openethereum/crates/ethcore/src/tx_filter.rs

813 lines
29 KiB
Rust

// Copyright 2015-2020 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// This file is part of OpenEthereum.
// OpenEthereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
// OpenEthereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with OpenEthereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//! Smart contract based transaction filter.
use ethabi::FunctionOutputDecoder;
use ethereum_types::{Address, H256, U256};
use lru_cache::LruCache;
use call_contract::CallContract;
use client::{BlockId, BlockInfo};
use hash::KECCAK_EMPTY;
use parking_lot::Mutex;
use spec::CommonParams;
use types::{
transaction::{Action, SignedTransaction},
BlockNumber,
};
use_contract!(
transact_acl_deprecated,
"res/contracts/tx_acl_deprecated.json"
);
use_contract!(transact_acl, "res/contracts/tx_acl.json");
use_contract!(
transact_acl_gas_price,
"res/contracts/tx_acl_gas_price.json"
);
use_contract!(transact_acl_1559, "res/contracts/tx_acl_1559.json");
const MAX_CACHE_SIZE: usize = 4096;
mod tx_permissions {
pub const _ALL: u32 = 0xffffffff;
pub const NONE: u32 = 0x0;
pub const BASIC: u32 = 0b00000001;
pub const CALL: u32 = 0b00000010;
pub const CREATE: u32 = 0b00000100;
pub const _PRIVATE: u32 = 0b00001000;
}
/// Connection filter that uses a contract to manage permissions.
pub struct TransactionFilter {
contract_address: Address,
transition_block: BlockNumber,
permission_cache: Mutex<LruCache<(H256, Address), u32>>,
contract_version_cache: Mutex<LruCache<H256, Option<U256>>>,
}
impl TransactionFilter {
/// Create a new instance if address is specified in params.
pub fn from_params(params: &CommonParams) -> Option<TransactionFilter> {
params
.transaction_permission_contract
.map(|address| TransactionFilter {
contract_address: address,
transition_block: params.transaction_permission_contract_transition,
permission_cache: Mutex::new(LruCache::new(MAX_CACHE_SIZE)),
contract_version_cache: Mutex::new(LruCache::new(MAX_CACHE_SIZE)),
})
}
/// Check if transaction is allowed at given block.
pub fn transaction_allowed<C: BlockInfo + CallContract>(
&self,
parent_hash: &H256,
block_number: BlockNumber,
transaction: &SignedTransaction,
client: &C,
) -> bool {
if block_number < self.transition_block {
return true;
}
let mut permission_cache = self.permission_cache.lock();
let mut contract_version_cache = self.contract_version_cache.lock();
let (tx_type, to) = match transaction.tx().action {
Action::Create => (tx_permissions::CREATE, Address::default()),
Action::Call(address) => {
if client
.code_hash(&address, BlockId::Hash(*parent_hash))
.map_or(false, |c| c != KECCAK_EMPTY)
{
(tx_permissions::CALL, address)
} else {
(tx_permissions::BASIC, address)
}
}
};
let sender = transaction.sender();
let value = transaction.tx().value;
let gas_price = transaction.tx().gas_price;
let max_priority_fee_per_gas = transaction.max_priority_fee_per_gas();
let gas_limit = transaction.tx().gas;
let key = (*parent_hash, sender);
if let Some(permissions) = permission_cache.get_mut(&key) {
return *permissions & tx_type != 0;
}
let contract_address = self.contract_address;
let contract_version = contract_version_cache
.get_mut(parent_hash)
.and_then(|v| *v)
.or_else(|| {
let (data, decoder) = transact_acl::functions::contract_version::call();
decoder
.decode(
&client
.call_contract(BlockId::Hash(*parent_hash), contract_address, data)
.ok()?,
)
.ok()
});
contract_version_cache.insert(*parent_hash, contract_version);
// Check permissions in smart contract based on its version
let (permissions, filter_only_sender) = match contract_version {
Some(version) => {
let version_u64 = version.low_u64();
trace!(target: "tx_filter", "Version of tx permission contract: {}", version);
match version_u64 {
2 => {
let (data, decoder) =
transact_acl::functions::allowed_tx_types::call(sender, to, value);
client.call_contract(BlockId::Hash(*parent_hash), contract_address, data)
.and_then(|value| decoder.decode(&value).map_err(|e| e.to_string()))
.map(|(p, f)| (p.low_u32(), f))
.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
error!(target: "tx_filter", "Error calling tx permissions contract: {:?}", e);
(tx_permissions::NONE, true)
})
}
3 => {
trace!(target: "tx_filter", "Using filter with gas price and data");
let (data, decoder) =
transact_acl_gas_price::functions::allowed_tx_types::call(
sender,
to,
value,
gas_price,
transaction.tx().data.clone(),
);
client.call_contract(BlockId::Hash(*parent_hash), contract_address, data)
.and_then(|value| decoder.decode(&value).map_err(|e| e.to_string()))
.map(|(p, f)| (p.low_u32(), f))
.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
error!(target: "tx_filter", "Error calling tx permissions contract: {:?}", e);
(tx_permissions::NONE, true)
})
}
4 => {
trace!(target: "tx_filter", "Using filter with maxFeePerGas and maxPriorityFeePerGas and data");
let (data, decoder) = transact_acl_1559::functions::allowed_tx_types::call(
sender,
to,
value,
gas_price,
max_priority_fee_per_gas,
gas_limit,
transaction.tx().data.clone(),
);
client.call_contract(BlockId::Hash(*parent_hash), contract_address, data)
.and_then(|value| decoder.decode(&value).map_err(|e| e.to_string()))
.map(|(p, f)| (p.low_u32(), f))
.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
error!(target: "tx_filter", "Error calling tx permissions contract: {:?}", e);
(tx_permissions::NONE, true)
})
}
_ => {
error!(target: "tx_filter", "Unknown version of tx permissions contract is used");
(tx_permissions::NONE, true)
}
}
}
None => {
trace!(target: "tx_filter", "Fallback to the deprecated version of tx permission contract");
let (data, decoder) =
transact_acl_deprecated::functions::allowed_tx_types::call(sender);
(client.call_contract(BlockId::Hash(*parent_hash), contract_address, data)
.and_then(|value| decoder.decode(&value).map_err(|e| e.to_string()))
.map(|p| p.low_u32())
.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
error!(target: "tx_filter", "Error calling tx permissions contract: {:?}", e);
tx_permissions::NONE
}), true)
}
};
if filter_only_sender {
permission_cache.insert((*parent_hash, sender), permissions);
}
trace!(target: "tx_filter", "Given transaction data: sender: {:?} to: {:?} value: {}, gas_price: {}. Permissions required: {:X}, got: {:X}", sender, to, value, gas_price, tx_type, permissions);
permissions & tx_type != 0
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::TransactionFilter;
use client::{BlockChainClient, BlockId, Client, ClientConfig};
use crypto::publickey::{KeyPair, Secret};
use ethereum_types::{Address, U256};
use io::IoChannel;
use miner::Miner;
use spec::Spec;
use std::{str::FromStr, sync::Arc};
use tempdir::TempDir;
use test_helpers;
use types::transaction::{
AccessListTx, Action, EIP1559TransactionTx, Transaction, TypedTransaction,
};
/// Contract code: https://gist.github.com/VladLupashevskyi/84f18eabb1e4afadf572cf92af3e7e7f
#[test]
fn transaction_filter_ver_2() {
let spec_data = include_str!("../res/chainspec/test/contract_ver_2_genesis.json");
let db = test_helpers::new_db();
let tempdir = TempDir::new("").unwrap();
let spec = Spec::load(&tempdir.path(), spec_data.as_bytes()).unwrap();
let client = Client::new(
ClientConfig::default(),
&spec,
db,
Arc::new(Miner::new_for_tests(&spec, None)),
IoChannel::disconnected(),
)
.unwrap();
let key1 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let key2 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let key3 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let key4 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let key5 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let key6 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let key7 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let filter = TransactionFilter::from_params(spec.params()).unwrap();
let mut basic_tx = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
basic_tx.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("d41c057fd1c78805aac12b0a94a405c0461a6fbb").unwrap());
let create_tx = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
let mut call_tx = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
call_tx.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000005").unwrap());
let mut basic_tx_with_ether_and_to_key7 = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
basic_tx_with_ether_and_to_key7.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("d41c057fd1c78805aac12b0a94a405c0461a6fbb").unwrap());
basic_tx_with_ether_and_to_key7.tx_mut().value = U256::from(123123);
let mut call_tx_with_ether = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
call_tx_with_ether.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000005").unwrap());
call_tx_with_ether.tx_mut().value = U256::from(123123);
let mut basic_tx_to_key6 = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
basic_tx_to_key6.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("e57bfe9f44b819898f47bf37e5af72a0783e1141").unwrap());
let mut basic_tx_with_ether_and_to_key6 = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
basic_tx_with_ether_and_to_key6.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("e57bfe9f44b819898f47bf37e5af72a0783e1141").unwrap());
basic_tx_with_ether_and_to_key6.tx_mut().value = U256::from(123123);
let genesis = client.block_hash(BlockId::Latest).unwrap();
let block_number = 1;
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key2.secret(), None),
&*client
));
// same tx but request is allowed because the contract only enables at block #1
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
0,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key2.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&call_tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx.clone().sign(key2.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key2.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&call_tx.clone().sign(key2.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx.clone().sign(key3.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key3.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&call_tx.clone().sign(key3.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx.clone().sign(key4.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key4.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&call_tx.clone().sign(key4.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&call_tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx_with_ether_and_to_key7
.clone()
.sign(key5.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&call_tx_with_ether.clone().sign(key5.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx.clone().sign(key6.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx_with_ether_and_to_key7
.clone()
.sign(key6.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx_to_key6.clone().sign(key7.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx_with_ether_and_to_key6
.clone()
.sign(key7.secret(), None),
&*client
));
}
/// Contract code: res/chainspec/test/contract_ver_3.sol
#[test]
fn transaction_filter_ver_3() {
let spec_data = include_str!("../res/chainspec/test/contract_ver_3_genesis.json");
let db = test_helpers::new_db();
let tempdir = TempDir::new("").unwrap();
let spec = Spec::load(&tempdir.path(), spec_data.as_bytes()).unwrap();
let client = Client::new(
ClientConfig::default(),
&spec,
db,
Arc::new(Miner::new_for_tests(&spec, None)),
IoChannel::disconnected(),
)
.unwrap();
let key1 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
// The only difference to version 2 is that the contract now knows the transaction's gas price and data.
// So we only test those: The contract allows only transactions with either nonzero gas price or short data.
let filter = TransactionFilter::from_params(spec.params()).unwrap();
let mut tx = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
tx.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000042").unwrap());
tx.tx_mut().data = b"01234567".to_vec();
tx.tx_mut().gas_price = 0.into();
let genesis = client.block_hash(BlockId::Latest).unwrap();
let block_number = 1;
// Data too long and gas price zero. This transaction is not allowed.
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
// But if we either set a nonzero gas price or short data or both, it is allowed.
tx.tx_mut().gas_price = 1.into();
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
tx.tx_mut().data = b"01".to_vec();
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
tx.tx_mut().gas_price = 0.into();
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
}
/// Contract code: res/chainspec/test/contract_ver_4.sol
#[test]
fn transaction_filter_ver_4_legacy() {
let spec_data = include_str!("../res/chainspec/test/contract_ver_4_genesis.json");
let db = test_helpers::new_db();
let tempdir = TempDir::new("").unwrap();
let spec = Spec::load(&tempdir.path(), spec_data.as_bytes()).unwrap();
let client = Client::new(
ClientConfig::default(),
&spec,
db,
Arc::new(Miner::new_for_tests(&spec, None)),
IoChannel::disconnected(),
)
.unwrap();
let key1 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
// The only difference to version 2 is that the contract now knows the transaction's gas price and data.
// So we only test those: The contract allows only transactions with either nonzero gas price or short data.
let filter = TransactionFilter::from_params(spec.params()).unwrap();
let mut tx = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
tx.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000042").unwrap());
tx.tx_mut().data = b"01234567".to_vec();
tx.tx_mut().gas_price = 0.into();
let genesis = client.block_hash(BlockId::Latest).unwrap();
let block_number = 1;
// Data too long and gas price zero. This transaction is not allowed.
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
// But if we either set a nonzero gas price or short data or both, it is allowed.
tx.tx_mut().gas_price = 1.into();
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
tx.tx_mut().data = b"01".to_vec();
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
tx.tx_mut().gas_price = 0.into();
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
}
/// Contract code: res/chainspec/test/contract_ver_4.sol
#[test]
fn transaction_filter_ver_4_1559() {
let spec_data = include_str!("../res/chainspec/test/contract_ver_4_genesis.json");
let db = test_helpers::new_db();
let tempdir = TempDir::new("").unwrap();
let spec = Spec::load(&tempdir.path(), spec_data.as_bytes()).unwrap();
let client = Client::new(
ClientConfig::default(),
&spec,
db,
Arc::new(Miner::new_for_tests(&spec, None)),
IoChannel::disconnected(),
)
.unwrap();
let key1 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
// The only difference to version 2 is that the contract now knows the transaction's gas price and data.
// So we only test those: The contract allows only transactions with either nonzero gas price or short data.
let filter = TransactionFilter::from_params(spec.params()).unwrap();
let mut tx = TypedTransaction::EIP1559Transaction(EIP1559TransactionTx {
transaction: AccessListTx::new(Transaction::default(), vec![]),
max_priority_fee_per_gas: U256::from(0),
});
tx.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000042").unwrap());
tx.tx_mut().data = b"01234567".to_vec();
tx.tx_mut().gas_price = 0.into();
let genesis = client.block_hash(BlockId::Latest).unwrap();
let block_number = 1;
// Data too long and gas price zero. This transaction is not allowed.
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
// But if we either set a nonzero gas price or short data or both, it is allowed.
tx.tx_mut().gas_price = 1.into();
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
tx.tx_mut().data = b"01".to_vec();
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
tx.tx_mut().gas_price = 0.into();
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
}
/// Contract code: https://gist.github.com/arkpar/38a87cb50165b7e683585eec71acb05a
#[test]
fn transaction_filter_deprecated() {
let spec_data = include_str!("../res/chainspec/test/deprecated_contract_genesis.json");
let db = test_helpers::new_db();
let tempdir = TempDir::new("").unwrap();
let spec = Spec::load(&tempdir.path(), spec_data.as_bytes()).unwrap();
let client = Client::new(
ClientConfig::default(),
&spec,
db,
Arc::new(Miner::new_for_tests(&spec, None)),
IoChannel::disconnected(),
)
.unwrap();
let key1 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let key2 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let key3 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let key4 = KeyPair::from_secret(
Secret::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004")
.unwrap(),
)
.unwrap();
let filter = TransactionFilter::from_params(spec.params()).unwrap();
let mut basic_tx = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
basic_tx.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000032").unwrap());
let create_tx = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
let mut call_tx = TypedTransaction::Legacy(Transaction::default());
call_tx.tx_mut().action =
Action::Call(Address::from_str("0000000000000000000000000000000000000005").unwrap());
let genesis = client.block_hash(BlockId::Latest).unwrap();
let block_number = 1;
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key2.secret(), None),
&*client
));
// same tx but request is allowed because the contract only enables at block #1
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
0,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key2.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&call_tx.clone().sign(key1.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx.clone().sign(key2.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key2.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&call_tx.clone().sign(key2.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx.clone().sign(key3.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key3.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&call_tx.clone().sign(key3.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&basic_tx.clone().sign(key4.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&create_tx.clone().sign(key4.secret(), None),
&*client
));
assert!(!filter.transaction_allowed(
&genesis,
block_number,
&call_tx.clone().sign(key4.secret(), None),
&*client
));
}
}