391 lines
24 KiB
Rust
391 lines
24 KiB
Rust
//! VM Instructions list and utility functions
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pub type Instruction = u8;
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pub fn is_push (i : Instruction) -> bool {
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i >= PUSH1 && i <= PUSH32
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}
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pub fn get_push_bytes (i : Instruction) -> usize {
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// TODO [todr] range checking?
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(i - PUSH1 + 1) as usize
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_get_push_bytes() {
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assert_eq!(get_push_bytes(PUSH1), 1);
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assert_eq!(get_push_bytes(PUSH3), 3);
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assert_eq!(get_push_bytes(PUSH32), 32);
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}
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pub fn get_dup_position (i: Instruction) -> usize {
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// TODO [todr] range checking?
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(i - DUP1) as usize
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_get_dup_position() {
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assert_eq!(get_dup_position(DUP1), 0);
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assert_eq!(get_dup_position(DUP5), 4);
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assert_eq!(get_dup_position(DUP10), 9);
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}
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pub fn get_swap_position (i : Instruction) -> usize {
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// TODO [todr] range checking?
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(i - SWAP1 + 1) as usize
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_get_swap_position() {
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assert_eq!(get_swap_position(SWAP1), 1);
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assert_eq!(get_swap_position(SWAP5), 5);
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assert_eq!(get_swap_position(SWAP10), 10);
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}
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pub fn get_log_topics (i: Instruction) -> usize {
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(i - LOG0) as usize
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_get_log_topics() {
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assert_eq!(get_log_topics(LOG0), 0);
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assert_eq!(get_log_topics(LOG2), 2);
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assert_eq!(get_log_topics(LOG4), 4);
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}
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#[derive(PartialEq)]
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pub enum GasPriceTier {
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/// 0 Zero
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ZeroTier,
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/// 2 Quick
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BaseTier,
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/// 3 Fastest
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VeryLowTier,
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/// 5 Fast
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LowTier,
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/// 8 Mid
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MidTier,
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/// 10 Slow
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HighTier,
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/// 20 Ext
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ExtTier,
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/// Multiparam or otherwise special
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SpecialTier,
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/// Invalid
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InvalidTier
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}
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pub fn get_tier_idx (tier: GasPriceTier) -> usize {
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match tier {
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GasPriceTier::ZeroTier => 0,
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GasPriceTier::BaseTier => 1,
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GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier => 2,
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GasPriceTier::LowTier => 3,
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GasPriceTier::MidTier => 4,
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GasPriceTier::HighTier => 5,
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GasPriceTier::ExtTier => 6,
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GasPriceTier::SpecialTier => 7,
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GasPriceTier::InvalidTier => 8
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}
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}
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pub struct InstructionInfo {
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pub name: &'static str,
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pub additional: usize,
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pub args: usize,
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pub ret: usize,
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pub side_effects: bool,
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pub tier: GasPriceTier
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}
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impl InstructionInfo {
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pub fn new(name: &'static str, additional: usize, args: usize, ret: usize, side_effects: bool, tier: GasPriceTier) -> InstructionInfo {
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InstructionInfo {
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name: name,
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additional: additional,
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args: args,
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ret: ret,
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side_effects: side_effects,
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tier: tier
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}
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}
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}
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pub fn get_info (instruction: Instruction) -> InstructionInfo {
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match instruction {
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STOP => InstructionInfo::new("STOP", 0, 0, 0, true, GasPriceTier::ZeroTier),
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ADD => InstructionInfo::new("ADD", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SUB => InstructionInfo::new("SUB", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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MUL => InstructionInfo::new("MUL", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::LowTier),
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DIV => InstructionInfo::new("DIV", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::LowTier),
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SDIV => InstructionInfo::new("SDIV", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::LowTier),
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MOD => InstructionInfo::new("MOD", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::LowTier),
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SMOD => InstructionInfo::new("SMOD", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::LowTier),
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EXP => InstructionInfo::new("EXP", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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NOT => InstructionInfo::new("NOT", 0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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LT => InstructionInfo::new("LT", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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GT => InstructionInfo::new("GT", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SLT => InstructionInfo::new("SLT", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SGT => InstructionInfo::new("SGT", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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EQ => InstructionInfo::new("EQ", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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ISZERO => InstructionInfo::new("ISZERO", 0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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AND => InstructionInfo::new("AND", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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OR => InstructionInfo::new("OR", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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XOR => InstructionInfo::new("XOR", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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BYTE => InstructionInfo::new("BYTE", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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ADDMOD => InstructionInfo::new("ADDMOD", 0, 3, 1, false, GasPriceTier::MidTier),
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MULMOD => InstructionInfo::new("MULMOD", 0, 3, 1, false, GasPriceTier::MidTier),
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SIGNEXTEND => InstructionInfo::new("SIGNEXTEND", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::LowTier),
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SHA3 => InstructionInfo::new("SHA3", 0, 2, 1, false, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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ADDRESS => InstructionInfo::new("ADDRESS", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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BALANCE => InstructionInfo::new("BALANCE", 0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::ExtTier),
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ORIGIN => InstructionInfo::new("ORIGIN", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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CALLER => InstructionInfo::new("CALLER", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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CALLVALUE => InstructionInfo::new("CALLVALUE", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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CALLDATALOAD => InstructionInfo::new("CALLDATALOAD", 0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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CALLDATASIZE => InstructionInfo::new("CALLDATASIZE", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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CALLDATACOPY => InstructionInfo::new("CALLDATACOPY", 0, 3, 0, true, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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CODESIZE => InstructionInfo::new("CODESIZE", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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CODECOPY => InstructionInfo::new("CODECOPY", 0, 3, 0, true, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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GASPRICE => InstructionInfo::new("GASPRICE", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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EXTCODESIZE => InstructionInfo::new("EXTCODESIZE", 0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::ExtTier),
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EXTCODECOPY => InstructionInfo::new("EXTCODECOPY", 0, 4, 0, true, GasPriceTier::ExtTier),
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BLOCKHASH => InstructionInfo::new("BLOCKHASH", 0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::ExtTier),
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COINBASE => InstructionInfo::new("COINBASE", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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TIMESTAMP => InstructionInfo::new("TIMESTAMP", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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NUMBER => InstructionInfo::new("NUMBER", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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DIFFICULTY => InstructionInfo::new("DIFFICULTY", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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GASLIMIT => InstructionInfo::new("GASLIMIT", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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POP => InstructionInfo::new("POP", 0, 1, 0, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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MLOAD => InstructionInfo::new("MLOAD", 0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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MSTORE => InstructionInfo::new("MSTORE", 0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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MSTORE8 => InstructionInfo::new("MSTORE8", 0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SLOAD => InstructionInfo::new("SLOAD", 0, 1, 1, false, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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SSTORE => InstructionInfo::new("SSTORE", 0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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JUMP => InstructionInfo::new("JUMP", 0, 1, 0, true, GasPriceTier::MidTier),
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JUMPI => InstructionInfo::new("JUMPI", 0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::HighTier),
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PC => InstructionInfo::new("PC", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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MSIZE => InstructionInfo::new("MSIZE", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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GAS => InstructionInfo::new("GAS", 0, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::BaseTier),
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JUMPDEST => InstructionInfo::new("JUMPDEST", 0, 0, 0, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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PUSH1 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH1", 1, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH2 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH2", 2, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH3 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH3", 3, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH4 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH4", 4, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH5 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH5", 5, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH6 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH6", 6, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH7 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH7", 7, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH8 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH8", 8, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH9 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH9", 9, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH10 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH10", 10, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH11 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH11", 11, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH12 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH12", 12, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH13 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH13", 13, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH14 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH14", 14, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH15 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH15", 15, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH16 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH16", 16, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH17 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH17", 17, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH18 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH18", 18, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH19 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH19", 19, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH20 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH20", 20, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH21 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH21", 21, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH22 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH22", 22, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH23 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH23", 23, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH24 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH24", 24, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH25 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH25", 25, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH26 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH26", 26, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH27 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH27", 27, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH28 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH28", 28, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH29 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH29", 29, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH30 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH30", 30, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH31 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH31", 31, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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PUSH32 => InstructionInfo::new("PUSH32", 32, 0, 1, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP1 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP1", 0, 1, 2, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP2 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP2", 0, 2, 3, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP3 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP3", 0, 3, 4, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP4 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP4", 0, 4, 5, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP5 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP5", 0, 5, 6, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP6 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP6", 0, 6, 7, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP7 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP7", 0, 7, 8, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP8 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP8", 0, 8, 9, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP9 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP9", 0, 9, 10, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP10 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP10", 0, 10, 11, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP11 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP11", 0, 11, 12, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP12 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP12", 0, 12, 13, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP13 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP13", 0, 13, 14, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP14 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP14", 0, 14, 15, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP15 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP15", 0, 15, 16, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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DUP16 => InstructionInfo::new("DUP16", 0, 16, 17, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP1 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP1", 0, 2, 2, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP2 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP2", 0, 3, 3, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP3 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP3", 0, 4, 4, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP4 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP4", 0, 5, 5, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP5 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP5", 0, 6, 6, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP6 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP6", 0, 7, 7, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP7 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP7", 0, 8, 8, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP8 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP8", 0, 9, 9, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP9 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP9", 0, 10, 10, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP10 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP10", 0, 11, 11, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP11 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP11", 0, 12, 12, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP12 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP12", 0, 13, 13, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP13 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP13", 0, 14, 14, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP14 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP14", 0, 15, 15, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP15 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP15", 0, 16, 16, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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SWAP16 => InstructionInfo::new("SWAP16", 0, 17, 17, false, GasPriceTier::VeryLowTier),
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LOG0 => InstructionInfo::new("LOG0", 0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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LOG1 => InstructionInfo::new("LOG1", 0, 3, 0, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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LOG2 => InstructionInfo::new("LOG2", 0, 4, 0, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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LOG3 => InstructionInfo::new("LOG3", 0, 5, 0, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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LOG4 => InstructionInfo::new("LOG4", 0, 6, 0, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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CREATE => InstructionInfo::new("CREATE", 0, 3, 1, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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CALL => InstructionInfo::new("CALL", 0, 7, 1, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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CALLCODE => InstructionInfo::new("CALLCODE", 0, 7, 1, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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RETURN => InstructionInfo::new("RETURN", 0, 2, 0, true, GasPriceTier::ZeroTier),
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DELEGATECALL => InstructionInfo::new("DELEGATECALL", 0, 6, 1, true, GasPriceTier::SpecialTier),
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SUICIDE => InstructionInfo::new("SUICIDE", 0, 1, 0, true, GasPriceTier::ZeroTier),
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_ => panic!(format!("Undefined instruction: {}", instruction))
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}
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}
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// Virtual machine bytecode instruction.
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pub const STOP: Instruction = 0x00; //< halts execution
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pub const ADD: Instruction = 0x01; //< addition operation
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pub const MUL: Instruction = 0x02; //< mulitplication operation
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pub const SUB: Instruction = 0x03; //< subtraction operation
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pub const DIV: Instruction = 0x04; //< integer division operation
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pub const SDIV: Instruction = 0x05; //< signed integer division operation
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pub const MOD: Instruction = 0x06; //< modulo remainder operation
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pub const SMOD: Instruction = 0x07; //< signed modulo remainder operation
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pub const ADDMOD: Instruction = 0x08; //< unsigned modular addition
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pub const MULMOD: Instruction = 0x09; //< unsigned modular multiplication
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pub const EXP: Instruction = 0x0a; //< exponential operation
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pub const SIGNEXTEND: Instruction = 0x0b; //< extend length of signed integer
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pub const LT: Instruction = 0x10; //< less-than comparision
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pub const GT: Instruction = 0x11; //< greater-than comparision
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pub const SLT: Instruction = 0x12; //< signed less-than comparision
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pub const SGT: Instruction = 0x13; //< signed greater-than comparision
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pub const EQ: Instruction = 0x14; //< equality comparision
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pub const ISZERO: Instruction = 0x15; //< simple not operator
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pub const AND: Instruction = 0x16; //< bitwise AND operation
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pub const OR: Instruction = 0x17; //< bitwise OR operation
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pub const XOR: Instruction = 0x18; //< bitwise XOR operation
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pub const NOT: Instruction = 0x19; //< bitwise NOT opertation
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pub const BYTE: Instruction = 0x1a; //< retrieve single byte from word
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pub const SHA3: Instruction = 0x20; //< compute SHA3-256 hash
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pub const ADDRESS: Instruction = 0x30; //< get address of currently executing account
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pub const BALANCE: Instruction = 0x31; //< get balance of the given account
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pub const ORIGIN: Instruction = 0x32; //< get execution origination address
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pub const CALLER: Instruction = 0x33; //< get caller address
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pub const CALLVALUE: Instruction = 0x34; //< get deposited value by the instruction/transaction responsible for this execution
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pub const CALLDATALOAD: Instruction = 0x35; //< get input data of current environment
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pub const CALLDATASIZE: Instruction = 0x36; //< get size of input data in current environment
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pub const CALLDATACOPY: Instruction = 0x37; //< copy input data in current environment to memory
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pub const CODESIZE: Instruction = 0x38; //< get size of code running in current environment
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pub const CODECOPY: Instruction = 0x39; //< copy code running in current environment to memory
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pub const GASPRICE: Instruction = 0x3a; //< get price of gas in current environment
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pub const EXTCODESIZE: Instruction = 0x3b; //< get external code size (from another contract)
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pub const EXTCODECOPY: Instruction = 0x3c; //< copy external code (from another contract)
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pub const BLOCKHASH: Instruction = 0x40; //< get hash of most recent complete block
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pub const COINBASE: Instruction = 0x41; //< get the block's coinbase address
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pub const TIMESTAMP: Instruction = 0x42; //< get the block's timestamp
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pub const NUMBER: Instruction = 0x43; //< get the block's number
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pub const DIFFICULTY: Instruction = 0x44; //< get the block's difficulty
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pub const GASLIMIT: Instruction = 0x45; //< get the block's gas limit
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pub const POP: Instruction = 0x50; //< remove item from stack
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pub const MLOAD: Instruction = 0x51; //< load word from memory
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pub const MSTORE: Instruction = 0x52; //< save word to memory
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pub const MSTORE8: Instruction = 0x53; //< save byte to memory
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pub const SLOAD: Instruction = 0x54; //< load word from storage
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pub const SSTORE: Instruction = 0x55; //< save word to storage
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pub const JUMP: Instruction = 0x56; //< alter the program counter
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pub const JUMPI: Instruction = 0x57; //< conditionally alter the program counter
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pub const PC: Instruction = 0x58; //< get the program counter
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pub const MSIZE: Instruction = 0x59; //< get the size of active memory
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pub const GAS: Instruction = 0x5a; //< get the amount of available gas
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pub const JUMPDEST: Instruction = 0x5b; //< set a potential jump destination
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pub const PUSH1: Instruction = 0x60; //< place 1 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH2: Instruction = 0x61; //< place 2 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH3: Instruction = 0x62; //< place 3 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH4: Instruction = 0x63; //< place 4 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH5: Instruction = 0x64; //< place 5 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH6: Instruction = 0x65; //< place 6 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH7: Instruction = 0x66; //< place 7 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH8: Instruction = 0x67; //< place 8 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH9: Instruction = 0x68; //< place 9 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH10: Instruction = 0x69; //< place 10 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH11: Instruction = 0x6a; //< place 11 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH12: Instruction = 0x6b; //< place 12 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH13: Instruction = 0x6c; //< place 13 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH14: Instruction = 0x6d; //< place 14 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH15: Instruction = 0x6e; //< place 15 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH16: Instruction = 0x6f; //< place 16 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH17: Instruction = 0x70; //< place 17 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH18: Instruction = 0x71; //< place 18 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH19: Instruction = 0x72; //< place 19 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH20: Instruction = 0x73; //< place 20 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH21: Instruction = 0x74; //< place 21 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH22: Instruction = 0x75; //< place 22 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH23: Instruction = 0x76; //< place 23 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH24: Instruction = 0x77; //< place 24 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH25: Instruction = 0x78; //< place 25 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH26: Instruction = 0x79; //< place 26 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH27: Instruction = 0x7a; //< place 27 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH28: Instruction = 0x7b; //< place 28 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH29: Instruction = 0x7c; //< place 29 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH30: Instruction = 0x7d; //< place 30 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH31: Instruction = 0x7e; //< place 31 byte item on stack
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pub const PUSH32: Instruction = 0x7f; //< place 32 byte item on stack
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pub const DUP1: Instruction = 0x80; //< copies the highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP2: Instruction = 0x81; //< copies the second highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP3: Instruction = 0x82; //< copies the third highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP4: Instruction = 0x83; //< copies the 4th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP5: Instruction = 0x84; //< copies the 5th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP6: Instruction = 0x85; //< copies the 6th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP7: Instruction = 0x86; //< copies the 7th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP8: Instruction = 0x87; //< copies the 8th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP9: Instruction = 0x88; //< copies the 9th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP10: Instruction = 0x89; //< copies the 10th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP11: Instruction = 0x8a; //< copies the 11th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP12: Instruction = 0x8b; //< copies the 12th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP13: Instruction = 0x8c; //< copies the 13th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP14: Instruction = 0x8d; //< copies the 14th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP15: Instruction = 0x8e; //< copies the 15th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const DUP16: Instruction = 0x8f; //< copies the 16th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
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pub const SWAP1: Instruction = 0x90; //< swaps the highest and second highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP2: Instruction = 0x91; //< swaps the highest and third highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP3: Instruction = 0x92; //< swaps the highest and 4th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP4: Instruction = 0x93; //< swaps the highest and 5th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP5: Instruction = 0x94; //< swaps the highest and 6th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP6: Instruction = 0x95; //< swaps the highest and 7th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP7: Instruction = 0x96; //< swaps the highest and 8th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP8: Instruction = 0x97; //< swaps the highest and 9th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP9: Instruction = 0x98; //< swaps the highest and 10th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP10: Instruction = 0x99; //< swaps the highest and 11th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP11: Instruction = 0x9a; //< swaps the highest and 12th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP12: Instruction = 0x9b; //< swaps the highest and 13th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP13: Instruction = 0x9c; //< swaps the highest and 14th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP14: Instruction = 0x9d; //< swaps the highest and 15th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP15: Instruction = 0x9e; //< swaps the highest and 16th highest value on the stack
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pub const SWAP16: Instruction = 0x9f; //< swaps the highest and 17th highest value on the stack
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pub const LOG0: Instruction = 0xa0; //< Makes a log entry; no topics.
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pub const LOG1: Instruction = 0xa1; //< Makes a log entry; 1 topic.
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pub const LOG2: Instruction = 0xa2; //< Makes a log entry; 2 topics.
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pub const LOG3: Instruction = 0xa3; //< Makes a log entry; 3 topics.
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pub const LOG4: Instruction = 0xa4; //< Makes a log entry; 4 topics.
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pub const CREATE: Instruction = 0xf0; //< create a new account with associated code
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pub const CALL: Instruction = 0xf1; //< message-call into an account
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pub const CALLCODE: Instruction = 0xf2; //< message-call with another account's code only
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pub const RETURN: Instruction = 0xf3; //< halt execution returning output data
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pub const DELEGATECALL: Instruction = 0xf4; //< like CALLCODE but keeps caller's value and sender
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pub const SUICIDE: Instruction = 0xff; //< halt execution and register account for later deletion
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