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Community Currencies and DEX Multitudes
#########################################
:date: 2021-01-07
:tags: dex, exchange, liquidity, community currency
:author: Will Ruddick
:slug: cic-will
:summary: Decentralized Exchange (DEX) Contracts contain multitudes. There are nearly infinite ways to use them to connect blockchain contracts
Decentralized Exchange (DEX) Contracts contain multitudes. There are nearly infinite ways to use them to connect blockchain contracts (like Community Inclusion Currencies) for different use cases. Using them opens us up decentralized network topologies that we would never have dreamed of with old fashion stock exchanges and other financial instruments. The best part is that they can be used by anyone in the world with access to internet or even just an inexpensive phone using USSD/SMS.
.. image:: images/blog/cic-will1.webp
:align: center
:alt: cic-will1
The basic Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) contract (shown above) is a token that holds a real world claim against redemption of goods and services - such as the harvest created by a group of women managing a communal `Food Forest <https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/food-forests-and-syntropic-currencies>`_ In 2018 our CIC's were pool tokens that were additionally bonded to a on-chain reserve called Sarafu upon deployment. But connecting a CIC's full supply to be convertible (even on a bonding curve) to a reserve isn't always useful, especially in situations where you want to limit how much of your CIC supply is convertible or join the network after token deployment.
.. image:: images/blog/cic-will2.webp
:align: center
:alt: cic-will2
In that case the open source `Bancor DEX contract's liquidity pools <https://github.com/bancorprotocol/contracts-solidity>`_ can be used as relays (this is actually the most common way to use these contracts). As such a CIC creator or anyone holding a CIC (or any ERC 20 token) can choose to create a relay or liquidity pool (as shown abovce) to any other token on the network, like Sarafu or another CIC (similar to Uniswap but with the ability to create variable strength bonding curves between pooled tokens). With a liquidity pool anyone can choose to create liquidity (conversion to other tokens) - but with an intrinsic reserve (as we used to have) only the token creator can decide and generally that means 100% of our token supply will be liquid in that one way chosen upon deployment.
A network token like Sarafu can still be used to connect to many different tokens - but it isn't needed upon CIC contract deployment. Below shows how Sarafu itself is issued as a kind of basic income token and also serves as a bootstrap network token.
.. image:: images/blog/cic-will3.webp
:align: center
:alt: cic-will3
Hence a chama (women's group) or even a restaurant can create a CIC as a voucher for their future production of goods and services with proof of redemption commitment in physical contract with local authorities - then choose to take a limited amount of their CIC supply and place it in a liquidity pool along with Sarafu and/or some other token(s) such as ETH. This gives the CIC issuer the ability to choose **if, when and how much** they want to connect to other tokens or a whole network of tokens.
Given public infrastructure, this means we have a way of creating a currency as claims against redemption in goods and services and on-board those tokens when their community wants to into a connected network of Community Inclusion Currencies. These CIC holding users in such networks can provide proof of identity and various SDG impacts to direct humanitarian aid as below.
.. image:: images/blog/cic-will4.webp
:align: center
:alt: cic-will4
Note that this network topology potentially gives humanitarian organizations the ability to directly create and support liquidity pools as well - creating limited conduits for exchange between aid funds (used to purchase ETH for instance) and CICs..
While our work is focused on specific use cases of this technology in vulnerable populations, Grassroots Economics is a non-profit foundation seeking to connect organizations and groups to the ability to create and manage their own medium of exchange with the option of joining into larger networks to create communities of currencies. All our systems are built on an open source tech stack with interchangeable blockchains, modules and interfaces. We hope this open software design paired with the power of DEX liquidity pools are the building blocks of an emergent decentralized economy.
.. image:: images/blog/cic-will5.webp
:align: center
:alt: cic-will5

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:author: Will Ruddick
:date: Jun 22
:slug: claims-currencies
:modified: Jun 29
:modified: Jun 29
:tags: impact claims,data,CIC,claim
Global financial systems as well as humanitarian relief is based on claims, but the current infrastructure especially in vulnerable communities is weak to non-existent, which causes a lot of friction. The promise of a cryptographic approach to claims, is that groups of smaller actors can now more easily erect infrastructure which is authoritative and trustworthy. These claims can be endorsed and backed-up by data and live in data-objects (such as NFT) owned by an individual or organization.
@ -23,43 +24,63 @@ Issuers, who are not nations or banks, with their own claims and tokens have pop
Canadian Tire Money are simple vouchers denominated in Canadian dollars and have been in circulation since the 1950's with only one business as the backing. Because their supply and circulation (liquidity) is low compared to the size of the community they operate in, they don’t operate effectively as a medium of exchange - but for a village in Kenya or Cameroon they could, or when combined with producer credits from many other businesses they could span a market.
`Canadian Tire Money <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Tire_money>`_
`Canadian Tire Money <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Tire_money>`_
.. image:: images/blog/claims-currencies51.webp
In a credit system like Community Inclusion Currencies (CICs) we have an issuer and a claim of redemption and a token – which is a divisible and can change owner and can act as broader medium of exchange given strong endorsement. e.g. A group of women in a village may create a CIC to use as a medium of exchange as a claim against the produce from their cooperative food forest. These CICs may be accepted outside of the group by a local hair salon because the local elders have endorsed them and people have been able to spend them on food from the cooperative.
The idea of taking such Producer Credits and combining them together into networks of CICs to build resilience in vulnerable communities, works well as long as there are strong foundational issuers and strong endorsements, such as groups of businesses and leaders. Towns issuing their own script (currency) were immensely effective at supporting local economies during depression eras. Had these depression era systems been taxable/integrate-able by larger states they might still be in use today. Now days, we have programmable tokens which can be taxed automatically (via demurrage/ holding taxes ). We also have systems that can network together servers to create censor resistant and secure ledgers. Decentralized economic systems could really change dynamics in areas with chronic shortage of money. Generally, brute force airdropping currency on a population doesn't create local ownership or stakeholders for good reason – because such a token is missing both: fundamental claims against redemption and endorsements.
`Towns issuing their own script <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rgl>`_ `demurrage <https://gitlab.com/cicnet/erc20-demurrage-token/>`_
The idea of taking such Producer Credits and combining them together into networks of CICs to build resilience in vulnerable communities, works well as long as there are strong foundational issuers and strong endorsements, such as groups of businesses and leaders. Towns issuing their own script (currency) were immensely effective at supporting local economies during depression eras. Had these depression era systems been taxable/integrate-able by larger states they might still be in use today. Now days, we have programmable tokens which can be taxed automatically (via demurrage/ holding taxes ). We also have systems that can network together servers to create censor resistant and secure ledgers. Decentralized economic systems could really change dynamics in areas with chronic shortage of money. Generally, brute force airdropping currency on a population doesn't create local ownership or stakeholders for good reason – because such a token is missing both: fundamental claims against redemption and endorsements.
The idea of taking such Producer Credits and combining them together into networks of CICs to build resilience in vulnerable communities, works well as long as there are strong foundational issuers and strong endorsements, such as groups of businesses and leaders. Towns issuing their own script (currency) were immensely effective at supporting local economies during depression eras. Had these depression era systems been taxable/integrate-able by larger states they might still be in use today. Now days, we have programmable tokens which can be taxed automatically (via demurrage/ holding taxes ). We also have systems that can network together servers to create censor resistant and secure ledgers. Decentralized economic systems could really change dynamics in areas with chronic shortage of money. Generally, brute force airdropping currency on a population doesn't create local ownership or stakeholders for good reason – because such a token is missing both: fundamental claims against redemption and endorsements.
`Towns issuing their own script <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rgl>`_ `demurrage <https://gitlab.com/cicnet/erc20-demurrage-token/>`_
Cryptographically Endorsing Claims
*******************************************************
Cryptographically Endorsing Claims
How do we trust claims as well as tokens issued against them? If we think of a digitized claim as a declaration held by an entity/issuer and endorsed with an encrypted signature (private key) – we can treat that data object like a non-editable and encrypted file on a computer (or decentralized ledger system / non-fungible token) that only the owner can choose to show to others. That claim could declare anything, such as what a currency is being issued and redeemed for and it could be co-signed as an endorsement using the private keys of people and institutions that believe that claim. The number of tokens created against that claim could be determined by the endorsements (in a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) or old-school paper contract that is later scanned) as could the various parameters like demurrage and where the initial supply could go and linkages to other tokens or collateral. Finally, as someone looking to accept these tokens, I could look at the claim they are issued against as well as the entire supply and circulation history of those tokens on a ledger – as a form of peer to peer endorsement. These tokens could also be held in liquidity pools connecting them to other tokens and claims, meaning that even if the token issuer fails to redeem them there are other avenues for spending the tokens. We can even look at how these tokens circulate to get a lot of information about how they are distributed, how quickly are they redeemed and redistributed and so on. This gives us a way to de-risk and trust community currencies not issued by governments or banks by inspecting claims as well as endorsements and associated data.
`non-fungible token <https://gitlab.com/grassrootseconomics/cic-docs/-/blob/master/spec/020_redeemable_certifcate.md>`_ `old-school paper contract <https://gitlab.com/grassrootseconomics/cic-docs/-/blob/master/Sarafu_Network_Member_App_-_Draft__en_.pdf>`_ `liquidity pools <https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/static-vs-bonded-liquidity-pools-for-cics>`_
How do we trust claims as well as tokens issued against them? If we think of a digitized claim as a declaration held by an entity/issuer and endorsed with an encrypted signature (private key) – we can treat that data object like a non-editable and encrypted file on a computer (or decentralized ledger system / non-fungible token) that only the owner can choose to show to others. That claim could declare anything, such as what a currency is being issued and redeemed for and it could be co-signed as an endorsement using the private keys of people and institutions that believe that claim. The number of tokens created against that claim could be determined by the endorsements (in a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) or old-school paper contract that is later scanned) as could the various parameters like demurrage and where the initial supply could go and linkages to other tokens or collateral. Finally, as someone looking to accept these tokens, I could look at the claim they are issued against as well as the entire supply and circulation history of those tokens on a ledger – as a form of peer to peer endorsement. These tokens could also be held in liquidity pools connecting them to other tokens and claims, meaning that even if the token issuer fails to redeem them there are other avenues for spending the tokens. We can even look at how these tokens circulate to get a lot of information about how they are distributed, how quickly are they redeemed and redistributed and so on. This gives us a way to de-risk and trust community currencies not issued by governments or banks by inspecting claims as well as endorsements and associated data.
How do we trust claims as well as tokens issued against them? If we think of a digitized claim as a declaration held by an entity/issuer and endorsed with an encrypted signature (private key) – we can treat that data object like a non-editable and encrypted file on a computer (or decentralized ledger system / non-fungible token) that only the owner can choose to show to others. That claim could declare anything, such as what a currency is being issued and redeemed for and it could be co-signed as an endorsement using the private keys of people and institutions that believe that claim. The number of tokens created against that claim could be determined by the endorsements (in a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) or old-school paper contract that is later scanned) as could the various parameters like demurrage and where the initial supply could go and linkages to other tokens or collateral. Finally, as someone looking to accept these tokens, I could look at the claim they are issued against as well as the entire supply and circulation history of those tokens on a ledger – as a form of peer to peer endorsement. These tokens could also be held in liquidity pools connecting them to other tokens and claims, meaning that even if the token issuer fails to redeem them there are other avenues for spending the tokens. We can even look at how these tokens circulate to get a lot of information about how they are distributed, how quickly are they redeemed and redistributed and so on. This gives us a way to de-risk and trust community currencies not issued by governments or banks by inspecting claims as well as endorsements and associated data.
How do we trust claims as well as tokens issued against them? If we think of a digitized claim as a declaration held by an entity/issuer and endorsed with an encrypted signature (private key) – we can treat that data object like a non-editable and encrypted file on a computer (or decentralized ledger system / non-fungible token) that only the owner can choose to show to others. That claim could declare anything, such as what a currency is being issued and redeemed for and it could be co-signed as an endorsement using the private keys of people and institutions that believe that claim. The number of tokens created against that claim could be determined by the endorsements (in a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) or old-school paper contract that is later scanned) as could the various parameters like demurrage and where the initial supply could go and linkages to other tokens or collateral. Finally, as someone looking to accept these tokens, I could look at the claim they are issued against as well as the entire supply and circulation history of those tokens on a ledger – as a form of peer to peer endorsement. These tokens could also be held in liquidity pools connecting them to other tokens and claims, meaning that even if the token issuer fails to redeem them there are other avenues for spending the tokens. We can even look at how these tokens circulate to get a lot of information about how they are distributed, how quickly are they redeemed and redistributed and so on. This gives us a way to de-risk and trust community currencies not issued by governments or banks by inspecting claims as well as endorsements and associated data.
`non-fungible token <https://gitlab.com/grassrootseconomics/cic-docs/-/blob/master/spec/020_redeemable_certifcate.md>`_ `old-school paper contract <https://gitlab.com/grassrootseconomics/cic-docs/-/blob/master/Sarafu_Network_Member_App_-_Draft__en_.pdf>`_ `liquidity pools <https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/static-vs-bonded-liquidity-pools-for-cics>`_
While we can look at currency through the lens of cryptographically endorsed claims, we can also look at all sorts of claims, i.e. I claim I live in Kenya, founded a non-profit foundation and have a daughter. Just like a claim against redemption, that claim can be digitized and endorsed directly by co-signers and as well by secondary data. Community Currencies when combined with other types of claims offer a huge amount of secondary data to support various claims about impacts and even identity.
Various claims can be supported using community currency data along with other survey or IoT data such as:
* Product offerings: How many people are buying those products and giving ratings on them.
* Organic supply chains: Following the purchases from farm to plate for specific foods.
* Currency risk: How circular is the economy, velocity of the tokens, distribution of the token supply, connection to other currencies
Rewarding Verified Claims
*******************************************************
Rewarding Verified Claims
.. image:: images/blog/claims-currencies124.webp
@ -70,8 +91,29 @@ Frameworks and protocols for various types of endorsed claims that can be held s
Consumers of endorsed claims (organization that need trustworthy data) could include the UNICEF supporting SDGs, carbon offset purchasers, impact investors, loan and insurance providers and so on. Rewards or payment related to such claims also need to support the system of endorsements, (such as peer endorsements, web of trust and surveys), as well as the ledger systems that are holding those claims and providing data integrity and security. Such a claim market and reward system would promote people, institutions and even impact investors to seek out verified impacts. The same could also give people positive incentives for running servers (nodes) in order to validate data in order to mine impact rewards.
`UNICEF <https://www.unicefinnovationfund.org/portfolio?theme=blockchain>`_ `SDGs <https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/cic-indices-for-sdgs>`_
Consumers of endorsed claims (organization that need trustworthy data) could include the UNICEF supporting SDGs, carbon offset purchasers, impact investors, loan and insurance providers and so on. Rewards or payment related to such claims also need to support the system of endorsements, (such as peer endorsements, web of trust and surveys), as well as the ledger systems that are holding those claims and providing data integrity and security. Such a claim market and reward system would promote people, institutions and even impact investors to seek out verified impacts. The same could also give people positive incentives for running servers (nodes) in order to validate data in order to mine impact rewards.
Consumers of endorsed claims (organization that need trustworthy data) could include the UNICEF supporting SDGs, carbon offset purchasers, impact investors, loan and insurance providers and so on. Rewards or payment related to such claims also need to support the system of endorsements, (such as peer endorsements, web of trust and surveys), as well as the ledger systems that are holding those claims and providing data integrity and security. Such a claim market and reward system would promote people, institutions and even impact investors to seek out verified impacts. The same could also give people positive incentives for running servers (nodes) in order to validate data in order to mine impact rewards.
`UNICEF <https://www.unicefinnovationfund.org/portfolio?theme=blockchain>`_ `SDGs <https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/cic-indices-for-sdgs>`_
While Grassroots Economics is working to implement these concepts, the creation of open source frameworks and protocols for claim endorsement and rewards, is a vision held by many people and organizations. We’re proud to join the ranks of inspiring humanitarian organizations like the Red Cross, UNICEF, World Food Program and GIZ who want to enable local resilience and measure and reward impact, as well as technical groups like IXO.world and Regen.network who are building open source application specific systems on Cosmos meant to give humanity the infrastructure we need to solve real problems and live in harmony while navigating a world of claims.
While Grassroots Economics is working to implement these concepts, the creation of open source frameworks and protocols for claim endorsement and rewards, is a vision held by many people and organizations. We’re proud to join the ranks of inspiring humanitarian organizations like the Red Cross, UNICEF, World Food Program and GIZ who want to enable local resilience and measure and reward impact, as well as technical groups like IXO.world and Regen.network who are building open source application specific systems on Cosmos meant to give humanity the infrastructure we need to solve real problems and live in harmony while navigating a world of claims.
`IXO.world <https://www.ixo.world/>`_ `Regen.network <https://www.regen.network/>`_ `Cosmos <https://cosmos.network/>`_
While Grassroots Economics is working to implement these concepts, the creation of open source frameworks and protocols for claim endorsement and rewards, is a vision held by many people and organizations. We’re proud to join the ranks of inspiring humanitarian organizations like the Red Cross, UNICEF, World Food Program and GIZ who want to enable local resilience and measure and reward impact, as well as technical groups like IXO.world and Regen.network who are building open source application specific systems on Cosmos meant to give humanity the infrastructure we need to solve real problems and live in harmony while navigating a world of claims.
While Grassroots Economics is working to implement these concepts, the creation of open source frameworks and protocols for claim endorsement and rewards, is a vision held by many people and organizations. We’re proud to join the ranks of inspiring humanitarian organizations like the Red Cross, UNICEF, World Food Program and GIZ who want to enable local resilience and measure and reward impact, as well as technical groups like IXO.world and Regen.network who are building open source application specific systems on Cosmos meant to give humanity the infrastructure we need to solve real problems and live in harmony while navigating a world of claims.
`IXO.world <https://www.ixo.world/>`_ `Regen.network <https://www.regen.network/>`_ `Cosmos <https://cosmos.network/>`_

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Click for recording. (not exactly what was recorded - but close enough)
`Click for recording. <https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g>`_ ` <https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g>`_
.. image:: images/blog/emmas-duka19.webp
This song is called Emma’s Duka, and it's about Emma, and the
Duka where you could shop for all kinds of stuff, like peanuts, but Emma’s Duka is not the name of the duka, that's just the name of the song, and that's why I called the song Emma’s Duka.
*You can trade with anything you want at Emma’s Duka (E - A - E -B7)*
*You can trade with anything you want at Emma’s Duka (E - A - E -B7)*
*Walk right in, it’s around the back (E - E7)*
*Just a half a mile from the railroad track (E - A)*
*You can trade with anything you want at Emma’s Duka (E - A - E -B7)*
Now it started a few years back, when I went with a friend to visit Emma. And while we were talking to Emma she had a customer come up, his name was Alfred and he didn’t have a shilling on him. Instead of turning him away she wrote his name down on a little paper and the price of the peanuts and told him he could pay her later by repairing her shoes.
That seemed like a great idea and we figured we could just print up a bunch of those IOUs as vouchers for the whole community so they could still trade their goods and services when they didn’t have Kenyan shillings.
and that’s what we did and proceeded to give out ten of these paper vouchers worth about 400 Kenyan Shillings of goods and services to everyone in the village - to spend and accept back up with their own goods and services just like Emma did.
And pretty soon everyone was trading with these little voucher like they was currency
and we called it a community currency and it was working just fine to increase the local trade.
That is, until one day, Alfred was walking to Emma’s Duka to buy some peanuts with his community currency in his pocket and just as he crossed the railroad track, 2 police officers jumped out of the bushes.
They like to hide there you see.
And they told Alfred, “That was an unlawful railroad crossing – the proper railroad crossing being one whole mile down that way.” And they told Alfred “if you don’t give us some chai (they were very hungry) we’re taken you to jail”
And Alfred looked in his pockets and didn’t have one Shilling, but fishing around there he pulled out one of Emma’s Duka vouchers and told the officers they could go get some chai with that in the village at Emma’s Duka.
.. image:: images/blog/emmas-duka95.webp
Well, their eyes got real big and said “we can’t take bribes unless they're in Kenyan Shillings!”
Legal tender that is.
and they proceeded to take Alfred to the police station. And when they told the chief of Police what happened his eyes got real big too and he said “that there sounds like a case of gosh darn terrorism!”
And before you knew it – on the front page of the Daily Nation news paper was a headline showing Emma’s Duka Community Currency as part of af Secessionist plot and in league with the notorious Al Shaba terrorist organization!
And 15 officers from the terrorist police squad in full riot gear with grenades and automatic rifles, knocked down the door of poor old Emma’s Duka and took her to jail along with her compatriots Paul, Rose, and Caroline who happened to be in the vicinity holding Emma’s Community Currency.
Then the police called me on the phone and said “Son, we’d like you to come in for questioning”.
And so I gathered up all my papers and spreadsheets and presentations on the topic, left my 6 month old daughter with her mama and went over to the police station.
And they sat me down in front of the chief of police and an officer of the central bank
Officer Obie, that is
and asked me to explain my involvement in Emma’s Duka Community Currency.
And I proceed to open my laptop and give a powerpoint about where similar things had been done before in other countries where people wanted to trade with each other but didn’t have national currency. And the officer stopped me at some point and said – “well what gave you the right to help print this currency for Emma’s Duka?!”
And so I had to inform him that there was an age old story about foreigners assisting Kenyans in developing currency and it went like this:
------------------
“A long time ago an old man from the British East India Company walked into a village market day, and he was wearing some shiny shoes and a top hat. And everyone stopped to look at him, because they had never seen such shiny shoes, and one woman and her husband lost control of a cart of chickens and had to run around gathering them up.
That old man chuckled and told them to meet him at the big tree in the middle of the village.
And because he had two armed guards with him, folks thought they better just give him a listen.
And he sat there on a rock by the tree and took out a piece of leather and started to cut it into small rounds. And then he took out a stamp with the symbol of the royal crown on it and stamped each one.
Then he gave ten of these rounds to everyone there at the market and told them you can use these instead of chickens and other stuff to trade with each other.
And the villagers were shaking their heads because they already used shells for money, but they thanked the man anyway to be polite.
Then the man said – well I’m actually going to need those back at the end of the month, and in addition to the ten I gave you I’m going to need interest and want just one more than that.
And just as everyone was nodding and walking away, one man in the back stood up and said, “Where would we all get 11th round from if you only gave us 10 and we can’t make our own?”
Then the man chuckled and said, “well if you can’t pay it back you’ll have to come work for me.” And that’s what happened, the an loaned out more and more money, and no matter what a few people couldn’t pay back and he got more and more people to work for him,
and eventually that old man, he setup what was called the East African Protectorate
That was supposed to protect people, you see
and in order to protect people, they started what they call a hut tax, so every Kenyan had to pay the British to live in their own houses -
Well this worked pretty well to get everyone busy working for the British to protect things ….
That is until … the queen told all the old men the gig was up and to hightail it outta there and when they left, Kenyans just kept up the same system and called it Kenyan Shillings.
------
Now this was just to point out that trading peanuts for shoe repair and utilizing Emma’s Duka vouchers as a medium of exchange – came from a long line of historical and contemporary community currencies and that Emma's peanuts as backing for a currency, was a lot more civilized than various imperial methods of forcing a currency onto people.
But as I explained various theories of monetary issuance, Officer Obie from the central bank just wasn’t having it his eyes just got get bigger and bigger as he got angrier and angrier,
and he stood up and grabbed my laptop where my power-point was and said, “I am taking this here laptop as evidence!”
“Evidence of what?” I asked and he said “Evidence of of of … nefarious planning illegal terrorist activities”
And Obie proceeded to take my fingerprints and my belt and one of my shoes. I asked him why he needed my belt and shoes and said “well here in jail you aren’t allowed to hang yourself or run away.”
So Officer Obie locked me in along with Emma, Alfred, Paul, Rose and Caroline and a bunch of other folks who happened to have crossed the railroad in the wrong location.
And we all got to be talking about our nefarious activities and all of a sudden, I had the urge to relieve myself and asked where the toilet was and they all pointed down the hall.
I looked in there and as my eyes adjusted to the darkness, I could see the ground covered in months of human waste.
And seeing as how I only had the one shoe, I wasn’t about to go in there. So I went back to my fellow convicts and proceeded to barter for one of their shoes. All I had was a box of matches and some buttons and thank goodness that was enough, and one generous convict let me borrow their shoe. Now with two shoes, I went in and relieved myself and we all slept the night under a cloud of mosquitoes wondering what was going to happen.
.. image:: images/blog/emmas-duka229.webp
When the guards awoke us in the morning we were taken to a yard and Officer Obie asked if we understood yet what we had done wrong
and I had to admit that we had not given that we had been barter trading for shoes in order to take a dump – and he told me he wouldn’t have any of that and promptly put us in the back of a pickup truck and took us to the high court.
Once we got there we were put in another prison cell, and one guard after another, five of them in all told us that if we gave them something good they would make sure we didn’t end up in the fish hole – which is what they called the federal prison.
But we didn’t have much among us, and so we just waited to see the judge. And after nearly a day of waiting we got to see the honorable judge - who was looking through my powerpoint and Emma’s Duka Community Currency paper vouchers.
She asked us how we pleaded to the charges of terrorism and gorgery laid down by the Daily Nation Newspaper and Officer Obie
and we all pleaded not-guilty seeing as how we ain’t never done no forgery or treason and just wanted to trade peanuts for shoe repair.
She wasn’t so sure about that and for the next few months so we had to keep coming to court to see if we would end up in Shimo la Tewa.
The fish hole that is
After an international petition signed across the globe saying that folks ought to be able to trade peanuts for shoe repair, this all got the government highly agitated
and the director of public prosecution (Hon. Keriako Tobiko) took the case over and after reviewing all the evidence said there was no law being broken by trading peanuts for shoe repair, even if it was facilitated using a community currency
and the lot of us, Emma, Alfred, Paul, Rose, Caroline and myself were all allowed to go free but they wouldn’t give us any of the community currency back for some reason they didn’t tell us.
.. image:: images/blog/emmas-duka285.webp
Now do you remember Emma? This is a Story about Emma.
She packed up her broken duka and moved to near Lake Victoria and started another community currency there and still lets people pay however they want for her peanuts.
And finally, Officer Obie called me and gave me my laptop back and then he looked at me and said, "Kid, we don't like your kind, and we're gonna send your fingerprints off to Nairobi."
And friends, somewhere in Nairobi enshrined in some little folder, is a
Study in black and white of my fingerprints along with Emma’s Duka’s original Community Currency.
And the only reason I'm singing you this song now is cause you may know somebody in a similar situation, or you may be in a similar situation, and if you happen to be in a situation where the your country has banned your home grown crypto currencies and you’ve got a police officer is tellin you what you can and can’t use to buy and sell your goods and services,
There's only one thing you can do and that's walk up to that police officer that is harassing you wherever you are, just walk up and explain that “we ain’t got your kinda money and you can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka." And walk away.
You know, if One person, just one person does it they may think she's really just crazy and
They won't put her in jail.
And if two people, two people do it, in harmony,
They may think they're both crazy and they won't take either of them.
And if three people do it, three, can you imagine, three people walking up
Singin a bar of Emma’s Duka and walking away. They may think it's an
Organization. And can you, can you imagine fifty people a day,
I said Fifty people a day walking in singin a bar of Emma’s Duka and
Walking out. Friends, they may think it's a movement.
And that's what it is, the Emma’s Duka Community Currency Movement,
And all you got to do, to join, is sing it the next time it comes around on the Guitar.
With feeling.
Folks, if you want to change the economic system you gotta sing loud.
So we'll wait for it to come around on the guitar, here and...
Sing it when it does. Here it comes...
*You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka*
*You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka*
*Walk right in, it's around the back*
*Just a half a mile from the railroad track*
*You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka*
Folks, That was horrible.
I've been singing this song now for twenty five minutes. I could sing it
For another twenty five minutes. I'm not proud... or tired.
So we'll wait till it comes around again, and this time with four part
Harmony and feeling.
We're just waitin' for it to come around is what we're doing….
All right now….
*You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka*
*Excepting Emma*
*You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka*

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To be perfectly honest, which isn’t necessarily considered a virtue in the blockchain space, Grassroots Economics is my absolute favorite community currency project on the face of the earth and I couldn’t be more excited to join as an advisor. Some people might not know that there are thousands of community and complementary currencies out there. As a money-alternatives activist, cypherpunk, and digital democracy expert, I have the opportunity to speak to and advise quite a few community currency projects—but Grassroots Economics has a special place in my heart so it’s with great joy that I accepted Will & Shaila’s invitation to join the board.
For those who aren’t familiar with my work, you can find more about me on LinkedIn and on my Odysee channels. I host a regular open weekly meeting on these topics and teach a workshop on rethinking our financial and governmental systems. My place in the industry is somewhat of a contrarian. I maintain a long memory of unsuccessful startups, failed cryptocurrency projects, and ideas that didn’t hold up in the real world. Founders love talking to me because I can point to flaws in their thinking, connect them with people who’ve tried similar thing, and give them examples of what has and hasn’t worked in their industry.
`LinkedIn <https://www.linkedin.com/in/rebeccarachmany/>`_ `Odysee <https://odysee.com/@SufficiencyCurrency:7/MoneyIsSoLastCentury:a>`_
For those who aren’t familiar with my work, you can find more about me on LinkedIn and on my Odysee channels. I host a regular open weekly meeting on these topics and teach a workshop on rethinking our financial and governmental systems. My place in the industry is somewhat of a contrarian. I maintain a long memory of unsuccessful startups, failed cryptocurrency projects, and ideas that didn’t hold up in the real world. Founders love talking to me because I can point to flaws in their thinking, connect them with people who’ve tried similar thing, and give them examples of what has and hasn’t worked in their industry.
For those who aren’t familiar with my work, you can find more about me on LinkedIn and on my Odysee channels. I host a regular open weekly meeting on these topics and teach a workshop on rethinking our financial and governmental systems. My place in the industry is somewhat of a contrarian. I maintain a long memory of unsuccessful startups, failed cryptocurrency projects, and ideas that didn’t hold up in the real world. Founders love talking to me because I can point to flaws in their thinking, connect them with people who’ve tried similar thing, and give them examples of what has and hasn’t worked in their industry.
`LinkedIn <https://www.linkedin.com/in/rebeccarachmany/>`_ `Odysee <https://odysee.com/@SufficiencyCurrency:7/MoneyIsSoLastCentury:a>`_
What I can’t do is point to a lot of long-term success stories.
@ -37,3 +44,4 @@ Thank you for having me as an advisor on your team. And, more than anything, tha
-Grace Rachmany

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Kakuma Refugee Testimonial
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:date: 2021-03-28
:authors: Amina Godana, Janet Akinyi Atieno
:slug: kakuma-amina
:summary: After hearing about sarafu local leaders of a small community group started building a support network in their community
After `after hearing about sarafu <https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/kakuma-refugee-testimonial>`_ local leaders of a small community group started building a support network in their community. Nyota explains below how after living in the refugee camp for 10 years, Sarafu has helped her to maintain trade with her community and grow their collective farming even when there are no shillings available.
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Here the `FHE group in Kakuma <https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/refugee-economics-in-kakuma-kenya>`_ are meeting to talk about community farming and community inclusion currencies which they learned more about after a trip to Siaya Kenya..
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:alt: kakuma-amina2
Here the Kaukuma community leaders traveled to Siaya to learn about how Sarafu is used there and about community farming practices that Sarafu helps to make economically sustainable (circular economy). Communities teaching other communities how to use Community Currency is always the best way to share.
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:alt: kakuma-amina3
:width: 100%
This is the beginning of a new community farm in Siaya where the Kakuma team was learning. The poster is showing the intention of the community farm and soil regenerative practices that are being used. Below is a testimonial of one of the farmers in Siaya that taught the Kakuma refugees to follow their example to build a strong local economy.
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2020 Kenyan CICs Review
#########################
:date: 2021-02-07
:tags: dex, exchange, liquidity, community currency
:author: Will Ruddick
:slug: kenyancic-will
:summary: Starting in 2010 Grassroots Economics worked with local communities to issue vouchers aka Community Currencies (CCs)
.. image:: images/blog/kenyancic-will1.webp
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:alt: kenyacic-will1
Brief Historical Overview
***************************
Starting in 2010 Grassroots Economics worked with local communities to issue vouchers aka Community Currencies (CCs) as a medium of exchange with the belief that CCs could enable communities to develop a source of local credit based on productive capacity and local values, while creating a monetary system better suited to eradicate poverty and the multiple indicators of deprivation targeted by the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. After working with over a dozen communities by 2018 we began to support communities in digitizing their CCs.
2020 Survival Mode
********************
Starting in 2020 we embarked on the huge task of developing, refining and modularizing open source infrastructure that would enable communities to issue and manage their own Community Inclusion Currencies (CICs). CICs are blockchain contracts that enable a community to issue a digital voucher against claims of future production and create a possibility of conversion between that voucher to other similar vouchers.

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Kilifi Kenya - a hub for Community Driven Basic Income
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:date: 2021-02-10
:modified: 2021-02-12
:tags: Kilifi, Kenya, debt, Basic income, Community currency
:author: Isavary Khabuqwi
:slug: kilifi-isavary
:summary: The current reality is that following Covid-19 many have fallen deeper and deeper into debt.
The current reality is that following Covid-19 many have fallen deeper and deeper into debt. However, most individuals would still not openly disclose this reality to avoid the negative connotation that comes with owing. Imagine a world where household debt is no longer an individual burden, but rather a tool to build a strong local economy? Instead of waiting for Kenyan Shillings from the government or donors, basic income programs built via community currencies like Sarafu are communalizing and trading debt to reduce poverty. A perfect example of this is the diverse and welcoming population of Kilifi, who have begun to accept a basic income (locally called Sarafu) for goods and services, as a way of reverting the loss they would have incurred through stagnate loans and markets.
.. image:: images/blog/kilifi-isavary1.webp
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Residents of Kilifi like Kimmy Katana above at Red House, are accepting their role in driving economic change by embracing a different outlook to financial freedom.
The implementation of a basic income program in Kilifi, as developed by Grassroots Economics and supported by the Kenya Red Cross Society (KRCS), helps ''Kilifians'' choose to collectively curb the issue of prolonged debt amongst the vulnerable in the community. Thanks to the local sub-chief, Mr. Tony Tuva, the program exists as hope for a better future by empowering communities to build prospering economies.
What Sarafu means for me...
*****************************
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:alt: kilifi_isavary2
When a Kilfi resident, like Pascaline Wanjiku, accepts to receive Sarafu, she offers her customers a way out of debt. This means that rather than continuing my debt streak, I get an opportunity to clear my existing debt with the Kenya shillings I save when I purchase her bed sheets using Sarafu. Apart from helping the community, a user like Jesse Komora (a boda boda) accepting Sarafu from Pascaline for a ride then re-spending it to buy a shirt, is ensuring circulation continues rather than stagnation of debt and local markets.
Market Days
*************
Kilifians come to weekly Sarafu market days to sell goods and services using basic income (Sarafu ya Jamii). One such market happens at Mnarani Chief’s office behind MTG grounds each Sunday and is an ideal place to meet other people who believe in community driven basic income. This is an opportunity to buy and sell with Sarafu to support yourself and the economy while exploring your social-entrepreneurial spirit.
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Anyone can receive a basic income in Sarafu by dialing \*384*96#\ or call 0757628885 for more information. **This national service is free and available to all Kenyans thanks to the Red Cross.** Kilifians who don’t need a basic income, often support others by giving theirs to those in need and accepting it for goods and services or in place of debt.
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While these are the early days of Kilifi embracing a basic income it is wonderful to be part of such a vibrant and diverse community!
Follow the flow...
********************
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Municipal Basic Income(MBI) via CIC
######################################
:date: 2021-01-23
:modified: 2021-01-24
:tags: UBI, Basic Income, municipe, MBI
:author: Will Ruddick
:slug: municipal-will
:summary: A municipality, town or local administration is an ideal issuer and anchor for a basic/guaranteed income
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A municipality, town or local administration is an ideal issuer and anchor for a basic/guaranteed income because the have the means to back it and the intention to build sustainable and thriving local markets– Such a Municipal Basic Income (MBI) can in turn act as a growth medium and network token for Community Inclusion Currencies which allow local groups and businesses to form strong local markets through the MBI network.
In its simplest form a municipality creates a token which is distributed to residents and local projects – and taxed and redistributed as a basic income for those active in the network. This MBI would be backed by the holding tax itself and as well local services offered by the municipality (like 50% off public transport or health services). This is similar to Sarafu in Kenya whose supply is set by the target population – taxed and redistributed. The tax and redistribution incentivizes trade and discourages hoarding.
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Businesses and groups of residents can create a Community Inclusion Currency against their production (like a voucher) and offer some of these CICs in exchange for the MBI – in order to support the municipality. **This is a measurable form of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social enterprise.**
This allows business and communities to transparently and measurably connect their vouchers to the greater social service network formed by the MBI. Online marketplace could feature these supporting businesses as a way to drive traffic to them.
The initial supply and taxes collected from holding fees on balances of the MBI could also be used to aid community support networks and for local programs like Food Forests.
A municipality creating such a MBI would have to create a contract against its redemption as well as taxation and redistribution. This contract could be voted on signed and scanned as a pdf and fixed to the MBI token on a blockchain (low-tech).
Supporting business could in turn create their own CIC as a claim against their production (again in a signed contract) and place those CICs into liquidity pools that contain both their contribution of CIC (vouchers) and an amount of the MBI in order to enable traceable exchange between the two.
This means that people could keep their municipality economies thriving by accepting and trading a MBI which can be exchanged in limited amounts for business vouchers (ala liquidity pools with CICs)
While in Kenya we rely on Humanitarian organizations to supply a basic income token - a municipality, or local administration would be a wonderful anchor for community health in this way. The possibilities of MBIs combined with CICs are profound and life affirming. **Consider the value in decentralized, municipally supported economies (networks of MBIs) - building and supporting local as well as regional or National economies.**

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Recycling Debt (Kusaga Deni, Kubali Sarafu)
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:date: 2021-03-13
:tags: debt, defaulters, lenders, debtors
:author: Isavary Khabuqwi
:slug: recycling
:summary: Imagine having to endure constant reminders and threatening messages from predatory lenders your entire life.
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Imagine having to endure constant reminders and threatening messages from predatory lenders your entire life.
Imagine going out of business because you’ve loaned out too many of your products to people in need.
This is daily life here in Kenya
**Debtors suffer:** People are taking on debts from payment apps, banks, shops, friends and family at a break-neck speed, because they see no other option. This is why we have millions Kenyans listed as loan defaulters by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) and increasing `suicide rates of debtors <https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/49839-cbk-steps-suicide-rates-rise-over-debts>`_
**Lenders suffer:** Not all lenders are predatory. When small businesses lend out their products they often never get paid back. They end up holding the debts of so many friends, family, neighbors that they go out of business. How much debt are you willing to hold for a friend, family, neighbor, colleague, acquaintance until they pay you back?
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This situation creates what is known as economic gridlock (see video), strife and a culture that doesn’t care for each other. Frankly speaking, I believe we’ve been rendered unable to pay our debts by so many broken systems - we simply can’t solve this problem with the current national economic system which condones and profits off of it.
As a woman in her thirties and a single mother by choice, I’ve endured poverty because my urgency for money makes me vulnerable to borrowing - but I would have never thought I would have found help from the Red Cross. I always thought the Kenya Red Cross Society helped with disasters only - but it turns, out they are helping fix the disaster of our economy as well, by building a public free infrastructure for sharing our collective value called Community Inclusion Currencies (Sarafu in Kenya). Sarafu is a community driven basic income that helps individuals and small businesses achieve a debt recycling lifestyle - ending economic gridlock. Call Kenya Red Cross toll free 0800-720-577 to learn more.
**The fact is 2020 was a tough year!** We discovered how to incorporate hunger into our food diet in order to achieve our dreams. After the debt streak most of us have suffered, are we still willing to come together to help each other escape the debt gridlock and the “rat race”?
**Recycle Debt:** accepting and using community driven basic income is a solution we can all get behind. Sarafu are created for each and every Kenyan that registers using any phone by dialing \*384*96#\ Safaricom with no charges or \*483*46#\ on other networks.
**Lenders are Heroes:** When someone comes to you asking for a loan of money or product, ask them for Sarafu in return. Ensure that you hold a level that does not affect your business’ or personal financial flow and before you accept anymore, seek out your friends, families and debtors to help you spend it. This protects lenders form accruing too much debt and gives them away to spend their debt (kusaga deni).
**Debtors support Lenders:** Rather than keep asking for loans you can create your own Sarafu, which will help you purchase goods and services when you’re short of cash. Reach out to people that are generously holding Sarafu for work and accept it for your work and spend it among a network of your peers like is the case with `Kilifi Kulture <https://www.instagram.com/kilifikulture>`_
**Kusaga deni, kubali Sarafu** Refusing our old notion of debt and accepting the use of a basic income (Sarafu) is a viable solution in promoting circular trade to help the economy thrive. It’s quite easy to see a useful tool when you need it.
As someone who has suffered from financial depression, I maintained a routine that gave me the strength to face my peers. Not many are strong enough to do so, and those are the people whose hands we need to hold. If you’re willing to share your strength with those around you, then you’re a hero.
`Contact us to join a group of economic heroes in Kenya <https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/contact>`_

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Red Cross brings Community Currency to Kisauni
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:date: 2021-04-25
:tags: Red Cross, Kisauni, Covid
:author: Will Ruddick
:slug: redcross-will
:summary: Below are a compilation of Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) user stories from Grassroots Economics Field Support Engineers
Below are a compilation of Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) user stories from Grassroots Economics Field Support Engineers *(Emmanuel Mbui, Amina Godana, Janet Akinyi and Joyce Kamau)* supporting and working with Red Cross volunteers and community groups. Implementation with Red Cross volunteers led by Bahero Mohamed through door to door awareness raising and street theater began in January 2021. The following case studies are taken from the week of April 23rd 2021 and their successes continue to ripple out across the region. While Kisauni is only a small part of Kenya; through word-of-mouth over 50,000 households and small businesses in vulnerable areas have registered to be part of the Sarafu Network since 2020 and have traded roughly 3 Million USD of goods and services among each other using a blockchain ledger - on simple phones without the need for internet.
By Emmanuel Mbui
******************
Economic imbalance, insecurity, dependency and luck of money are the challenges experienced by most people in Kisauni. Thanks to Red Cross, partnering with Grassroots economics foundation for introducing CICs, Community Inclusion Currency (locally Sarafu or 'currency' in Kisawhili); a medium of exchange that builds trust and unites members of a community. Sarafu helps people pool the locally available resources and provides a fair space for exchange within the community.
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In Kenya, Mombasa County, Kisauni sub county, in Manyani village, we find Jackton Mwema (pictured above), a tailor in his community. Jackton spends most of his time mending other people clothes. By doing this, he is able to support his family from the little cash he gets. Like any other member in his community, Jackton is not an exception to economic trauma which is why he joined the Sarafu network. He is now linked to other members of Sarafu within the community who have other goods or services (Fresh water, vegetables, shops) to offer to one another.
Jackton at his place of work in Manyani village accepts payment in sarafu for the service that he provides, which he latter spends it to buy other goods and services from other members in the community.
Jackton is not the only one who benefits from Sarafu, in the same village of Manyani, we meet another beneficiary. Victoria Kylo. The owner of a small Duka (shop) in the village, she joined the network and accepts a small percentage of the payment in Sarafu. Victoria is in the same trading circle with Jackton and other members. Victoria uses her Sarafu to buy mboga(vegetables) and services like repairing her clothes from Jackton and to buy cold water from their neighbor.
The two have also manage to invite other people in by explaining how Sarafu works, giving a testimonial example through themselves. Now their trading group has four active members.
Due to Covid 19 Pandemic and its effects on the economy at large, most of the people have not been able to cater for their basic needs. The ones greatly affected being the vulnerable in the community. A ray of hope was brought upon these communities with the introduction of Community Inclusion Currencies which helps them get their basic needs and has also helped them in minimizing debt collection which was a great challenge to them. Here are some testimonials from different users in different locations.
By Amina Godana
*****************
Mshomoroni Area in Mjambere Ward: Its an area where the local economy is not that sustainable this is because most of the young and able youths have engaged themselves in illegal activities such as theft and high level of insecurity in the area. This is due to financial trauma. This has however begun to change with the introduction of community inclusion currencies since anyone can accept and use Sarafu even when they do not have a business. He/she can offer services in the community and be paid with CIC and later spend on other business.
Here are some testimonials of users who have benefited with the usage of sarafu in the area.
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Mwanahamisi Kiti: A mother of three who sells Samaki (fish) by the road side is very grateful for the introduction of Sarafu to her business she says she can now get the daily needs this is because there is an increase in customers to her business and the sarafu she gets she can comfortably buy charcoal from Patricia Munyaka who is her immediate neighbor. (She also spends her sarafu to buy groceries from Irene Matoke and buy Utensils from Suleiman Mohammed.)
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Patricia Munyaka (pictured above): She is the bread winner of her family has a small Makaa (charcoal) business which she says the sales have increased when she embraces the sarafu concept. She further explains how she has reduced debt holding in her business which was a major challenge to her but now she accepts sarafu instead of debts. This has greatly helped her business in terms of restocking. She uses her sarafu to buy fish from Mwanahamisi Kiti and also accepts sarafu from her and also buys groceries from Irene Matoke.
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Irene Matoke (pictured above): She runs a grocery kiosk she was introduced to the system by Mwanahamisi Kiti who shared her success story with her. Upon hearing this she was excited and joined the network with no hesitations since she was a witness on how sarafu has helped her friend Mwanahamisi. She buys fish from Mwanahamisi and sells her grocery to her and also spends her sarafu to buy charcoal from Patricia.
Suleiman Mohammed (not pictured) where he sells Malimali (utensils and other stuff) he depends on that business to put food on the table he is delighted to be a member of sarafu since he can get his basic needs. He buys Fish from Mwanahamisi and she in turn buys utensils from him.
By Janet Otieno Akinyi
************************
SARAFU CHANGING LIVES! Imagine being evicted from your house because of an accumulated rent arrears together with your 5 children. This is the sad story of Fatuma Mzee, a 35 year old residing in Mjambere, Kisauni, Mombasa Kenya of Sarafu.
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:alt: redcross-will5
*"My husband lost his work in 2016 and that pushed us to the toughest experiences ever in our lives. We struggled through different casual works just to put up with the bills-rent, fees,food,water and electricity. Life became even harder when our landlord could not tolerate us anymore, who would put up with 6 months arrears anyway? We were evicted* !
*My family decided to look for a smaller house. It is then that we moved to Mjambere. I have been here for 7 months. I started my Juice, Ice and Ice Cubes business. Through Sarafu I was able to provide at least one meal a day for my family.*
*In mid February 2021, I was lucky and overjoyed to know about Sarafu as it was introduced to my community. Through Sarafu, I have been able to unite with my neighbors, I’ve gained trust with them and this has enabled me to form my network of trade. I can easily get my basic needs from my network and the sales in my business have also increased. I’m grateful to Sarafu and I’m looking forward to referring more people to Sarafu so that I can grow my network.” Fatuma narrated.*
Among the users in Fatuma’s network are:
1. Ezline Chepkemboi: Ezline sells locally made detergents-jik,liquid soap and washing powders. Fatuma is no longer worried about her laundry since Ezline has her sorted. Ezline is also glad that she can get cold drinking water from Fatuma whenever the sun gets unbearably hot.
2. Celly Jerotich: who just joined Fatuma’s network is so excited about the concept. A widow and a mother to 2 adorable daughters runs her grocery shop just adjacent to Fatuma’s place. Fatuma therefore has her grocery needs sorted and Celly is also glad to be receiving juice and detergents from Ezline and Fatuma.
3. Rose Karimi: runs a small shop where she sells flour,rice,sugar,salt,cooking oil among other products. Talking to her about Sarafu,she was optimistic and happy that it was introduced to them. She stated that Sarafu has made it easier for them to get their basic needs. Karimi being in Fatuma’s network, is sure of getting products from other small vendors around her as she also allows them to buy from her in Sarafu.
4. Linet Saru: is a new addition to Fatuma’s network. A single mother of two narrated that Sarafu will help her cub poverty as she feels more empowered to grow her local economy through her network. Linet is a fish vendor and she’s glad to have joined Fatuma’s network since they will all gain from one another using Sarafu.
I find it amazing how community inclusion currency (Sarafu) can support and sustain the long-term resilience of the marginalized communities like Mjambere! The initiative delivered to Kisauni by Kenya Red Cross Society,Danish Red Cross and Grassroots Economics Foundation has impacted Kisauni residence in a positive way as it has not only strengthened and supported the vulnerable households but also created unity within the community.
By Joyce Kamau
***************
Mjambere is a community within Kisauni sublocation whose population includes people from the grassroots. When the pandemic struck most people from the community were already struggling to put food on the table. This is an example of vulnerable communities which live from hand to mouth.
Most people from this community are small business people who own small shops, Grocery kiosk, fishermen, food vending, casuals etc. Due to lack of consistency flow on Kenya shillings, some people struggle to get sell their goods, find work or get basic needs and hence end up being in debts. Covid-19 pandemic has made lives incredibly difficult all over the world with dwellers of Mjambere in Kisauni being no exception.
Execution of Sarafu network by Grassroots economy in conjunction with Kenya Red Cross in Kisauni community for the first time has been well received- it being a tool for trading where Kenyan shillings is lacking/not enough. Through Monthly statistics,its evident that sarafu has been circulating among users in transacting goods and services which has so far is creating a healthy and sustainable community in the face of economic crisis.
Below are examples of success stories from a group of users who form a good trading loop amongst themselves;
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Mathew Musyoka a resident of Mjambere community is a middle aged man who runs a Chemist .
With the surge of Covid 19, Musyoka has been willing to accept Sarafu for Surgical Masks from the community as a way of preventing the spread of Covid-19 and to help people save Ksh for other amenities. His daily limit on how much Sarafu he will accept for Masks is unlimited since he will still have some more stock even after selling some with KSH and made enough profit to enable him restock. This is his corporate social responsibility for his community. He also accepts Sarafu for over the counter medicines.
Mathew has also benefited by buying goods from other vendors like Esther Mutua who sells ground nuts and baked potatoes commonly knows as Viazi Karai.
Christine is a food vendor from Mathew’s network and whose son at one point got sick and She was able to get some OTC medicine from Mathew’s chemist. Christine on the other hand is supporting the community by accepting Sarafu for her chapati.
Abdallah’s family comprises of seven members and their source of income solely depends on daily sales from their family grocery kiosk. He is greatful with the introduction of community currency now that he can meet other basic needs for the family while using his trade networks among Christine and Mathew.
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Zaiwabu Moraa a grocer lady located a few meters from Mathew’s chemist is also connected to this active network and has supported her network by accepting sarafu for groceries and fries.
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Luvuno Kiti a fish monger is also been connecting with Zaiwabu trading fish to groceries using sarafu this two are immediate neighbors. She has been happy to accept 50 sarafu on a daily basis from other users and later spend to to buy groceries from Zaiwabu and Mahamri (triangle bread) from her other neighbor who operates a hotel.
These small businesses are good examples of how people build trust amongst themselves, help others in the community while using a form of local credit (Community Inclusion Currency) to grow their economy and meet their basic need. Community based currency traders from this village have been successful in meeting their daily needs as well as getting more customers .

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Refugee Economics in Kakuma Kenya
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:date: 2021-02-13
:authors: Marcelin Munga Petro
:tags: refugee, kakuma, sarafu
:slug: refugee
:summary: Short description of FHE community based organization.
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Short description of FHE community based organization.
dear sir/madam
Greetings, I'm MARCELIN MUNGA PETRO a Congolese by nationality being recognized under UNHCR as a refugee in side kakuma refugee camp.
I'm the founder and CEO of FHE organization that mean Farming and Health Education, the organization include 31 members who are contributing their own efforts and ideas in order to push the FHE vision, mission and objectives. FHE is Community Based Organization that works in Kakuma refugee camp to address the dire of health, protection and psychological needs of the children their families and the communities, with one of our strategy focuses being strengthen the community based protection mechanism. Enabling communities to be done active in protection.
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In addition FHE includes in its permaculture gardens and trainings, health testing and counseling training course, the pure COUNSELLING TRAINING COURSE, hygiene and sanitation training course component that seeks to improve the over all of adult education in kakuma refugee camp.
In this regard,we are conducting adult education or training vocational center and doing some awareness in the community with the aim being to engage individual discussion on adult education and other programs carried out by the FHE as well as to create self environment for the communities.
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With our program objectives, a basic income of SARAFU curbs some of the gaps that are facing. Often our members fall into debt - but when members use Sarafu this helps even in membership monthly contribution, and our group can also offer training to the community for Sarafu. If enough of us refugees trade with each other we don't suffer from missing Kenyan Shillings and debts. I can decide to buy food for my family using Sarafu to fill the gap of missing Shillings - and I can accept the Sarafu back for my teaching or food from my garden - even when we have no SHILLINGS! We all work together as a community.
We kindly request for support from Red Cross and other Humanitarian organizations in helping us spread Sarafu training to the rest of Kakuma to improve and give hope to the refugee community.
best regards
F.H.E CEO MARCELIN MUNGA PETRO

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Self-Funded Regenerative Agriculture Kwale Site January Visit
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:date: 2021-01-14
:tags: syntropic, agroforestry, regen, food forest
:author: James-thiong'o
:slug: self-funded-james
:summary: On 11th January 2021, I visited Miyani Demo Plot to monitor the progress made a month later after my visit in December
.. image:: images/blog/self-fund-james1.webp
:align: center
:alt: self-fund-james1
*Based on the design found in the Kwale Sites the above poster was created by W.Ruddick*
On 11th January 2021, I visited Miyani Demo Plot to monitor the progress made a month later after my visit in December. It had rained the previous day therefore crops looked healthy while the temperature was cool. For the past one month, maize had already been harvested and maize stalks used to mulch on the beds. Some vegetables such as capsicum/sweet pepper had been planted in the mid rows of the beds. In the nursery a variety of indigenous vegetables including amaranth and night shade were sprouting and will be ready for transplanting in a few weeks.
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:alt: self-fund-james2
The garden is slowly transforming from a mono-crop of maize, to a food forest with fruit trees, cassava and moringa now over a meter high. Despite the long dry season having started a month ago, the garden still has a huge potential to continue producing vegetables for the community in the coming months.
However, a few challenges exist including pests and disease. Aphids have attacked okra in their thousands, while caterpillars have attacked kale. As I had earlier predicted, this was bound to happen during the first to second year before the whole ecosystem matures to be able to regulate its own pests and disease.
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:alt: self-fund-james3
Topics Covered.
****************
1. Planting succession.
*************************
I emphasized on the need for planting in succession. After harvesting of any crop, another crop should be planted immediately to maximize on space, sunlight and water.
Factors to consider when planting.
a). The height of the crop when mature.
b). The space that the crop occupies upon maturity.
c). The time the crop takes before it matures and is harvested.
Use of local, organic and indigenous seeds is encouraged. These seeds are adapted to the environment and are more resilient to pests, disease and drought. I encouraged the community to look for their indigenous seeds, multiply them and start a community seed bank.
2. Munlching
**************
Mulching should be done on the beds and paths. Mulching helps in conserving moisture, keeping off weeds and helps in adding of soil organic matter when it decomposes. It should be done continously especially before planting.
Various plant matter can be used including grasses, weeds and crop residues. We used maize residues to completely mulch on the footpaths. This should continue at all times ensuring that every square centimetre of the soil is completely covered.
3. Organic Pest Control
*************************
1. We covered Integrated Pest Management which is a holistic method for solving pest and disease problems.
2. Using Biological methods by creating habitats for beneficial insects and organisms, growing diverse crops and planting repellents such as onions, lemon grass and chillies.
3. We also covered making plant biological pesticides using locally available plants such as chilli, garlic and neem. This needs to be applied sparingly as it also affects beneficial insects. It should only be used as the last solution.
4. Using mechanical methods such as handpicking caterpillars and using water pressure on aphids.
Next steps to take.
********************
1. Increase plant species diversity.
2. Continue mulching on the paths and beds.
3. Plant more intensively on the beds occupy all the growing space.
4. Keep pest population low, continuously check on pest and disease on the crops and act immediately.
5. Plant a living hedge of biomass plants such as senna, moringa, pigeon peas, lemon grass and vetiver around the plot. This will not only act as a wild break but also a sun screen, pests barrier and source of biomass for mulching.
6. Carry out soil test to determine and document improvements made in soil organic matter.
The progress made is phenomenal and I believe with continuous support, this community will gain knowledge and skills in Syntropic Agroforestry, have access to nutritious food and act as change agents in the community and beyond by spreading Community Inclusion Currency as a self-funding mechanism .

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Grassroots Economics has a New Director: Shaila Agha
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:date: 2021-04-08
:tags: organization, directors, staff, mission
:author: Shaila Agha
:slug: shalia_agha
:summary: When I was 9 years old, my mother came home one day with a monopoly board game.
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When I was 9 years old, my mother came home one day with a monopoly board game. It was the beginning of the March holidays and she wanted to provide us with an alternative activity to watching cartoons. Every day after that, my brother and I would insistently play game after game; holding on to our colourful money as if our future depended on it. Like all children, we eventually lost interest in the game. However, the colorful currency notes then became our most valuable asset. We used it as a means of exchange to incentivize each other to do each other's chores, as a rental fee to play with shared toys and even for buying candy off each other. We lived in the middle of rural Kenya, with almost no neighbours or shops, we therefore had no access to national currency. We clearly understood however, that currency (even play money) is merely a medium of exchange; with its value being determined by the users; namely us.
Sarafu the pioneering Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) in Kenya, is not so different from the monopoly money my sibling and I used all those years ago. Vulnerable households and communities have no access to credit due to a cycle of poverty that has systematically excluded them from the economy. “Hand a man a fish, he eats for the day, teach him to fish, and he can eat for a lifetime” CIC aims to include the untapped markets who desperately need goods and services yet lack the capacity to pay for them. By including them in the economy, not only do they become empowered, they are given an opportunity to actively participate in value creation and change their lives. The work of Grassroots Economics has not gotten the attention it deserves from national and regional governments as well as partners in finance and technology spaces. I seek to put an end to that and make sure that field tested best practices and open source technology spread wide and far to heal our society and planet.
When I was studying Fintech disruptions in traditional finance systems at Oxford, I decided to start my course by asking the question, ‘How does money affect social order and why is money necessary at all’. CICs are seen as radical reforms to broken systems, they are however, a proven working alternative that is demonstrating a major impact on the power distribution in the local economy. I am eager to measure the impact and get firsthand grassroot evidence on its successes and failures. With a long term multiplier effect of more than 21 times traditional donor aid assistance, this intervention seems to do what donor aid has failed to in the past, create self sufficiency and self reliance. Most importantly we need all hands on deck focused on education and regenerative agriculture programs across the planet and we need a financial system to finance this, create sustainable economies and fair distribution of our common resources.
In 2015, I attended a KIICO conference on trade and development. My angle, to understand the Kenyan economy and the government policies in place to promote technology in Finance. I carried a journal with me, a notepad that I scribbled names in that I should research later. Grassroots Economics was on that list, along with other NGOs and organizations that were on a difficult mission to create a circular economy. In 2020, after five years of working in the humanitarian space, I met Will Ruddick, adamant on wealth redistribution and regenerative economics and began advising the organization.
It is an honor to work as a Director along with Will and the Grassroots Economics team in their endeavor to rebalance the inequalities existing in our current economy and empower those who are most in need. To tackle today’s challenges, we need not only new solutions, but new methods at arriving at solutions. Data and data science will be at the forefront at meeting these challenges and to social innovation, humanitarian aid and international development.
*Shaila is an ocean loving global citizen trained in disruptive Financial systems, she has a keen interest in transformative agriculture and conservation. Her love for science and children led her to create a beginner science lab kit that she aims to launch in primary schools countrywide alongside an activity booklet called “The science of life”. She has held various roles in International organizations and private organizations from business development to analyst roles, all of which revolved around developing alternative financial systems and sustainability. You can find out more information about her here* .

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Clementina has a hair salon in an informal settlement on the outskirts of Nairobi’s industrial area. She has been accepting Sarafu for almost 5 years now. She’s the chairlady of the Shalom chama in Mukuru. She used to freely accept Sarafu for her hair salon services knowing she could go to the local wholesaler and trade in her Sarafu for hairpiece, hair products and even gas for her home.
But there aren't many of these wholesalers that will accept Sarafu and those that do only accept as much as they can spend on local purchases - like at the hair salon. Where would these larger businesses take the thousands of Sarafu they would collect from the low income neighborhoods if they accepted too much?
This has been the question that most Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) ask us when we try and onboard them. The existing networks of SMEs accepting Sarafu aren’t enough to facilitate the trade between them and act as a credit clearing system.
Systemic and enduring development is possible when communities are able to initiate and drive their agenda by working with the public and private sector to access basic rights and services as well as harness and grow their own resources. Kenyans are a giving people, as evidenced by our harambee spirit and our constant generosity towards drought-caused famine, not to mention the 100 million raised via MPesa donations after the Westgate attack. This generous nature points to the possibility of leveraging existing businesses in the community like the local wholesaler and creating awareness of the Charitable tax exemptions that exist from the Kenya Revenue Authority.
With Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) philanthropy programs being written off as a tax exemption, organizations merely have to choose whether to help their local community, or pay taxes to a government whose reach is never felt in these settlements. Not only will it cost the organization nothing to add Sarafu to their balance sheets, the positive press associated with the support will act as great publicity for the organization and ensure customer loyalty as well as guaranteed sales.
If SMEs could offer a small percentage of their sales in Sarafu with a moderate maximum balance limit, not only will they be adding much needed liquidity into the markets, they will be alleviating the pain and suffering of their immediate employees and clients. If Clementina can buy additional items using some Sarafu, she will be in a position to increase her purchased items, therefore not only benefiting the wholesale shop, but Clementina, her family, and the entire community. This small gesture on the part of an SME can only be realized if their suppliers - say Hashi gas, Darling hair products etc (larger corporations) agree that they would accept Sarafu as well on their Point of Sales devices (as just another product they have in inventory) and record this on their balance sheets and write it off as a CSR expense - then they would be able to re-spend or give that Sarafu to their employees and needy community members.

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Static vs Bonded Liquidity Pools for CICs
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:date: 2021-01-16
:modified: 2021-01-19
:tags: liquidity, pools, defi
:author: Will Ruddick
:slug: static-will
:summary: As communities create their Community Inclusion Currencies as a credit against their future production, projects and excess capacity
As communities create their Community Inclusion Currencies as a credit against their future production, projects and excess capacity, Grassroots Economics is looking at various ways to connect these tokens together and as well to other networks. Below I'll describe and contrast two approaches, namely a Fixed vs Algorithmic Rate liquidity pools. But before that I just want to give a simple overview of what a liquidity pool is.
For the blockchain and #defi folks they are probably familiar with the Bonded Pool like you can find with Uniswap or in the Bancor Network, but lets start with its sibling the Static Pool - which simply is a contract holding 2 tokens that are exchangeable to each other.
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In the fixed exchange rate or static pool above. A community creating a CIC can decide to add some of their CIC A token supply to a common pool along with some tokens from another community B. The pool contains A and B tokens.
Someone holding A tokens pays some A tokens to someone holding B tokens, the pool accepts A tokens from A and gives B tokens to B. Now anyone can push in A tokens to that pool and get out B tokens with a 1:1 fixed exchange rate - that is, until there are no more Bs in the pool. At which point someone from community B would need to add some Bs to re-balance the pool before any more exchange is possible.
This create a simple way for community A and B to trade with each other with a limited amount of tokens in the pool.
Next let's talk about a Bonded pool - the kind you will find in Uniswap or the Bancor Network.
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:alt: static-will2
In the algorithmic exchange rate or bonded pool above. A community creating a CIC can similarly decide to add some of their CIC A token supply to a common pool along with some tokens from another community B.
Now if anyone wants to push in A tokens to that pool they can get out B tokens with an initial 1:1 exchange rate - but every time you dd more As you get less and less Bs out. This can virtually go on forever until for each A added you only get 0.0000001 Bs and so on.
This create another way for community A and B to trade with each other with continuous liquidity but changing exchange rates. There can be a lot more added to the liquidity contracts, such as oracles that can adjust prices and investment shares that can grow based on exchange fees which are also options. Communities could also create DAOs and vote on which pools are allowed into the network. But let's stick with the simple versions mentioned above and compare them a bit further:
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:alt: static-will3
The table above gives a few ways to compare the types of liquidity pools. While the Bonded Pool allows for continuous liquidity and a market price stabilization effect, it also creates a variable exchange rate that is often hard to deal with for regular commerce. In the extreme case, where many A's have been converted to B (changing the rate) and one CIC A users sends 10 tokens to buy tomatoes and they turn into only one B token - the tomato seller could demand more tokens - but this is quite cumbersome.
On the contrary with a Static Pool, one side of the pool could simply run out causing trade to stop until there is trade in the opposite direction. This could be equally frustrating for commerce and require the two communities come up with a regular method of trade balance or to allow for multiple non-exchangeable tokens co-existing in their wallets.
If communities connect their CICs to a basic income or network token like Sarafu in a 1:1 Static Pool - all such CICs would automatically be exchangeable 1:1 with each other. This is appealing because it creates a well defined common pool of tokens connected through a network token. This method combines the concept of a UBI with a credit system - described briefly `here <https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/dex-multitudes>`_
Also note that both types of pools could be used to connect a CIC with some other non-CIC token (like Eth or DAI) who's value might be fluctuating or unknown relative to the CICs - in this case having market supply and demand to establish that price over time might be preferable using a Bonded Pool. Note that many such pools can co-exist in the same network, connecting the same tokens. So connecting UBI and CICs on static pools while also connecting to non-CICs via bonded pools could allow for in-network 1:1 exchanges and variable/market rate exchanges against foreign tokens (e.g. Eth or stable coins).
We're excited to be building infrastructure - using the open source `Bancor DEX contracts <https://github.com/bancorprotocol/contracts-solidity>`_ -that can accommodate an extremely diverse set of pools - creating really decentralized typologies for common pooling of Community Inclusion Currencies.

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:title: Taxation & Community Currencies
:author: Will Ruddick
:date: 2 days ago
:slug: taxation-community
:tags: tax,taxation,demurrage,holding fees
.. image:: images/blog/taxation-community18.webp
This is a touchy topic! One that is the last thing a lot of community currency designers often want to think about, yet the first question they are asked.
While in most regulatory regimes, right now, a community currency (CCs) is nothing more than a tradable voucher. Taxation on these vouchers is similar to trading any crypto currency - a grey area at best. When exchanging CCs or any crypto currency for National Currency is when you begin to enter the current tax regimes. I say current, because things change fast in this space and actively thinking about how taxes could or should be imposed, collected and redistributed is extremely important. Below are some concepts on taxation of CCs that should be considered.
*While in most regulatory regimes, right now, a community currency (CCs) is nothing more than a tradable voucher. Taxation on these vouchers is similar to trading any crypto currency - a grey area at best. When exchanging CCs or any crypto currency for National Currency is when you begin to enter the current tax regimes. I say current, because things change fast in this space and actively thinking about how taxes could or should be imposed, collected and redistributed is extremely important. Below are some concepts on taxation of CCs that should be considered.*
While in most regulatory regimes, right now, a community currency (CCs) is nothing more than a tradable voucher. Taxation on these vouchers is similar to trading any crypto currency - a grey area at best. When exchanging CCs or any crypto currency for National Currency is when you begin to enter the current tax regimes. I say current, because things change fast in this space and actively thinking about how taxes could or should be imposed, collected and redistributed is extremely important. Below are some concepts on taxation of CCs that should be considered.
*While in most regulatory regimes, right now, a community currency (CCs) is nothing more than a tradable voucher. Taxation on these vouchers is similar to trading any crypto currency - a grey area at best. When exchanging CCs or any crypto currency for National Currency is when you begin to enter the current tax regimes. I say current, because things change fast in this space and actively thinking about how taxes could or should be imposed, collected and redistributed is extremely important. Below are some concepts on taxation of CCs that should be considered.*
While in most regulatory regimes, right now, a community currency (CCs) is nothing more than a tradable voucher. Taxation on these vouchers is similar to trading any crypto currency - a grey area at best. When exchanging CCs or any crypto currency for National Currency is when you begin to enter the current tax regimes. I say current, because things change fast in this space and actively thinking about how taxes could or should be imposed, collected and redistributed is extremely important. Below are some concepts on taxation of CCs that should be considered.
Community Currencies are about giving people the right to issue their own credit and use it as a medium of exchange - often filling the gaps left by low liquidity and hoarding of national currency. There is an obvious tension here with governments seeing CC trade as productive activity and/or utilization of public services, going un-taxed.
Generally community currency creators don't want to end funding to governments that provide useful services but we do want to make sure people have a say in how taxes are spent! In the case of Grassroots Economics - we are a non-profit foundation trying to provide a way for people to live together without the constant fear and trauma of monetary scarcity.
*Generally community currency creators don't want to end funding to governments that provide useful services but we do want to make sure people have a say in how taxes are spent! In the case of Grassroots Economics - we are a non-profit foundation trying to provide a way for people to live together without the constant fear and trauma of monetary scarcity.*
Generally community currency creators don't want to end funding to governments that provide useful services but we do want to make sure people have a say in how taxes are spent! In the case of Grassroots Economics - we are a non-profit foundation trying to provide a way for people to live together without the constant fear and trauma of monetary scarcity.
*Generally community currency creators don't want to end funding to governments that provide useful services but we do want to make sure people have a say in how taxes are spent! In the case of Grassroots Economics - we are a non-profit foundation trying to provide a way for people to live together without the constant fear and trauma of monetary scarcity.*
Generally community currency creators don't want to end funding to governments that provide useful services but we do want to make sure people have a say in how taxes are spent! In the case of Grassroots Economics - we are a non-profit foundation trying to provide a way for people to live together without the constant fear and trauma of monetary scarcity.
**Demurrage on currency is a simple concept: currency decay over time (such as holding tax as a percentage deducted from all balances). This idea was created by the economist Silvio Gesell and first implemented Austrian town of Wörgl in 1932 with great success. It was created in order to reduce hoarding and encourage people to invest in local productive capacity - leaving currency as a medium of exchange and less of a form of savings. Rather than using paper currency and the purchase of stamps to keep your currency valuable, as was done in the 1930's we can use modern technology such as blockchain to create complete transparency and automation of tax collection. To use demurrage as taxation digitally today - this holding tax can be collected automatically using blockchain smart contracts and deposited into a public contract or Demurrage decentralized Autonomous Organization (DDAO). Anyone holding the currency would have a right to vote on the DDAO to determine where their demurrage goes. Governments could regulate these DDAO contracts to ensure a percentage goes to them - and they as well would be taxed on any unspent funds.**
Demurrage on currency is a simple concept: currency decay over time (such as holding tax as a percentage deducted from all balances). This idea was created by the economist Silvio Gesell and first implemented Austrian town of Wörgl in 1932 with great success. It was created in order to reduce hoarding and encourage people to invest in local productive capacity - leaving currency as a medium of exchange and less of a form of savings. Rather than using paper currency and the purchase of stamps to keep your currency valuable, as was done in the 1930's we can use modern technology such as blockchain to create complete transparency and automation of tax collection. To use demurrage as taxation digitally today - this holding tax can be collected automatically using blockchain smart contracts and deposited into a public contract or Demurrage decentralized Autonomous Organization (DDAO). Anyone holding the currency would have a right to vote on the DDAO to determine where their demurrage goes. Governments could regulate these DDAO contracts to ensure a percentage goes to them - and they as well would be taxed on any unspent funds.
**Demurrage on currency is a simple concept: currency decay over time (such as holding tax as a percentage deducted from all balances). This idea was created by the economist Silvio Gesell and first implemented Austrian town of Wörgl in 1932 with great success. It was created in order to reduce hoarding and encourage people to invest in local productive capacity - leaving currency as a medium of exchange and less of a form of savings. Rather than using paper currency and the purchase of stamps to keep your currency valuable, as was done in the 1930's we can use modern technology such as blockchain to create complete transparency and automation of tax collection. To use demurrage as taxation digitally today - this holding tax can be collected automatically using blockchain smart contracts and deposited into a public contract or Demurrage decentralized Autonomous Organization (DDAO). Anyone holding the currency would have a right to vote on the DDAO to determine where their demurrage goes. Governments could regulate these DDAO contracts to ensure a percentage goes to them - and they as well would be taxed on any unspent funds.**
Demurrage on currency is a simple concept: currency decay over time (such as holding tax as a percentage deducted from all balances). This idea was created by the economist Silvio Gesell and first implemented Austrian town of Wörgl in 1932 with great success. It was created in order to reduce hoarding and encourage people to invest in local productive capacity - leaving currency as a medium of exchange and less of a form of savings. Rather than using paper currency and the purchase of stamps to keep your currency valuable, as was done in the 1930's we can use modern technology such as blockchain to create complete transparency and automation of tax collection. To use demurrage as taxation digitally today - this holding tax can be collected automatically using blockchain smart contracts and deposited into a public contract or Demurrage decentralized Autonomous Organization (DDAO). Anyone holding the currency would have a right to vote on the DDAO to determine where their demurrage goes. Governments could regulate these DDAO contracts to ensure a percentage goes to them - and they as well would be taxed on any unspent funds.
.. image:: images/blog/taxation-community70.webp
In the above diagram you can see a community creating a Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) as a claim against their future production. Such a CIC could also be issued by a government or municipality as in the case of Wörgl against redemption in government services. These CIC tokens could intrinsically be taxable into a DDAO and a portion could go to local government while the rest goes back to the CIC users themselves. The CIC collected by government would have to be used or be taxed back into the DDAO and be again redistributed. This creates a virtuous cycle where local taxes are automatically collected and must be re-spent locally. Such a CIC tax could even be reissued by government as a basic income. Social service organizations and charities could show their CIC transaction volumes in order to convince the public and government to allocate (vote) CIC tax redistribution to them.
**In the above diagram you can see a community creating a Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) as a claim against their future production. Such a CIC could also be issued by a government or municipality as in the case of Wörgl against redemption in government services. These CIC tokens could intrinsically be taxable into a DDAO and a portion could go to local government while the rest goes back to the CIC users themselves. The CIC collected by government would have to be used or be taxed back into the DDAO and be again redistributed. This creates a virtuous cycle where local taxes are automatically collected and must be re-spent locally. Such a CIC tax could even be reissued by government as a basic income. Social service organizations and charities could show their CIC transaction volumes in order to convince the public and government to allocate (vote) CIC tax redistribution to them.**
In the above diagram you can see a community creating a Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) as a claim against their future production. Such a CIC could also be issued by a government or municipality as in the case of Wörgl against redemption in government services. These CIC tokens could intrinsically be taxable into a DDAO and a portion could go to local government while the rest goes back to the CIC users themselves. The CIC collected by government would have to be used or be taxed back into the DDAO and be again redistributed. This creates a virtuous cycle where local taxes are automatically collected and must be re-spent locally. Such a CIC tax could even be reissued by government as a basic income. Social service organizations and charities could show their CIC transaction volumes in order to convince the public and government to allocate (vote) CIC tax redistribution to them.
*In the above diagram you can see a community creating a Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) as a claim against their future production. Such a CIC could also be issued by a government or municipality as in the case of Wörgl against redemption in government services. These CIC tokens could intrinsically be taxable into a DDAO and a portion could go to local government while the rest goes back to the CIC users themselves. The CIC collected by government would have to be used or be taxed back into the DDAO and be again redistributed. This creates a virtuous cycle where local taxes are automatically collected and must be re-spent locally. Such a CIC tax could even be reissued by government as a basic income. Social service organizations and charities could show their CIC transaction volumes in order to convince the public and government to allocate (vote) CIC tax redistribution to them.*
In the above diagram you can see a community creating a Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) as a claim against their future production. Such a CIC could also be issued by a government or municipality as in the case of Wörgl against redemption in government services. These CIC tokens could intrinsically be taxable into a DDAO and a portion could go to local government while the rest goes back to the CIC users themselves. The CIC collected by government would have to be used or be taxed back into the DDAO and be again redistributed. This creates a virtuous cycle where local taxes are automatically collected and must be re-spent locally. Such a CIC tax could even be reissued by government as a basic income. Social service organizations and charities could show their CIC transaction volumes in order to convince the public and government to allocate (vote) CIC tax redistribution to them.
**In the above diagram you can see a community creating a Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) as a claim against their future production. Such a CIC could also be issued by a government or municipality as in the case of Wörgl against redemption in government services. These CIC tokens could intrinsically be taxable into a DDAO and a portion could go to local government while the rest goes back to the CIC users themselves. The CIC collected by government would have to be used or be taxed back into the DDAO and be again redistributed. This creates a virtuous cycle where local taxes are automatically collected and must be re-spent locally. Such a CIC tax could even be reissued by government as a basic income. Social service organizations and charities could show their CIC transaction volumes in order to convince the public and government to allocate (vote) CIC tax redistribution to them.**
In the above diagram you can see a community creating a Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) as a claim against their future production. Such a CIC could also be issued by a government or municipality as in the case of Wörgl against redemption in government services. These CIC tokens could intrinsically be taxable into a DDAO and a portion could go to local government while the rest goes back to the CIC users themselves. The CIC collected by government would have to be used or be taxed back into the DDAO and be again redistributed. This creates a virtuous cycle where local taxes are automatically collected and must be re-spent locally. Such a CIC tax could even be reissued by government as a basic income. Social service organizations and charities could show their CIC transaction volumes in order to convince the public and government to allocate (vote) CIC tax redistribution to them.
Rather than only allowing banks and government to create our money supply - CICs give an option to decentralize credit issuance while preserving the functions of government to collect taxes and support social services. Governments - both local and national - that understand the power of credit decentralization and automated taxation, should see that this could be the largest and most sustainable funding source imaginable especially in countries like Kenya where the vast majority of businesses are informal and paying no taxes at all.
In the above video the Red Cross has introduced a CIC into a sub-county of Mombasa. Every token (Sarafu) has a 2% a monthly demurrage (holding tax) that currently collected automatically and is redistributed to active users in the community. Over 3 Million USD of trade has happened on this network and nearly 20 Million Sarafu tokens have been issued nation wide to over 56,000 households. If the county or national government were to accept locally created credit for local taxation via automated demurrage it could pay for roads, schools, health services and even basic income to support those in need.
**In the above video the Red Cross has introduced a CIC into a sub-county of Mombasa. Every token (Sarafu) has a 2% a monthly demurrage (holding tax) that currently collected automatically and is redistributed to active users in the community. Over 3 Million USD of trade has happened on this network and nearly 20 Million Sarafu tokens have been issued nation wide to over 56,000 households. If the county or national government were to accept locally created credit for local taxation via automated demurrage it could pay for roads, schools, health services and even basic income to support those in need.**
For policy makers wanting to understand more contact us.
For policy makers wanting to understand more contact us.
`contact us <http://grassrootseconomics.org/contact>`_
For developers - wanting to see a blockchain implementation of demurrage please check out our ERC20 contracts here.
For developers - wanting to see a blockchain implementation of demurrage please check out our ERC20 contracts here.
`demurrage please check out our ERC20 contracts here. <https://gitlab.com/cicnet/erc20-demurrage-token/>`_

29
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Youth Employment via Elderly/Vulnerable Support
##################################################
:date: 2021-01-28
:tags: elderly, youth, Basic Income
:author: Will Ruddick
:slug: youth-will
:summary: Using a basic income (Sarafu in Kenya) youth can support their elderly and vulnerable by giving them their Sarafu.
.. image:: images/blog/youth-will1.webp
:align: center
:alt: youth-will1
Using a basic income (Sarafu in Kenya) youth can support their elderly and vulnerable by giving them their Sarafu. Then those elderly/vulnerable in turn spend it with other youth run businesses, who could in turn give it to their elderly/vulnerable - who could, in turn, spend it on other youth run businesses and so on - **Creating a virtuous circle of markets and employment for youth and support for the elderly.**
.. image:: images/blog/youth-will2.webp
:align: center
:alt: youth-will2
While new in Kenya, this type of system has been around in Japan since 1995 and is called Fureai kippu . This system was one of the inspirations for bringing the concept of community currency to Kenya over 10 years ago. While this has been piloted in small communities - for the idea to really catch on - elders, chiefs, youth run businesses and chamas all need to understand the virtuous circle created and keep supporting it. This support network is a commons - and it takes identification, communication, training and care. We're very excited about the Kenya Red Cross taking up the challenge to spread
.. image:: images/blog/youth-will3.webp
:align: center
:alt: youth-will3
Above is a Kenya Red Cross volunteer working in Kisauni explaining how youth can support their communities and their own families using Sarafu a Community Inclusion Currency/ basic income.

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@ -99,3 +99,382 @@ console.warn: SearchSettings: "get: No settings file exists, new profile?" (new
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
1627909009287 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:37777
1627909010275 mozrunner::runner INFO Running command: "/usr/bin/firefox" "--marionette" "-foreground" "-no-remote" "-profile" "/tmp/rust_mozprofile878m0u"
1627909013782 Marionette INFO Marionette enabled
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1627909018231 Marionette INFO Listening on port 35017
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1627909079142 Marionette INFO Marionette enabled
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1627909080514 Marionette INFO Listening on port 39357
1627909080681 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session
1627909093272 Marionette INFO Stopped listening on port 39357
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
1627909164147 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:32911
1627909164150 mozrunner::runner INFO Running command: "/usr/bin/firefox" "--marionette" "-foreground" "-no-remote" "-profile" "/tmp/rust_mozprofilepKLlGz"
1627909164511 Marionette INFO Marionette enabled
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1627909165642 Marionette INFO Listening on port 36187
1627909165674 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session
1627909248532 Marionette INFO Stopped listening on port 36187
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
1627909261077 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:43107
1627909261079 mozrunner::runner INFO Running command: "/usr/bin/firefox" "--marionette" "-foreground" "-no-remote" "-profile" "/tmp/rust_mozprofilejz7QlA"
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1627909262566 Marionette INFO Listening on port 42505
1627909262597 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session
###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x6A0008,name=PMessagePort::Msg___delete__) Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
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###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
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###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
1627909350577 Marionette INFO Stopped listening on port 42505
1627909353835 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:41377
1627909353837 mozrunner::runner INFO Running command: "/usr/bin/firefox" "--marionette" "-foreground" "-no-remote" "-profile" "/tmp/rust_mozprofile9MrtcJ"
1627909354188 Marionette INFO Marionette enabled
console.warn: SearchSettings: "get: No settings file exists, new profile?" (new NotFoundError("Could not open the file at /tmp/rust_mozprofile9MrtcJ/search.json.mozlz4", (void 0)))
1627909355273 Marionette INFO Listening on port 36739
1627909355359 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session
console.log: WebExtensions: reset-default-search: starting.
console.log: WebExtensions: reset-default-search: No addons in our list are installed.
console.log: WebExtensions: reset-default-search: starting.
console.log: WebExtensions: reset-default-search: No addons in our list are installed.
1627909783182 Marionette INFO Stopped listening on port 36739
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
1627909786830 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:43241
1627909786833 mozrunner::runner INFO Running command: "/usr/bin/firefox" "--marionette" "-foreground" "-no-remote" "-profile" "/tmp/rust_mozprofilebygYC2"
1627909787198 Marionette INFO Marionette enabled
console.warn: SearchSettings: "get: No settings file exists, new profile?" (new NotFoundError("Could not open the file at /tmp/rust_mozprofilebygYC2/search.json.mozlz4", (void 0)))
1627909788270 Marionette INFO Listening on port 40091
1627909788355 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session
###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x6A0008,name=PMessagePort::Msg___delete__) Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
1627909875341 Marionette INFO Stopped listening on port 40091
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
1627909919364 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:56161
1627909919367 mozrunner::runner INFO Running command: "/usr/bin/firefox" "--marionette" "-foreground" "-no-remote" "-profile" "/tmp/rust_mozprofilegsTOf5"
1627909919728 Marionette INFO Marionette enabled
console.warn: SearchSettings: "get: No settings file exists, new profile?" (new NotFoundError("Could not open the file at /tmp/rust_mozprofilegsTOf5/search.json.mozlz4", (void 0)))
1627909920801 Marionette INFO Listening on port 42717
1627909920908 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session
1627910008345 Marionette INFO Stopped listening on port 42717
###!!! [Parent][RunMessage] Error: Channel closing: too late to send/recv, messages will be lost
1627910015666 Marionette INFO Stopped listening on port 35017
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<dd><a href="./emmas-duka.html">Emma's Duka Community Currency Movement</a></dd>
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<dd><a href="./smes-the.html">SMEs the missing link in Circular Economies</a></dd>
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<dd><a href="./redcross-will.html">Red Cross brings Community Currency to Kisauni</a></dd>
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<dd><a href="./self-funded-james.html">Self-Funded Regenerative Agriculture Kwale Site January Visit</a></dd>
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<a class="author-url" href="../author/amina-godana-and-janet-akinyi-otieno.html">Amina Godana and Janet Akinyi Otieno</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-03-28T00:00:00+03:00"> Sun 28 March 2021 </time>
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<div class="entry-content"> <p>After hearing about Sarafu local leaders of a small community group started building a support network in their community. Nyota explains below how after living in the refugee camp for 10 years, Sarafu has helped her to maintain trade with her community and grow their collective farming even when there …</p> </div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/janet-akinyi.html">Janet Akinyi</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-05-11T00:00:00+03:00"> Tue 11 May 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../faith-based.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Faith Based Community Inclusion Currencies">Faith Based Community Inclusion Currencies</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <img alt="" src="images/blog/faith-based18.webp" />
<p>Due to economic instability, many people in the marginalized communities are short of money to pay for church offerings or even worse, to set up their local churches. Local churches that have begun to develop their own community currencies (Sarafu) in order to developed their church structures and pay offerings …</p> </div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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11
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@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
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<a href="../refugee.html" rel="bookmark"><img class="img-fluid img-resize" src="../images/blog/refugee1.webp"/></a>
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@ -92,9 +92,12 @@
<time class="published" datetime="2021-02-13T00:00:00+03:00"> Sat 13 February 2021 </time>
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<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../refugee.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Refugee Economics in Kakuma Kenya">Refugee Economics in Kakuma Kenya</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Short description of FHE community based organization.</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../refugee-economics.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Refugee Economics in Kakuma Kenya">Refugee Economics in Kakuma Kenya</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <img alt="" src="images/blog/refugee-economics18.webp" />
<p>Short description of FHE community based organization.</p>
<p>dear sir/madam</p>
<p>Greetings, I'm MARCELIN MUNGA PETRO a Congolese by nationality being recognized under UNHCR as a refugee in side kakuma refugee camp.</p>
<p>I'm the founder and CEO of FHE organization that mean Farming and Health Education, the organization include 31 members …</p> </div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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25
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<a class="author-url" href="../author/shaila-agha.html">Shaila Agha</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-04-08T00:00:00+03:00"> Thu 08 April 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../shalia_agha.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Grassroots Economics has a New Director: Shaila Agha">Grassroots Economics has a New Director: Shaila Agha</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">When I was 9 years old, my mother came home one day with a monopoly board game.</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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@ -117,164 +117,12 @@
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../emmas-duka.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Emma's Duka Community Currency Movement">Emma's Duka Community Currency Movement</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <dl class="docutils">
<dt>Click for recording. (not exactly what was recorded - but close enough)</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">Click for recording.</a> ` &lt;<a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g</a>&gt;`_</dd>
</dl>
<div class="entry-content"> <p>Click for recording. (not exactly what was recorded - but close enough)</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">Click for recording.</a> ` &lt;<a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g</a>&gt;`_</blockquote>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/emmas-duka19.webp" />
<p>This song is called Emma’s Duka, and it's about Emma, and the</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Duka where you could shop for all kinds of stuff, like peanuts, but Emma’s Duka is not …</dt></dl> </div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
</div>
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</article></li>
<li class="li-style"><article class="article-display">
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</div>
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<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-04-25T00:00:00+03:00"> Sun 25 April 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../redcross-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Red Cross brings Community Currency to Kisauni">Red Cross brings Community Currency to Kisauni</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Below are a compilation of Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) user stories from Grassroots Economics Field Support Engineers</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<li class="li-style"><article class="article-display">
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<a href="../kenyancic-will.html" rel="bookmark"><img class="img-fluid img-resize" src="../images/blog/kenyancic-will1.webp"/></a>
</div>
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<div class="post-wrap">
<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-02-07T00:00:00+03:00"> Sun 07 February 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../kenyancic-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to 2020 Kenyan CICs Review">2020 Kenyan CICs Review</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Starting in 2010 Grassroots Economics worked with local communities to issue vouchers aka Community Currencies (CCs)</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
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<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-01-28T00:00:00+03:00"> Thu 28 January 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../youth-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Youth Employment via Elderly/Vulnerable Support">Youth Employment via Elderly/Vulnerable Support</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Using a basic income (Sarafu in Kenya) youth can support their elderly and vulnerable by giving them their Sarafu.</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
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<div class="post-wrap">
<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-01-23T00:00:00+03:00"> Sat 23 January 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../municipal-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Municipal Basic Income(MBI) via CIC">Municipal Basic Income(MBI) via CIC</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">A municipality, town or local administration is an ideal issuer and anchor for a basic/guaranteed income</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article></li>
<li class="li-style"><article class="article-display">
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-12">
<div class="set-height">
<a href="../static-will.html" rel="bookmark"><img class="img-fluid img-resize" src="../images/blog/static-will1.webp"/></a>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="post-wrap">
<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-01-16T00:00:00+03:00"> Sat 16 January 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../static-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Static vs Bonded Liquidity Pools for CICs">Static vs Bonded Liquidity Pools for CICs</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">As communities create their Community Inclusion Currencies as a credit against their future production, projects and excess capacity</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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</article></li>
<li class="li-style"><article class="article-display">
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<div class="set-height">
<a href="../cic-will.html" rel="bookmark"><img class="img-fluid img-resize" src="../images/blog/cic-will1.webp"/></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-12">
<div class="post-wrap">
<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-01-07T00:00:00+03:00"> Thu 07 January 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../cic-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Community Currencies and DEX Multitudes">Community Currencies and DEX Multitudes</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Decentralized Exchange (DEX) Contracts contain multitudes. There are nearly infinite ways to use them to connect blockchain contracts</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<p>Duka where you could shop for all kinds of stuff, like peanuts, but Emma’s Duka is not …</p> </div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
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<h1>Authors on grassroots-pelican</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="./author/amina-godana.html">Amina Godana</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="./author/grace-rachmany.html">Grace Rachmany</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="./author/isavary-khabuqwi.html">Isavary Khabuqwi</a> (2)</li>
<li><a href="./author/james-thiongo.html">James-thiong'o</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="./author/janet-akinyi-atieno.html">Janet Akinyi Atieno</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="./author/marcelin-munga-petro.html">Marcelin Munga Petro</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="./author/shaila-agha.html">Shaila Agha</a> (2)</li>
<li><a href="./author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a> (8)</li>
<li><a href="./author/shaila-agha.html">Shaila Agha</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="./author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a> (2)</li>
</ul>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12 base-footer">

2
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<h1>Categories on grassroots-pelican</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="./category/blog.html">blog</a> (16)</li>
<li><a href="./category/blog.html">blog</a> (4)</li>
</ul>
<div class="row">
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</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../emmas-duka.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Emma's Duka Community Currency Movement">Emma's Duka Community Currency Movement</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <dl class="docutils">
<dt>Click for recording. (not exactly what was recorded - but close enough)</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">Click for recording.</a> ` &lt;<a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g</a>&gt;`_</dd>
</dl>
<div class="entry-content"> <p>Click for recording. (not exactly what was recorded - but close enough)</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">Click for recording.</a> ` &lt;<a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g</a>&gt;`_</blockquote>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/emmas-duka19.webp" />
<p>This song is called Emma’s Duka, and it's about Emma, and the</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Duka where you could shop for all kinds of stuff, like peanuts, but Emma’s Duka is not …</dt></dl> </div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<p>Duka where you could shop for all kinds of stuff, like peanuts, but Emma’s Duka is not …</p> </div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
</div>
</div>
@ -181,163 +179,7 @@
</div>
</div>
</article></li>
<li class="li-style"><article class="article-display">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-12">
<div class="set-height">
<a href="../redcross-will.html" rel="bookmark"><img class="img-fluid img-resize" src="../images/blog/redcross-will1.webp"/></a>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="post-wrap">
<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-04-25T00:00:00+03:00"> Sun 25 April 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../redcross-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Red Cross brings Community Currency to Kisauni">Red Cross brings Community Currency to Kisauni</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Below are a compilation of Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) user stories from Grassroots Economics Field Support Engineers</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article></li>
<li class="li-style"><article class="article-display">
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-12">
<div class="set-height">
<a href="../shalia_agha.html" rel="bookmark"><img class="img-fluid img-resize" src="../images/blog/shalia_agha1.webp"/></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-12">
<div class="post-wrap">
<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/shaila-agha.html">Shaila Agha</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-04-08T00:00:00+03:00"> Thu 08 April 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../shalia_agha.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Grassroots Economics has a New Director: Shaila Agha">Grassroots Economics has a New Director: Shaila Agha</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">When I was 9 years old, my mother came home one day with a monopoly board game.</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article></li>
<li class="li-style"><article class="article-display">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-12">
<div class="set-height">
<a href="../kakuma-amina.html" rel="bookmark"><img class="img-fluid img-resize" src="../images/blog/kakuma-amina1.webp"/></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-12">
<div class="post-wrap">
<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/amina-godana.html">Amina Godana</a><br>
<a class="author-url" href="../author/janet-akinyi-atieno.html">Janet Akinyi Atieno</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-03-28T00:00:00+03:00"> Sun 28 March 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../kakuma-amina.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Kakuma Refugee Testimonial">Kakuma Refugee Testimonial</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">After hearing about sarafu local leaders of a small community group started building a support network in their community</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article></li>
<li class="li-style"><article class="article-display">
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<div class="set-height">
<a href="../recycling.html" rel="bookmark"><img class="img-fluid img-resize" src="../images/blog/recycling1.webp"/></a>
</div>
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<div class="post-wrap">
<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/isavary-khabuqwi.html">Isavary Khabuqwi</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-03-13T00:00:00+03:00"> Sat 13 March 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../recycling.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Recycling Debt (Kusaga Deni, Kubali Sarafu)">Recycling Debt (Kusaga Deni, Kubali Sarafu)</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Imagine having to endure constant reminders and threatening messages from predatory lenders your entire life.</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article></li>
<li class="li-style"><article class="article-display">
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<div class="set-height">
<a href="../refugee.html" rel="bookmark"><img class="img-fluid img-resize" src="../images/blog/refugee1.webp"/></a>
</div>
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-12">
<div class="post-wrap">
<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/marcelin-munga-petro.html">Marcelin Munga Petro</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-02-13T00:00:00+03:00"> Sat 13 February 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../refugee.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Refugee Economics in Kakuma Kenya">Refugee Economics in Kakuma Kenya</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Short description of FHE community based organization.</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article></li>
<li class="li-style"><article class="article-display">
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<a href="../kilifi-isavary.html" rel="bookmark"><img class="img-fluid img-resize" src="../images/blog/kilifi-isavary1.webp"/></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-12">
<div class="post-wrap">
<div class="post-info">
<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/isavary-khabuqwi.html">Isavary Khabuqwi</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-02-10T00:00:00+03:00"> Wed 10 February 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../kilifi-isavary.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Kilifi Kenya - a hub for Community Driven Basic Income">Kilifi Kenya - a hub for Community Driven Basic Income</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">The current reality is that following Covid-19 many have fallen deeper and deeper into debt.</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<div class="article-display-footer">
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<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-02-07T00:00:00+03:00"> Sun 07 February 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../kenyancic-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to 2020 Kenyan CICs Review">2020 Kenyan CICs Review</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Starting in 2010 Grassroots Economics worked with local communities to issue vouchers aka Community Currencies (CCs)</p>
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<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-01-28T00:00:00+03:00"> Thu 28 January 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../youth-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Youth Employment via Elderly/Vulnerable Support">Youth Employment via Elderly/Vulnerable Support</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Using a basic income (Sarafu in Kenya) youth can support their elderly and vulnerable by giving them their Sarafu.</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-01-23T00:00:00+03:00"> Sat 23 January 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../municipal-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Municipal Basic Income(MBI) via CIC">Municipal Basic Income(MBI) via CIC</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">A municipality, town or local administration is an ideal issuer and anchor for a basic/guaranteed income</p>
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<time class="published" datetime="2021-01-16T00:00:00+03:00"> Sat 16 January 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../static-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Static vs Bonded Liquidity Pools for CICs">Static vs Bonded Liquidity Pools for CICs</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">As communities create their Community Inclusion Currencies as a credit against their future production, projects and excess capacity</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../static-vs.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Static vs Bonded Liquidity Pools for CICs">Static vs Bonded Liquidity Pools for CICs</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p>As communities create their Community Inclusion Currencies as a credit against their future production, projects and excess capacity, Grassroots Economics is looking at various ways to connect these tokens together and as well to other networks. Below I'll describe and contrast two approaches, namely a Fixed vs Algorithmic Rate liquidity …</p> </div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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<address class="vcard-author">By
<a class="author-url" href="../author/james-thiongo.html">James-thiong'o</a><br>
<time class="published" datetime="2021-01-14T00:00:00+03:00"> Thu 14 January 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../self-funded-james.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Self-Funded Regenerative Agriculture Kwale Site January Visit">Self-Funded Regenerative Agriculture Kwale Site January Visit</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">On 11th January 2021, I visited Miyani Demo Plot to monitor the progress made a month later after my visit in December</p>
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<time class="published" datetime="2021-01-07T00:00:00+03:00"> Thu 07 January 2021 </time>
</address>
</div>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../cic-will.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Community Currencies and DEX Multitudes">Community Currencies and DEX Multitudes</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p class="first last">Decentralized Exchange (DEX) Contracts contain multitudes. There are nearly infinite ways to use them to connect blockchain contracts</p>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="../community-currencies.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Community Currencies and DEX Multitudes">Community Currencies and DEX Multitudes</a></h2>
<div class="entry-content"> <p>Decentralized Exchange (DEX) Contracts contain multitudes. There are nearly infinite ways to use them to connect blockchain contracts (like Community Inclusion Currencies) for different use cases. Using them opens us up decentralized network topologies that we would never have dreamed of with old fashion stock exchanges and other financial instruments …</p> </div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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<p>We live in and have to navigate in a world of claims. One of the chief claims we unknowingly deal with on a daily basis are claims against currency redemption, indeed the currencies we hold are valuable because they are claims against some form of redemption. Endorsements on those claims give us more and more confidence in currencies.</p>
<p>Governments along with banks issue national currencies, and claim they will redeem that them against taxes over time. This fiat bargain works as long as the issuance of more and more credit doesn’t cause inflation and there isn't a loss of endorsement. Endorsements to build trust in national currencies are not always obvious but can come in many forms, such as circulation data, peer to peer business acceptance as well as legal systems that upholds claims. This type of currency, being our standard medium of exchange worldwide, has many repercussions – namely inequality as issuance is centralized and the lack resiliency when such massive systems fail.</p>
<p>Issuers, who are not nations or banks, with their own claims and tokens have popped up from time immemorial. The growth of non-national currencies, lies in their claims and endorsements and ability to integrate with other systems.</p>
<p>Canadian Tire Money are simple vouchers denominated in Canadian dollars and have been in circulation since the 1950's with only one business as the backing. Because their supply and circulation (liquidity) is low compared to the size of the community they operate in, they don’t operate effectively as a medium of exchange - but for a village in Kenya or Cameroon they could, or when combined with producer credits from many other businesses they could span a market.
<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Tire_money">Canadian Tire Money</a></p>
<p>Canadian Tire Money are simple vouchers denominated in Canadian dollars and have been in circulation since the 1950's with only one business as the backing. Because their supply and circulation (liquidity) is low compared to the size of the community they operate in, they don’t operate effectively as a medium of exchange - but for a village in Kenya or Cameroon they could, or when combined with producer credits from many other businesses they could span a market.</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Tire_money">Canadian Tire Money</a></blockquote>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/claims-currencies51.webp" />
<p>In a credit system like Community Inclusion Currencies (CICs) we have an issuer and a claim of redemption and a token – which is a divisible and can change owner and can act as broader medium of exchange given strong endorsement. e.g. A group of women in a village may create a CIC to use as a medium of exchange as a claim against the produce from their cooperative food forest. These CICs may be accepted outside of the group by a local hair salon because the local elders have endorsed them and people have been able to spend them on food from the cooperative.</p>
<p>The idea of taking such Producer Credits and combining them together into networks of CICs to build resilience in vulnerable communities, works well as long as there are strong foundational issuers and strong endorsements, such as groups of businesses and leaders. Towns issuing their own script (currency) were immensely effective at supporting local economies during depression eras. Had these depression era systems been taxable/integrate-able by larger states they might still be in use today. Now days, we have programmable tokens which can be taxed automatically (via demurrage/ holding taxes ). We also have systems that can network together servers to create censor resistant and secure ledgers. Decentralized economic systems could really change dynamics in areas with chronic shortage of money. Generally, brute force airdropping currency on a population doesn't create local ownership or stakeholders for good reason – because such a token is missing both: fundamental claims against redemption and endorsements.
<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rgl">Towns issuing their own script</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.com/cicnet/erc20-demurrage-token/">demurrage</a></p>
<div class="section" id="cryptographically-endorsing-claims">
<h2>Cryptographically Endorsing Claims</h2>
<p>The idea of taking such Producer Credits and combining them together into networks of CICs to build resilience in vulnerable communities, works well as long as there are strong foundational issuers and strong endorsements, such as groups of businesses and leaders. Towns issuing their own script (currency) were immensely effective at supporting local economies during depression eras. Had these depression era systems been taxable/integrate-able by larger states they might still be in use today. Now days, we have programmable tokens which can be taxed automatically (via demurrage/ holding taxes ). We also have systems that can network together servers to create censor resistant and secure ledgers. Decentralized economic systems could really change dynamics in areas with chronic shortage of money. Generally, brute force airdropping currency on a population doesn't create local ownership or stakeholders for good reason – because such a token is missing both: fundamental claims against redemption and endorsements.</p>
<p>The idea of taking such Producer Credits and combining them together into networks of CICs to build resilience in vulnerable communities, works well as long as there are strong foundational issuers and strong endorsements, such as groups of businesses and leaders. Towns issuing their own script (currency) were immensely effective at supporting local economies during depression eras. Had these depression era systems been taxable/integrate-able by larger states they might still be in use today. Now days, we have programmable tokens which can be taxed automatically (via demurrage/ holding taxes ). We also have systems that can network together servers to create censor resistant and secure ledgers. Decentralized economic systems could really change dynamics in areas with chronic shortage of money. Generally, brute force airdropping currency on a population doesn't create local ownership or stakeholders for good reason – because such a token is missing both: fundamental claims against redemption and endorsements.</p>
<p>The idea of taking such Producer Credits and combining them together into networks of CICs to build resilience in vulnerable communities, works well as long as there are strong foundational issuers and strong endorsements, such as groups of businesses and leaders. Towns issuing their own script (currency) were immensely effective at supporting local economies during depression eras. Had these depression era systems been taxable/integrate-able by larger states they might still be in use today. Now days, we have programmable tokens which can be taxed automatically (via demurrage/ holding taxes ). We also have systems that can network together servers to create censor resistant and secure ledgers. Decentralized economic systems could really change dynamics in areas with chronic shortage of money. Generally, brute force airdropping currency on a population doesn't create local ownership or stakeholders for good reason – because such a token is missing both: fundamental claims against redemption and endorsements.</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rgl">Towns issuing their own script</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.com/cicnet/erc20-demurrage-token/">demurrage</a></blockquote>
<p>Cryptographically Endorsing Claims</p>
<p>How do we trust claims as well as tokens issued against them? If we think of a digitized claim as a declaration held by an entity/issuer and endorsed with an encrypted signature (private key) – we can treat that data object like a non-editable and encrypted file on a computer (or decentralized ledger system / non-fungible token) that only the owner can choose to show to others. That claim could declare anything, such as what a currency is being issued and redeemed for and it could be co-signed as an endorsement using the private keys of people and institutions that believe that claim. The number of tokens created against that claim could be determined by the endorsements (in a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) or old-school paper contract that is later scanned) as could the various parameters like demurrage and where the initial supply could go and linkages to other tokens or collateral. Finally, as someone looking to accept these tokens, I could look at the claim they are issued against as well as the entire supply and circulation history of those tokens on a ledger – as a form of peer to peer endorsement. These tokens could also be held in liquidity pools connecting them to other tokens and claims, meaning that even if the token issuer fails to redeem them there are other avenues for spending the tokens. We can even look at how these tokens circulate to get a lot of information about how they are distributed, how quickly are they redeemed and redistributed and so on. This gives us a way to de-risk and trust community currencies not issued by governments or banks by inspecting claims as well as endorsements and associated data.
<a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.com/grassrootseconomics/cic-docs/-/blob/master/spec/020_redeemable_certifcate.md">non-fungible token</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.com/grassrootseconomics/cic-docs/-/blob/master/Sarafu_Network_Member_App_-_Draft__en_.pdf">old-school paper contract</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/static-vs-bonded-liquidity-pools-for-cics">liquidity pools</a></p>
<p>How do we trust claims as well as tokens issued against them? If we think of a digitized claim as a declaration held by an entity/issuer and endorsed with an encrypted signature (private key) – we can treat that data object like a non-editable and encrypted file on a computer (or decentralized ledger system / non-fungible token) that only the owner can choose to show to others. That claim could declare anything, such as what a currency is being issued and redeemed for and it could be co-signed as an endorsement using the private keys of people and institutions that believe that claim. The number of tokens created against that claim could be determined by the endorsements (in a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) or old-school paper contract that is later scanned) as could the various parameters like demurrage and where the initial supply could go and linkages to other tokens or collateral. Finally, as someone looking to accept these tokens, I could look at the claim they are issued against as well as the entire supply and circulation history of those tokens on a ledger – as a form of peer to peer endorsement. These tokens could also be held in liquidity pools connecting them to other tokens and claims, meaning that even if the token issuer fails to redeem them there are other avenues for spending the tokens. We can even look at how these tokens circulate to get a lot of information about how they are distributed, how quickly are they redeemed and redistributed and so on. This gives us a way to de-risk and trust community currencies not issued by governments or banks by inspecting claims as well as endorsements and associated data.</p>
<p>How do we trust claims as well as tokens issued against them? If we think of a digitized claim as a declaration held by an entity/issuer and endorsed with an encrypted signature (private key) – we can treat that data object like a non-editable and encrypted file on a computer (or decentralized ledger system / non-fungible token) that only the owner can choose to show to others. That claim could declare anything, such as what a currency is being issued and redeemed for and it could be co-signed as an endorsement using the private keys of people and institutions that believe that claim. The number of tokens created against that claim could be determined by the endorsements (in a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) or old-school paper contract that is later scanned) as could the various parameters like demurrage and where the initial supply could go and linkages to other tokens or collateral. Finally, as someone looking to accept these tokens, I could look at the claim they are issued against as well as the entire supply and circulation history of those tokens on a ledger – as a form of peer to peer endorsement. These tokens could also be held in liquidity pools connecting them to other tokens and claims, meaning that even if the token issuer fails to redeem them there are other avenues for spending the tokens. We can even look at how these tokens circulate to get a lot of information about how they are distributed, how quickly are they redeemed and redistributed and so on. This gives us a way to de-risk and trust community currencies not issued by governments or banks by inspecting claims as well as endorsements and associated data.</p>
<p>How do we trust claims as well as tokens issued against them? If we think of a digitized claim as a declaration held by an entity/issuer and endorsed with an encrypted signature (private key) – we can treat that data object like a non-editable and encrypted file on a computer (or decentralized ledger system / non-fungible token) that only the owner can choose to show to others. That claim could declare anything, such as what a currency is being issued and redeemed for and it could be co-signed as an endorsement using the private keys of people and institutions that believe that claim. The number of tokens created against that claim could be determined by the endorsements (in a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) or old-school paper contract that is later scanned) as could the various parameters like demurrage and where the initial supply could go and linkages to other tokens or collateral. Finally, as someone looking to accept these tokens, I could look at the claim they are issued against as well as the entire supply and circulation history of those tokens on a ledger – as a form of peer to peer endorsement. These tokens could also be held in liquidity pools connecting them to other tokens and claims, meaning that even if the token issuer fails to redeem them there are other avenues for spending the tokens. We can even look at how these tokens circulate to get a lot of information about how they are distributed, how quickly are they redeemed and redistributed and so on. This gives us a way to de-risk and trust community currencies not issued by governments or banks by inspecting claims as well as endorsements and associated data.</p>
<p>How do we trust claims as well as tokens issued against them? If we think of a digitized claim as a declaration held by an entity/issuer and endorsed with an encrypted signature (private key) – we can treat that data object like a non-editable and encrypted file on a computer (or decentralized ledger system / non-fungible token) that only the owner can choose to show to others. That claim could declare anything, such as what a currency is being issued and redeemed for and it could be co-signed as an endorsement using the private keys of people and institutions that believe that claim. The number of tokens created against that claim could be determined by the endorsements (in a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) or old-school paper contract that is later scanned) as could the various parameters like demurrage and where the initial supply could go and linkages to other tokens or collateral. Finally, as someone looking to accept these tokens, I could look at the claim they are issued against as well as the entire supply and circulation history of those tokens on a ledger – as a form of peer to peer endorsement. These tokens could also be held in liquidity pools connecting them to other tokens and claims, meaning that even if the token issuer fails to redeem them there are other avenues for spending the tokens. We can even look at how these tokens circulate to get a lot of information about how they are distributed, how quickly are they redeemed and redistributed and so on. This gives us a way to de-risk and trust community currencies not issued by governments or banks by inspecting claims as well as endorsements and associated data.</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.com/grassrootseconomics/cic-docs/-/blob/master/spec/020_redeemable_certifcate.md">non-fungible token</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.com/grassrootseconomics/cic-docs/-/blob/master/Sarafu_Network_Member_App_-_Draft__en_.pdf">old-school paper contract</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/static-vs-bonded-liquidity-pools-for-cics">liquidity pools</a></blockquote>
<p>While we can look at currency through the lens of cryptographically endorsed claims, we can also look at all sorts of claims, i.e. I claim I live in Kenya, founded a non-profit foundation and have a daughter. Just like a claim against redemption, that claim can be digitized and endorsed directly by co-signers and as well by secondary data. Community Currencies when combined with other types of claims offer a huge amount of secondary data to support various claims about impacts and even identity.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Various claims can be supported using community currency data along with other survey or IoT data such as:</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<p>Various claims can be supported using community currency data along with other survey or IoT data such as:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Product offerings: How many people are buying those products and giving ratings on them.</li>
<li>Organic supply chains: Following the purchases from farm to plate for specific foods.</li>
<li>Currency risk: How circular is the economy, velocity of the tokens, distribution of the token supply, connection to other currencies</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rewarding-verified-claims">
<h2>Rewarding Verified Claims</h2>
</blockquote>
<p>Rewarding Verified Claims</p>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/claims-currencies124.webp" />
<p>Frameworks and protocols for various types of endorsed claims that can be held self-sovereignty by individuals and groups (related to trade, demographics, impacts and even carbon offsetting) as well as marketplaces that consume that information, are needed across sectors; from humanitarian organizations trying to measure and reward impacts against sustainable development goals, to people wanting to derisk an investment.</p>
<p>Consumers of endorsed claims (organization that need trustworthy data) could include the UNICEF supporting SDGs, carbon offset purchasers, impact investors, loan and insurance providers and so on. Rewards or payment related to such claims also need to support the system of endorsements, (such as peer endorsements, web of trust and surveys), as well as the ledger systems that are holding those claims and providing data integrity and security. Such a claim market and reward system would promote people, institutions and even impact investors to seek out verified impacts. The same could also give people positive incentives for running servers (nodes) in order to validate data in order to mine impact rewards.
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicefinnovationfund.org/portfolio?theme=blockchain">UNICEF</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/cic-indices-for-sdgs">SDGs</a></p>
<p>While Grassroots Economics is working to implement these concepts, the creation of open source frameworks and protocols for claim endorsement and rewards, is a vision held by many people and organizations. We’re proud to join the ranks of inspiring humanitarian organizations like the Red Cross, UNICEF, World Food Program and GIZ who want to enable local resilience and measure and reward impact, as well as technical groups like IXO.world and Regen.network who are building open source application specific systems on Cosmos meant to give humanity the infrastructure we need to solve real problems and live in harmony while navigating a world of claims.
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.ixo.world/">IXO.world</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://www.regen.network/">Regen.network</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://cosmos.network/">Cosmos</a></p>
</div>
<p>Consumers of endorsed claims (organization that need trustworthy data) could include the UNICEF supporting SDGs, carbon offset purchasers, impact investors, loan and insurance providers and so on. Rewards or payment related to such claims also need to support the system of endorsements, (such as peer endorsements, web of trust and surveys), as well as the ledger systems that are holding those claims and providing data integrity and security. Such a claim market and reward system would promote people, institutions and even impact investors to seek out verified impacts. The same could also give people positive incentives for running servers (nodes) in order to validate data in order to mine impact rewards.</p>
<p>Consumers of endorsed claims (organization that need trustworthy data) could include the UNICEF supporting SDGs, carbon offset purchasers, impact investors, loan and insurance providers and so on. Rewards or payment related to such claims also need to support the system of endorsements, (such as peer endorsements, web of trust and surveys), as well as the ledger systems that are holding those claims and providing data integrity and security. Such a claim market and reward system would promote people, institutions and even impact investors to seek out verified impacts. The same could also give people positive incentives for running servers (nodes) in order to validate data in order to mine impact rewards.</p>
<p>Consumers of endorsed claims (organization that need trustworthy data) could include the UNICEF supporting SDGs, carbon offset purchasers, impact investors, loan and insurance providers and so on. Rewards or payment related to such claims also need to support the system of endorsements, (such as peer endorsements, web of trust and surveys), as well as the ledger systems that are holding those claims and providing data integrity and security. Such a claim market and reward system would promote people, institutions and even impact investors to seek out verified impacts. The same could also give people positive incentives for running servers (nodes) in order to validate data in order to mine impact rewards.</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicefinnovationfund.org/portfolio?theme=blockchain">UNICEF</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/cic-indices-for-sdgs">SDGs</a></blockquote>
<p>While Grassroots Economics is working to implement these concepts, the creation of open source frameworks and protocols for claim endorsement and rewards, is a vision held by many people and organizations. We’re proud to join the ranks of inspiring humanitarian organizations like the Red Cross, UNICEF, World Food Program and GIZ who want to enable local resilience and measure and reward impact, as well as technical groups like IXO.world and Regen.network who are building open source application specific systems on Cosmos meant to give humanity the infrastructure we need to solve real problems and live in harmony while navigating a world of claims.</p>
<p>While Grassroots Economics is working to implement these concepts, the creation of open source frameworks and protocols for claim endorsement and rewards, is a vision held by many people and organizations. We’re proud to join the ranks of inspiring humanitarian organizations like the Red Cross, UNICEF, World Food Program and GIZ who want to enable local resilience and measure and reward impact, as well as technical groups like IXO.world and Regen.network who are building open source application specific systems on Cosmos meant to give humanity the infrastructure we need to solve real problems and live in harmony while navigating a world of claims.</p>
<p>While Grassroots Economics is working to implement these concepts, the creation of open source frameworks and protocols for claim endorsement and rewards, is a vision held by many people and organizations. We’re proud to join the ranks of inspiring humanitarian organizations like the Red Cross, UNICEF, World Food Program and GIZ who want to enable local resilience and measure and reward impact, as well as technical groups like IXO.world and Regen.network who are building open source application specific systems on Cosmos meant to give humanity the infrastructure we need to solve real problems and live in harmony while navigating a world of claims.</p>
<p>While Grassroots Economics is working to implement these concepts, the creation of open source frameworks and protocols for claim endorsement and rewards, is a vision held by many people and organizations. We’re proud to join the ranks of inspiring humanitarian organizations like the Red Cross, UNICEF, World Food Program and GIZ who want to enable local resilience and measure and reward impact, as well as technical groups like IXO.world and Regen.network who are building open source application specific systems on Cosmos meant to give humanity the infrastructure we need to solve real problems and live in harmony while navigating a world of claims.</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.ixo.world/">IXO.world</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://www.regen.network/">Regen.network</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://cosmos.network/">Cosmos</a></blockquote>
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<time class="published" datetime="2021-01-07T00:00:00+03:00">
Thu 07 January 2021
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By <a class="url fn" href="./author/will-ruddick.html">Will Ruddick</a>
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<p>Decentralized Exchange (DEX) Contracts contain multitudes. There are nearly infinite ways to use them to connect blockchain contracts (like Community Inclusion Currencies) for different use cases. Using them opens us up decentralized network topologies that we would never have dreamed of with old fashion stock exchanges and other financial instruments. The best part is that they can be used by anyone in the world with access to internet or even just an inexpensive phone using USSD/SMS.</p>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/community-currencies17.webp" />
<p>The basic Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) contract (shown above) is a token that holds a real world claim against redemption of goods and services - such as the harvest created by a group of women managing a communal Food Forest. In 2018 our CIC's were pool tokens that were additionally bonded to a on-chain reserve called Sarafu upon deployment. But connecting a CIC's full supply to be convertible (even on a bonding curve) to a reserve isn't always useful, especially in situations where you want to limit how much of your CIC supply is convertible or join the network after token deployment.</p>
<p>The basic Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) contract (shown above) is a token that holds a real world claim against redemption of goods and services - such as the harvest created by a group of women managing a communal Food Forest. In 2018 our CIC's were pool tokens that were additionally bonded to a on-chain reserve called Sarafu upon deployment. But connecting a CIC's full supply to be convertible (even on a bonding curve) to a reserve isn't always useful, especially in situations where you want to limit how much of your CIC supply is convertible or join the network after token deployment.</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/post/food-forests-and-syntropic-currencies">Food Forest</a></blockquote>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/community-currencies33.webp" />
<p>In that case the open source Bancor DEX contract's liquidity pools can be used as relays (this is actually the most common way to use these contracts). As such a CIC creator or anyone holding a CIC (or any ERC 20 token) can choose to create a relay or liquidity pool (as shown abovce) to any other token on the network, like Sarafu or another CIC (similar to Uniswap but with the ability to create variable strength bonding curves between pooled tokens). With a liquidity pool anyone can choose to create liquidity (conversion to other tokens) - but with an intrinsic reserve (as we used to have) only the token creator can decide and generally that means 100% of our token supply will be liquid in that one way chosen upon deployment.</p>
<p>In that case the open source Bancor DEX contract's liquidity pools can be used as relays (this is actually the most common way to use these contracts). As such a CIC creator or anyone holding a CIC (or any ERC 20 token) can choose to create a relay or liquidity pool (as shown abovce) to any other token on the network, like Sarafu or another CIC (similar to Uniswap but with the ability to create variable strength bonding curves between pooled tokens). With a liquidity pool anyone can choose to create liquidity (conversion to other tokens) - but with an intrinsic reserve (as we used to have) only the token creator can decide and generally that means 100% of our token supply will be liquid in that one way chosen upon deployment.</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/bancorprotocol/contracts-solidity">Bancor DEX contract's liquidity pools</a></blockquote>
<p>A network token like Sarafu can still be used to connect to many different tokens - but it isn't needed upon CIC contract deployment. Below shows how Sarafu itself is issued as a kind of basic income token and also serves as a bootstrap network token.</p>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/community-currencies56.webp" />
<p>Hence a chama (women's group) or even a restaurant can create a CIC as a voucher for their future production of goods and services with proof of redemption commitment in physical contract with local authorities - then choose to take a limited amount of their CIC supply and place it in a liquidity pool along with Sarafu and/or some other token(s) such as ETH. This gives the CIC issuer the ability to choose if, when and how much they want to connect to other tokens or a whole network of tokens.</p>
<blockquote>
<strong>Hence a chama (women's group) or even a restaurant can create a CIC as a voucher for their future production of goods and services with proof of redemption commitment in physical contract with local authorities - then choose to take a limited amount of their CIC supply and place it in a liquidity pool along with Sarafu and/or some other token(s) such as ETH. This gives the CIC issuer the ability to choose if, when and how much they want to connect to other tokens or a whole network of tokens.</strong></blockquote>
<p>Hence a chama (women's group) or even a restaurant can create a CIC as a voucher for their future production of goods and services with proof of redemption commitment in physical contract with local authorities - then choose to take a limited amount of their CIC supply and place it in a liquidity pool along with Sarafu and/or some other token(s) such as ETH. This gives the CIC issuer the ability to choose if, when and how much they want to connect to other tokens or a whole network of tokens.</p>
<p>Given public infrastructure, this means we have a way of creating a currency as claims against redemption in goods and services and on-board those tokens when their community wants to into a connected network of Community Inclusion Currencies. These CIC holding users in such networks can provide proof of identity and various SDG impacts to direct humanitarian aid as below.</p>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/community-currencies83.webp" />
<p>Note that this network topology potentially gives humanitarian organizations the ability to directly create and support liquidity pools as well - creating limited conduits for exchange between aid funds (used to purchase ETH for instance) and CICs..</p>
<p>While our work is focused on specific use cases of this technology in vulnerable populations, Grassroots Economics is a non-profit foundation seeking to connect organizations and groups to the ability to create and manage their own medium of exchange with the option of joining into larger networks to create communities of currencies. All our systems are built on an open source tech stack with interchangeable blockchains, modules and interfaces. We hope this open software design paired with the power of DEX liquidity pools are the building blocks of an emergent decentralized economy.</p>
<p>We hope this open software design paired with the power of DEX liquidity pools are the building blocks of an emergent decentralized economy.</p>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/community-currencies105.webp" />
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<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Click for recording. (not exactly what was recorded - but close enough)</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">Click for recording.</a> ` &lt;<a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g</a>&gt;`_</dd>
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<p>Click for recording. (not exactly what was recorded - but close enough)</p>
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<a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">Click for recording.</a> ` &lt;<a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g">https://youtu.be/BiArnG8jv9g</a>&gt;`_</blockquote>
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<p>This song is called Emma’s Duka, and it's about Emma, and the</p>
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<dt>Duka where you could shop for all kinds of stuff, like peanuts, but Emma’s Duka is not the name of the duka, that's just the name of the song, and that's why I called the song Emma’s Duka.</dt>
<dd><em>You can trade with anything you want at Emma’s Duka (E - A - E -B7)</em>
<p>Duka where you could shop for all kinds of stuff, like peanuts, but Emma’s Duka is not the name of the duka, that's just the name of the song, and that's why I called the song Emma’s Duka.</p>
<blockquote>
<em>You can trade with anything you want at Emma’s Duka (E - A - E -B7)</em>
<em>You can trade with anything you want at Emma’s Duka (E - A - E -B7)</em>
<em>Walk right in, it’s around the back (E - E7)</em>
<em>Just a half a mile from the railroad track (E - A)</em>
<em>You can trade with anything you want at Emma’s Duka (E - A - E -B7)</em></dd>
</dl>
<em>You can trade with anything you want at Emma’s Duka (E - A - E -B7)</em></blockquote>
<p>Now it started a few years back, when I went with a friend to visit Emma. And while we were talking to Emma she had a customer come up, his name was Alfred and he didn’t have a shilling on him. Instead of turning him away she wrote his name down on a little paper and the price of the peanuts and told him he could pay her later by repairing her shoes.</p>
<p>That seemed like a great idea and we figured we could just print up a bunch of those IOUs as vouchers for the whole community so they could still trade their goods and services when they didn’t have Kenyan shillings.</p>
<p>and that’s what we did and proceeded to give out ten of these paper vouchers worth about 400 Kenyan Shillings of goods and services to everyone in the village - to spend and accept back up with their own goods and services just like Emma did.</p>
@ -192,31 +190,29 @@
<p>With feeling.</p>
<p>Folks, if you want to change the economic system you gotta sing loud.</p>
<p>So we'll wait for it to come around on the guitar, here and...</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Sing it when it does. Here it comes...</dt>
<dd><em>You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka</em>
<p>Sing it when it does. Here it comes...</p>
<blockquote>
<em>You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka</em>
<em>You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka</em>
<em>Walk right in, it's around the back</em>
<em>Just a half a mile from the railroad track</em>
<em>You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka</em></dd>
</dl>
<em>You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka</em></blockquote>
<p>Folks, That was horrible.</p>
<p>I've been singing this song now for twenty five minutes. I could sing it</p>
<p>For another twenty five minutes. I'm not proud... or tired.</p>
<p>So we'll wait till it comes around again, and this time with four part</p>
<p>Harmony and feeling.</p>
<p>We're just waitin' for it to come around is what we're doing….</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>All right now….</dt>
<dd><em>You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka</em>
<p>All right now….</p>
<blockquote>
<em>You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka</em>
<em>Excepting Emma</em>
<em>You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka</em>
<em>Walk right in, it's around the back</em>
<em>Just a half a mile from the railroad track</em>
<em>You can trade with anything you want, at Emma’s Duka</em>
<em>Da da da da da da da daaaa</em>
<em>At Emma’s … Dukaaaa</em></dd>
</dl>
<em>At Emma’s … Dukaaaa</em></blockquote>
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<p>Due to economic instability, many people in the marginalized communities are short of money to pay for church offerings or even worse, to set up their local churches. Local churches that have begun to develop their own community currencies (Sarafu) in order to developed their church structures and pay offerings and even meet their basic needs. Sarafu has created a stable medium of exchange allowing them to support one another as individuals and also their church at large. Below are some of the examples:</p>
<p>AMK CHURCH</p>
<p>The church (pictured above) is located in Mkanyeni village, Mtaa location, Bofu Sub-location in Kasemeni ward, Kwale County. It was started way back in 1990. The church was founded by Pastor Dzeha Nyanje as the community did not have any place of worship around by then. Being that they could not afford the construction money, the congregation resorted to worshiping under a tree every Sunday. In the year 2000, through the leadership of Pastor Dzeha Nyanje,the church decided to put up a temporary structure using mud.</p>
<blockquote>
“The tree that provided us with the shade dried up and fell down and that's when we decided to build a temporary structure” Dzeha explains.</blockquote>
<p>At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Mkanyeni community was among the numerous communities that were empowered by Sarafu to build their own prospering economies. Pastor Dzeha Nyanye was one of the people that was trained on how to use the Community Inclusion Currency -a blockchain based voucher used to trade among community members when the national currency is scarce. Dzeha who is also a shopkeeper explains how Sarafu has impacted his community positively,</p>
<blockquote>
<em>”Sarafu has been a safe way of trade even during the pandemic since I no longer need to carry cash, it has also created job opportunities in my community since the youths and even those without businesses or jobs can now offer services to those registered in Sarafu and earn an income. My sales have also increased as the users that could not have afforded a product from my shop due to lack of the national currency, can now use Sarafu to top up the little they have and get a product from me. I have created a network in my community and I'm also able to get other products that I don’t have in my shop from other users in my network.”</em></blockquote>
<p>It is during this time that Dzeha saw an opportunity to develop his church. He quickly shared this concept with his congregation and they equally liked and received the concept well. They were happy and optimistic about building their church through Sarafu. They contributed Sarafu jointly and bought the building materials like sand, cement. metals, water and stones. They were able to pay the people that would work on the site in Sarafu and those people with Sarafu could pay tithings and local goods and services from the congregation. Their church is not yet done but they are grateful that Sarafu was introduced in their community. They are hoping to complete their roofing soon.”We are grateful to Sarafu because through it, my community got empowered and as a church in particular, we've made tremendous developments.” Said Elizabeth Chari, one of the church members.</p>
<blockquote>
<em>It is during this time that Dzeha saw an opportunity to develop his church. He quickly shared this concept with his congregation and they equally liked and received the concept well. They were happy and optimistic about building their church through Sarafu. They contributed Sarafu jointly and bought the building materials like sand, cement. metals, water and stones. They were able to pay the people that would work on the site in Sarafu and those people with Sarafu could pay tithings and local goods and services from the congregation. Their church is not yet done but they are grateful that Sarafu was introduced in their community. They are hoping to complete their roofing soon.”We are grateful to Sarafu because through it, my community got empowered and as a church in particular, we've made tremendous developments.” Said Elizabeth Chari, one of the church members.</em></blockquote>
<p>It is during this time that Dzeha saw an opportunity to develop his church. He quickly shared this concept with his congregation and they equally liked and received the concept well. They were happy and optimistic about building their church through Sarafu. They contributed Sarafu jointly and bought the building materials like sand, cement. metals, water and stones. They were able to pay the people that would work on the site in Sarafu and those people with Sarafu could pay tithings and local goods and services from the congregation. Their church is not yet done but they are grateful that Sarafu was introduced in their community. They are hoping to complete their roofing soon.”We are grateful to Sarafu because through it, my community got empowered and as a church in particular, we've made tremendous developments.” Said Elizabeth Chari, one of the church members.</p>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/faith-based80.webp" />
<p>AMK church’s new permanent construction.</p>
<p>A congregation that consists of 48 members are now able to worship in a conducive environment. They are glad that they can now easily give in their church offerings every Sunday using Sarafu as this was initially a challenge since the national currency was scarce. Being that they worship together, they’ve formed a sustainable economy and network where they support each other by exchanging goods and services using Sarafu during their normal days. They are therefore growing their local economy as well as receiving basic needs like food, water, transportation among other needs.</p>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/faith-based113.webp" />
<p>ST. REGINA SEGERE LEGIO MARIA</p>
<p>The church is located in Ouru village, Alego Usonga Constituency in Siaya County. The church was started in 1973. The church has a congregation of around 50 members pictured above. Apart from worshiping and praying together, they support the youths, orphans, widows, the physically challenged and the mentally challenged persons within their community. They’ve been using part of their tithes and offerings to run this course. They’ve also been mobilizing well wishers to attend harambes (community support offerings) after which they would use the funds raised to cater for the needs of the school going orphans under their custody.</p>
<p>When Emmaculate Onyango, one of the founders of Bangla-Pesa visited the church and enlightened them on the importance of the Community Inclusion Currencies (CICs), the church embraced the concept and created time for training. They grasped every aspect of how it works and 40 of them were then registered to the system. This group has been able to play a major role in their community as they’ve also registered other members within their local markets hence creating a big sustainable network of trade. Above you can see the church members buying locally made candles in Sarafu.</p>
<p>They were lucky enough to also get empowered and trained on Syntropic Agroforestry through the Shamba ya Jamii program -a regenerative agriculture technique that provides a long term food forests. They’ve then started up their farm that they run and maintain using Sarafu. They’ve been able to source for local farm inputs and seeds and also pay labourers who work on their farms daily using Sarafu. Their farm is doing well and they are hopeful that in two weeks time, they will have their first harvest of vegetables.</p>
<p>Speaking to Christabell- a selfless hardworking lady in her mid twenties, she gladly explains how great Sarafu has improved their livelihood, &quot;It was hard feeding the big number of the vulnerable persons that we have under our care since the offerings that we use for the same weren't enough or rather sustainable. Since we started using Sarafu, the burden is lighter. We are able to source food from the nearby market since we also registered them in Sarafu. The youths are also empowered and can now offer services to different users and get paid in Sarafu. We receive more offerings than before and we use the same to cater for basic needs. We are also working hard in our farms and we are looking forward to good harvest that we will also sell in Sarafu”</p>
<blockquote>
<em>Speaking to Christabell- a selfless hardworking lady in her mid twenties, she gladly explains how great Sarafu has improved their livelihood, &quot;It was hard feeding the big number of the vulnerable persons that we have under our care since the offerings that we use for the same weren't enough or rather sustainable. Since we started using Sarafu, the burden is lighter. We are able to source food from the nearby market since we also registered them in Sarafu. The youths are also empowered and can now offer services to different users and get paid in Sarafu. We receive more offerings than before and we use the same to cater for basic needs. We are also working hard in our farms and we are looking forward to good harvest that we will also sell in Sarafu”</em></blockquote>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/faith-based164.webp" />
<p>Church members working on their farm.</p>
<img alt="" src="images/blog/faith-based190.webp" />
<p>Pastors Network Nairobi</p>
<p>This is a group of around 36 members from different denominations within the 30 counties out of the 47 counties in Kenya who came up with a vision to develop local churches, teach the good news, support the vulnerable persons in their community and reach out to the elderly within their communities. They usually contribute from their pockets to run their course. They have been experiencing financial challenges as sometimes they also lack the money to give into the kitty.</p>
<p>When Sarafu was introduced to their community, they felt that the concept would help them fill the gaps in their quest to support the vulnerable households in their different communities. They were trained on how to use the Community Inclusion Currencies(CIC) after which they were registered. They joined the many other communities that have been empowered to prosper their own economies. They were able to get basic needs through exchanging goods and services in Sarafu. The pastor Network Group joined hands and registered all the people under their course. “Since we started using Sarafu, I have never slept hungry as I can easily get food from my network. Before Sarafu, I could only manage to get one meal a day. I’m looking forward to making my network bigger to help me get more products. We also use Sarafu in our churches to pay tithes and offerings.” Said Mary, the group's treasurer. Members of Pastors Network (pictured above) group ready to visit a number of vulnerable households.</p>
<blockquote>
<em>When Sarafu was introduced to their community, they felt that the concept would help them fill the gaps in their quest to support the vulnerable households in their different communities. They were trained on how to use the Community Inclusion Currencies(CIC) after which they were registered. They joined the many other communities that have been empowered to prosper their own economies. They were able to get basic needs through exchanging goods and services in Sarafu. The pastor Network Group joined hands and registered all the people under their course. “Since we started using Sarafu, I have never slept hungry as I can easily get food from my network. Before Sarafu, I could only manage to get one meal a day. I’m looking forward to making my network bigger to help me get more products. We also use Sarafu in our churches to pay tithes and offerings.” Said Mary, the group's treasurer. Members of Pastors Network (pictured above) group ready to visit a number of vulnerable households.</em></blockquote>
<p>When Sarafu was introduced to their community, they felt that the concept would help them fill the gaps in their quest to support the vulnerable households in their different communities. They were trained on how to use the Community Inclusion Currencies(CIC) after which they were registered. They joined the many other communities that have been empowered to prosper their own economies. They were able to get basic needs through exchanging goods and services in Sarafu. The pastor Network Group joined hands and registered all the people under their course. “Since we started using Sarafu, I have never slept hungry as I can easily get food from my network. Before Sarafu, I could only manage to get one meal a day. I’m looking forward to making my network bigger to help me get more products. We also use Sarafu in our churches to pay tithes and offerings.” Said Mary, the group's treasurer. Members of Pastors Network (pictured above) group ready to visit a number of vulnerable households.</p>
<blockquote>
<em>When Sarafu was introduced to their community, they felt that the concept would help them fill the gaps in their quest to support the vulnerable households in their different communities. They were trained on how to use the Community Inclusion Currencies(CIC) after which they were registered. They joined the many other communities that have been empowered to prosper their own economies. They were able to get basic needs through exchanging goods and services in Sarafu. The pastor Network Group joined hands and registered all the people under their course. “Since we started using Sarafu, I have never slept hungry as I can easily get food from my network. Before Sarafu, I could only manage to get one meal a day. I’m looking forward to making my network bigger to help me get more products. We also use Sarafu in our churches to pay tithes and offerings.” Said Mary, the group's treasurer. Members of Pastors Network (pictured above) group ready to visit a number of vulnerable households.</em></blockquote>
<p>When Sarafu was introduced to their community, they felt that the concept would help them fill the gaps in their quest to support the vulnerable households in their different communities. They were trained on how to use the Community Inclusion Currencies(CIC) after which they were registered. They joined the many other communities that have been empowered to prosper their own economies. They were able to get basic needs through exchanging goods and services in Sarafu. The pastor Network Group joined hands and registered all the people under their course. “Since we started using Sarafu, I have never slept hungry as I can easily get food from my network. Before Sarafu, I could only manage to get one meal a day. I’m looking forward to making my network bigger to help me get more products. We also use Sarafu in our churches to pay tithes and offerings.” Said Mary, the group's treasurer. Members of Pastors Network (pictured above) group ready to visit a number of vulnerable households.</p>
<p>The vulnerable people that they take care of have since been able to buy food, water and pay for their transportation using Sarafu. The burden is now lighter to the group as they only provide other needs like education and medical needs to them. They are planning to start up projects -bee keeping and farming that they will run and maintain using Sarafu. The main goal of the projects is to get more funds to help the vulnerable people and to create job opportunities within their communities.</p>
<p>We continue to drum up the importance of communities building their own economies through using the Community Inclusion Currencies that would hence enable them to exchange goods and services and maintain and run projects and businesses without waiting on the national currency that is mostly scarce especially in the marginalized communities. The churches are therefore not left behind as they are enabled to run their activities and support different peoples under their care through the use of Sarafu.</p>
<p>Written by:</p>
<p>Otieno Akinyi Janet</p>
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<p>When I was 9 years old, my mother came home one day with a monopoly board game. It was the beginning of the March holidays and she wanted to provide us with an alternative activity to watching cartoons. Every day after that, my brother and I would insistently play game after game; holding on to our colourful money as if our future depended on it. Like all children, we eventually lost interest in the game. However, the colorful currency notes then became our most valuable asset. We used it as a means of exchange to incentivize each other to do each other's chores, as a rental fee to play with shared toys and even for buying candy off each other. We lived in the middle of rural Kenya, with almost no neighbours or shops, we therefore had no access to national currency. We clearly understood however, that currency (even play money) is merely a medium of exchange; with its value being determined by the users; namely us.</p>
<p>Sarafu the pioneering Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) in Kenya, is not so different from the monopoly money my sibling and I used all those years ago. Vulnerable households and communities have no access to credit due to a cycle of poverty that has systematically excluded them from the economy. “Hand a man a fish, he eats for the day, teach him to fish, and he can eat for a lifetime” CIC aims to include the untapped markets who desperately need goods and services yet lack the capacity to pay for them. By including them in the economy, not only do they become empowered, they are given an opportunity to actively participate in value creation and change their lives. The work of Grassroots Economics has not gotten the attention it deserves from national and regional governments as well as partners in finance and technology spaces. I seek to put an end to that and make sure that field tested best practices and open source technology spread wide and far to heal our society and planet.</p>
<p>When I was studying Fintech disruptions in traditional finance systems at Oxford, I decided to start my course by asking the question, ‘How does money affect social order and why is money necessary at all’. CICs are seen as radical reforms to broken systems, they are however, a proven working alternative that is demonstrating a major impact on the power distribution in the local economy. I am eager to measure the impact and get firsthand grassroot evidence on its successes and failures. With a long term multiplier effect of more than 21 times traditional donor aid assistance, this intervention seems to do what donor aid has failed to in the past, create self sufficiency and self reliance. Most importantly we need all hands on deck focused on education and regenerative agriculture programs across the planet and we need a financial system to finance this, create sustainable economies and fair distribution of our common resources.</p>
<p>In 2015, I attended a KIICO conference on trade and development. My angle, to understand the Kenyan economy and the government policies in place to promote technology in Finance. I carried a journal with me, a notepad that I scribbled names in that I should research later. Grassroots Economics was on that list, along with other NGOs and organizations that were on a difficult mission to create a circular economy. In 2020, after five years of working in the humanitarian space, I met Will Ruddick, adamant on wealth redistribution and regenerative economics and began advising the organization.</p>
<p>It is an honor to work as a Director along with Will and the Grassroots Economics team in their endeavor to rebalance the inequalities existing in our current economy and empower those who are most in need. To tackle today’s challenges, we need not only new solutions, but new methods at arriving at solutions. Data and data science will be at the forefront at meeting these challenges and to social innovation, humanitarian aid and international development.</p>
<blockquote>
<em>Shaila is an ocean loving global citizen trained in disruptive Financial systems, she has a keen interest in transformative agriculture and conservation. Her love for science and children led her to create a beginner science lab kit that she aims to launch in primary schools countrywide alongside an activity booklet called “The science of life”. She has held various roles in International organizations and private organizations from business development to analyst roles, all of which revolved around developing alternative financial systems and sustainability. You can find out more information about her here.</em>
<em>Shaila is an ocean loving global citizen trained in disruptive Financial systems, she has a keen interest in transformative agriculture and conservation. Her love for science and children led her to create a beginner science lab kit that she aims to launch in primary schools countrywide alongside an activity booklet called “The science of life”. She has held various roles in International organizations and private organizations from business development to analyst roles, all of which revolved around developing alternative financial systems and sustainability. You can find out more information about her here.</em>
<a class="reference external" href="https://ke.linkedin.com/in/shailaa">here</a></blockquote>
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<p>To be perfectly honest, which isn’t necessarily considered a virtue in the blockchain space, Grassroots Economics is my absolute favorite community currency project on the face of the earth and I couldn’t be more excited to join as an advisor. Some people might not know that there are thousands of community and complementary currencies out there. As a money-alternatives activist, cypherpunk, and digital democracy expert, I have the opportunity to speak to and advise quite a few community currency projects—but Grassroots Economics has a special place in my heart so it’s with great joy that I accepted Will &amp; Shaila’s invitation to join the board.</p>
<p>For those who aren’t familiar with my work, you can find more about me on LinkedIn and on my Odysee channels. I host a regular open weekly meeting on these topics and teach a workshop on rethinking our financial and governmental systems. My place in the industry is somewhat of a contrarian. I maintain a long memory of unsuccessful startups, failed cryptocurrency projects, and ideas that didn’t hold up in the real world. Founders love talking to me because I can point to flaws in their thinking, connect them with people who’ve tried similar thing, and give them examples of what has and hasn’t worked in their industry.
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/rebeccarachmany/">LinkedIn</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://odysee.com/&#64;SufficiencyCurrency:7/MoneyIsSoLastCentury:a">Odysee</a></p>
<p>For those who aren’t familiar with my work, you can find more about me on LinkedIn and on my Odysee channels. I host a regular open weekly meeting on these topics and teach a workshop on rethinking our financial and governmental systems. My place in the industry is somewhat of a contrarian. I maintain a long memory of unsuccessful startups, failed cryptocurrency projects, and ideas that didn’t hold up in the real world. Founders love talking to me because I can point to flaws in their thinking, connect them with people who’ve tried similar thing, and give them examples of what has and hasn’t worked in their industry.</p>
<p>For those who aren’t familiar with my work, you can find more about me on LinkedIn and on my Odysee channels. I host a regular open weekly meeting on these topics and teach a workshop on rethinking our financial and governmental systems. My place in the industry is somewhat of a contrarian. I maintain a long memory of unsuccessful startups, failed cryptocurrency projects, and ideas that didn’t hold up in the real world. Founders love talking to me because I can point to flaws in their thinking, connect them with people who’ve tried similar thing, and give them examples of what has and hasn’t worked in their industry.</p>
<p>For those who aren’t familiar with my work, you can find more about me on LinkedIn and on my Odysee channels. I host a regular open weekly meeting on these topics and teach a workshop on rethinking our financial and governmental systems. My place in the industry is somewhat of a contrarian. I maintain a long memory of unsuccessful startups, failed cryptocurrency projects, and ideas that didn’t hold up in the real world. Founders love talking to me because I can point to flaws in their thinking, connect them with people who’ve tried similar thing, and give them examples of what has and hasn’t worked in their industry.</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/rebeccarachmany/">LinkedIn</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://odysee.com/&#64;SufficiencyCurrency:7/MoneyIsSoLastCentury:a">Odysee</a></blockquote>
<p>What I can’t do is point to a lot of long-term success stories.</p>
<p>That’s what I love about GRE. Say what you want, but Grassroots Economics has run successful deployment after successful deployment. The team applies what works from each project to the next project. They change the underlying tech when they find something better. I’ve never seen such a fast-moving and flexible team or such brilliance at execution, year after year. What I love about Grassroots Economics is that it’s never about what the (genius) founder thinks. It’s always about what works and what doesn’t work on the ground.</p>
<p>That’s why GRE has tens of thousands of users and other projects fade after months or years. That’s why even I can’t maintain my contrarian attitude in conversation with Shaila, Will and their team. They aren’t working in a laboratory—they are on the ground, making a profound difference in the places that need it most—not flying around to conferences, talking about banking the unbanked, making fancy presentations or speculating on the future price of their tokens. There’s only one thing that matters at Grassroots Economics: creating currencies that improve the economic situation of the people who use them.</p>

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