_fields,
found: seal.len(),
}))?;
}
s.block.header.set_seal(seal);
engine.on_seal_block(&mut s.block)?;
s.block.header.compute_hash();
Ok(SealedBlock { block: s.block })
}
/// Provide a valid seal in order to turn this into a `SealedBlock`.
/// This does check the validity of `seal` with the engine.
/// Returns the `ClosedBlock` back again if the seal is no good.
/// TODO(https://github.com/openethereum/openethereum/issues/10407): This is currently only used in POW chain call paths, we should really merge it with seal() above.
pub fn try_seal(self, engine: &dyn EthEngine, seal: Vec<Bytes>) -> Result<SealedBlock, Error> {
let mut s = self;
s.block.header.set_seal(seal);
s.block.header.compute_hash();
// TODO: passing state context to avoid engines owning it?
engine.verify_local_seal(&s.block.header)?;
Ok(SealedBlock { block: s.block })
}
}
impl Drain for LockedBlock {
fn drain(self) -> ExecutedBlock {
self.block
}
}
impl SealedBlock {
/// Get the RLP-encoding of the block.
pub fn rlp_bytes(&self) -> Bytes {
let mut block_rlp = RlpStream::new_list(3);
block_rlp.append(&self.block.header);
SignedTransaction::rlp_append_list(&mut block_rlp, &self.block.transactions);
block_rlp.append_list(&self.block.uncles);
block_rlp.out()
}
}
impl Drain for SealedBlock {
fn drain(self) -> ExecutedBlock {
self.block
}
}
// t_nb 8.0 Enact the block given by block header, transactions and uncles
pub(crate) fn enact(
header: Header,
transactions: Vec<SignedTransaction>,
uncles: Vec<Header>,
engine: &dyn EthEngine,
tracing: bool,
db: StateDB,
parent: &Header,
last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
factories: Factories,
is_epoch_begin: bool,
ancestry: &mut dyn Iterator<Item = ExtendedHeader>,
) -> Result<LockedBlock, Error> {
// For trace log
let trace_state = if log_enabled!(target: "enact", ::log::Level::Trace) {
Some(State::from_existing(
db.boxed_clone(),
parent.state_root().clone(),
engine.account_start_nonce(parent.number() + 1),
factories.clone(),
)?)
} else {
None
};
// t_nb 8.1 Created new OpenBlock
let mut b = OpenBlock::new(
engine,
factories,
tracing,
db,
parent,
last_hashes,
// Engine such as Clique will calculate author from extra_data.
// this is only important for executing contracts as the 'executive_author'.
engine.executive_author(&header)?,
(3141562.into(), 31415620.into()),
vec![],
is_epoch_begin,
ancestry,
)?;
if let Some(ref s) = trace_state {
let env = b.env_info();
let root = s.root();
let author_balance = s.balance(&env.author)?;
trace!(target: "enact", "num={}, root={}, author={}, author_balance={}\n",
b.block.header.number(), root, env.author, author_balance);
}
// t_nb 8.2 transfer all field from current header to OpenBlock header that we created
b.populate_from(&header);
// t_nb 8.3 execute transactions one by one
b.push_transactions(transactions)?;
// t_nb 8.4 Push uncles to OpenBlock and check if we have more then max uncles
for u in uncles {
b.push_uncle(u)?;
}
// t_nb 8.5 close block
b.close_and_lock()
}
/// t_nb 8.0 Enact the block given by `block_bytes` using `engine` on the database `db` with given `parent` block header
pub fn enact_verified(
block: PreverifiedBlock,
engine: &dyn EthEngine,
tracing: bool,
db: StateDB,
parent: &Header,
last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
factories: Factories,
is_epoch_begin: bool,
ancestry: &mut dyn Iterator<Item = ExtendedHeader>,
) -> Result<LockedBlock, Error> {
enact(
block.header,
block.transactions,
block.uncles,
engine,
tracing,
db,
parent,
last_hashes,
factories,
is_epoch_begin,
ancestry,
)
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use engines::EthEngine;
use error::Error;
use ethereum_types::Address;
use factory::Factories;
use state_db::StateDB;
use std::sync::Arc;
use test_helpers::get_temp_state_db;
use types::{header::Header, transaction::SignedTransaction, view, views::BlockView};
use verification::queue::kind::blocks::Unverified;
use vm::LastHashes;
/// Enact the block given by `block_bytes` using `engine` on the database `db` with given `parent` block header
fn enact_bytes(
block_bytes: Vec<u8>,
engine: &dyn EthEngine,
tracing: bool,
db: StateDB,
parent: &Header,
last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
factories: Factories,
) -> Result<LockedBlock, Error> {
let block = Unverified::from_rlp(block_bytes)?;
let header = block.header;
let transactions: Result<Vec<_>, Error> = block
.transactions
.into_iter()
.map(SignedTransaction::new)
.map(|r| r.map_err(Into::into))
.collect();
let transactions = transactions?;
{
if ::log::max_level() >= ::log::Level::Trace {
let s = State::from_existing(
db.boxed_clone(),
parent.state_root().clone(),
engine.account_start_nonce(parent.number() + 1),
factories.clone(),
)?;
trace!(target: "enact", "num={}, root={}, author={}, author_balance={}\n",
header.number(), s.root(), header.author(), s.balance(&header.author())?);
}
}
let mut b = OpenBlock::new(
engine,
factories,
tracing,
db,
parent,
last_hashes,
Address::new(),
(3141562.into(), 31415620.into()),
vec![],
false,
None,
)?;
b.populate_from(&header);
b.push_transactions(transactions)?;
for u in block.uncles {
b.push_uncle(u)?;
}
b.close_and_lock()
}
/// Enact the block given by `block_bytes` using `engine` on the database `db` with given `parent` block header. Seal the block aferwards
fn enact_and_seal(
block_bytes: Vec<u8>,
engine: &dyn EthEngine,
tracing: bool,
db: StateDB,
parent: &Header,
last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
factories: Factories,
) -> Result<SealedBlock, Error> {
let header = Unverified::from_rlp(block_bytes.clone())?.header;
Ok(enact_bytes(
block_bytes,
engine,
tracing,
db,
parent,
last_hashes,
factories,
)?
.seal(engine, header.seal().to_vec())?)
}
#[test]
fn open_block() {
use spec::*;
let spec = Spec::new_test();
let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
let db = spec
.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default())
.unwrap();
let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
let b = OpenBlock::new(
&*spec.engine,
Default::default(),
false,
db,
&genesis_header,
last_hashes,
Address::zero(),
(3141562.into(), 31415620.into()),
vec![],
false,
None,
)
.unwrap();
let b = b.close_and_lock().unwrap();
let _ = b.seal(&*spec.engine, vec![]);
}
#[test]
fn enact_block() {
use spec::*;
let spec = Spec::new_test();
let engine = &*spec.engine;
let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
let db = spec
.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default())
.unwrap();
let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
let b = OpenBlock::new(
engine,
Default::default(),
false,
db,
&genesis_header,
last_hashes.clone(),
Address::zero(),
(3141562.into(), 31415620.into()),
vec![],
false,
None,
)
.unwrap()
.close_and_lock()
.unwrap()
.seal(engine, vec![])
.unwrap();
let orig_bytes = b.rlp_bytes();
let orig_db = b.drain().state.drop().1;
let db = spec
.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default())
.unwrap();
let e = enact_and_seal(
orig_bytes.clone(),
engine,
false,
db,
&genesis_header,
last_hashes,
Default::default(),
)
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(e.rlp_bytes(), orig_bytes);
let db = e.drain().state.drop().1;
assert_eq!(orig_db.journal_db().keys(), db.journal_db().keys());
assert!(
orig_db
.journal_db()
.keys()
.iter()
.filter(|k| orig_db.journal_db().get(k.0) != db.journal_db().get(k.0))
.next()
== None
);
}
#[test]
fn enact_block_with_uncle() {
use spec::*;
let spec = Spec::new_test();
let engine = &*spec.engine;
let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
let db = spec
.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default())
.unwrap();
let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
let mut open_block = OpenBlock::new(
engine,
Default::default(),
false,
db,
&genesis_header,
last_hashes.clone(),
Address::zero(),
(3141562.into(), 31415620.into()),
vec![],
false,
None,
)
.unwrap();
let mut uncle1_header = Header::new();
uncle1_header.set_extra_data(b"uncle1".to_vec());
let mut uncle2_header = Header::new();
uncle2_header.set_extra_data(b"uncle2".to_vec());
open_block.push_uncle(uncle1_header).unwrap();
open_block.push_uncle(uncle2_header).unwrap();
let b = open_block
.close_and_lock()
.unwrap()
.seal(engine, vec![])
.unwrap();
let orig_bytes = b.rlp_bytes();
let orig_db = b.drain().state.drop().1;
let db = spec
.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default())
.unwrap();
let e = enact_and_seal(
orig_bytes.clone(),
engine,
false,
db,
&genesis_header,
last_hashes,
Default::default(),
)
.unwrap();
let bytes = e.rlp_bytes();
assert_eq!(bytes, orig_bytes);
let uncles = view!(BlockView, &bytes).uncles();
assert_eq!(uncles[1].extra_data(), b"uncle2");
let db = e.drain().state.drop().1;
assert_eq!(orig_db.journal_db().keys(), db.journal_db().keys());
assert!(
orig_db
.journal_db()
.keys()
.iter()
.filter(|k| orig_db.journal_db().get(k.0) != db.journal_db().get(k.0))
.next()
== None
);
}
}