401 lines
25 KiB
HTML
401 lines
25 KiB
HTML
{% extends "base.html" %}
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{% block head %}
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{{ super() }}
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{SITEURL}}/theme/css/research.css">
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<script src="{{SITEURL}}/theme/js/research-js.js"></script>
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{% endblock %}
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{% block content %}
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<div class="container-fluid">
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<div class="re-img-container">
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<img class="img-fluid re-img" src="{{SITEURL}}/theme/images/research-imgs/research-img1.webp">
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<h1 class="research-heading">Research</h1>
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</div>
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<div class="container research-container pt-5 pb-5">
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<div class="re-center-this">
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<p>We do regular monitoring and evaluation on the impact of our programs and collaborate with researchers
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from around the world. Data is collected through digital (blockchain-based) transaction data, journals
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and surveys of people using and not using Community Currencies.</p>
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<p>Data definitions can be found <a class="re-link"
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href="https://gitlab.com/grassrootseconomics/cic-docs/-/blob/master/TransactionDatasets.md">here</a>
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and datasets can be downloaded below.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-center re-dataset-buttons">
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<a class="dataset-download" href="{{SITEURL}}/theme/datasets/POA_sarafu_tx_and_users_all_pub_2018-201.zip"
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download="POA_sarafu_tx_and_users-2018">2018-2019 POA Blockchain Data</a>
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<a class="dataset-download" href="{{SITEURL}}/theme/datasets/Sarafu_xdai_data_July_13_2021.zip"
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download="POA_sarafu_tx_and_users-2018">2020-July 13 2021 DAI Blockchain Data</a>
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</div>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-center pb-5 re-inline-buttons">
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<a class="re-buttons" href="#">Published Research Papers</a>
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<a class="re-buttons" href="https://play.grassecon.org/">Demo CIC Creation</a>
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<a class="re-buttons" href="https://dashboard.sarafu.network/">CIC Data Dashboard</a>
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<a class="re-buttons" href="https://gitlab.com/grassrootseconomics/cic-docs">White paper&docs&code</a>
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</div>
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<div class="blue-section pt-5 pb-5">
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<div class="list-section">
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<ul>
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<li>Design</li>
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<ul>
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<li>What do communities need to unlock and direct their collective capacity?</li>
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<ul>
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<li>What does a post scarcity society look like?</li>
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<li>How can variations on currency design support community abundance and harmony with their
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environment and other communities?
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</li>
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<li>Ideology and ethics - Why develop a community currency? (For each part of the
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infrastructure and various implementers.)
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</li>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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<li>Development</li>
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<ul>
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<li>How can community currencies and their infrastructure be developed and managed?</li>
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<li>How are communities fully empowered and sovereign in their choices?</li>
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<li>What regulatory frameworks can be used?</li>
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<li>How to achieve institutional integration - Humanitarian orgs, chamas (community groups),
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schools, shops, govt. Financial Institution, Faith based organizations, etc
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</li>
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<li>Network visualization and analytics that help understand, react to and manage CIC systems
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</li>
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<ul>
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<li>Predictive and Agent based modelling</li>
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</ul>
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<li>How can people and institutions outside of a community interact with the local community?
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Aid distribution - redistribute taxes? (voting, algo, etc) ... Also in what medium: Capacity
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building, in-kind, cash, stable tokens, etc
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</li>
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</ul>
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<li>Understanding:</li>
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<ul>
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<li>What are the impacts from pilots and trials? - short and long term effects of such programs
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like <a class="re-link" href="{{SITEURL}}/pages/sarafu-network.html">Sarafu Network.</a>
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</li>
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<li>What characteristics cause community currencies of different designs and communities to have
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different impacts?
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</li>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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<div class="re-center-this">
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<p><a class="re-link" href="{{SITEURL}}/pages/contact-us.html">We love to get feedback and link to
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studies!</a></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="crisis-response">
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<div class="d-flex">
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<div class="me-auto">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Sarafu - User Phone Survey and Analysis 2021</p>
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<a class="re-small-font-link"
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href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_0bade9a305f84675917a527c59a7de54.pdf">60
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Decibels</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="abstract pt-5">
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<p class="re-small-font">Abstract:</p>
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<p class="re-small-font">325 Sarafu users in Kenya were sampled out of Frequent, Infrequent and
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non-trading registered. The survey and analysis found, among many things, that 44% of users were
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using Sarafu to buy household items and 41% used Sarafu specifically to access food. Strikingly the
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study found that 99% of users had no alternative to an alternative to Sarafu for trading with others
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when national currency was scarce.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="crisis-response">
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<div class="d-flex">
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<div class="me-auto">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Sarafu - CIC 2020-2021 Data Published</p>
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<p><a class="re-small-font-link" href="https://reshare.ukdataservice.ac.uk/855142/">Anonymous
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transaction and meta data on Sarafu usage</a></p>
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<p class="re-small-font">William O. Ruddick</p>
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<p class="re-small-font">Criscone, Teodoro</p>
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<p class="re-small-font">Mattsson, C.E.S</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="abstract pt-5">
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<p class="re-small-font">Abstract:</p>
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<p class="re-small-font">We describe a dataset of account information and transaction records for a
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digital community currency in Kenya. One unit of “Sarafu” is roughly equivalent in value to a Kenyan
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shilling. The Sarafu system has existed since 2010 and began operating digitally via USSD
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feature-code cellular technology in 2017. This dataset includes pseudonymized account information
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for around 55,000 users and records of all Sarafu transactions conducted from 25/01/2020 to
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15/06/2021. User transactions capture various economic and financial activities such as purchases,
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transfers, and participation in savings and lending groups. So-called "chamas" are key to the
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operation of the Sarafu system and clearly labeled in the data. This dataset will contribute to
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research on the operation of community currencies, monetary systems, and economic networks in
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underdeveloped areas. The observation period includes the first year of the coronavirus pandemic and
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several documented pilot projects and development interventions.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="crisis-response">
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<div class="d-flex">
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<div class="me-auto">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Community Currencies as Crisis Response</p>
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<p class="re-small-font">Results from a Randomized Control Trial in Kenya</p>
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<p class="re-small-font">2021 Rebecca Mqamelo</p>
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<a class="re-link"
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href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/2fc0ed_224126ea289648fba1d0c1e0ca8b406d.pdf">(download
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pdf)</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="abstract pt-5">
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<p class="re-small-font">Abstract:</p>
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<p class="re-small-font">In 2020, Grassroots Economics’ Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) model was
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adopted by the Kenya Red
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Cross as a humanitarian response to the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper presents the results of what
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may be the world’s first randomized control trial in this area. Unlike most cash transfer programs,
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recipients are sent cryptocurrencies rather than cash or mobile money, enabling an unprecedented
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level of impact evaluation. Results show that CIC transfers of $30 are associated with $93.51
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increase in beneficiaries’ wallet balance, a $23.17 increase in monthly income, a $16.30 increase in
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monthly spending, a $6.31 increase in average trade size and a $28.43 increase in expenditure on
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food and water. However, the difference in treatment effects for males versus females suggests
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gender imbalances persist. This study serves as an important prototype for cash transfer models that
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keep money flowing locally and support bottom-up economic resilience.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="re-articles">
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Red Cross Mukuru Kayaba Rapid Survey Analysis May 2020</p>
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<p class="bold-font">CIC: Mukuru Kayaba Rapid Survey Analysis - brief.</p>
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<p>Date of analysis:25th to 30th May 2020<br>
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Area of survey: Mukuru Kayaba (Pop. 83,000) (Pop of Sarafu users 4000)<br>
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Number of respondent: Female 391, Male 228 Total: 619<br>
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Goal: To understand the impact of Sarafu and give qualitative understanding of the statistics for
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users.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="" class="click-here">Click here</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Proof of Impact: Blockchain Community Currencies in Action</p>
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<p>Galia Benartzi and Rebecca Mqamelo. 2019.</p>
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<p> This working paper looks at how the blockchain-based Sarafu Network addresses liquidity problems
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commonly associated with community currency systems and provides case studies on how the Sarafu
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Network has impacted the lives of participants.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/2fc0ed_89375097898f445bb976f303f5b8ee01.pdf"
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class="click-here">Click here</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">A relational analysis of sarafu network: emergence of a monetary
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ecosystem for the prosperity of the communities</p>
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<p>Master Course. University of Torino. Sowelu Elios Avanzo</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_779f4c3588ea445e932a29861dff071d.pdf"
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class="click-here">Click here</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Economic advantages of community currencies</p>
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<p>Seminar Paper. Sarah Zeller</p>
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<p> Community currencies are used all over the world, but only sometimes economically ad- vantageous. We
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introduce liquidity to the debate as a new explanation of success. After developing a working
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hypothesis, we use two case studies to test it. We find community currencies are only economically
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advantageous in an environment of insufficient liquidity.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_ce2893a58e2c45f3b7d0312fa5993bae.pdf"
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class="click-here">Click here</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Trade facilitation and community development in the age of blockchain
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& DLT</p>
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<p> The starting point of this report was a research study on behalf of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für
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Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH who is a global service provider in the field of
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international cooperation for sustainable development. The task was to investigate community
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currency projects in low-resource environments.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_afe4416db6194119b97c8d12131b8e20.pdf"
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class="click-here">Click here</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">DANIDA awarded 9 million DKK for research on Community Currencies</p>
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<p> DANIDA (Denmark's development cooperation, an area of activity under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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of Denmark) recently awarded 8,9 millions DKK for the project Community Currencies: Grassroots
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Financial Innovations for Inclusive Economic Growth to professor <a class="re-link"
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href="https://www.cbs.dk/en/research/departments-and-centres/department-of-management-politics-and-philosophy/staff/ebmpp">Ester
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Barinaga, MPP and Lund University</a>. During the coming 4 years, the project is to look at the
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governance practices, impact
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and diffusion strategies of the Kenyan community currencies in Mombasa and Nairobi, as well as to
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introduce three community currencies in Kisumu.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://www.cbs.dk/en/research/departments-and-centres/department-of-management-politics-and-philosophy/news/ester-barinaga-mpp-receives-research-grant-from-danida"
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class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Voucher Systems for Food Security A Case Study on Kenya’s
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Sarafu-Credit</p>
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<p> Marion Cauvet. 2018<br>
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M.Sc. Agricultural Development, University of Copenhagen</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_ba8967bf866b4504b1f537f8a070369b.pdf"
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class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Community Currency Programmes as a Tool for the Sustainable
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Development of Informal Settlements: The Case of Mombasa and Nairobi County, Kenya</p>
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<p> Daan Sillen. 2017<br>
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M.Sc. Public Policy and Human Development United Nations University and Maastritcht University.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_0010d1f00406429e9fb24110676d3270.pdf"
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class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">The case of Sarafu-credits: Examining how a community currency can
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contribute to sustainable livelihood in informal settlements
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</p>
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<p> Hannes Anagrius. 2017<br>
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M.Sc in resilience and sustainability science at Stockholm Resilience Centre in Sweden.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_1f240a775592407db1ae43a0d19a4a96.pdf"
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class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Community Currencies in a Development Context, The case of the
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Sarafu-Credit in Kenya
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</p>
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<p> Thibaud Dezyn 2017<br>
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Masters in Cultural Anthropology, University of Leuven, Belgium.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_d5211f4f078f4c1d8a76a2ddbf529715.pdf"
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class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
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||
</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Challenges of Collective Organization and Institution Building around
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Community Currencies in Kenyan Slums
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</p>
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<p> Dissaux, T., Ruddick, W. 2017<br>
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Paper prepared for the 4th International Conference on Social and Complementary Currencies in
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Barcelona, Spain.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_587aac7d67c24846a1fe747c036d4db8.pdf"
|
||
class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
|
||
</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">The Role of Complementary Currency in Promoting Business Growth in an
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Informal Economy: Case of Bangla-Pesa
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</p>
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<p> Roselyne M. Omanga. 2016<br>
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Masters of Executive Business Administration, Strathmore University, Kenya.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_b5e8f3e229a244f3b349fda962e1f1c7.pdf"
|
||
class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Relationship between Community Currencies and Nutritional Intake of
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Household in Kibera Kenya
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</p>
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<p> Sharlene Mbula Mule. 2016<br>
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Degree of Bachelor in Science in Food Nutrition and Dietetics. University of Nairobi.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://1fce7114-8e4a-43c5-bcbd-d2b877364fde.filesusr.com/ugd/ce30dd_154ecd3a318e400dbec5a01babb404e6.pdf"
|
||
class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
|
||
</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Trust and Spending of Community Currencies in Kenya
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</p>
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<p> Ruddick, W. 2015<br>
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Paper prepared for the 3rd International Conference on Social and Complementary Currencies in
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Salvador, Brazil.</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://socialcurrency.sciencesconf.org/conference/socialcurrency/pages/Trust_and_Spending_of_Community_RUDDICK.pdf"
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class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Re-imagining Money to Broaden the Future of Development Finance: What
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Kenyan Community Currencies Reveal is Possible for Financing Development
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</p>
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<p> Bendell, J., Slater, M., Ruddick, W. 2015<br>
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United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Working Paper 2015-10.
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</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/search/99FCA15CAF8E24F4C1257E7E00501101?OpenDocument"
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class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
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||
</div>
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<div class="bottom-line"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="article_r">
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<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Complementary Currencies for Sustainable Development in Kenya: the
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Case of the Bangla-Pesa
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</p>
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<p> Ruddick, W., Richards, M., Bendell, J. 2015.<br>
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International Journal of Community Currency Research.
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</p>
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<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
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<a href="https://ijccr.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/ijccr-2014-ruddick.pdf"
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class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="bottom-line"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="article_r">
|
||
<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Eco-Pesa: an Evaluation of a Complementary Currency Programme in
|
||
Kenya's Informal Settlements
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p> Ruddick, W., 2011<br>
|
||
International Journal of Complementary Currencies.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
|
||
<a href="https://ijccr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/ijccr-2011-ruddick.pdf"
|
||
class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="bottom-line"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="article_r">
|
||
<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Complementary Currencies Strengthening the Social and Solidarity
|
||
Economy: Case Studies from Kenya
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p> Ruddick, W., Mariani, L. 2013<br>
|
||
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Working Paper.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
|
||
<a href="https://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/search/E2B1E6C5D3D4127BC1257B60005013CB?OpenDocument"
|
||
class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="bottom-line"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="article_r">
|
||
<p class="re-small-font bold-font">Kenyan Businesswomen Transforming Slum Economies through
|
||
Complementary Currencies
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p> Richards, M., Ruddick, W. 2013<br>
|
||
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="d-flex justify-content-start pt-3 pb-5">
|
||
<a href="https://www.unrisd.org/unrisd/website/newsview.nsf/(httpNews)/B84ECEC19AC54952C1257BB2004"
|
||
class="click-here">Read Full Article</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="bottom-line"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr class="re-last-line">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
{% endblock %} |