V2.5.12 stable (#11336 )

* Enable EIP-2384 for ice age hard fork (#11281) * ethcore/res: activate agharta on classic 9573000 (#11331) * Istanbul HF in xDai (2019-12-12) (#11299) * Istanbul HF in POA Core (2019-12-19) (#11298) * Istanbul HF in POA Sokol (2019-12-05) (#11282) * Activate ecip-1061 on kotti and mordor (#11338) * Enable basic verification of local transactions (#11332) * Disallow EIP-86 style null signatures for transactions outside tests (#11335)
[stable backport]: add eip1344_transition for istanbul (#11301 ) (#11303 )
2019-12-16 14:53:34 +01:00 · 2019-12-05 14:11:55 +01:00 · 2019-11-14 17:42:49 +01:00 · 2019-11-12 18:23:08 +01:00 · 2019-11-12 16:52:34 +01:00 · 2019-11-11 21:57:38 +01:00
349 changed files with 23413 additions and 6106 deletions
--- a/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -24,7 +24,42 @@ Also, try to include **steps to reproduce** the issue and expand on the **actual

 If you would like to contribute to Parity Ethereum, please **fork it**, fix bugs or implement features, and [propose a pull request](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/compare).

-Please, refer to the [Coding Guide](https://wiki.parity.io/Coding-guide) in our wiki for more details about hacking on Parity.
+### Labels & Milestones
+
+We use [labels](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/labels) to manage PRs and issues and communicate the state of a PR. Please familiarize yourself with them. Furthermore we are organizing issues in [milestones](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/milestones). Best way to get started is to a pick a ticket from the current milestone tagged [`easy`](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/labels/Q2-easy%20%F0%9F%92%83) and get going, or [`mentor`](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/labels/Q1-mentor%20%F0%9F%95%BA) and get in contact with the mentor offering their support on that larger task.
+
+### Rules
+
+There are a few basic ground-rules for contributors (including the maintainer(s) of the project):
+
+* **No pushing directly to the master branch**.
+* **All modifications** must be made in a **pull-request** to solicit feedback from other contributors.
+* Pull-requests cannot be merged before CI runs green and two reviewers have given their approval.
+* Contributors should adhere to the [Parity Ethereum Style Guide](https://wiki.parity.io/Parity-Ethereum-Style-Guide).
+
+### Recommendations
+
+* **Non-master branch names** *should* be prefixed with a short name moniker, followed by the associated Github Issue ID (if any), and a brief description of the task using the format `<GITHUB_USERNAME>-<ISSUE_ID>-<BRIEF_DESCRIPTION>` (e.g. `gavin-123-readme`). The name moniker helps people to inquiry about their unfinished work, and the GitHub Issue ID helps your future self and other developers (particularly those who are onboarding) find out about and understand the original scope of the task, and where it fits into Parity Ethereum [Projects](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/projects).
+* **Remove stale branches periodically**
+
+### Preparing Pull Requests
+
+* If your PR does not alter any logic (e.g. comments, dependencies, docs), then it may be tagged [`insubstantial`](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pulls?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Apr+label%3A%22A2-insubstantial+%F0%9F%91%B6%22).
+
+* Once a PR is ready for review please add the [`pleasereview`](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pulls?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Aopen+is%3Apr+label%3A%22A0-pleasereview+%F0%9F%A4%93%22+) label.
+
+### Reviewing Pull Requests*:
+
+* At least two reviewers are required to review PRs (even for PRs tagged [`insubstantial`](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pulls?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Apr+label%3A%22A2-insubstantial+%F0%9F%91%B6%22)).
+
+When doing a review, make sure to look for any:
+
+* Buggy behavior.
+* Undue maintenance burden.
+* Breaking with house coding style.
+* Pessimization (i.e. reduction of speed as measured in the projects benchmarks).
+* Breaking changes should be carefuly reviewed and tagged as such so they end up in the [changelog](../CHANGELOG.md).
+* Uselessness (i.e. it does not strictly add a feature or fix a known issue).

 ## License.

--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -43,3 +43,6 @@ parity-clib-examples/cpp/build/
 .vscode
 rls/
 /parity.*
+
+# cargo remote artifacts
+remote-target
--- a/.gitlab-ci.yml
+++ b/.gitlab-ci.yml
@@ -4,17 +4,15 @@ stages:
  - publish
  - optional

-image:                             parity/rust-parity-ethereum-build:xenial
+image:                             ${REGISTRY}/parity-ci-linux:latest
+
 variables:
  GIT_STRATEGY:                    fetch
  GIT_SUBMODULE_STRATEGY:          recursive
  CI_SERVER_NAME:                  "GitLab CI"
+  CARGO_HOME:                      "/ci-cache/${CI_PROJECT_NAME}/cargo/${CI_JOB_NAME}"
  CARGO_TARGET:                    x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
-
-.no_git:                           &no_git # disable git strategy
-  variables:
-    GIT_STRATEGY:                  none
-    GIT_SUBMODULE_STRATEGY:        none
+  REGISTRY:                        registry.parity.io/parity/infrastructure/scripts

 .releaseable_branches:             # list of git refs for building GitLab artifacts (think "pre-release binaries")
  only:                            &releaseable_branches
@@ -30,31 +28,21 @@ variables:
    expire_in:                     1 mos
    paths:
      - artifacts/
+      - tools/

 .docker-cache-status:              &docker-cache-status
  variables:
    CARGO_HOME:                    "/ci-cache/parity-ethereum/cargo/${CI_JOB_NAME}"
  dependencies:                    []
  before_script:
-    - SCCACHE_ERROR_LOG=/builds/parity/parity-ethereum/sccache_debug.log
-        RUST_LOG=sccache=debug
-        sccache --start-server
-    - sccache -s
-  after_script:
-    # sccache debug info
-    - if test -e sccache_debug.log;
-      then
-        echo "_____sccache_debug.log listing start:_____";
-        cat sccache_debug.log;
-        echo "_____sccache_debug.log listing end_____";
-        echo "All crate-types:";
-        grep 'parse_arguments.*--crate-type' sccache_debug.log | sed -re 's/.*"--crate-type", "([^"]+)".*/\1/' | sort | uniq -c;
-        echo "_____Non-cacheable reasons:_____";
-        grep CannotCache sccache_debug.log | sed -re 's/.*CannotCache\((.+)\).*/\1/' | sort | uniq -c;
-      else
-        echo "_____No logs from sccache_____";
-        exit 0;
-      fi
+    - rustup show
+    - cargo --version
+  retry:
+    max: 2
+    when:
+      - runner_system_failure
+      - unknown_failure
+      - api_failure
  tags:
    - linux-docker

@@ -64,7 +52,16 @@ variables:
  <<:                              *collect_artifacts
  script:
    - scripts/gitlab/build-linux.sh
-    - sccache -s
+  after_script:
+    - mkdir -p tools
+    - cp -r scripts/docker/hub/* ./tools
+    - cp scripts/gitlab/publish-snap.sh ./tools
+    - cp scripts/gitlab/publish-onchain.sh ./tools
+    - cp scripts/gitlab/safe-curl.sh ./tools
+    - echo v"$(sed -r -n '1,/^version/s/^version\s*=\s*"([^"]+)".*$/\1/p' Cargo.toml)" |
+      tee ./tools/VERSION
+    - echo "$(sed -r -n '1,/^track/s/^track\s*=\s*"([^"]+)".*$/\1/p' ./util/version/Cargo.toml)" |
+      tee ./tools/TRACK


 cargo-check 0 3:
@@ -72,48 +69,60 @@ cargo-check 0 3:
  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
  script:
    - time cargo check --target $CARGO_TARGET --locked --no-default-features --verbose --color=always
-    - sccache -s
+    - sccache --show-stats

 cargo-check 1 3:
  stage:                           test
  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
  script:
    - time cargo check --target $CARGO_TARGET --locked --manifest-path util/io/Cargo.toml --no-default-features --verbose --color=always
-    - sccache -s
+    - sccache --show-stats

 cargo-check 2 3:
  stage:                           test
  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
  script:
    - time cargo check --target $CARGO_TARGET --locked --manifest-path util/io/Cargo.toml --features "mio" --verbose --color=always
-    - sccache -s
+    - sccache --show-stats
+
+cargo-check-evmbin:
+  stage:                           test
+  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
+  script:
+    - time cargo check -p evmbin --target $CARGO_TARGET --locked --verbose --color=always
+    - sccache --show-stats
+
+cargo-check-benches:
+  stage:                           test
+  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
+  script:
+    - time cargo check --all --benches --target $CARGO_TARGET --locked --verbose --color=always
+    - sccache --show-stats

 cargo-audit:
  stage:                           test
  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
  script:
    - cargo audit
+  allow_failure:                   true # failed cargo audit shouldn't prevent a PR from being merged

 validate-chainspecs:
  stage:                           test
  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
  script:
    - ./scripts/gitlab/validate-chainspecs.sh
-    - sccache -s

 test-cpp:
  stage:                           build
  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
  script:
    - ./scripts/gitlab/test-cpp.sh
-    - sccache -s

 test-linux:
  stage:                           build
  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
  script:
    - ./scripts/gitlab/test-linux.sh stable
-    - sccache -s

 test-linux-beta:
  stage:                           build
@@ -121,7 +130,6 @@ test-linux-beta:
  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
  script:
    - ./scripts/gitlab/test-linux.sh beta
-    - sccache -s

 test-linux-nightly:
  stage:                           build
@@ -129,12 +137,11 @@ test-linux-nightly:
  <<:                              *docker-cache-status
  script:
    - ./scripts/gitlab/test-linux.sh nightly
-    - sccache -s
  allow_failure:                   true

 build-android:
  <<:                              *build-on-linux
-  image:                           parity/rust-parity-ethereum-android-build:stretch
+  image:                           ${REGISTRY}/parity-ci-android:stretch
  variables:
    CARGO_TARGET:                  armv7-linux-androideabi

@@ -145,21 +152,21 @@ build-linux:
 build-linux-i386:
  <<:                              *build-on-linux
  only:                            *releaseable_branches
-  image:                           parity/rust-parity-ethereum-build:i386
+  image:                           ${REGISTRY}/parity-ci-i386:latest
  variables:
    CARGO_TARGET:                  i686-unknown-linux-gnu

 build-linux-arm64:
  <<:                              *build-on-linux
  only:                            *releaseable_branches
-  image:                           parity/rust-parity-ethereum-build:arm64
+  image:                           ${REGISTRY}/parity-ci-arm64:latest
  variables:
    CARGO_TARGET:                  aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu

 build-linux-armhf:
  <<:                              *build-on-linux
  only:                            *releaseable_branches
-  image:                           parity/rust-parity-ethereum-build:armhf
+  image:                           ${REGISTRY}/parity-ci-armhf:latest
  variables:
    CARGO_TARGET:                  armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf

@@ -193,20 +200,36 @@ build-windows:
 publish-docker:
  stage:                           publish
  only:                            *releaseable_branches
-  cache:                           {}
+  except:
+    - nightly
+  when:                            manual
  dependencies:
    - build-linux
-  tags:
-    - shell
+  environment:
+    name: parity-build
+  cache:                           {}
+  image:                           docker:stable
+  services:
+    - docker:dind
+  variables:
+    GIT_STRATEGY:                  none
+    DOCKER_HOST:                   tcp://localhost:2375
+    DOCKER_DRIVER:                 overlay2
+    GIT_STRATEGY:                  none
+    # DOCKERFILE:                  tools/Dockerfile
+    # CONTAINER_IMAGE:             parity/parity
  script:
-    - scripts/gitlab/publish-docker.sh parity
+    - ./tools/publish-docker.sh
+  tags:
+    - kubernetes-parity-build

-publish-snap:                      &publish-snap
+publish-snap-nightly:              &publish-snap
  stage:                           publish
-  only:                            *releaseable_branches
-  <<:                              *collect_artifacts
+  only:
+    - nightly
  image:                           snapcore/snapcraft
  variables:
+    GIT_STRATEGY:                  none
    BUILD_ARCH:                    amd64
  cache:                           {}
  dependencies:
@@ -214,47 +237,80 @@ publish-snap:                      &publish-snap
  tags:
    - linux-docker
  script:
-    - scripts/gitlab/publish-snap.sh
+    - ./tools/publish-snap.sh

-publish-snap-i386:
+publish-snap-manually:
+  <<:                              *publish-snap
+  only:                            *releaseable_branches
+  when:                            manual
+
+publish-snap-i386-nightly:         &publish-snap-i386
  <<:                              *publish-snap
  variables:
    BUILD_ARCH:                    i386
+    CARGO_TARGET:                  i686-unknown-linux-gnu
  dependencies:
    - build-linux-i386

-publish-snap-arm64:
+publish-snap-i386-manually:
+  <<:                              *publish-snap-i386
+  only:                            *releaseable_branches
+  when:                            manual
+
+publish-snap-arm64-nightly:        &publish-snap-arm64
  <<:                              *publish-snap
  variables:
    BUILD_ARCH:                    arm64
+    CARGO_TARGET:                  aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
  dependencies:
    - build-linux-arm64

-publish-snap-armhf:
+publish-snap-arm64-manually:
+  <<:                              *publish-snap-arm64
+  only:                            *releaseable_branches
+  when:                            manual
+
+publish-snap-armhf-nightly:        &publish-snap-armhf
  <<:                              *publish-snap
  variables:
    BUILD_ARCH:                    armhf
+    CARGO_TARGET:                  armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
  dependencies:
    - build-linux-armhf

-publish-onchain:
-  stage:                           publish
+publish-snap-armhf-manually:
+  <<:                              *publish-snap-armhf
  only:                            *releaseable_branches
+  when:                            manual
+
+publish-onchain-nightly:           &publish-onchain
+  stage:                           publish
+  only:
+    - nightly
  cache:                           {}
+  variables:
+    GIT_STRATEGY:                  none
  dependencies:
    - build-linux
    - build-darwin
    - build-windows
  script:
-    - scripts/gitlab/publish-onchain.sh
+    - ./tools/publish-onchain.sh
  tags:
    - linux-docker

-publish-awss3-release:
-  image:                           parity/awscli:latest
-  stage:                           publish
+publish-onchain-manually:
+  <<:                              *publish-onchain
  only:                            *releaseable_branches
-  <<:                              *no_git
+  when:                            manual
+
+publish-release-awss3-nightly:     &publish-release-awss3
+  image:                           ${REGISTRY}/awscli:latest
+  stage:                           publish
+  only:
+    - nightly
+  variables:
+    GIT_STRATEGY:                  none
  cache:                           {}
  dependencies:
    - build-linux
@@ -276,17 +332,39 @@ publish-awss3-release:
  tags:
    - linux-docker

+publish-release-awss3-manually:
+  <<:                              *publish-release-awss3
+  only:                            *releaseable_branches
+  when:                            manual
+
 publish-docs:
-  stage:                            publish
-  image:                            parity/rust-parity-ethereum-docs:xenial
+  stage:                           publish
+  image:                           ${REGISTRY}/parity-ci-docs:latest
  only:
    - tags
  except:
    - nightly
-  cache:                            {}
-  dependencies:                     []
+  when:                            manual
+  cache:                           {}
+  dependencies:                    []
  script:
    - scripts/gitlab/publish-docs.sh
  tags:
    - linux-docker
  allow_failure:                   true
+
+publish-av-whitelist:
+  stage:                          publish
+  variables:
+    GIT_STRATEGY:                  none
+  only:                           *releaseable_branches
+  except:
+    - nightly
+  when:                           manual
+  cache:                          {}
+  dependencies:
+    - build-windows
+  script:
+    - scripts/gitlab/publish-av-whitelists.sh
+  tags:
+    - linux-docker
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,174 +1,213 @@
-## Parity-Ethereum [v2.3.0](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.3.0) (2019-01-16)
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.12](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.12)

-Parity-Ethereum 2.3.0-beta is a consensus-relevant security release that reverts Constantinople on the Ethereum network. Upgrading is mandatory for Ethereum, and strongly recommended for other networks.
+Parity Ethereum v2.5.12-stable is a patch release that adds Istanbul hardfork
+block numbers for POA and xDai networks, implements ECIP-1056 and implements
+EIP-2384/2387 - Muir Glacier.

- **Consensus** - Ethereum Network: Pull Constantinople protocol upgrade on Ethereum (#10189)
-  - Read more: [Security Alert: Ethereum Constantinople Postponement](https://blog.ethereum.org/2019/01/15/security-alert-ethereum-constantinople-postponement/)
- **Networking** - All networks: Ping nodes from discovery (#10167)
- **Wasm** - Kovan Network: Update pwasm-utils to 0.6.1 (#10134)
+The full list of included changes:
+* Enable EIP-2384 for ice age hard fork (#11281)
+* ethcore/res: activate agharta on classic 9573000 (#11331)
+* Istanbul HF in xDai (2019-12-12) (#11299)
+* Istanbul HF in POA Core (2019-12-19) (#11298)
+* Istanbul HF in POA Sokol (2019-12-05) (#11282)
+* Activate ecip-1061 on kotti and mordor (#11338)
+* Enable basic verification of local transactions (#11332)
+* Disallow EIP-86 style null signatures for transactions outside tests (#11335)

-Other notable changes:

- Existing blocks in the database are now kept when restoring a Snapshot. (#8643)
- Block and transaction propagation is improved significantly. (#9954)
- The ERC-191 Signed Data Standard is now supported by `personal_sign191`. (#9701)
- Add support for ERC-191/712 `eth_signTypedData` as a standard for machine-verifiable and human-readable typed data signing with Ethereum keys. (#9631)
- Add support for ERC-1186 `eth_getProof` (#9001)
- Add experimental RPCs flag to enable ERC-191, ERC-712, and ERC-1186 APIs via `--jsonrpc-experimental` (#9928)
- Make `CALLCODE` to trace value to be the code address. (#9881)
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.11](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.11)

-Configuration changes:
+Parity Ethereum v2.5.11-stable is an emergency patch release that adds the missing
+eip1344_transition for mainnet - Users are advised to update as soon as possible
+to prevent any issues with the imminent Istanbul hardfork

- The EIP-98 transition is now disabled by default. If you previously had no `eip98transition` specified in your chain specification, you would enable this now manually on block `0x0`. (#9955)
- Also, unknown fields in chain specs are now rejected. (#9972)
- The Tendermint engine was removed from Parity Ethereum and is no longer available and maintained. (#9980)
- Ropsten testnet data and keys moved from `test/` to `ropsten/` subdir. To reuse your old keys and data either copy or symlink them to the new location.  (#10123)
- Strict empty steps validation (#10041)
-  - If you have a chain with`empty_steps` already running, some blocks most likely contain non-strict entries (unordered or duplicated empty steps). In this release `strict_empty_steps_transition` is enabled by default at block `0x0` for any chain with `empty_steps`.
-  - If your network uses `empty_steps` you **must** (A) plan a hard fork and change `strict_empty_steps_transition` to the desired fork block and (B) update the clients of the whole network to 2.2.7-stable / 2.3.0-beta. If for some reason you don't want to do this please set`strict_empty_steps_transition` to `0xfffffffff` to disable it.
+The full list of included changes:
+- [chainspec]: add `eip1344_transition` for istanbul (#11301)

-_Note:_ This release marks Parity 2.3 as _beta_. All versions of Parity 2.2 are now considered _stable_.
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.10](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/2.5.10)
+
+Parity Ethereum v2.5.10-stable is a patch release that adds block numbers for
+activating the Istanbul hardfork on mainnet, as well as a large number of
+various bugfixes, QoL changes, some code cleanup/refactoring and other
+miscellaneous changes.
+
+This release removes legacy aliases for the mainnet. If you specify `--chain homestead`, `--chain frontier` or `--chain byzantium`, this will need to be changed to one of: `--chain eth`, `--chain ethereum`, `--chain foundation` or `--chain mainnet`.

 The full list of included changes:

- Backports for 2.3.0 beta ([#10164](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10164))
- Snap: fix path in script ([#10157](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10157))
- Make sure parent block is not in importing queue when importing ancient blocks ([#10138](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10138))
- Ci: re-enable snap publishing ([#10142](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10142))
- Hf in POA Core (2019-01-18) - Constantinople ([#10155](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10155))
- Update EWF's tobalaba chainspec ([#10152](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10152))
- Replace ethcore-logger with env-logger. ([#10102](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10102))
- Finality: dont require chain head to be in the chain ([#10054](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10054))
- Remove caching for node connections ([#10143](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10143))
- Blooms file iterator empty on out of range position. ([#10145](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10145))
- Autogen docs for the "Configuring Parity Ethereum" wiki page. ([#10067](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10067))
- Misc: bump license header to 2019 ([#10135](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10135))
- Hide most of the logs from cpp example. ([#10139](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10139))
- Don't try to send oversized packets ([#10042](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10042))
- Private tx enabled flag added into STATUS packet ([#9999](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9999))
- Update pwasm-utils to 0.6.1 ([#10134](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10134))
- Extract blockchain from ethcore ([#10114](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10114))
- Ethcore: update hardcoded headers ([#10123](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10123))
- Identity fix ([#10128](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10128))
- Use LenCachingMutex to optimize verification. ([#10117](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10117))
- Pyethereum keystore support ([#9710](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9710))
- Bump rocksdb-sys to 0.5.5 ([#10124](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10124))
- Parity-clib: `async C bindings to RPC requests` + `subscribe/unsubscribe to websocket events` ([#9920](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9920))
- Refactor (hardware wallet) : reduce the number of threads ([#9644](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9644))
- Hf in POA Sokol (2019-01-04) ([#10077](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10077))
- Fix broken links ([#10119](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10119))
- Follow-up to [#10105](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/issues/10105) ([#10107](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10107))
- Move EIP-712 crate back to parity-ethereum ([#10106](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10106))
- Move a bunch of stuff around ([#10101](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10101))
- Revert "Add --frozen when running cargo ([#10081](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10081))" ([#10105](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10105))
- Fix left over small grumbles on whitespaces ([#10084](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10084))
- Add --frozen when running cargo ([#10081](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10081))
- Fix pubsub new_blocks notifications to include all blocks ([#9987](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9987))
- Update some dependencies for compilation with pc-windows-gnu ([#10082](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10082))
- Fill transaction hash on ethGetLog of light client. ([#9938](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9938))
- Update changelog update for 2.2.5-beta and 2.1.10-stable ([#10064](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10064))
- Implement len caching for parking_lot RwLock ([#10032](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10032))
- Update parking_lot to 0.7 ([#10050](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10050))
- Bump crossbeam. ([#10048](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10048))
- Ethcore: enable constantinople on ethereum ([#10031](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10031))
- Strict empty steps validation ([#10041](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10041))
- Center the Subtitle, use some CAPS ([#10034](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10034))
- Change test miner max memory to malloc reports. ([#10024](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10024))
- Sort the storage for private state ([#10018](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10018))
- Fix: test corpus_inaccessible panic ([#10019](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10019))
- Ci: move future releases to ethereum subdir on s3 ([#10017](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10017))
- Light(on_demand): decrease default time window to 10 secs ([#10016](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10016))
- Light client : failsafe crate (circuit breaker) ([#9790](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9790))
- Lencachingmutex ([#9988](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9988))
- Version and notification for private contract wrapper added ([#9761](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9761))
- Handle failing case for update account cache in require ([#9989](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9989))
- Add tokio runtime to ethcore io worker ([#9979](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9979))
- Move daemonize before creating account provider ([#10003](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10003))
- Docs: update changelogs ([#9990](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9990))
- Fix daemonize ([#10000](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10000))
- Fix Bloom migration ([#9992](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9992))
- Remove tendermint engine support ([#9980](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9980))
- Calculate gas for deployment transaction ([#9840](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9840))
- Fix unstable peers and slowness in sync ([#9967](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9967))
- Adds parity_verifySignature RPC method ([#9507](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9507))
- Improve block and transaction propagation ([#9954](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9954))
- Deny unknown fields for chainspec ([#9972](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9972))
- Fix docker build ([#9971](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9971))
- Ci: rearrange pipeline by logic ([#9970](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9970))
- Add changelogs for 2.0.9, 2.1.4, 2.1.6, and 2.2.1 ([#9963](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9963))
- Add Error message when sync is still in progress. ([#9475](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9475))
- Make CALLCODE to trace value to be the code address ([#9881](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9881))
- Fix light client informant while syncing ([#9932](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9932))
- Add a optional json dump state to evm-bin ([#9706](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9706))
- Disable EIP-98 transition by default ([#9955](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9955))
- Remove secret_store runtimes. ([#9888](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9888))
- Fix a deadlock ([#9952](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9952))
- Chore(eip712): remove unused `failure-derive` ([#9958](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9958))
- Do not use the home directory as the working dir in docker ([#9834](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9834))
- Prevent silent errors in daemon mode, closes [#9367](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/issues/9367) ([#9946](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9946))
- Fix empty steps ([#9939](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9939))
- Adjust requests costs for light client ([#9925](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9925))
- Eip-1186: add `eth_getProof` RPC-Method ([#9001](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9001))
- Missing blocks in filter_changes RPC ([#9947](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9947))
- Allow rust-nightly builds fail in nightly builds ([#9944](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9944))
- Update eth-secp256k1 to include fix for BSDs ([#9935](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9935))
- Unbreak build on rust -stable ([#9934](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9934))
- Keep existing blocks when restoring a Snapshot ([#8643](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/8643))
- Add experimental RPCs flag ([#9928](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9928))
- Clarify poll lifetime ([#9922](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9922))
- Docs(require rust 1.30) ([#9923](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9923))
- Use block header for building finality ([#9914](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9914))
- Simplify cargo audit ([#9918](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9918))
- Light-fetch: Differentiate between out-of-gas/manual throw and use required gas from response on failure ([#9824](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9824))
- Eip 191 ([#9701](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9701))
- Fix(logger): `reqwest` no longer a dependency ([#9908](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9908))
- Remove rust-toolchain file ([#9906](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9906))
- Foundation: 6692865, ropsten: 4417537, kovan: 9363457 ([#9907](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9907))
- Ethcore: use Machine::verify_transaction on parent block ([#9900](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9900))
- Chore(rpc-tests): remove unused rand ([#9896](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9896))
- Fix: Intermittent failing CI due to addr in use ([#9885](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9885))
- Chore(bump docopt): 0.8 -> 1.0 ([#9889](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9889))
- Use expect ([#9883](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9883))
- Use Weak reference in PubSubClient ([#9886](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9886))
- Ci: nuke the gitlab caches ([#9855](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9855))
- Remove unused code ([#9884](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9884))
- Fix json tracer overflow ([#9873](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9873))
- Allow to seal work on latest block ([#9876](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9876))
- Fix docker script ([#9854](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9854))
- Health endpoint ([#9847](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9847))
- Gitlab-ci: make android release build succeed ([#9743](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9743))
- Clean up existing benchmarks ([#9839](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9839))
- Update Callisto block reward code to support HF1 ([#9811](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9811))
- Option to disable keep alive for JSON-RPC http transport ([#9848](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9848))
- Classic.json Bootnode Update ([#9828](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9828))
- Support MIX. ([#9767](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9767))
- Ci: remove failing tests for android, windows, and macos ([#9788](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9788))
- Implement NoProof for json tests and update tests reference (replaces [#9744](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/issues/9744)) ([#9814](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9814))
- Chore(bump regex) ([#9842](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9842))
- Ignore global cache for patched accounts ([#9752](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9752))
- Move state root verification before gas used ([#9841](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9841))
- Fix(docker-aarch64) : cross-compile config ([#9798](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9798))
- Version: bump nightly to 2.3.0 ([#9819](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9819))
- Tests modification for windows CI ([#9671](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9671))
- Eip-712 implementation ([#9631](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9631))
- Fix typo ([#9826](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9826))
- Clean up serde rename and use rename_all = camelCase when possible ([#9823](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9823))
+* ropsten #6631425 foundation #8798209 (#11201)
+* [stable] builtin, istanbul and mordor testnet backports (#11234)
+  * ethcore-builtin (#10850)
+  * [builtin]: support `multiple prices and activations` in chain spec (#11039)
+  * [chain specs]: activate `Istanbul` on mainnet (#11228)
+  * ethcore/res: add mordor testnet configuration (#11200)
+* Update list of bootnodes for xDai chain (#11236)
+* ethcore: remove `test-helper feat` from build (#11047)
+* Secret store: fix Instant::now() related race in net_keep_alive (#11155) (#11159)
+* [stable]: backport #10691 and #10683 (#11143)
+  * Fix compiler warning (that will become an error) (#10683)
+  * Refactor Clique stepping (#10691)
+* Add Constantinople eips to the dev (instant_seal) config (#10809)
+* Add cargo-remote dir to .gitignore (?)
+* Insert explicit warning into the panic hook (#11225)
+* Fix docker centos build (#11226)
+* Update MIX bootnodes. (#11203)
+* Use provided usd-per-eth value if an endpoint is specified (#11209)
+* Add new line after writing block to hex file. (#10984)
+* Type annotation for next_key() matching of json filter options (#11192) (but no `FilterOption` in 2.5 so…)
+* Upgrade jsonrpc to latest (#11206)
+* [CI] check evmbin build (#11096)
+* Correct EIP-712 encoding (#11092)
+* [client]: Fix for incorrectly dropped consensus messages (#11086)
+* Fix block detail updating (#11015)
+* Switching sccache from local to Redis (#10971)
+* Made ecrecover implementation trait public (#11188)
+* [dependencies]: jsonrpc `14.0.1` (#11183)
+* [receipt]: add `sender` & `receiver` to `RichReceipts` (#11179)
+* [ethcore/builtin]: do not panic in blake2pricer on short input (#11180)
+* util Host: fix a double Read Lock bug in fn Host::session_readable() (#11175)
+* ethcore client: fix a double Read Lock bug in fn Client::logs() (#11172)
+* Change how RPCs eth_call and eth_estimateGas handle "Pending" (#11127)
+* Cleanup stratum a bit (#11161)
+* Upgrade to jsonrpc v14 (#11151)
+* SecretStore: expose restore_key_public in HTTP API (#10241)

-## Previous releases
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.9](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.9)
+
+Parity Ethereum v2.5.9-stable is a patch release that adds the block numbers for activating the Istanbul hardfork on test networks: Ropsten, Görli, Rinkeby and Kovan.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* ethcore/res: activate Istanbul on Ropsten, Görli, Rinkeby, Kovan (#11068)
+* [json-spec] make blake2 pricing spec more readable (#11034)
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.8](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.8)
+
+Parity Ethereum v2.5.8-stable is a patch release that improves security, stability and performance.
+
+* The most noteworthy improvement in this release is incorporating all the EIPs required for the Istanbul hard fork.
+* This release also fixes certain security and performance issues, one of which was suspected to be consensus-threatening but turned out to be benign. Thanks to Martin Holst Swende and Felix Lange from the Ethereum Foundation for bringing the suspicious issue to our attention.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* add more tx tests (#11038)
+* Fix parallel transactions race-condition (#10995)
+* Add blake2_f precompile (#11017)
+* [trace] introduce trace failed to Ext (#11019)
+* Edit publish-onchain.sh to use https (#11016)
+* Fix deadlock in network-devp2p (#11013)
+* EIP 1108: Reduce alt_bn128 precompile gas costs (#11008)
+* xDai chain support and nodes list update (#10989)
+* EIP 2028: transaction gas lowered from 68 to 16 (#10987)
+* EIP-1344 Add CHAINID op-code (#10983)
+* manual publish jobs for releases, no changes for nightlies (#10977)
+* [blooms-db] Fix benchmarks (#10974)
+* Verify transaction against its block during import (#10954)
+* Better error message for rpc gas price errors (#10931)
+* tx-pool: accept local tx with higher gas price when pool full (#10901)
+* Fix fork choice (#10837)
+* Cleanup unused vm dependencies (#10787)
+* Fix compilation on recent nightlies (#10991)
+* Don't build rpc with ethcore test-helpers (#11048) 
+* EIP 1884 Re-pricing of trie-size dependent operations  (#10992)
+* Implement EIP-1283 reenable transition, EIP-1706 and EIP-2200  (#10191)
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.7](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.7)
+
+Parity Ethereum v2.5.7-stable is a bugfix release that fixes a potential DoS attack in the trace_call RPC method. This is a critical upgrade for anyone running Parity nodes with RPC exposed to the public internet (and highly recommended for anyone else). For details see this blog post.
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.6](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.6)
+
+Parity-Ethereum v2.5.6-stable is a bugfix release that improves stability.
+
+* Allow specifying hostnames for node URLs
+* Fix a bug where archive nodes were losing peers
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* Kaspersky AV whitelisting (#10919)
+* Avast whitelist script (#10900) 
+* Docker images renaming (#10863) 
+* Remove excessive warning (#10831) 
+* Allow --nat extip:your.host.here.org (#10830) 
+* When updating the client or when called from RPC, sleep should mean sleep (#10814)
+* added new ropsten-bootnode and removed old one (#10794)
+* ethkey no longer uses byteorder (#10786) 
+* Do not drop the peer with None difficulty (#10772)
+* docs: Update Readme with TOC, Contributor Guideline. Update Cargo package descriptions (#10652)
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.5](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.5)
+
+Parity-Ethereum v2.5.5-stable is a minor release that improves performance and stability.
+This release stabilises the 2.5 branch.
+
+As of today, Parity-Ethereum 2.4 reaches end of life and everyone is
+encouraged to upgrade.
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.4](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.4)
+
+Parity Ethereum v2.5.4-beta is a security update that addresses servo/rust-smallvec#148
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* cargo update -p smallvec ([#10822](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10822))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.3](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.3)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.5.3-beta is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability.
+
+* EthereumClassic: activate the Atlantis Hardfork
+* Clique: fix time overflow
+* State tests: treat empty accounts the same as non-existant accounts (EIP 1052)
+* Networking: support discovery-only peers (geth bootnodes)
+* Snapshotting: fix unclean shutdown while snappshotting is under way
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* ethcore/res: activate atlantis classic hf on block 8772000 ([#10766](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10766))
+* fix docker tags for publishing ([#10741](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10741))
+* fix: aura don't add `SystemTime::now()` ([#10720](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10720))
+* Treat empty account the same as non-exist accounts in EIP-1052 ([#10775](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10775))
+* DevP2p: Get node IP address and udp port from Socket, if not included in PING packet ([#10705](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10705))
+* Add a way to signal shutdown to snapshotting threads ([#10744](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10744))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.2](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.2)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.5.2-beta is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability.
+
+Among others, it enables the _Atlantis_ hardfork on **Morden** and **Kotti** Classic networks.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* [CI] allow cargo audit to fail ([#10676](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10676))
+* Reset blockchain properly ([#10669](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10669))
+* new image ([#10673](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10673))
+* Update publishing ([#10644](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10644))
+* enable lto for release builds ([#10717](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10717))
+* Use RUSTFLAGS to set the optimization level ([#10719](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10719))
+* ethcore: enable ECIP-1054 for classic ([#10731](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10731))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.1](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.1)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.5.1-beta is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability. 
+
+Among others, it enables the Petersburg hardfork on **Rinkeby** and **POA-Core** Network, as well as the **Kovan** Network community hardfork.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* ci: publish docs debug ([#10638](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10638))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.5.0](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.5.0)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.5.0-beta is a minor release that improves performance and stabilizes the 2.5 branch by marking it as beta release. 
+
+- This release adds support for the Clique consensus engine ([#9981](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9981))
+  - This enables Parity-Ethereum users to use the Görli, the Kotti Classic, and the legacy Rinkeby testnet. To get started try `parity --chain goerli`; note that light client support is currently not yet fully functional.
+- This release removes the dead chain configs for Easthub and Ethereum Social ([#10531](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10531))
+
+As of today, Parity-Ethereum 2.3 reaches end of life and everyone is encouraged to upgrade.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* fix(light cull): poll light cull instead of timer ([#10559](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10559))

- [CHANGELOG-2.2](docs/CHANGELOG-2.2.md) (_stable_)
- [CHANGELOG-2.1](docs/CHANGELOG-2.1.md) (EOL: 2019-01-16)
- [CHANGELOG-2.0](docs/CHANGELOG-2.0.md) (EOL: 2018-11-15)
- [CHANGELOG-1.11](docs/CHANGELOG-1.11.md) (EOL: 2018-09-19)
- [CHANGELOG-1.10](docs/CHANGELOG-1.10.md) (EOL: 2018-07-18)
- [CHANGELOG-1.9](docs/CHANGELOG-1.9.md) (EOL: 2018-05-09)
- [CHANGELOG-1.8](docs/CHANGELOG-1.8.md) (EOL: 2018-03-22)
- [CHANGELOG-1.7](docs/CHANGELOG-1.7.md) (EOL: 2018-01-25)
- [CHANGELOG-1.6](docs/CHANGELOG-1.6.md) (EOL: 2017-10-15)
- [CHANGELOG-1.5](docs/CHANGELOG-1.5.md) (EOL: 2017-07-28)
- [CHANGELOG-1.4](docs/CHANGELOG-1.4.md) (EOL: 2017-03-13)
- [CHANGELOG-1.3](docs/CHANGELOG-1.3.md) (EOL: 2017-01-19)
- [CHANGELOG-1.2](docs/CHANGELOG-1.2.md) (EOL: 2016-11-07)
- [CHANGELOG-1.1](docs/CHANGELOG-1.1.md) (EOL: 2016-08-12)
- [CHANGELOG-1.0](docs/CHANGELOG-1.0.md) (EOL: 2016-06-24)
- [CHANGELOG-0.9](docs/CHANGELOG-0.9.md) (EOL: 2016-05-02)
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 description = "Parity Ethereum client"
 name = "parity-ethereum"
 # NOTE Make sure to update util/version/Cargo.toml as well
-version = "2.4.6"
+version = "2.5.12"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ serde_derive = "1.0"
 futures = "0.1"
 fdlimit = "0.1"
 ctrlc = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/rust-ctrlc.git" }
-jsonrpc-core = "10.0.1"
+jsonrpc-core = "14.0.0"
 parity-bytes = "0.1"
 common-types = { path = "ethcore/types" }
 ethcore = { path = "ethcore", features = ["parity"] }
@@ -118,10 +118,13 @@ path = "parity/lib.rs"
 path = "parity/main.rs"
 name = "parity"

-[profile.dev]
+[profile.test]
+lto = false
+opt-level = 3 # makes tests slower to compile, but faster to run

 [profile.release]
 debug = false
+lto = true

 [workspace]
 # This should only list projects that are not
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -7,6 +7,25 @@
 <p align="center"><a href="https://gitlab.parity.io/parity/parity-ethereum/commits/master" target="_blank"><img src="https://gitlab.parity.io/parity/parity-ethereum/badges/master/build.svg" /></a>
 <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-GPL%20v3-green.svg" /></a></p>

+## Table of Contents
+
+1. [Description](#chapter-001)
+2. [Technical Overview](#chapter-002)
+3. [Building](#chapter-003)<br>
+  3.1 [Building Dependencies](#chapter-0031)<br>
+  3.2 [Building from Source Code](#chapter-0032)<br>
+  3.3 [Simple One-Line Installer for Mac and Linux](#chapter-0033)<br>
+  3.4 [Starting Parity Ethereum](#chapter-0034)
+4. [Testing](#chapter-004)
+5. [Documentation](#chapter-005)
+6. [Toolchain](#chapter-006)
+7. [Community](#chapter-007)
+8. [Contributing](#chapter-008)
+9. [License](#chapter-009)
+
+
+## 1. Description <a id="chapter-001"></a>
+
 **Built for mission-critical use**: Miners, service providers, and exchanges need fast synchronisation and maximum uptime. Parity Ethereum provides the core infrastructure essential for speedy and reliable services.

 - Clean, modular codebase for easy customisation
@@ -15,7 +34,7 @@
 - Synchronise in hours, not days with Warp Sync
 - Modular for light integration into your service or product

-## Technical Overview
+## 2. Technical Overview <a id="chapter-002"></a>

 Parity Ethereum's goal is to be the fastest, lightest, and most secure Ethereum client. We are developing Parity Ethereum using the sophisticated and cutting-edge **Rust programming language**. Parity Ethereum is licensed under the GPLv3 and can be used for all your Ethereum needs.

@@ -23,9 +42,11 @@ By default, Parity Ethereum runs a JSON-RPC HTTP server on port `:8545` and a We

 If you run into problems while using Parity Ethereum, check out the [wiki for documentation](https://wiki.parity.io/), feel free to [file an issue in this repository](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/issues/new), or hop on our [Gitter](https://gitter.im/paritytech/parity) or [Riot](https://riot.im/app/#/group/+parity:matrix.parity.io) chat room to ask a question. We are glad to help! **For security-critical issues**, please refer to the security policy outlined in [SECURITY.md](SECURITY.md).

-Parity Ethereum's current beta-release is 2.1. You can download it at [the releases page](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases) or follow the instructions below to build from source. Please, mind the [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) for a list of all changes between different versions.
+Parity Ethereum's current beta-release is 2.6. You can download it at [the releases page](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases) or follow the instructions below to build from source. Please, mind the [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) for a list of all changes between different versions.

-## Build Dependencies
+## 3. Building <a id="chapter-003"></a>
+
+### 3.1 Build Dependencies <a id="chapter-0031"></a>

 Parity Ethereum requires **latest stable Rust version** to build.

@@ -45,7 +66,7 @@ We recommend installing Rust through [rustup](https://www.rustup.rs/). If you do

  `clang` is required. It comes with Xcode command line tools or can be installed with homebrew.

- Windows
+- Windows:
  Make sure you have Visual Studio 2015 with C++ support installed. Next, download and run the `rustup` installer from
  https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/dist/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/rustup-init.exe, start "VS2015 x64 Native Tools Command Prompt", and use the following command to install and set up the `msvc` toolchain:
  ```bash
@@ -58,7 +79,7 @@ Once you have `rustup` installed, then you need to install:

 Make sure that these binaries are in your `PATH`. After that, you should be able to build Parity Ethereum from source.

-## Build from Source Code
+### 3.2 Build from Source Code <a id="chapter-0032"></a>

 ```bash
 # download Parity Ethereum code
@@ -95,7 +116,7 @@ or
 $ git checkout beta
 ```

-## Simple One-Line Installer for Mac and Linux
+### 3.3 Simple One-Line Installer for Mac and Linux <a id="chapter-0033"></a>

 ```bash
 bash <(curl https://get.parity.io -L)
@@ -107,9 +128,9 @@ The one-line installer always defaults to the latest beta release. To install a
 bash <(curl https://get.parity.io -L) -r stable
 ```

-## Start Parity Ethereum
+### 3.4 Starting Parity Ethereum <a id="chapter-0034"></a>

-### Manually
+#### Manually

 To start Parity Ethereum manually, just run

@@ -119,7 +140,7 @@ $ ./target/release/parity

 so Parity Ethereum begins syncing the Ethereum blockchain.

-### Using `systemd` service file
+#### Using `systemd` service file

 To start Parity Ethereum as a regular user using `systemd` init:

@@ -128,17 +149,225 @@ To start Parity Ethereum as a regular user using `systemd` init:
 2. Copy release to bin folder, write `sudo install ./target/release/parity /usr/bin/parity`
 3. To configure Parity Ethereum, write a `/etc/parity/config.toml` config file, see [Configuring Parity Ethereum](https://paritytech.github.io/wiki/Configuring-Parity) for details.

-## Parity Ethereum toolchain
+## 4. Testing <a id="chapter-004"></a>
+
+Download the required test files: `git submodule update --init --recursive`. You can run tests with the following commands:
+
+* **All** packages
+  ```
+  cargo test --all
+  ```
+
+* Specific package
+  ```
+  cargo test --package <spec>
+  ```
+
+Replace `<spec>` with one of the packages from the [package list](#package-list) (e.g. `cargo test --package evmbin`).
+
+You can show your logs in the test output by passing `--nocapture` (i.e. `cargo test --package evmbin -- --nocapture`)
+
+## 5. Documentation <a id="chapter-005"></a>
+
+Official website: https://parity.io
+
+Be sure to [check out our wiki](https://wiki.parity.io) for more information.
+
+### Viewing documentation for Parity Ethereum packages
+
+You can generate documentation for Parity Ethereum Rust packages that automatically opens in your web browser using [rustdoc with Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html#using-rustdoc-with-cargo) (of the The Rustdoc Book), by running the the following commands:
+
+* **All** packages
+  ```
+  cargo doc --document-private-items --open
+  ```
+
+* Specific package
+  ```
+  cargo doc --package <spec> -- --document-private-items --open
+  ```
+
+Use`--document-private-items` to also view private documentation and `--no-deps` to exclude building documentation for dependencies.
+
+Replacing `<spec>` with one of the following from the details section below (i.e. `cargo doc --package parity-ethereum --open`):
+
+<a id="package-list"></a>
+**Package List**
+<details><p>
+
+* Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Client Application
+  ```bash
+  parity-ethereum
+  ```
+* Parity Ethereum Account Management, Key Management Tool, and Keys Generator
+  ```bash
+  ethcore-accounts, ethkey-cli, ethstore, ethstore-cli
+  ```
+* Parity Chain Specification
+  ```bash
+  chainspec
+  ```
+* Parity CLI Signer Tool & RPC Client
+  ```bash
+  cli-signer parity-rpc-client
+  ```
+* Parity Ethereum Ethash & ProgPoW Implementations
+  ```bash
+  ethash
+  ```
+* Parity (EthCore) Library
+  ```bash
+  ethcore
+  ```
+  * Parity Ethereum Blockchain Database, Test Generator, Configuration,
+Caching, Importing Blocks, and Block Information
+    ```bash
+    ethcore-blockchain
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Contract Calls and Blockchain Service & Registry Information
+    ```bash
+    ethcore-call-contract
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Database Access & Utilities, Database Cache Manager
+    ```bash
+    ethcore-db
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) Rust Implementation
+    ```bash
+    evm
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Light Client Implementation
+    ```bash
+    ethcore-light
+    ```
+  * Parity Smart Contract based Node Filter, Manage Permissions of Network Connections
+    ```bash
+    node-filter
+    ```
+  * Parity Private Transactions
+    ```bash
+    ethcore-private-tx
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Client & Network Service Creation & Registration with the I/O Subsystem
+    ```bash
+    ethcore-service
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Blockchain Synchronization
+    ```bash
+    ethcore-sync
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum Common Types
+    ```bash
+    common-types
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum Virtual Machines (VM) Support Library
+    ```bash
+    vm
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum WASM Interpreter
+    ```bash
+    wasm
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum WASM Test Runner
+    ```bash
+    pwasm-run-test
+    ```
+  * Parity EVM Implementation
+    ```bash
+    evmbin
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum IPFS-compatible API
+    ```bash
+    parity-ipfs-api
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum JSON Deserialization
+    ```bash
+    ethjson
+    ```
+  * Parity Ethereum State Machine Generalization for Consensus Engines
+    ```bash
+    parity-machine
+    ```
+* Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Miner Interface
+  ```bash
+  ethcore-miner parity-local-store price-info ethcore-stratum using_queue
+  ```
+* Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Logger Implementation
+  ```bash
+  ethcore-logger
+  ```
+* C bindings library for the Parity Ethereum client
+  ```bash
+  parity-clib
+  ```
+* Parity Ethereum JSON-RPC Servers
+  ```bash
+  parity-rpc
+  ```
+* Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Secret Store
+  ```bash
+  ethcore-secretstore
+  ```
+* Parity Updater Service
+  ```bash
+  parity-updater parity-hash-fetch
+  ```
+* Parity Core Libraries (Parity Util)
+  ```bash
+  ethcore-bloom-journal blooms-db dir eip-712 fake-fetch fastmap fetch ethcore-io
+  journaldb keccak-hasher len-caching-lock macros memory-cache memzero
+  migration-rocksdb ethcore-network ethcore-network-devp2p panic_hook
+  patricia-trie-ethereum registrar rlp_compress rlp_derive parity-runtime stats
+  time-utils triehash-ethereum unexpected parity-version
+  ```
+* Parity Whisper Protocol Implementation
+  ```bash
+  parity-whisper whisper-cli
+  ```
+
+</p></details>
+
+### Contributing to documentation for Parity Ethereum packages
+
+[Document source code](https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.9.0/book/documentation.html) for Parity Ethereum packages by annotating the source code with documentation comments.
+
+Example (generic documentation comment):
+```markdown
+/// Summary
+///
+/// Description
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Summary of Example 1
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// // insert example 1 code here for use with documentation as tests
+/// ```
+///
+```
+
+## 6. Toolchain <a id="chapter-006"></a>

 In addition to the Parity Ethereum client, there are additional tools in this repository available:

- [evmbin](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/blob/master/evmbin/) - EVM implementation for Parity Ethereum.
- [ethabi](https://github.com/paritytech/ethabi) - Parity Ethereum function calls encoding.
- [ethstore](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/blob/master/accounts/ethstore) - Parity Ethereum key management.
- [ethkey](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/blob/master/accounts/ethkey) - Parity Ethereum keys generator.
- [whisper](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/blob/master/whisper/) - Implementation of Whisper-v2 PoC.
+- [evmbin](./evmbin) - Parity Ethereum EVM Implementation.
+- [ethstore](./accounts/ethstore) - Parity Ethereum Key Management.
+- [ethkey](./accounts/ethkey) - Parity Ethereum Keys Generator.
+- [whisper](./whisper) - Parity Ethereum Whisper-v2 PoC Implementation.

-## Join the chat!
+The following tool is available in a separate repository:
+- [ethabi](https://github.com/paritytech/ethabi) - Parity Ethereum Encoding of Function Calls. [Docs here](https://crates.io/crates/ethabi)
+
+## 7. Community <a id="chapter-007"></a>
+
+### Join the chat!

 Questions? Get in touch with us on Gitter:
 [![Gitter: Parity](https://img.shields.io/badge/gitter-parity-4AB495.svg)](https://gitter.im/paritytech/parity)
@@ -149,8 +378,14 @@ Questions? Get in touch with us on Gitter:
 Alternatively, join our community on Matrix:
 [![Riot: +Parity](https://img.shields.io/badge/riot-%2Bparity%3Amatrix.parity.io-orange.svg)](https://riot.im/app/#/group/+parity:matrix.parity.io)

-## Documentation
+## 8. Contributing <a id="chapter-008"></a>

-Official website: https://parity.io
+An introduction has been provided in the ["So You Want to be a Core Developer" presentation slides by Hernando Castano](http://tiny.cc/contrib-to-parity-eth). Additional guidelines are provided in [CONTRIBUTING](./.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).

-Be sure to [check out our wiki](https://wiki.parity.io) for more information.
+### Contributor Code of Conduct
+
+[CODE_OF_CONDUCT](./.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
+
+## 9. License <a id="chapter-009"></a>
+
+[LICENSE](./LICENSE)
--- a/accounts/Cargo.toml
+++ b/accounts/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-description = "Account management for Parity Ethereum"
+description = "Parity Ethereum Account Management"
 homepage = "http://parity.io"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 name = "ethcore-accounts"
--- a/accounts/ethkey/Cargo.toml
+++ b/accounts/ethkey/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 [package]
+description = "Parity Ethereum Keys Generator"
 name = "ethkey"
 version = "0.3.0"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]

 [dependencies]
-byteorder = "1.0"
 edit-distance = "2.0"
 parity-crypto = "0.3.0"
-eth-secp256k1 = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/rust-secp256k1" }
+eth-secp256k1 = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/rust-secp256k1", rev = "ccc06e7480148b723eb44ac56cf4d20eec380b6f" }
 ethereum-types = "0.4"
 lazy_static = "1.0"
 log = "0.4"
 memzero = { path = "../../util/memzero" }
-parity-wordlist = "1.2"
+parity-wordlist = "1.3"
 quick-error = "1.2.2"
 rand = "0.4"
 rustc-hex = "1.0"
--- a/accounts/ethkey/README.md
+++ b/accounts/ethkey/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Parity Ethereum keys generator.
 ### Usage

 ```
-Parity Ethereum keys generator.
+Parity Ethereum Keys Generator.
  Copyright 2015-2019 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.

 Usage:
--- a/accounts/ethkey/cli/Cargo.toml
+++ b/accounts/ethkey/cli/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [package]
+description = "Parity Ethereum Keys Generator CLI"
 name = "ethkey-cli"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ docopt = "1.0"
 env_logger = "0.5"
 ethkey = { path = "../" }
 panic_hook = { path = "../../../util/panic-hook" }
-parity-wordlist="1.2"
+parity-wordlist="1.3"
 rustc-hex = "1.0"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
--- a/accounts/ethkey/src/extended.rs
+++ b/accounts/ethkey/src/extended.rs
@@ -35,9 +35,8 @@ impl Label for u32 {
 	fn len() -> usize { 4 }

 	fn store(&self, target: &mut [u8]) {
-		use byteorder::{BigEndian, ByteOrder};
-
-		BigEndian::write_u32(&mut target[0..4], *self);
+		let bytes = self.to_be_bytes();
+		target[0..4].copy_from_slice(&bytes);
 	}
 }

--- a/accounts/ethkey/src/lib.rs
+++ b/accounts/ethkey/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@

 // #![warn(missing_docs)]

-extern crate byteorder;
 extern crate edit_distance;
 extern crate parity_crypto;
 extern crate ethereum_types;
--- a/accounts/ethstore/Cargo.toml
+++ b/accounts/ethstore/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [package]
+description = "Parity Ethereum Key Management"
 name = "ethstore"
 version = "0.2.1"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ parity-crypto = "0.3.0"
 ethereum-types = "0.4"
 dir = { path = "../../util/dir" }
 smallvec = "0.6"
-parity-wordlist = "1.0"
+parity-wordlist = "1.3"
 tempdir = "0.3"
 lazy_static = "1.2.0"

--- a/accounts/ethstore/cli/Cargo.toml
+++ b/accounts/ethstore/cli/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [package]
+description = "Parity Ethereum Key Management CLI"
 name = "ethstore-cli"
 version = "0.1.1"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
--- a/chainspec/Cargo.toml
+++ b/chainspec/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [package]
+description = "Parity Ethereum Chain Specification"
 name = "chainspec"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["Marek Kotewicz <marek@parity.io>"]
--- a/cli-signer/Cargo.toml
+++ b/cli-signer/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 [package]
-authors = ["Parity <admin@parity.io>"]
-description = "Parity Cli Tool"
+description = "Parity Ethereum CLI Signer Tool"
 homepage = "http://parity.io"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 name = "cli-signer"
 version = "1.4.0"
+authors = ["Parity <admin@parity.io>"]

 [dependencies]
 ethereum-types = "0.4"
--- a/cli-signer/rpc-client/Cargo.toml
+++ b/cli-signer/rpc-client/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 [package]
-authors = ["Parity <admin@parity.io>"]
-description = "Parity Rpc Client"
+description = "Parity Ethereum RPC Client"
 homepage = "http://parity.io"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 name = "parity-rpc-client"
 version = "1.4.0"
+authors = ["Parity <admin@parity.io>"]

 [dependencies]
 ethereum-types = "0.4"
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ futures = "0.1"
 log = "0.4"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
-url = "1.2.0"
+url = "2"
 matches = "0.1"
-parking_lot = "0.7"
-jsonrpc-core = "10.0.1"
-jsonrpc-ws-server = "10.0.1"
+parking_lot = "0.9"
+jsonrpc-core = "14.0.3"
+jsonrpc-ws-server = "14.0.3"
 parity-rpc = { path = "../../rpc" }
 keccak-hash = "0.1"
--- a/docs/CHANGELOG-2.2.md
+++ b/docs/CHANGELOG-2.2.md
@@ -1,3 +1,78 @@
+Note: Parity Ethereum 2.2 reached End-of-Life on 2019-02-25 (EOL).
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.2.11](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.2.11) (2019-02-21)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.2.11-stable is a maintenance release that fixes snap and docker installations.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+- Stable: snap: release untagged versions from branches to the candidate ([#10357](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10357)) ([#10372](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10372))
+  - Snap: release untagged versions from branches to the candidate snap channel ([#10357](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10357))
+  - Snap: add the removable-media plug ([#10377](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10377))
+  - Exchanged old(azure) bootnodes with new(ovh) ones ([#10309](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10309))
+- Stable Backports ([#10353](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10353))
+  - Version: bump stable to 2.2.11
+  - Snap: prefix version and populate candidate channel ([#10343](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10343))
+  - Snap: populate candidate releases with beta snaps to avoid stale channel
+  - Snap: prefix version with v*
+  - No volumes are needed, just run -v volume:/path/in/the/container ([#10345](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10345))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.2.10](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.2.10) (2019-02-13)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.2.10-stable is a security-relevant release. A bug in the JSONRPC-deserialization module can cause crashes of all versions of Parity Ethereum nodes if an attacker is able to submit a specially-crafted RPC to certain publicly available endpoints.
+
+- https://www.parity.io/new-parity-ethereum-update-fixes-several-rpc-vulnerabilities/
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+-  Additional error for invalid gas ([#10327](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10327)) ([#10329](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10329))
+-  Backports for Stable 2.2.10 ([#10332](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10332))
+    - fix(docker-aarch64) : cross-compile config ([#9798](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9798))
+    - import rpc transactions sequentially ([#10051](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10051))
+    - fix(docker): fix not receives SIGINT ([#10059](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10059))
+    - snap: official image / test ([#10168](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10168))
+    - perform stripping during build ([#10208](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10208))
+    - Additional tests for uint/hash/bytes deserialization. ([#10279](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10279))
+    - Don't run the CPP example on CI ([#10285](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10285))
+    - CI optimizations ([#10297](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10297))
+    - fix publish job ([#10317](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10317))
+    - Add Statetest support for Constantinople Fix ([#10323](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10323))
+    - Add helper for Timestamp overflows ([#10330](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10330))
+    - Don't add discovery initiators to the node table ([#10305](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10305))
+    - change docker image based on debian instead of ubuntu due to the chan ([#10336](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10336))
+    - role back docker build image and docker deploy image to ubuntu:xenial based ([#10338](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10338))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.2.9](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.2.9) (2019-02-03)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.2.9-stable is a security-relevant release. A bug in the JSONRPC-deserialization module can cause crashes of all versions of Parity Ethereum nodes if an attacker is able to submit a specially-crafted RPC to certain publicly available endpoints.
+
+- https://www.parity.io/security-alert-parity-ethereum-03-02/
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+-  Additional tests for uint deserialization. ([#10279](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10279)) ([#10281](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10281))
+-  Version: bump stable to 2.2.9 ([#10282](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10282))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.2.8](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.2.8) (2019-02-01)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.2.8-stable is a consensus-relevant release that enables _St. Petersfork_ on:
+
+- Ethereum Block `7280000` (along with Constantinople)
+- Kovan Block `10255201`
+- Ropsten Block `4939394`
+- POA Sokol Block `7026400`
+
+In addition to this, Constantinople is cancelled for the POA Core network. Upgrading is mandatory for clients on any of these chains.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+- Backports for stable 2.2.8 ([#10224](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10224))
+  - Update for Android cross-compilation. ([#10180](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10180))
+  - Cancel Constantinople HF on POA Core ([#10198](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10198))
+  - Add EIP-1283 disable transition ([#10214](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10214))
+  - Enable St-Peters-Fork ("Constantinople Fix") ([#10223](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10223))
+- Stable: Macos heapsize force jemalloc ([#10234](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10234)) ([#10258](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10258))
+
 ## Parity-Ethereum [v2.2.7](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.2.7) (2019-01-15)

 Parity-Ethereum 2.2.7-stable is a consensus-relevant security release that reverts Constantinople on the Ethereum network. Upgrading is mandatory for Ethereum, and strongly recommended for other networks.
--- a/docs/CHANGELOG-2.3.md
+++ b/docs/CHANGELOG-2.3.md
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.3.8](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.3.8) (2019-03-22)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.3.8-stable is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability. This patch release contains a critical bug fix where serving light clients previously led to client crashes. Upgrading is highly recommended.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+- 2.3.8 stable backports ([#10507](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10507))
+  - Version: bump stable
+  - Add additional request tests ([#10503](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10503))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.3.7](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.3.7) (2019-03-20)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.3.7-stable is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+- 2.3.7 stable backports ([#10487](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10487))
+  - Version: bump stable
+  - Сaching through docker volume ([#10477](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10477))
+  - fix win&mac build ([#10486](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10486))
+  - fix(extract `timestamp_checked_add` as lib) ([#10383](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10383))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.3.6](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.3.6) (2019-03-19)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.3.6-stable is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+- 2.3.6 stable backports ([#10470](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10470))
+  - Version: bump stable
+  - CI publish to aws ([#10446](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10446))
+  - Ensure static validator set changes are recognized ([#10467](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10467))
+  - CI aws git checkout ([#10451](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10451))
+  - Revert "CI aws git checkout ([#10451](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10451))" ([#10456](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10456))
+  - Tests parallelized ([#10452](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10452))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.3.5](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.3.5) (2019-02-25)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.3.5-stable is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability.
+
+Note, all 2.2 releases and older are now unsupported and upgrading is recommended.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+- More Backports for Stable 2.3.5 ([#10430](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10430))
+  - Revert some changes, could be buggy ([#10399](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10399))
+  - Ci: clean up gitlab-ci.yml leftovers from previous merge ([#10429](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10429))
+  - 10000 > 5000 ([#10422](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10422))
+  - Fix underflow in pip, closes [#10419](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10419) ([#10423](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10423))
+  - Fix panic when logging directory does not exist, closes [#10420](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10420) ([#10424](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10424))
+  - Update hardcoded headers for Foundation, Ropsten, Kovan and Classic ([#10417](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10417))
+- Backports for Stable 2.3.5 ([#10414](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10414))
+  - No-git for publish jobs, empty artifacts dir ([#10393](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10393))
+  - Snap: reenable i386, arm64, armhf architecture publishing ([#10386](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10386))
+  - Tx pool: always accept local transactions ([#10375](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10375))
+  - Fix to_pod storage trie value decoding ([#10368)](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10368))
+- Version: mark 2.3.5 as stable
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.3.4](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.3.4) (2019-02-21)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.3.4-beta is a maintenance release that fixes snap and docker installations.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+- Beta: snap: release untagged versions from branches to the candidate ([#10357](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10357)) ([#10373](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10373))
+  - Snap: release untagged versions from branches to the candidate snap channel ([#10357](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10357))
+  - Snap: add the removable-media plug ([#10377](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10377))
+  - Exchanged old(azure) bootnodes with new(ovh) ones ([#10309](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10309))
+- Beta Backports ([#10354](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10354))
+  - Version: bump beta to 2.3.4
+  - Snap: prefix version and populate candidate channel ([#10343](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10343))
+  - Snap: populate candidate releases with beta snaps to avoid stale channel
+  - Snap: prefix version with v*
+  - No volumes are needed, just run -v volume:/path/in/the/container ([#10345](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10345))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.3.3](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.3.3) (2019-02-13)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.3.3-beta is a security-relevant release. A bug in the JSONRPC-deserialization module can cause crashes of all versions of Parity Ethereum nodes if an attacker is able to submit a specially-crafted RPC to certain publicly available endpoints.
+
+- https://www.parity.io/new-parity-ethereum-update-fixes-several-rpc-vulnerabilities/
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+- Additional error for invalid gas ([#10327](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10327)) ([#10328](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10328))
+- Backports for Beta 2.3.3 ([#10333](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10333))
+    - Properly handle check_epoch_end_signal errors ([#10015](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10015))
+    - import rpc transactions sequentially ([#10051](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10051))
+    - fix(docker): fix not receives SIGINT ([#10059](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10059))
+    - snap: official image / test ([#10168](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10168))
+    - Extract CallContract and RegistryInfo traits into their own crate ([#10178](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10178))
+    - perform stripping during build ([#10208](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10208))
+    - Remove CallContract and RegistryInfo re-exports from `ethcore/client` ([#10205](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10205))
+    - fixed: types::transaction::SignedTransaction; ([#10229](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10229))
+    - Additional tests for uint/hash/bytes deserialization. ([#10279](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10279))
+    - Fix Windows build ([#10284](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10284))
+    - Don't run the CPP example on CI ([#10285](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10285))
+    - CI optimizations ([#10297](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10297))
+    - fix publish job ([#10317](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10317))
+    - Add Statetest support for Constantinople Fix ([#10323](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10323))
+    - Add helper for Timestamp overflows ([#10330](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10330))
+    - Don't add discovery initiators to the node table ([#10305](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10305))
+    - change docker image based on debian instead of ubuntu due to the chan ([#10336](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10336))
+    - role back docker build image and docker deploy image to ubuntu:xenial based ([#10338](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10338))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.3.2](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.3.2) (2019-02-03)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.3.2-stable is a security-relevant release. A bug in the JSONRPC-deserialization module can cause crashes of all versions of Parity Ethereum nodes if an attacker is able to submit a specially-crafted RPC to certain publicly available endpoints.
+
+- https://www.parity.io/security-alert-parity-ethereum-03-02/
+
+The full list of included changes:
+- Version: bump beta to 2.3.2 ([#10283](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10283))
+- Additional tests for uint deserialization. ([#10279](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10279)) ([#10280](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10280))
+- Backport [#10285](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10285) to beta ([#10286](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10286))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.3.1](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.3.1) (2019-02-01)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.3.1-beta is a consensus-relevant release that enables _St. Petersfork_ on:
+
+- Ethereum Block `7280000` (along with Constantinople)
+- Kovan Block `10255201`
+- Ropsten Block `4939394`
+- POA Sokol Block `7026400`
+
+In addition to this, Constantinople is cancelled for the POA Core network. Upgrading is mandatory for clients on any of these chains.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+- Backports for beta 2.3.1 ([#10225](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10225))
+  - Fix _cannot recursively call into `Core`_ issue ([#10144](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10144))
+  - Update for Android cross-compilation. ([#10180](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10180))
+  - Fix _cannot recursively call into `Core`_ - Part 2 ([#10195](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10195))
+  - Cancel Constantinople HF on POA Core ([#10198](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10198))
+  - Add EIP-1283 disable transition ([#10214](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10214))
+  - Enable St-Peters-Fork ("Constantinople Fix") ([#10223](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10223))
+- Beta: Macos heapsize force jemalloc ([#10234](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10234)) ([#10259](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10259))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.3.0](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.3.0) (2019-01-16)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.3.0-beta is a consensus-relevant security release that reverts Constantinople on the Ethereum network. Upgrading is mandatory for Ethereum, and strongly recommended for other networks.
+
+- **Consensus** - Ethereum Network: Pull Constantinople protocol upgrade on Ethereum ([#10189](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10189))
+  - Read more: [Security Alert: Ethereum Constantinople Postponement](https://blog.ethereum.org/2019/01/15/security-alert-ethereum-constantinople-postponement/)
+- **Networking** - All networks: Ping nodes from discovery ([#10167](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10167))
+- **Wasm** - Kovan Network: Update pwasm-utils to 0.6.1 ([#10134](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10134))
+
+Other notable changes:
+
+- Existing blocks in the database are now kept when restoring a Snapshot. ([#8643](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/8643))
+- Block and transaction propagation is improved significantly. ([#9954](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9954))
+- The ERC-191 Signed Data Standard is now supported by `personal_sign191`. ([#9701](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9701))
+- Add support for ERC-191/712 `eth_signTypedData` as a standard for machine-verifiable and human-readable typed data signing with Ethereum keys. ([#9631](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9631))
+- Add support for ERC-1186 `eth_getProof` ([#9001](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9001))
+- Add experimental RPCs flag to enable ERC-191, ERC-712, and ERC-1186 APIs via `--jsonrpc-experimental` ([#9928](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9928))
+- Make `CALLCODE` to trace value to be the code address. ([#9881](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9881))
+
+Configuration changes:
+
+- The EIP-98 transition is now disabled by default. If you previously had no `eip98transition` specified in your chain specification, you would enable this now manually on block `0x0`. ([#9955](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9955))
+- Also, unknown fields in chain specs are now rejected. ([#9972](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9972))
+- The Tendermint engine was removed from Parity Ethereum and is no longer available and maintained. ([#9980](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9980))
+- Ropsten testnet data and keys moved from `test/` to `ropsten/` subdir. To reuse your old keys and data either copy or symlink them to the new location.  ([#10123](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10123))
+- Strict empty steps validation ([#10041](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10041))
+  - If you have a chain with`empty_steps` already running, some blocks most likely contain non-strict entries (unordered or duplicated empty steps). In this release `strict_empty_steps_transition` is enabled by default at block `0x0` for any chain with `empty_steps`.
+  - If your network uses `empty_steps` you **must** (A) plan a hard fork and change `strict_empty_steps_transition` to the desired fork block and (B) update the clients of the whole network to 2.2.7-stable / 2.3.0-beta. If for some reason you don't want to do this please set`strict_empty_steps_transition` to `0xfffffffff` to disable it.
+
+_Note:_ This release marks Parity 2.3 as _beta_. All versions of Parity 2.2 are now considered _stable_.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+- Backports for 2.3.0 beta ([#10164](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10164))
+- Snap: fix path in script ([#10157](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10157))
+- Make sure parent block is not in importing queue when importing ancient blocks ([#10138](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10138))
+- Ci: re-enable snap publishing ([#10142](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10142))
+- Hf in POA Core (2019-01-18) - Constantinople ([#10155](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10155))
+- Update EWF's tobalaba chainspec ([#10152](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10152))
+- Replace ethcore-logger with env-logger. ([#10102](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10102))
+- Finality: dont require chain head to be in the chain ([#10054](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10054))
+- Remove caching for node connections ([#10143](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10143))
+- Blooms file iterator empty on out of range position. ([#10145](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10145))
+- Autogen docs for the "Configuring Parity Ethereum" wiki page. ([#10067](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10067))
+- Misc: bump license header to 2019 ([#10135](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10135))
+- Hide most of the logs from cpp example. ([#10139](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10139))
+- Don't try to send oversized packets ([#10042](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10042))
+- Private tx enabled flag added into STATUS packet ([#9999](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9999))
+- Update pwasm-utils to 0.6.1 ([#10134](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10134))
+- Extract blockchain from ethcore ([#10114](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10114))
+- Ethcore: update hardcoded headers ([#10123](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10123))
+- Identity fix ([#10128](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10128))
+- Use LenCachingMutex to optimize verification. ([#10117](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10117))
+- Pyethereum keystore support ([#9710](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9710))
+- Bump rocksdb-sys to 0.5.5 ([#10124](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10124))
+- Parity-clib: `async C bindings to RPC requests` + `subscribe/unsubscribe to websocket events` ([#9920](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9920))
+- Refactor (hardware wallet) : reduce the number of threads ([#9644](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9644))
+- Hf in POA Sokol (2019-01-04) ([#10077](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10077))
+- Fix broken links ([#10119](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10119))
+- Follow-up to [#10105](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/issues/10105) ([#10107](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10107))
+- Move EIP-712 crate back to parity-ethereum ([#10106](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10106))
+- Move a bunch of stuff around ([#10101](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10101))
+- Revert "Add --frozen when running cargo ([#10081](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10081))" ([#10105](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10105))
+- Fix left over small grumbles on whitespaces ([#10084](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10084))
+- Add --frozen when running cargo ([#10081](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10081))
+- Fix pubsub new_blocks notifications to include all blocks ([#9987](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9987))
+- Update some dependencies for compilation with pc-windows-gnu ([#10082](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10082))
+- Fill transaction hash on ethGetLog of light client. ([#9938](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9938))
+- Update changelog update for 2.2.5-beta and 2.1.10-stable ([#10064](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10064))
+- Implement len caching for parking_lot RwLock ([#10032](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10032))
+- Update parking_lot to 0.7 ([#10050](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10050))
+- Bump crossbeam. ([#10048](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10048))
+- Ethcore: enable constantinople on ethereum ([#10031](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10031))
+- Strict empty steps validation ([#10041](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10041))
+- Center the Subtitle, use some CAPS ([#10034](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10034))
+- Change test miner max memory to malloc reports. ([#10024](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10024))
+- Sort the storage for private state ([#10018](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10018))
+- Fix: test corpus_inaccessible panic ([#10019](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10019))
+- Ci: move future releases to ethereum subdir on s3 ([#10017](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10017))
+- Light(on_demand): decrease default time window to 10 secs ([#10016](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10016))
+- Light client : failsafe crate (circuit breaker) ([#9790](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9790))
+- Lencachingmutex ([#9988](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9988))
+- Version and notification for private contract wrapper added ([#9761](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9761))
+- Handle failing case for update account cache in require ([#9989](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9989))
+- Add tokio runtime to ethcore io worker ([#9979](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9979))
+- Move daemonize before creating account provider ([#10003](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10003))
+- Docs: update changelogs ([#9990](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9990))
+- Fix daemonize ([#10000](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10000))
+- Fix Bloom migration ([#9992](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9992))
+- Remove tendermint engine support ([#9980](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9980))
+- Calculate gas for deployment transaction ([#9840](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9840))
+- Fix unstable peers and slowness in sync ([#9967](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9967))
+- Adds parity_verifySignature RPC method ([#9507](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9507))
+- Improve block and transaction propagation ([#9954](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9954))
+- Deny unknown fields for chainspec ([#9972](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9972))
+- Fix docker build ([#9971](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9971))
+- Ci: rearrange pipeline by logic ([#9970](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9970))
+- Add changelogs for 2.0.9, 2.1.4, 2.1.6, and 2.2.1 ([#9963](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9963))
+- Add Error message when sync is still in progress. ([#9475](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9475))
+- Make CALLCODE to trace value to be the code address ([#9881](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9881))
+- Fix light client informant while syncing ([#9932](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9932))
+- Add a optional json dump state to evm-bin ([#9706](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9706))
+- Disable EIP-98 transition by default ([#9955](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9955))
+- Remove secret_store runtimes. ([#9888](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9888))
+- Fix a deadlock ([#9952](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9952))
+- Chore(eip712): remove unused `failure-derive` ([#9958](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9958))
+- Do not use the home directory as the working dir in docker ([#9834](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9834))
+- Prevent silent errors in daemon mode, closes [#9367](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/issues/9367) ([#9946](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9946))
+- Fix empty steps ([#9939](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9939))
+- Adjust requests costs for light client ([#9925](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9925))
+- Eip-1186: add `eth_getProof` RPC-Method ([#9001](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9001))
+- Missing blocks in filter_changes RPC ([#9947](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9947))
+- Allow rust-nightly builds fail in nightly builds ([#9944](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9944))
+- Update eth-secp256k1 to include fix for BSDs ([#9935](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9935))
+- Unbreak build on rust -stable ([#9934](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9934))
+- Keep existing blocks when restoring a Snapshot ([#8643](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/8643))
+- Add experimental RPCs flag ([#9928](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9928))
+- Clarify poll lifetime ([#9922](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9922))
+- Docs(require rust 1.30) ([#9923](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9923))
+- Use block header for building finality ([#9914](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9914))
+- Simplify cargo audit ([#9918](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9918))
+- Light-fetch: Differentiate between out-of-gas/manual throw and use required gas from response on failure ([#9824](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9824))
+- Eip 191 ([#9701](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9701))
+- Fix(logger): `reqwest` no longer a dependency ([#9908](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9908))
+- Remove rust-toolchain file ([#9906](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9906))
+- Foundation: 6692865, ropsten: 4417537, kovan: 9363457 ([#9907](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9907))
+- Ethcore: use Machine::verify_transaction on parent block ([#9900](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9900))
+- Chore(rpc-tests): remove unused rand ([#9896](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9896))
+- Fix: Intermittent failing CI due to addr in use ([#9885](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9885))
+- Chore(bump docopt): 0.8 -> 1.0 ([#9889](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9889))
+- Use expect ([#9883](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9883))
+- Use Weak reference in PubSubClient ([#9886](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9886))
+- Ci: nuke the gitlab caches ([#9855](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9855))
+- Remove unused code ([#9884](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9884))
+- Fix json tracer overflow ([#9873](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9873))
+- Allow to seal work on latest block ([#9876](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9876))
+- Fix docker script ([#9854](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9854))
+- Health endpoint ([#9847](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9847))
+- Gitlab-ci: make android release build succeed ([#9743](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9743))
+- Clean up existing benchmarks ([#9839](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9839))
+- Update Callisto block reward code to support HF1 ([#9811](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9811))
+- Option to disable keep alive for JSON-RPC http transport ([#9848](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9848))
+- Classic.json Bootnode Update ([#9828](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9828))
+- Support MIX. ([#9767](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9767))
+- Ci: remove failing tests for android, windows, and macos ([#9788](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9788))
+- Implement NoProof for json tests and update tests reference (replaces [#9744](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/issues/9744)) ([#9814](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9814))
+- Chore(bump regex) ([#9842](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9842))
+- Ignore global cache for patched accounts ([#9752](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9752))
+- Move state root verification before gas used ([#9841](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9841))
+- Fix(docker-aarch64) : cross-compile config ([#9798](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9798))
+- Version: bump nightly to 2.3.0 ([#9819](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9819))
+- Tests modification for windows CI ([#9671](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9671))
+- Eip-712 implementation ([#9631](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9631))
+- Fix typo ([#9826](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9826))
+- Clean up serde rename and use rename_all = camelCase when possible ([#9823](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9823))
--- a/docs/CHANGELOG-2.4.md
+++ b/docs/CHANGELOG-2.4.md
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.4.9](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.4.9)
+
+Parity Ethereum v2.4.9-stable is a security update which addresses servo/rust-smallvec#148
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* cargo update -p smallvec ([#10822](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10822))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.4.8](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.4.8)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.4.8-stable is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability.
+
+* Blockchain: fix reset chain
+* State tests: treat empty accounts the same as non-existant accounts (EIP 1052)
+* Aura: fix Timestamp Overflow
+* Networking: support discovery-only peers (geth bootnodes)
+* Snapshotting: fix unclean shutdown while snappshotting is under way
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* ethcore/res: activate atlantis classic hf on block 8772000 ([#10766](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10766))
+* fix docker tags for publishing ([#10741](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10741))
+* Reset blockchain properly ([#10669](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10669))
+* adds rpc error message for --no-ancient-blocks ([#10608](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10608))
+* Treat empty account the same as non-exist accounts in EIP-1052 ([#10775](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10775))
+* fix: aura don't add `SystemTime::now()` ([#10720](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10720))
+* DevP2p: Get node IP address and udp port from Socket, if not included in PING packet ([#10705](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10705))
+* Revert "fix: aura don't add `SystemTime::now()` ([#10720](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10720))"
+* Add a way to signal shutdown to snapshotting threads ([#10744](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10744))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.4.7](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.4.7)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.4.7-stable is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability.
+
+Among others, it enables the _Atlantis_ hardfork on **Morden** and **Kotti** Classic networks.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* [CI] allow cargo audit to fail ([#10676](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10676))
+* new image ([#10673](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10673))
+* Update publishing ([#10644](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10644))
+* enable lto for release builds ([#10717](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10717))
+* Use RUSTFLAGS to set the optimization level ([#10719](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10719))
+* ethcore: enable ECIP-1054 for classic ([#10731](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10731))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.4.6](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.4.6)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.4.6-stable is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability.
+
+Among others, it enables the Petersburg hardfork on **Rinkeby** and **POA-Core** Network, as well as the **Kovan** Network community hardfork.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* ci: publish docs debug ([#10638](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10638))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.4.5](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.4.5)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.4.5-stable is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability. This release improves memory optimizations around timestamp handling and stabilizes the 2.4 release branch.
+
+As of today, Parity-Ethereum 2.3 reaches end of life and everyone is encouraged to upgrade.
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.4.4](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.4.4)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.4.4-beta is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability. This patch release removes the dead chain configs for Easthub and Ethereum Social.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* fix(rpc-types): replace uint and hash with `ethereum_types v0.4` ([#10217](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10217))
+* chore(bump ethereum-types) ([#10396](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10396))
+* fix(light eth_gasPrice): ask network if not in cache ([#10535](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10535))
+* fix(light account response): update `tx_queue` ([#10545](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10545))
+* fix(bump dependencies) ([#10540](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10540))
+* tx-pool: check transaction readiness before replacing ([#10526](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10526))
+* fix #10390 ([#10391](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10391))
+* private-tx: replace error_chain ([#10510](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10510))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.4.3](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.4.3)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.4.3-beta is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability. This patch release contains a critical bug fix where serving light clients previously led to client crashes. Upgrading is highly recommended.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* Add additional request tests ([#10503](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10503))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.4.2](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.4.2)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.4.2-beta is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* Сaching through docker volume ([#10477](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10477))
+* fix win&mac build ([#10486](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10486))
+* fix(extract `timestamp_checked_add` as lib) ([#10383](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10383))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.4.1](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.4.1)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.4.1-beta is a bugfix release that improves performance and stability.
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* Implement parity_versionInfo & parity_setChain on LC; fix parity_setChain ([#10312](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10312))
+* CI publish to aws ([#10446](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10446))
+* CI aws git checkout ([#10451](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10451))
+* Revert "CI aws git checkout ([#10451](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10451))" (#10456)
+* Revert "CI aws git checkout ([#10451](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10451))"
+* Tests parallelized ([#10452](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10452))
+* Ensure static validator set changes are recognized ([#10467](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10467))
+
+## Parity-Ethereum [v2.4.0](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.4.0)
+
+Parity-Ethereum 2.4.0-beta is our trifortnightly minor version release coming with a lot of new features as well as bugfixes and performance improvements.
+
+Notable changes:
+- Account management is now deprecated ([#10213](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10213))
+- Local accounts can now be specified via CLI ([#9960](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9960))
+- Chains can now be reset to a particular block via CLI ([#9782](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9782))
+- Ethash now additionally implements ProgPoW ([#9762](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/9762)) 
+- The `eip1283DisableTransition` flag was added to revert EIP-1283 ([#10214](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10214))
+
+The full list of included changes:
+
+* revert some changes, could be buggy ([#10399](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10399))
+* 10000 > 5000 ([#10422](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10422))
+* fix panic when logging directory does not exist, closes #10420 ([#10424](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10424))
+* fix underflow in pip, closes #10419 ([#10423](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10423))
+* ci: clean up gitlab-ci.yml leftovers from previous merge ([#10429](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10429))
+* Update hardcoded headers for Foundation, Ropsten, Kovan and Classic ([#10417](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/pull/10417))
+
--- a/ethash/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethash/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [package]
+description = "Parity Ethereum Ethash & ProgPoW Implementations"
 name = "ethash"
 version = "1.12.0"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
@@ -26,7 +27,9 @@ bench = []
 [[bench]]
 name = "basic"
 harness = false
+required-features = ['bench']

 [[bench]]
 name = "progpow"
 harness = false
+required-features = ['bench']
--- a/ethcore/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-description = "Ethcore library"
+description = "Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Library"
 homepage = "http://parity.io"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 name = "ethcore"
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 [dependencies]
 ansi_term = "0.10"
 blooms-db = { path = "../util/blooms-db", optional = true }
-bn = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/bn", default-features = false }
 byteorder = "1.0"
 common-types = { path = "types" }
-crossbeam = "0.4"
+crossbeam-utils = "0.6"
+eip-152 = { version = "0.1", path = "../util/EIP-152" }
 env_logger = { version = "0.5", optional = true }
 error-chain = { version = "0.12", default-features = false }
 ethabi = "6.0"
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ ethabi-derive = "6.0"
 ethash = { path = "../ethash" }
 ethcore-blockchain = { path = "./blockchain" }
 ethcore-bloom-journal = { path = "../util/bloom" }
+ethcore-builtin = { path = "./builtin" }
 ethcore-call-contract = { path = "./call-contract" }
 ethcore-db = { path = "./db" }
 ethcore-io = { path = "../util/io" }
@@ -39,24 +40,21 @@ keccak-hasher = { path = "../util/keccak-hasher" }
 kvdb = "0.1"
 kvdb-memorydb = "0.1"
 kvdb-rocksdb = { version = "0.1.3", optional = true }
-lazy_static = "1.0"
+lazy_static = "1.2.0"
 len-caching-lock = { path = "../util/len-caching-lock" }
 log = "0.4"
 lru-cache = "0.1"
 macros = { path = "../util/macros" }
 memory-cache = { path = "../util/memory-cache" }
-memory-db = "0.11.0"
-num = { version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["bigint"] }
+memory-db = "0.11"
 num_cpus = "1.2"
 parity-bytes = "0.1"
-parity-crypto = "0.3.0"
-parity-machine = { path = "../machine" }
 parity-snappy = "0.1"
 parking_lot = "0.7"
 trie-db = "0.11.0"
 patricia-trie-ethereum = { path = "../util/patricia-trie-ethereum" }
 rand = "0.4"
-rayon = "1.0"
+rayon = "1.1"
 rlp = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["ethereum"] }
 rlp_derive = { path = "../util/rlp-derive" }
 rustc-hex = "1.0"
@@ -78,6 +76,7 @@ criterion = "0.2"
 env_logger = "0.5"
 ethcore-accounts = { path = "../accounts" }
 fetch = { path = "../util/fetch" }
+hex-literal = "0.2.1"
 kvdb-rocksdb = "0.1.3"
 parity-runtime = { path = "../util/runtime" }
 rlp_compress = { path = "../util/rlp-compress" }
@@ -90,7 +89,8 @@ parity = ["work-notify", "price-info", "stratum"]
 # but might be omitted for other dependent crates.
 work-notify = ["ethcore-miner/work-notify"]
 price-info = ["ethcore-miner/price-info"]
-stratum = ["ethcore-stratum"]
+stratum = [ "ethcore-stratum" ]
+

 # Disables seal verification for mined blocks.
 # This allows you to submit any seal via RPC to test and benchmark
--- a/ethcore/benches/builtin.rs
+++ b/ethcore/benches/builtin.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ extern crate criterion;

 #[macro_use]
 extern crate lazy_static;
-
+extern crate ethcore_builtin;
 extern crate ethcore;
 extern crate ethereum_types;
 extern crate parity_bytes as bytes;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ extern crate rustc_hex;

 use criterion::{Criterion, Bencher};
 use bytes::BytesRef;
-use ethcore::builtin::Builtin;
+use ethcore_builtin::Builtin;
 use ethcore::machine::EthereumMachine;
 use ethereum_types::U256;
 use ethcore::ethereum::new_byzantium_test_machine;
@@ -56,10 +56,6 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBenchmark<'a> {
 		}
 	}

-	fn gas_cost(&self) -> U256 {
-		self.builtin.cost(&self.input)
-	}
-
 	fn run(&self, b: &mut Bencher) {
 		let mut output = vec![0; self.expected.len()];

--- a/ethcore/blockchain/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/blockchain/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-description = "Ethcore blockchain database"
+description = "Parity Ethereum Blockchain Database, Test Generator, Configuration, Caching, Importing Blocks, and Block Information"
 homepage = "http://parity.io"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 name = "ethcore-blockchain"
@@ -8,26 +8,28 @@ authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 edition = "2018"

 [dependencies]
-ansi_term = "0.10"
+ansi_term = "0.11"
 blooms-db = { path = "../../util/blooms-db" }
 common-types = { path = "../types" }
 ethcore-db = { path = "../db" }
 ethereum-types = "0.4"
 heapsize = "0.4"
 itertools = "0.5"
+keccak-hash = "0.1"
 kvdb = "0.1"
 log = "0.4"
 parity-bytes = "0.1"
 parking_lot = "0.7"
-rayon = "1.0"
+rand = "0.6"
+rayon = "1.1"
 rlp = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["ethereum"] }
 rlp_compress = { path = "../../util/rlp-compress" }
 rlp_derive = { path = "../../util/rlp-derive" }
+triehash-ethereum = { version = "0.2",  path = "../../util/triehash-ethereum" }

 [dev-dependencies]
 env_logger = "0.5"
 ethkey = { path = "../../accounts/ethkey" }
-keccak-hash = "0.1"
 rustc-hex = "1.0"
 tempdir = "0.3"
 kvdb-memorydb = "0.1"
--- a/ethcore/blockchain/src/blockchain.rs
+++ b/ethcore/blockchain/src/blockchain.rs
@@ -195,6 +195,12 @@ pub trait BlockProvider {
 		where F: Fn(&LogEntry) -> bool + Send + Sync, Self: Sized;
 }

+/// Interface for querying blocks with pending db transaction by hash and by number.
+trait InTransactionBlockProvider {
+	/// Get the familial details concerning a block.
+	fn uncommitted_block_details(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<BlockDetails>;
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
 enum CacheId {
 	BlockHeader(H256),
@@ -424,6 +430,19 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 	}
 }

+impl InTransactionBlockProvider for BlockChain {
+	fn uncommitted_block_details(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<BlockDetails> {
+		let result = self.db.key_value().read_with_two_layer_cache(
+			db::COL_EXTRA,
+			&self.pending_block_details,
+			&self.block_details,
+			hash
+		)?;
+		self.cache_man.lock().note_used(CacheId::BlockDetails(*hash));
+		Some(result)
+	}
+}
+
 /// An iterator which walks the blockchain towards the genesis.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct AncestryIter<'a> {
@@ -592,7 +611,7 @@ impl BlockChain {
 			let best_block_rlp = bc.block(&best_block_hash)
 				.expect("Best block is from a known block hash; qed");

-			// and write them
+			// and write them to the cache.
 			let mut best_block = bc.best_block.write();
 			*best_block = BestBlock {
 				total_difficulty: best_block_total_difficulty,
@@ -668,21 +687,6 @@ impl BlockChain {
 		self.db.key_value().read_with_cache(db::COL_EXTRA, &self.block_details, parent).map_or(false, |d| d.children.contains(hash))
 	}

-	/// fetches the list of blocks from best block to n, and n's parent hash
-	/// where n > 0
-	pub fn block_headers_from_best_block(&self, n: u32) -> Option<(Vec<encoded::Header>, H256)> {
-		let mut blocks = Vec::with_capacity(n as usize);
-		let mut hash = self.best_block_hash();
-
-		for _ in 0..n {
-			let current_hash = self.block_header_data(&hash)?;
-			hash = current_hash.parent_hash();
-			blocks.push(current_hash);
-		}
-
-		Some((blocks, hash))
-	}
-
 	/// Returns a tree route between `from` and `to`, which is a tuple of:
 	///
 	/// - a vector of hashes of all blocks, ordered from `from` to `to`.
@@ -728,6 +732,10 @@ impl BlockChain {
 	///
 	/// If the tree route verges into pruned or unknown blocks,
 	/// `None` is returned.
+	///
+	/// `is_from_route_finalized` returns whether the `from` part of the
+	/// route contains a finalized block. This only holds if the two parts (from
+	/// and to) are on different branches, ie. on 2 different forks.
 	pub fn tree_route(&self, from: H256, to: H256) -> Option<TreeRoute> {
 		let mut from_branch = vec![];
 		let mut is_from_route_finalized = false;
@@ -741,9 +749,9 @@ impl BlockChain {
 		// reset from && to to the same level
 		while from_details.number > to_details.number {
 			from_branch.push(current_from);
+			is_from_route_finalized = is_from_route_finalized || from_details.is_finalized;
 			current_from = from_details.parent.clone();
 			from_details = self.block_details(&from_details.parent)?;
-			is_from_route_finalized = is_from_route_finalized || from_details.is_finalized;
 		}

 		while to_details.number > from_details.number {
@@ -757,9 +765,9 @@ impl BlockChain {
 		// move to shared parent
 		while current_from != current_to {
 			from_branch.push(current_from);
+			is_from_route_finalized = is_from_route_finalized || from_details.is_finalized;
 			current_from = from_details.parent.clone();
 			from_details = self.block_details(&from_details.parent)?;
-			is_from_route_finalized = is_from_route_finalized || from_details.is_finalized;

 			to_branch.push(current_to);
 			current_to = to_details.parent.clone();
@@ -806,7 +814,7 @@ impl BlockChain {
 		batch.put(db::COL_HEADERS, &hash, &compressed_header);
 		batch.put(db::COL_BODIES, &hash, &compressed_body);

-		let maybe_parent = self.block_details(&block_parent_hash);
+		let maybe_parent = self.uncommitted_block_details(&block_parent_hash);

 		if let Some(parent_details) = maybe_parent {
 			// parent known to be in chain.
@@ -869,6 +877,33 @@ impl BlockChain {
 		}
 	}

+	/// clears all caches, re-loads best block from disk for testing purposes
+	pub fn clear_cache(&self) {
+		self.block_bodies.write().clear();
+		self.block_details.write().clear();
+		self.block_hashes.write().clear();
+		self.block_headers.write().clear();
+		// Fetch best block details from disk
+		let best_block_hash = self.db.key_value().get(db::COL_EXTRA, b"best")
+			.expect("Low-level database error when fetching 'best' block. Some issue with disk?")
+			.as_ref()
+			.map(|r| H256::from_slice(r))
+			.unwrap();
+		let best_block_total_difficulty = self.block_details(&best_block_hash)
+			.expect("Best block is from a known block hash; a known block hash always comes with a known block detail; qed")
+			.total_difficulty;
+		let best_block_rlp = self.block(&best_block_hash)
+			.expect("Best block is from a known block hash; qed");
+
+		// and write them to the cache
+		let mut best_block = self.best_block.write();
+		*best_block = BestBlock {
+			total_difficulty: best_block_total_difficulty,
+			header: best_block_rlp.decode_header(),
+			block: best_block_rlp,
+		};
+	}
+
 	/// Update the best ancient block to the given hash, after checking that
 	/// it's directly linked to the currently known best ancient block
 	pub fn update_best_ancient_block(&self, hash: &H256) {
@@ -1036,7 +1071,7 @@ impl BlockChain {
 	///
 	/// Used in snapshots to glue the chunks together at the end.
 	pub fn add_child(&self, batch: &mut DBTransaction, block_hash: H256, child_hash: H256) {
-		let mut parent_details = self.block_details(&block_hash)
+		let mut parent_details = self.uncommitted_block_details(&block_hash)
 			.unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Invalid block hash: {:?}", block_hash));

 		parent_details.children.push(child_hash);
@@ -1143,7 +1178,7 @@ impl BlockChain {
 	/// Mark a block to be considered finalized. Returns `Some(())` if the operation succeeds, and `None` if the block
 	/// hash is not found.
 	pub fn mark_finalized(&self, batch: &mut DBTransaction, block_hash: H256) -> Option<()> {
-		let mut block_details = self.block_details(&block_hash)?;
+		let mut block_details = self.uncommitted_block_details(&block_hash)?;
 		block_details.is_finalized = true;

 		self.update_block_details(batch, block_hash, block_details);
@@ -1336,7 +1371,7 @@ impl BlockChain {
 	/// Uses the given parent details or attempts to load them from the database.
 	fn prepare_block_details_update(&self, parent_hash: H256, info: &BlockInfo, is_finalized: bool) -> HashMap<H256, BlockDetails> {
 		// update parent
-		let mut parent_details = self.block_details(&parent_hash).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Invalid parent hash: {:?}", parent_hash));
+		let mut parent_details = self.uncommitted_block_details(&parent_hash).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Invalid parent hash: {:?}", parent_hash));
 		parent_details.children.push(info.hash);

 		// create current block details.
@@ -1641,7 +1676,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let fork_choice = {
 			let header = block.header_view();
 			let parent_hash = header.parent_hash();
-			let parent_details = bc.block_details(&parent_hash).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Invalid parent hash: {:?}", parent_hash));
+			let parent_details = bc.uncommitted_block_details(&parent_hash).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Invalid parent hash: {:?}", parent_hash));
 			let block_total_difficulty = parent_details.total_difficulty + header.difficulty();
 			if block_total_difficulty > bc.best_block_total_difficulty() {
 				common_types::engines::ForkChoice::New
@@ -2498,4 +2533,74 @@ mod tests {
 			assert_eq!(bc.epoch_transition_for(fork_hash).unwrap().block_number, 0);
 		}
 	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn tree_rout_with_finalization() {
+		let genesis = BlockBuilder::genesis();
+		let a = genesis.add_block();
+		// First branch
+		let a1 = a.add_block_with_random_transactions();
+		let a2 = a1.add_block_with_random_transactions();
+		let a3 = a2.add_block_with_random_transactions();
+		// Second branch
+		let b1 = a.add_block_with_random_transactions();
+		let b2 = b1.add_block_with_random_transactions();
+
+		let a_hash = a.last().hash();
+		let a1_hash = a1.last().hash();
+		let a2_hash = a2.last().hash();
+		let a3_hash = a3.last().hash();
+		let b2_hash = b2.last().hash();
+
+		let bootstrap_chain = |blocks: Vec<&BlockBuilder>| {
+			let db = new_db();
+			let bc = new_chain(genesis.last().encoded(), db.clone());
+			let mut batch = db.key_value().transaction();
+			for block in blocks {
+				insert_block_batch(&mut batch, &bc, block.last().encoded(), vec![]);
+				bc.commit();
+			}
+			db.key_value().write(batch).unwrap();
+			(db, bc)
+		};
+
+		let mark_finalized = |block_hash: H256, db: &Arc<dyn BlockChainDB>, bc: &BlockChain| {
+			let mut batch = db.key_value().transaction();
+			bc.mark_finalized(&mut batch, block_hash).unwrap();
+			bc.commit();
+			db.key_value().write(batch).unwrap();
+		};
+
+		// Case 1: fork, with finalized common ancestor
+		{
+			let (db, bc) = bootstrap_chain(vec![&a, &a1, &a2, &a3, &b1, &b2]);
+			assert_eq!(bc.best_block_hash(), a3_hash);
+			assert_eq!(bc.block_hash(2).unwrap(), a1_hash);
+
+			mark_finalized(a_hash, &db, &bc);
+			assert!(!bc.tree_route(a3_hash, b2_hash).unwrap().is_from_route_finalized);
+			assert!(!bc.tree_route(b2_hash, a3_hash).unwrap().is_from_route_finalized);
+		}
+
+		// Case 2: fork with a finalized block on a branch
+		{
+			let (db, bc) = bootstrap_chain(vec![&a, &a1, &a2, &a3, &b1, &b2]);
+			assert_eq!(bc.best_block_hash(), a3_hash);
+			assert_eq!(bc.block_hash(2).unwrap(), a1_hash);
+
+			mark_finalized(a2_hash, &db, &bc);
+			assert!(bc.tree_route(a3_hash, b2_hash).unwrap().is_from_route_finalized);
+			assert!(!bc.tree_route(b2_hash, a3_hash).unwrap().is_from_route_finalized);
+		}
+
+		// Case 3: no-fork, with a finalized block
+		{
+			let (db, bc) = bootstrap_chain(vec![&a, &a1, &a2]);
+			assert_eq!(bc.best_block_hash(), a2_hash);
+
+			mark_finalized(a1_hash, &db, &bc);
+			assert!(!bc.tree_route(a1_hash, a2_hash).unwrap().is_from_route_finalized);
+			assert!(!bc.tree_route(a2_hash, a1_hash).unwrap().is_from_route_finalized);
+		}
+	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/blockchain/src/generator.rs
+++ b/ethcore/blockchain/src/generator.rs
@@ -21,11 +21,13 @@ use ethereum_types::{U256, H256, Bloom};

 use common_types::encoded;
 use common_types::header::Header;
-use common_types::transaction::SignedTransaction;
+use common_types::transaction::{SignedTransaction, Transaction, Action};
 use common_types::view;
 use common_types::views::BlockView;
+use keccak_hash::keccak;
 use rlp::encode;
 use rlp_derive::RlpEncodable;
+use triehash_ethereum::ordered_trie_root;

 /// Helper structure, used for encoding blocks.
 #[derive(Default, Clone, RlpEncodable)]
@@ -136,6 +138,29 @@ impl BlockBuilder {
 		})
 	}

+	/// Add a block with randomly generated transactions.
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn add_block_with_random_transactions(&self) -> Self {
+		// Maximum of ~50 transactions
+		let count = rand::random::<u8>() as usize / 5;
+		let transactions = std::iter::repeat_with(|| {
+			let data_len = rand::random::<u8>();
+			let data = std::iter::repeat_with(|| rand::random::<u8>())
+				.take(data_len as usize)
+				.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+			Transaction {
+				nonce: 0.into(),
+				gas_price: 0.into(),
+				gas: 100_000.into(),
+				action: Action::Create,
+				value: 100.into(),
+				data,
+			}.sign(&keccak("").into(), None)
+		}).take(count);
+
+		self.add_block_with_transactions(transactions)
+	}
+
 	/// Add a block with given transactions.
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn add_block_with_transactions<T>(&self, transactions: T) -> Self
@@ -166,11 +191,15 @@ impl BlockBuilder {
 			let mut block = Block::default();
 			let metadata = get_metadata();
 			let block_number = parent_number + 1;
+			let transactions = metadata.transactions;
+			let transactions_root = ordered_trie_root(transactions.iter().map(rlp::encode));
+
 			block.header.set_parent_hash(parent_hash);
 			block.header.set_number(block_number);
 			block.header.set_log_bloom(metadata.bloom);
 			block.header.set_difficulty(metadata.difficulty);
-			block.transactions = metadata.transactions;
+			block.header.set_transactions_root(transactions_root);
+			block.transactions = transactions;

 			parent_hash = block.hash();
 			parent_number = block_number;
--- a/ethcore/builtin/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/builtin/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[package]
+description = "ethereum vm builtin"
+name = "ethcore-builtin"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
+bn = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/bn", default-features = false }
+byteorder = "1.3.2"
+eip-152 = { path = "../../util/EIP-152" }
+ethereum-types = "0.4"
+ethjson = { path = "../../json" }
+ethkey = { path = "../../accounts/ethkey" }
+keccak-hash = "0.1.0"
+log = "0.4"
+macros = { path = "../../util/macros" }
+num = { version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["bigint"] }
+parity-bytes = "0.1"
+parity-crypto = "0.4.0"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+hex-literal = "0.2.1"
--- a/ethcore/builtin/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/builtin/src/lib.rs
--- a/ethcore/call-contract/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/call-contract/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [package]
+description = "Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Contract Calls and Blockchain Service & Registry Information"
 name = "ethcore-call-contract"
 version = "0.1.0"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
--- a/ethcore/db/src/db.rs
+++ b/ethcore/db/src/db.rs
@@ -188,6 +188,21 @@ pub trait Readable {
 		})
 	}

+	/// Returns value for given key either in two-layered cache or in database.
+	fn read_with_two_layer_cache<K, T, C>(&self, col: Option<u32>, l1_cache: &RwLock<C>, l2_cache: &RwLock<C>, key: &K) -> Option<T> where
+		K: Key<T> + Eq + Hash + Clone,
+		T: Clone + rlp::Decodable,
+		C: Cache<K, T> {
+		{
+			let read = l1_cache.read();
+			if let Some(v) = read.get(key) {
+				return Some(v.clone());
+			}
+		}
+
+		self.read_with_cache(col, l2_cache, key)
+	}
+
 	/// Returns true if given value exists.
 	fn exists<T, R>(&self, col: Option<u32>, key: &Key<T, Target = R>) -> bool where R: Deref<Target= [u8]>;

--- a/ethcore/evm/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/evm/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [package]
+description = "Parity Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) Rust Implementation"
 name = "evm"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ num-bigint = "0.2"
 [dev-dependencies]
 rustc-hex = "1.0"
 criterion = "0.2"
+hex-literal = "0.2.0"

 [features]
 evm-debug = []
--- a/ethcore/evm/src/evm.rs
+++ b/ethcore/evm/src/evm.rs
@@ -44,12 +44,18 @@ pub trait Finalize {
 impl Finalize for Result<GasLeft> {
 	fn finalize<E: Ext>(self, ext: E) -> Result<FinalizationResult> {
 		match self {
-			Ok(GasLeft::Known(gas_left)) => Ok(FinalizationResult { gas_left: gas_left, apply_state: true, return_data: ReturnData::empty() }),
-			Ok(GasLeft::NeedsReturn { gas_left, data, apply_state }) => ext.ret(&gas_left, &data, apply_state).map(|gas_left| FinalizationResult {
-				gas_left: gas_left,
-				apply_state: apply_state,
-				return_data: data,
-			}),
+			Ok(GasLeft::Known(gas_left)) => {
+				Ok(FinalizationResult {
+					gas_left,
+					apply_state: true,
+					return_data: ReturnData::empty()
+				})
+			},
+			Ok(GasLeft::NeedsReturn { gas_left, data, apply_state }) => {
+				ext.ret(&gas_left, &data, apply_state).map(|gas_left|
+					FinalizationResult { gas_left, apply_state, return_data: data }
+				)
+			},
 			Err(err) => Err(err),
 		}
 	}
--- a/ethcore/evm/src/factory.rs
+++ b/ethcore/evm/src/factory.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl Factory {
 	/// for caching jump destinations.
 	pub fn new(evm: VMType, cache_size: usize) -> Self {
 		Factory {
-			evm: evm,
+			evm,
 			evm_cache: Arc::new(SharedCache::new(cache_size)),
 		}
 	}
--- a/ethcore/evm/src/instructions.rs
+++ b/ethcore/evm/src/instructions.rs
@@ -149,6 +149,10 @@ enum_with_from_u8! {
 		DIFFICULTY = 0x44,
 		#[doc = "get the block's gas limit"]
 		GASLIMIT = 0x45,
+		#[doc = "get chain ID"]
+		CHAINID = 0x46,
+		#[doc = "get balance of own account"]
+		SELFBALANCE = 0x47,

 		#[doc = "remove item from stack"]
 		POP = 0x50,
@@ -442,12 +446,7 @@ pub struct InstructionInfo {
 impl InstructionInfo {
 	/// Create new instruction info.
 	pub fn new(name: &'static str, args: usize, ret: usize, tier: GasPriceTier) -> Self {
-		InstructionInfo {
-			name: name,
-			args: args,
-			ret: ret,
-			tier: tier
-		}
+		InstructionInfo { name, args, ret, tier }
 	}
 }

@@ -504,6 +503,8 @@ lazy_static! {
 		arr[NUMBER as usize] = Some(InstructionInfo::new("NUMBER", 0, 1, GasPriceTier::Base));
 		arr[DIFFICULTY as usize] = Some(InstructionInfo::new("DIFFICULTY", 0, 1, GasPriceTier::Base));
 		arr[GASLIMIT as usize] = Some(InstructionInfo::new("GASLIMIT", 0, 1, GasPriceTier::Base));
+		arr[CHAINID as usize] = Some(InstructionInfo::new("CHAINID", 0, 1, GasPriceTier::Base));
+		arr[SELFBALANCE as usize] = Some(InstructionInfo::new("SELFBALANCE", 0, 1, GasPriceTier::Low));
 		arr[POP as usize] = Some(InstructionInfo::new("POP", 1, 0, GasPriceTier::Base));
 		arr[MLOAD as usize] = Some(InstructionInfo::new("MLOAD", 1, 1, GasPriceTier::VeryLow));
 		arr[MSTORE as usize] = Some(InstructionInfo::new("MSTORE", 2, 0, GasPriceTier::VeryLow));
--- a/ethcore/evm/src/interpreter/gasometer.rs
+++ b/ethcore/evm/src/interpreter/gasometer.rs
@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ impl<Gas: evm::CostType> Gasometer<Gas> {
 				Request::Gas(Gas::from(1))
 			},
 			instructions::SSTORE => {
+				if schedule.eip1706 && self.current_gas <= Gas::from(schedule.call_stipend) {
+					return Err(vm::Error::OutOfGas);
+				}
 				let address = H256::from(stack.peek(0));
 				let newval = stack.peek(1);
 				let val = U256::from(&*ext.storage_at(&address)?);
--- a/ethcore/evm/src/interpreter/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/evm/src/interpreter/mod.rs
@@ -119,8 +119,6 @@ enum InstructionResult<Gas> {
 	Trap(TrapKind),
 }

-enum Never {}
-
 /// ActionParams without code, so that it can be feed into CodeReader.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct InterpreterParams {
@@ -178,12 +176,6 @@ pub enum InterpreterResult {
 	Trap(TrapKind),
 }

-impl From<vm::Error> for InterpreterResult {
-	fn from(error: vm::Error) -> InterpreterResult {
-		InterpreterResult::Done(Err(error))
-	}
-}
-
 /// Intepreter EVM implementation
 pub struct Interpreter<Cost: CostType> {
 	mem: Vec<u8>,
@@ -294,6 +286,8 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 			cache, params, reader, informant,
 			valid_jump_destinations, gasometer, stack,
 			done: false,
+			// Overridden in `step_inner` based on
+			// the result of `ext.trace_next_instruction`.
 			do_trace: true,
 			mem: Vec::new(),
 			return_data: ReturnData::empty(),
@@ -314,21 +308,26 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 		let result = if self.gasometer.is_none() {
 			InterpreterResult::Done(Err(vm::Error::OutOfGas))
 		} else if self.reader.len() == 0 {
-			InterpreterResult::Done(Ok(GasLeft::Known(self.gasometer.as_ref().expect("Gasometer None case is checked above; qed").current_gas.as_u256())))
+			let current_gas = self.gasometer
+				.as_ref()
+				.expect("Gasometer None case is checked above; qed")
+				.current_gas
+				.as_u256();
+			InterpreterResult::Done(Ok(GasLeft::Known(current_gas)))
 		} else {
-			self.step_inner(ext).err().expect("step_inner never returns Ok(()); qed")
+			self.step_inner(ext)
 		};

 		if let &InterpreterResult::Done(_) = &result {
 			self.done = true;
 			self.informant.done();
 		}
-		return result;
+		result
 	}

 	/// Inner helper function for step.
 	#[inline(always)]
-	fn step_inner(&mut self, ext: &mut vm::Ext) -> Result<Never, InterpreterResult> {
+	fn step_inner(&mut self, ext: &mut dyn vm::Ext) -> InterpreterResult {
 		let result = match self.resume_result.take() {
 			Some(result) => result,
 			None => {
@@ -343,22 +342,31 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {

 				let instruction = match instruction {
 					Some(i) => i,
-					None => return Err(InterpreterResult::Done(Err(vm::Error::BadInstruction {
+					None => return InterpreterResult::Done(Err(vm::Error::BadInstruction {
 						instruction: opcode
-					}))),
+					})),
 				};

 				let info = instruction.info();
 				self.last_stack_ret_len = info.ret;
-				self.verify_instruction(ext, instruction, info)?;
+				if let Err(e) = self.verify_instruction(ext, instruction, info) {
+					return InterpreterResult::Done(Err(e));
+				};

 				// Calculate gas cost
-				let requirements = self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).requirements(ext, instruction, info, &self.stack, self.mem.size())?;
+				let requirements = match self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).requirements(ext, instruction, info, &self.stack, self.mem.size()) {
+					Ok(t) => t,
+					Err(e) => return InterpreterResult::Done(Err(e)),
+				};
 				if self.do_trace {
 					ext.trace_prepare_execute(self.reader.position - 1, opcode, requirements.gas_cost.as_u256(), Self::mem_written(instruction, &self.stack), Self::store_written(instruction, &self.stack));
 				}
-
-				self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).verify_gas(&requirements.gas_cost)?;
+				if let Err(e) = self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).verify_gas(&requirements.gas_cost) {
+					if self.do_trace {
+						ext.trace_failed();
+					}
+					return InterpreterResult::Done(Err(e));
+				}
 				self.mem.expand(requirements.memory_required_size);
 				self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).current_mem_gas = requirements.memory_total_gas;
 				self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).current_gas = self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).current_gas - requirements.gas_cost;
@@ -367,18 +375,24 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {

 				// Execute instruction
 				let current_gas = self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).current_gas;
-				let result = self.exec_instruction(
+				let result = match self.exec_instruction(
 					current_gas, ext, instruction, requirements.provide_gas
-				)?;
-
+				) {
+					Err(x) => {
+						if self.do_trace {
+							ext.trace_failed();
+						}
+						return InterpreterResult::Done(Err(x));
+					},
+					Ok(x) => x,
+				};
 				evm_debug!({ self.informant.after_instruction(instruction) });
-
 				result
 			},
 		};

 		if let InstructionResult::Trap(trap) = result {
-			return Err(InterpreterResult::Trap(trap));
+			return InterpreterResult::Trap(trap);
 		}

 		if let InstructionResult::UnusedGas(ref gas) = result {
@@ -400,28 +414,31 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 					self.valid_jump_destinations = Some(self.cache.jump_destinations(&self.params.code_hash, &self.reader.code));
 				}
 				let jump_destinations = self.valid_jump_destinations.as_ref().expect("jump_destinations are initialized on first jump; qed");
-				let pos = self.verify_jump(position, jump_destinations)?;
+				let pos = match self.verify_jump(position, jump_destinations) {
+					Ok(x) => x,
+					Err(e) => return InterpreterResult::Done(Err(e))
+				};
 				self.reader.position = pos;
 			},
 			InstructionResult::StopExecutionNeedsReturn {gas, init_off, init_size, apply} => {
 				let mem = mem::replace(&mut self.mem, Vec::new());
-				return Err(InterpreterResult::Done(Ok(GasLeft::NeedsReturn {
+				return InterpreterResult::Done(Ok(GasLeft::NeedsReturn {
 					gas_left: gas.as_u256(),
 					data: mem.into_return_data(init_off, init_size),
 					apply_state: apply
-				})));
+				}));
 			},
 			InstructionResult::StopExecution => {
-				return Err(InterpreterResult::Done(Ok(GasLeft::Known(self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).current_gas.as_u256()))));
+				return InterpreterResult::Done(Ok(GasLeft::Known(self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).current_gas.as_u256())));
 			},
 			_ => {},
 		}

 		if self.reader.position >= self.reader.len() {
-			return Err(InterpreterResult::Done(Ok(GasLeft::Known(self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).current_gas.as_u256()))));
+			return InterpreterResult::Done(Ok(GasLeft::Known(self.gasometer.as_mut().expect(GASOMETER_PROOF).current_gas.as_u256())));
 		}

-		Err(InterpreterResult::Continue)
+		InterpreterResult::Continue
 	}

 	fn verify_instruction(&self, ext: &vm::Ext, instruction: Instruction, info: &InstructionInfo) -> vm::Result<()> {
@@ -433,7 +450,9 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 			((instruction == instructions::RETURNDATACOPY || instruction == instructions::RETURNDATASIZE) && !schedule.have_return_data) ||
 			(instruction == instructions::REVERT && !schedule.have_revert) ||
 			((instruction == instructions::SHL || instruction == instructions::SHR || instruction == instructions::SAR) && !schedule.have_bitwise_shifting) ||
-			(instruction == instructions::EXTCODEHASH && !schedule.have_extcodehash)
+			(instruction == instructions::EXTCODEHASH && !schedule.have_extcodehash) ||
+			(instruction == instructions::CHAINID && !schedule.have_chain_id) ||
+			(instruction == instructions::SELFBALANCE && !schedule.have_selfbalance)
 		{
 			return Err(vm::Error::BadInstruction {
 				instruction: instruction as u8
@@ -848,6 +867,12 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 			instructions::GASLIMIT => {
 				self.stack.push(ext.env_info().gas_limit.clone());
 			},
+			instructions::CHAINID => {
+				self.stack.push(ext.chain_id().into())
+			},
+			instructions::SELFBALANCE => {
+				self.stack.push(ext.balance(&self.params.address)?);
+			}

 			// Stack instructions

--- a/ethcore/evm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/evm/src/lib.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ extern crate log;

 #[cfg(test)]
 extern crate rustc_hex;
+#[cfg(test)]
+extern crate hex_literal;

 pub mod evm;
 pub mod interpreter;
--- a/ethcore/evm/src/tests.rs
+++ b/ethcore/evm/src/tests.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use vm::{self, ActionParams, ActionValue, Ext};
 use vm::tests::{FakeExt, FakeCall, FakeCallType, test_finalize};
 use factory::Factory;
 use vmtype::VMType;
+use hex_literal::hex;

 evm_test!{test_add: test_add_int}
 fn test_add(factory: super::Factory) {
@@ -108,6 +109,32 @@ fn test_origin(factory: super::Factory) {
 	assert_store(&ext, 0, "000000000000000000000000cd1722f2947def4cf144679da39c4c32bdc35681");
 }

+evm_test!{test_selfbalance: test_selfbalance_int}
+fn test_selfbalance(factory: super::Factory) {
+	let own_addr = Address::from_str("1337000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap();
+	// 47       SELFBALANCE
+	// 60 ff    PUSH ff
+	// 55       SSTORE
+	let code = hex!("47 60 ff 55").to_vec();
+
+	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
+	params.address = own_addr.clone();
+	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
+	let mut ext = FakeExt::new_istanbul();
+	ext.balances = {
+		let mut x = HashMap::new();
+		x.insert(own_addr, U256::from(1_025)); // 0x401
+		x
+	};
+	let gas_left = {
+		let vm = factory.create(params, ext.schedule(), ext.depth());
+		test_finalize(vm.exec(&mut ext).ok().unwrap()).unwrap()
+	};
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_992)); // TODO[dvdplm]: do the sums here, SELFBALANCE-5 + PUSH1-3 + ONEBYTE-4 + SSTORE-?? = 100_000 - 79_992
+	assert_store(&ext, 0xff, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000401");
+}
+
 evm_test!{test_sender: test_sender_int}
 fn test_sender(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let address = Address::from_str("0f572e5295c57f15886f9b263e2f6d2d6c7b5ec6").unwrap();
@@ -130,6 +157,27 @@ fn test_sender(factory: super::Factory) {
 	assert_store(&ext, 0, "000000000000000000000000cd1722f2947def4cf144679da39c4c32bdc35681");
 }

+evm_test!{test_chain_id: test_chain_id_int}
+fn test_chain_id(factory: super::Factory) {
+	// 46       CHAINID
+	// 60 00    PUSH 0
+	// 55       SSTORE
+	let code = hex!("46 60 00 55").to_vec();
+
+	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
+	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
+	let mut ext = FakeExt::new_istanbul().with_chain_id(9);
+
+	let gas_left = {
+		let vm = factory.create(params, ext.schedule(), ext.depth());
+		test_finalize(vm.exec(&mut ext).ok().unwrap()).unwrap()
+	};
+
+	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_995));
+	assert_store(&ext, 0, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009");
+}
+
 evm_test!{test_extcodecopy: test_extcodecopy_int}
 fn test_extcodecopy(factory: super::Factory) {
 		// 33 - sender
@@ -262,7 +310,6 @@ fn test_calldataload(factory: super::Factory) {

 	assert_eq!(gas_left, U256::from(79_991));
 	assert_store(&ext, 0, "23ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff23");
-
 }

 evm_test!{test_author: test_author_int}
--- a/ethcore/light/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/light/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-description = "Parity Light Client Implementation"
+description = "Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Light Client Implementation (Block Import IO Service, Blockchain Data Fetching, Light Client Header Chain Storage, Parity Light Protocol (PLP) Provider, Light Transaction Queue, CHT Definitions, Light Client Data Cache), Parity Light Protocol (PLP) Implementation, P2P Network I/O and Event Context Generalization, Peer Error Handling & Punishment, Request Load Timer & Distribution Manager, Pending Request Set Storage, Request Credit Management, Light Client Request Types, Request Chain Builder Utility, On-demand Chain Request Service over LES (for RPCs), ResponseGuard Implementation)"
 homepage = "http://parity.io"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 name = "ethcore-light"
--- a/ethcore/light/src/client/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/light/src/client/mod.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@

 use std::sync::{Weak, Arc};

-use ethcore::client::{ClientReport, EnvInfo, ClientIoMessage};
+use ethcore::client::{ClientReport, EnvInfo, ClientIoMessage, traits::ForceUpdateSealing};
 use ethcore::engines::{epoch, EthEngine, EpochChange, EpochTransition, Proof};
 use ethcore::machine::EthereumMachine;
 use ethcore::error::{Error, EthcoreResult};
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ impl<T: ChainDataFetcher> ::ethcore::client::ChainInfo for Client<T> {
 }

 impl<T: ChainDataFetcher> ::ethcore::client::EngineClient for Client<T> {
-	fn update_sealing(&self) { }
+	fn update_sealing(&self, _force: ForceUpdateSealing) {}
 	fn submit_seal(&self, _block_hash: H256, _seal: Vec<Vec<u8>>) { }
 	fn broadcast_consensus_message(&self, _message: Vec<u8>) { }

--- a/ethcore/light/src/on_demand/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/light/src/on_demand/mod.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;

-use ethcore::executed::{Executed, ExecutionError};
 use futures::{Poll, Future, Async};
 use futures::sync::oneshot::{self, Receiver};
 use network::PeerId;
@@ -41,10 +40,10 @@ use cache::Cache;
 use request::{self as basic_request, Request as NetworkRequest};
 use self::request::CheckedRequest;

+pub use ethcore::executed::ExecutionResult;
 pub use self::request::{Request, Response, HeaderRef, Error as ValidityError};
 pub use self::request_guard::{RequestGuard, Error as RequestError};
 pub use self::response_guard::{ResponseGuard, Error as ResponseGuardError, Inner as ResponseGuardInner};
-
 pub use types::request::ResponseError;

 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -54,9 +53,6 @@ pub mod request;
 mod request_guard;
 mod response_guard;

-/// The result of execution
-pub type ExecutionResult = Result<Executed, ExecutionError>;
-
 /// The initial backoff interval for OnDemand queries
 pub const DEFAULT_REQUEST_MIN_BACKOFF_DURATION: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
 /// The maximum request interval for OnDemand queries
@@ -70,6 +66,10 @@ pub const DEFAULT_NUM_CONSECUTIVE_FAILED_REQUESTS: usize = 1;

 /// OnDemand related errors
 pub mod error {
+	// Silence: `use of deprecated item 'std::error::Error::cause': replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting`
+	// https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/issues/10302
+	#![allow(deprecated)]
+
 	use futures::sync::oneshot::Canceled;

 	error_chain! {
@@ -94,6 +94,24 @@ pub mod error {
 	}
 }

+/// Public interface for performing network requests `OnDemand`
+pub trait OnDemandRequester: Send + Sync {
+	/// Submit a strongly-typed batch of requests.
+	///
+	/// Fails if back-reference are not coherent.
+	fn request<T>(&self, ctx: &BasicContext, requests: T) -> Result<OnResponses<T>, basic_request::NoSuchOutput>
+	where
+		T: request::RequestAdapter;
+
+	/// Submit a vector of requests to be processed together.
+	///
+	/// Fails if back-references are not coherent.
+	/// The returned vector of responses will correspond to the requests exactly.
+	fn request_raw(&self, ctx: &BasicContext, requests: Vec<Request>)
+		-> Result<Receiver<PendingResponse>, basic_request::NoSuchOutput>;
+}
+
+
 // relevant peer info.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 struct Peer {
@@ -355,6 +373,74 @@ pub struct OnDemand {
 	request_number_of_consecutive_errors: usize
 }

+impl OnDemandRequester for OnDemand {
+	fn request_raw(&self, ctx: &BasicContext, requests: Vec<Request>)
+		-> Result<Receiver<PendingResponse>, basic_request::NoSuchOutput>
+	{
+		let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
+		if requests.is_empty() {
+			assert!(sender.send(Ok(Vec::new())).is_ok(), "receiver still in scope; qed");
+			return Ok(receiver);
+		}
+
+		let mut builder = basic_request::Builder::default();
+
+		let responses = Vec::with_capacity(requests.len());
+
+		let mut header_producers = HashMap::new();
+		for (i, request) in requests.into_iter().enumerate() {
+			let request = CheckedRequest::from(request);
+
+			// ensure that all requests needing headers will get them.
+			if let Some((idx, field)) = request.needs_header() {
+				// a request chain with a header back-reference is valid only if it both
+				// points to a request that returns a header and has the same back-reference
+				// for the block hash.
+				match header_producers.get(&idx) {
+					Some(ref f) if &field == *f => {}
+					_ => return Err(basic_request::NoSuchOutput),
+				}
+			}
+			if let CheckedRequest::HeaderByHash(ref req, _) = request {
+				header_producers.insert(i, req.0);
+			}
+
+			builder.push(request)?;
+		}
+
+		let requests = builder.build();
+		let net_requests = requests.clone().map_requests(|req| req.into_net_request());
+		let capabilities = guess_capabilities(requests.requests());
+
+		self.submit_pending(ctx, Pending {
+			requests,
+			net_requests,
+			required_capabilities: capabilities,
+			responses,
+			sender,
+			request_guard: RequestGuard::new(
+				self.request_number_of_consecutive_errors as u32,
+				self.request_backoff_rounds_max,
+				self.request_backoff_start,
+				self.request_backoff_max,
+			),
+			response_guard: ResponseGuard::new(self.response_time_window),
+		});
+
+		Ok(receiver)
+	}
+
+	fn request<T>(&self, ctx: &BasicContext, requests: T) -> Result<OnResponses<T>, basic_request::NoSuchOutput>
+		where T: request::RequestAdapter
+	{
+		self.request_raw(ctx, requests.make_requests()).map(|recv| OnResponses {
+			receiver: recv,
+			_marker: PhantomData,
+		})
+	}
+
+}
+
 impl OnDemand {

 	/// Create a new `OnDemand` service with the given cache.
@@ -415,77 +501,6 @@ impl OnDemand {
 		me
 	}

-	/// Submit a vector of requests to be processed together.
-	///
-	/// Fails if back-references are not coherent.
-	/// The returned vector of responses will correspond to the requests exactly.
-	pub fn request_raw(&self, ctx: &BasicContext, requests: Vec<Request>)
-		-> Result<Receiver<PendingResponse>, basic_request::NoSuchOutput>
-	{
-		let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
-		if requests.is_empty() {
-			assert!(sender.send(Ok(Vec::new())).is_ok(), "receiver still in scope; qed");
-			return Ok(receiver);
-		}
-
-		let mut builder = basic_request::Builder::default();
-
-		let responses = Vec::with_capacity(requests.len());
-
-		let mut header_producers = HashMap::new();
-		for (i, request) in requests.into_iter().enumerate() {
-			let request = CheckedRequest::from(request);
-
-			// ensure that all requests needing headers will get them.
-			if let Some((idx, field)) = request.needs_header() {
-				// a request chain with a header back-reference is valid only if it both
-				// points to a request that returns a header and has the same back-reference
-				// for the block hash.
-				match header_producers.get(&idx) {
-					Some(ref f) if &field == *f => {}
-					_ => return Err(basic_request::NoSuchOutput),
-				}
-			}
-			if let CheckedRequest::HeaderByHash(ref req, _) = request {
-				header_producers.insert(i, req.0);
-			}
-
-			builder.push(request)?;
-		}
-
-		let requests = builder.build();
-		let net_requests = requests.clone().map_requests(|req| req.into_net_request());
-		let capabilities = guess_capabilities(requests.requests());
-
-		self.submit_pending(ctx, Pending {
-			requests,
-			net_requests,
-			required_capabilities: capabilities,
-			responses,
-			sender,
-			request_guard: RequestGuard::new(
-				self.request_number_of_consecutive_errors as u32,
-				self.request_backoff_rounds_max,
-				self.request_backoff_start,
-				self.request_backoff_max,
-			),
-			response_guard: ResponseGuard::new(self.response_time_window),
-		});
-
-		Ok(receiver)
-	}
-
-	/// Submit a strongly-typed batch of requests.
-	///
-	/// Fails if back-reference are not coherent.
-	pub fn request<T>(&self, ctx: &BasicContext, requests: T) -> Result<OnResponses<T>, basic_request::NoSuchOutput>
-		where T: request::RequestAdapter
-	{
-		self.request_raw(ctx, requests.make_requests()).map(|recv| OnResponses {
-			receiver: recv,
-			_marker: PhantomData,
-		})
-	}

 	// maybe dispatch pending requests.
 	// sometimes
--- a/ethcore/light/src/on_demand/tests.rs
+++ b/ethcore/light/src/on_demand/tests.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use std::thread;

-use super::{request, OnDemand, Peer, HeaderRef};
+use super::{request, OnDemand, OnDemandRequester, Peer, HeaderRef};

 // useful contexts to give the service.
 enum Context {
--- a/ethcore/light/src/types/request/batch.rs
+++ b/ethcore/light/src/types/request/batch.rs
@@ -275,8 +275,7 @@ mod tests {
 	}

 	#[test]
-	#[should_panic]
-	fn batch_tx_index_backreference_wrong_output() {
+	fn batch_tx_index_backreference_public_api() {
 		let mut builder = Builder::default();
 		builder.push(Request::HeaderProof(IncompleteHeaderProofRequest {
 			num: 100.into(), // header proof puts hash at output 0.
@@ -286,11 +285,16 @@ mod tests {
 		})).unwrap();

 		let mut batch = builder.build();
-		batch.requests[1].fill(|_req_idx, _out_idx| Ok(Output::Number(42)));

-		batch.next_complete();
-		batch.answered += 1;
-		batch.next_complete();
+		assert!(batch.next_complete().is_some());
+		let hdr_proof_res = header_proof::Response {
+			proof: vec![],
+			hash: 12.into(),
+			td: 21.into(),
+		};
+		batch.supply_response_unchecked(&hdr_proof_res);
+
+		assert!(batch.next_complete().is_some());
 	}

 	#[test]
@@ -310,23 +314,4 @@ mod tests {
 		batch.answered += 1;
 		assert!(batch.next_complete().is_some());
 	}
-
-	#[test]
-	#[should_panic]
-	fn batch_receipts_backreference_wrong_output() {
-		let mut builder = Builder::default();
-		builder.push(Request::HeaderProof(IncompleteHeaderProofRequest {
-			num: 100.into(), // header proof puts hash at output 0.
-		})).unwrap();
-		builder.push(Request::Receipts(IncompleteReceiptsRequest {
-			hash: Field::BackReference(0, 0),
-		})).unwrap();
-
-		let mut batch = builder.build();
-		batch.requests[1].fill(|_req_idx, _out_idx| Ok(Output::Number(42)));
-
-		batch.next_complete();
-		batch.answered += 1;
-		batch.next_complete();
-	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/node-filter/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/node-filter/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-description = "Parity smart network connections"
+description = "Parity Smart Contract based Node Filter, Manage Permissions of Network Connections"
 homepage = "http://parity.io"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 name = "node-filter"
--- a/ethcore/private-tx/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/private-tx/Cargo.toml
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ serde = "1.0"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
 tiny-keccak = "1.4"
-transaction-pool = "2.0"
-url = "1"
+transaction-pool = "2.0.1"
+url = "2"

 [dev-dependencies]
 env_logger = "0.5"
--- a/ethcore/private-tx/src/encryptor.rs
+++ b/ethcore/private-tx/src/encryptor.rs
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ pub trait Encryptor: Send + Sync + 'static {
 	) -> Result<Bytes, Error>;
 }

-/// Configurtion for key server encryptor
+/// Configuration for key server encryptor
 #[derive(Default, PartialEq, Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EncryptorConfig {
 	/// URL to key server
--- a/ethcore/private-tx/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/private-tx/src/lib.rs
@@ -272,18 +272,17 @@ impl Provider {
 		let mut state_buf = [0u8; 64];
 		state_buf[..32].clone_from_slice(&state_hash);
 		state_buf[32..].clone_from_slice(&H256::from(nonce));
-		keccak(&state_buf.as_ref())
+		keccak(AsRef::<[u8]>::as_ref(&state_buf[..]))
 	}

 	fn pool_client<'a>(&'a self, nonce_cache: &'a NonceCache, local_accounts: &'a HashSet<Address>) -> miner::pool_client::PoolClient<'a, Client> {
 		let engine = self.client.engine();
-		let refuse_service_transactions = true;
 		miner::pool_client::PoolClient::new(
 			&*self.client,
 			nonce_cache,
 			engine,
 			local_accounts,
-			refuse_service_transactions,
+			None,  // refuse_service_transactions = true
 		)
 	}

--- a/ethcore/res/authority_round.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/authority_round.json
@@ -46,9 +46,51 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
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+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
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+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
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+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
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+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
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+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
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+		},
 		"9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376", "nonce": "1048576" }
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/authority_round_block_reward_contract.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/authority_round_block_reward_contract.json
@@ -49,9 +49,51 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
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 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
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-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
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+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
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+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
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+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
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+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
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+			}
+		},
 		"9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376", "nonce": "1048576" },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000042": {
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--- a/ethcore/res/basic_authority.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/basic_authority.json
@@ -38,9 +38,48 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
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 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x0": {
+						"price": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "linear": { "base": 150, "word": 0 }}
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+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x0": {
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+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "linear": { "base": 6000, "word": 0 }}
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+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
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+			}
+		},
 		"9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376", "nonce": "1048576" }
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/constructor.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/constructor.json
@@ -34,9 +34,51 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
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+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP1108 transition",
+						"price": { "linear": { "base": 150, "word": 0 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "linear": {"base": 40000, "word": 0 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP1108 transition",
+						"price": { "linear": { "base": 6000, "word": 0 }}
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+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
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+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
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+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
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+		},
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000001337": { "balance": "1", "constructor": "60606040526000805460ff19166001179055346000575b6075806100246000396000f300606060405263ffffffff60e060020a60003504166394b91deb81146022575b6000565b34600057602c6040565b604080519115158252519081900360200190f35b60005460ff16815600a165627a7a723058207882eb60ebce23178b3fa06d4cd8e5adc17711937ccddacb18a04abca2a2c9ee0029" }
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/builtin_multi_bench.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/builtin_multi_bench.json
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+{
+	"name": "ecrecover legacy",
+	"engine": {
+		"Ethash": {
+			"params": {
+				"minimumDifficulty": "0x020000",
+				"difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x0800",
+				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
+				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x0"
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	"params": {
+		"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
+		"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
+		"accountStartNonce": "0x00",
+		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
+		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+		"networkID" : "0x1",
+		"eip150Transition": "0x0",
+		"eip160Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+		"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+		"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+		"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+		"maxCodeSize": 24576,
+		"maxCodeSizeTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff"
+	},
+	"genesis": {
+		"seal": {
+			"ethereum": {
+				"nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
+				"mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+			}
+		},
+		"difficulty": "0x400000000",
+		"author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"timestamp": "0x00",
+		"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa",
+		"gasLimit": "0x1388"
+	},
+	"accounts": {
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "ecrecover",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 1, "word": 0 }}},
+					"1": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 2, "word": 0 }}},
+					"2": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 3, "word": 0 }}},
+					"3": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 4, "word": 0 }}},
+					"4": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 5, "word": 0 }}},
+					"5": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 6, "word": 0 }}},
+					"6": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 7, "word": 0 }}},
+					"7": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 8, "word": 0 }}},
+					"8": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 9, "word": 0 }}},
+					"9": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 1, "word": 0 }}},
+					"10": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 2, "word": 0 }}}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
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+					"4": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 5, "word": 0 }}},
+					"5": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 6, "word": 0 }}},
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+					"15": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 7, "word": 0 }}},
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+					"19": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 2, "word": 0 }}},
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+					"25": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 8, "word": 0 }}},
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+					"27": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 1, "word": 0 }}},
+					"28": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 2, "word": 0 }}},
+					"29": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 3, "word": 0 }}},
+					"30": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 4, "word": 0 }}},
+					"31": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 5, "word": 0 }}},
+					"32": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 6, "word": 0 }}},
+					"33": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 7, "word": 0 }}},
+					"34": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 8, "word": 0 }}},
+					"35": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 9, "word": 0 }}},
+					"36": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 10, "word": 0 }}},
+					"37": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 10, "word": 0 }}},
+					"38": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 10, "word": 0 }}},
+					"39": {"price": {"linear": { "base": 10, "word": 0 }}}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/builtin_one_activation_bench.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/builtin_one_activation_bench.json
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{
+	"name": "ecrecover legacy chain spec for benchmarking",
+	"engine": {
+		"Ethash": {
+			"params": {
+				"minimumDifficulty": "0x020000",
+				"difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x0800",
+				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
+				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x0"
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	"params": {
+		"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
+		"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
+		"accountStartNonce": "0x00",
+		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
+		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+		"networkID" : "0x1",
+		"eip150Transition": "0x0",
+		"eip160Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+		"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+		"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+		"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+		"maxCodeSize": 24576,
+		"maxCodeSizeTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff"
+	},
+	"genesis": {
+		"seal": {
+			"ethereum": {
+				"nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
+				"mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+			}
+		},
+		"difficulty": "0x400000000",
+		"author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"timestamp": "0x00",
+		"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa",
+		"gasLimit": "0x1388"
+	},
+	"accounts": {
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "ecrecover",
+				"pricing": {
+					"linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 }
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/byzantium_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/byzantium_test.json
@@ -54,8 +54,47 @@
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 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } }
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/callisto.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/callisto.json
@@ -72,9 +72,48 @@
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 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": 20, "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": 20, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
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-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": 20, "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"balance": "1",
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+				"pricing": {
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+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
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+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
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+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
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+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"20": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
 		"183394f52b2c8c034835edba3bcececa6f60b5a8": {
 			"balance": "100491852286952719463755404"
 		}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/classic.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/classic.json
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
 				"difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x0800",
 				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
 				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
-				"homesteadTransition": 1150000,
-				"ecip1010PauseTransition": 3000000,
-				"ecip1010ContinueTransition": 5000000,
-				"ecip1017EraRounds": 5000000,
-				"bombDefuseTransition": 5900000
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x118c30",
+				"ecip1010PauseTransition": "0x2dc6c0",
+				"ecip1010ContinueTransition": "0x4c4b40",
+				"ecip1017EraRounds": "0x4c4b40",
+				"eip100bTransition": "0x85d9a0",
+				"bombDefuseTransition": "0x5a06e0"
 			}
 		}
 	},
@@ -26,11 +27,20 @@
 		"chainID": "0x3d",
 		"forkBlock": "0x1d4c00",
 		"forkCanonHash": "0x94365e3a8c0b35089c1d1195081fe7489b528a84b22199c916180db8b28ade7f",
-		"eip150Transition": 2500000,
-		"eip160Transition": 3000000,
-		"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
-		"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
-		"eip155Transition": 3000000
+		"eip150Transition": "0x2625a0",
+		"eip160Transition": "0x2dc6c0",
+		"eip161abcTransition": "0x85d9a0",
+		"eip161dTransition": "0x85d9a0",
+		"eip155Transition": "0x2dc6c0",
+		"maxCodeSize": "0x6000",
+		"maxCodeSizeTransition": "0x85d9a0",
+		"eip140Transition": "0x85d9a0",
+		"eip211Transition": "0x85d9a0",
+		"eip214Transition": "0x85d9a0",
+		"eip658Transition": "0x85d9a0",
+		"eip145Transition": "0x921288",
+		"eip1014Transition": "0x921288",
+		"eip1052Transition": "0x921288"
 	},
 	"genesis": {
 		"seal": {
@@ -3835,7 +3845,7 @@
 			"0xc32fd5318214071a41cd8e98499b2b65942c5837c686a06b536146fd0bf294bf",
 			"0xac390c012eecd83fa8f4cc77a59992914b5c95af36b28747e07adea13228acbc"
 		]
-	  },
+	},
 	"nodes": [
 		"enode://efd48ad0879eeb7f9cb5e50f33f7bc21e805a72e90361f145baaa22dd75d111e7cd9c93f1b7060dcb30aa1b3e620269336dbf32339fea4c18925a4c15fe642df@18.205.66.229:30303",
 		"enode://5fbfb426fbb46f8b8c1bd3dd140f5b511da558cd37d60844b525909ab82e13a25ee722293c829e52cb65c2305b1637fa9a2ea4d6634a224d5f400bfe244ac0de@162.243.55.45:30303",
@@ -3851,10 +3861,100 @@
 		"enode://5cd218959f8263bc3721d7789070806b0adff1a0ed3f95ec886fb469f9362c7507e3b32b256550b9a7964a23a938e8d42d45a0c34b332bfebc54b29081e83b93@35.187.57.94:30303"
 	],
 	"accounts": {
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-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "ecrecover",
+				"pricing": {
+					"linear": {
+						"base": 3000,
+						"word": 0
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "sha256",
+				"pricing": {
+					"linear": {
+						"base": 60,
+						"word": 12
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "ripemd160",
+				"pricing": {
+					"linear": {
+						"base": 600,
+						"word": 120
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "identity",
+				"pricing": {
+					"linear": {
+						"base": 15,
+						"word": 3
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "modexp",
+				"activate_at": "0x85d9a0",
+				"pricing": {
+					"modexp": {
+						"divisor": 20
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x85d9a0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x85d9a0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x85d9a0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
 		"3282791d6fd713f1e94f4bfd565eaa78b3a0599d": {
 			"balance": "1337000000000000000000"
 		},
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/constantinople_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/constantinople_test.json
@@ -58,8 +58,47 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } }
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/eip210_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/eip210_test.json
@@ -46,8 +46,47 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 100 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 2000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } }
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/ellaism.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/ellaism.json
@@ -66,8 +66,47 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": 2000000, "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": 2000000, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": 2000000, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": 2000000, "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } }
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"2000000": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"2000000": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"2000000": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/ewc.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/ewc.json
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/expanse.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/expanse.json
@@ -76,9 +76,48 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": "0xC3500", "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": "0xC3500", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": "0xC3500", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": "0xC3500", "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0xC3500": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0xC3500": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0xC3500": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
 		"bb94f0ceb32257275b2a7a9c094c13e469b4563e": {
 			"balance": "10000000000000000000000000"
 		},
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/foundation.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/foundation.json
@@ -136,7 +136,8 @@
 				"eip100bTransition": "0x42ae50",
 				"difficultyBombDelays": {
 					"0x42ae50": "0x2dc6c0",
-					"0x6f1580": "0x1e8480"
+					"0x6f1580": "0x1e8480",
+					"0x8c6180": "0x3d0900"
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -163,7 +164,12 @@
 		"eip658Transition": "0x42ae50",
 		"eip145Transition": "0x6f1580",
 		"eip1014Transition": "0x6f1580",
-		"eip1052Transition": "0x6f1580"
+		"eip1052Transition": "0x6f1580",
+		"eip1283Transition": "0x8a61c8",
+		"eip1706Transition": "0x8a61c8",
+		"eip1884Transition": "0x8a61c8",
+		"eip2028Transition": "0x8a61c8",
+		"eip1344Transition": "0x8a61c8"
 	},
 	"genesis": {
 		"seal": {
@@ -181,9 +187,9 @@
 		"stateRoot": "0xd7f8974fb5ac78d9ac099b9ad5018bedc2ce0a72dad1827a1709da30580f0544"
 	},
 	"hardcodedSync": {
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-		"totalDifficulty": "9633968582330911261986",
-		"CHTs": [
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+		  "totalDifficulty": "12517645144159165893352",
+		  "CHTs": [
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 			"0xe10e94515fb5ffb7ffa9bf50db4a959b3f50c2ff75e0b8bd5f5e038749e52a11",
 			"0x816e7463af7b5d2fcb804ba55f09e8452182b0ba6c995a34e144245d76333d55",
@@ -3826,7 +3832,660 @@
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 		]
 	},
 	"nodes": [
@@ -3920,11 +4579,13 @@
 		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
-				"activate_at": "0x42ae50",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 500,
-						"word": 0
+					"0x42ae50": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x8a61c8": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition at block 9_069_000 (0x8a61c8)",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -3932,11 +4593,13 @@
 		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
-				"activate_at": "0x42ae50",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 40000,
-						"word": 0
+					"0x42ae50": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x8a61c8": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition at block 9_069_000 (0x8a61c8)",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -3944,11 +4607,24 @@
 		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
-				"activate_at": "0x42ae50",
 				"pricing": {
-					"alt_bn128_pairing": {
-						"base": 100000,
-						"pair": 80000
+					"0x42ae50": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
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+					"0x8a61c8": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition at block 9_069_000 (0x8a61c8)",
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@@ -30634,3 +31310,4 @@
 		}
 	}
 }
+
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/goerli.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/goerli.json
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+{
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--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/istanbul_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/istanbul_test.json
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+{
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--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/kotti.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/kotti.json
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+{
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--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/kovan.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/kovan.json
@@ -64,6 +64,11 @@
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 		"eip1283Transition": "0x8c6180",
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+		"eip1283ReenableTransition": "0xd751a5",
+		"eip1344Transition": "0xd751a5",
+		"eip1706Transition": "0xd751a5",
+		"eip1884Transition": "0xd751a5",
+		"eip2028Transition": "0xd751a5",
 		"kip4Transition": "0x8c6180",
 		"kip6Transition": "0x8c6180"
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+					"0x4d50f8": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
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+					"0xd751a5": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition at block 14_111_141 (0xd751a5)",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
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-						"word": 0
+					"0x4d50f8": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0xd751a5": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition at block 14_111_141 (0xd751a5)",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -5367,11 +5376,24 @@
 		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
-				"activate_at": "0x4d50f8",
 				"pricing": {
-					"alt_bn128_pairing": {
-						"base": 100000,
-						"pair": 80000
+					"0x4d50f8": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0xd751a5": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition at block 14_111_141 (0xd751a5)",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000009": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "blake2_f",
+				"activate_at": "0xd751a5",
+				"pricing": {
+					"blake2_f": {
+						"gas_per_round": 1
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -5382,6 +5404,8 @@
 	},
 	"nodes": [
 		"enode://f6e37b943bad3a78cb8589b1798d30d210ffd39cfcd2c8f2de4f098467fd49c667980100d919da7ca46cd50505d30989abda87f0b9339377de13d6592c22caf8@34.198.49.72:30303",
+		"enode://16898006ba2cd4fa8bf9a3dfe32684c178fa861df144bfc21fe800dc4838a03e342056951fa9fd533dcb0be1219e306106442ff2cf1f7e9f8faa5f2fc1a3aa45@116.203.116.241:30303",
+		"enode://2909846f78c37510cc0e306f185323b83bb2209e5ff4fdd279d93c60e3f365e3c6e62ad1d2133ff11f9fd6d23ad9c3dad73bb974d53a22f7d1ac5b7dea79d0b0@3.217.96.11:30303",
 		"enode://56abaf065581a5985b8c5f4f88bd202526482761ba10be9bfdcd14846dd01f652ec33fde0f8c0fd1db19b59a4c04465681fcef50e11380ca88d25996191c52de@40.71.221.215:30303",
 		"enode://d07827483dc47b368eaf88454fb04b41b7452cf454e194e2bd4c14f98a3278fed5d819dbecd0d010407fc7688d941ee1e58d4f9c6354d3da3be92f55c17d7ce3@52.166.117.77:30303",
 		"enode://38e6e7fd416293ed120d567a2675fe078c0205ab0671abf16982ce969823bd1f3443d590c18b321dfae7dcbe1f6ba98ef8702f255c3c9822a188abb82c53adca@51.77.66.187:30303",
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/kovan_wasm_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/kovan_wasm_test.json
@@ -60,9 +60,48 @@
 		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": 5067000, "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": 5067000, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": 5067000, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": 5067000, "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } },
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"5067000": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"5067000": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"5067000": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
 		"0x00521965e7bd230323c423d96c657db5b79d099f": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376" }
 	},
 	"nodes": [
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/mcip3_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/mcip3_test.json
@@ -120,38 +120,44 @@
 				}
 			}
 		},
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006":{
-			"builtin":{
-				"name":"alt_bn128_add",
-				"activate_at":"0x7fffffffffffff",
-				"pricing":{
-					"linear":{
-						"base":500,
-						"word":0
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		},
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007":{
-			"builtin":{
-				"name":"alt_bn128_mul",
-				"activate_at":"0x7fffffffffffff",
-				"pricing":{
-					"linear":{
-						"base":40000,
-						"word":0
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		},
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008":{
-			"builtin":{
-				"name":"alt_bn128_pairing",
-				"activate_at":"0x7fffffffffffff",
-				"pricing":{
-					"alt_bn128_pairing":{
-						"base":100000,
-						"pair":80000
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/mix.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/mix.json
@@ -48,13 +48,23 @@
 	},
 	"nodes": [
 		"enode://aeb6070deb50efeb41c5e4283a6a3b08ff701fef90e3522161c145f30df2852af3dfc51ba74591f7c9d96b11ca4c3c2b354bf58dd243f2d877f6eecc2373fd1d@139.162.15.124:30313",
+		"enode://cb4b0568607c97a3af4857700152fad9c79908a89319310268c7f49184e3f7e0c88c8d3504696f521c8aafcd00644f9325f76cba9427181b1493ff7ce230df00@139.162.15.124:30303",
 		"enode://e0c926dcdc5c1cf58b2ecba371c577c28c28c91f9b210093178a812389b65e5b53f0e478753b94fceb0b36645b779a915ca57c0c48507fe4d7f786508653656c@74.207.240.177:30313",
+		"enode://37fe8c0f8d667f110316de3109dcc2e9c9247219998e9ac395db39511bef697f9646f73d86a43da491efce35458f53ac3ac0994b85f7086bbf244809d4e7eb7f@74.207.240.177:30303",
 		"enode://a2a2adb8c12b9b189306050013a44f28db30f92fb3670db9675a049b98b96eb18901d6ff7b961b6e96cfa3923ac29e8f647ef452f0a23ddfef3903ac1cf826af@173.255.195.214:30313",
+		"enode://ed6fea8e7389bb75ff34846e4aaefa9157c9c79828c6404f4a0ab6b997a613f777aecaed5092c3f51abdf918926c925f7ee4f4cffdb0ac37775d03070a3d6b55@173.255.195.214:30303",
 		"enode://5460fd1ad217941befd0f8d060e6729a0535a0738770aba56827d1313c09aeb68e3098d458aace59faba2c6780b8c9c30cb140b80cd8e30ca3a074ce6d3344d3@50.116.38.52:30313",
+		"enode://9109e01dec60b67afa5aea77da17e0cb9a716a547469be378eb122c545a3fda9082e553624ff9e673195a715d5628ebf046a6c4ff315e566420e3bdde003bd9a@50.116.38.52:30303",
 		"enode://99fff4ed887d6a6a7b6e03a657c35c06d0eede1909ec289a362bad9d37dd4085886461bbce83aa484ce1327badb3c5958365caa851d71de49dc4530e075b64bc@45.79.128.151:30313",
+		"enode://4b4c06445175b77ac07eba03ac624f72e4e86065ee8bbdbca5f882a2a333e2608e6ef2ae5b5779816abd8d07ae6ec08f75888edeab3bc06f2b75871feb14afef@45.79.128.151:30303",
 		"enode://fd80e04c75559cfdd9ed8c08ef2c39c5bc95021f7cbaf31acb601914bc7dac7c34b470b90a05e519bc8a8435a46e1ce51053ae07fac31a83567285c34a79c6bf@139.162.224.203:30313",
+		"enode://d2e678247450c0a7aefdcf03787d4905deda2a6889f02071b241a1309a6bec6ea1c8b1160f69635dee0b4e00cc83656a601b4528cccbd85744b811654ab24b13@139.162.224.203:30303",
 		"enode://4742134a153c108855eb16563424887ed3aa5b6b74e4b713c8e93a10c376d954ff3041442716bdf9ee28fab2ea09f04d07e3366f834ea472c19820b7337eb27a@172.104.130.233:30313",
-		"enode://799d0a8836e17ef7fcc58b3d5ced5bb1fe474b31a09851f938d381f4556fa8954ca308f6a178d22ed56769a8b878ac8f9cc62c889f9cafab45a3bd4f6024bb29@172.104.68.7:30313"
+		"enode://9aaeae0129af1bbb2e3590a71cd1ad0c320aa1c03e15c9eb3563cee2d8a7ca43473f43197b6dc0befe5bcef6185196360fa8b4b0d82d8ef11e2ff65553a1efa5@172.104.130.233:30303",
+		"enode://799d0a8836e17ef7fcc58b3d5ced5bb1fe474b31a09851f938d381f4556fa8954ca308f6a178d22ed56769a8b878ac8f9cc62c889f9cafab45a3bd4f6024bb29@172.104.68.7:30313",
+		"enode://ab7b1aab2439aafadcb52f8353e60fc1eea55ee5a01b4ddf46ecdeaa2e869c4bf305249757dc74baa78cf05c5d98ffe5c2a008851f08cab6096c78a08dee7c17@172.104.68.7:30303",
+		"enode://ab4a7fb0963e4951bebbefd2ec09ddac018bb27600a6063d755dfc10be118cbfe3954ada561afbce4cbda6f62364c12902b9e6bdef258aff36b8a73db3c0f161@172.105.16.240:30313",
+		"enode://30ff1bd89f58a1adae1f2b2ed1e36fa95caf5c2c7e085cf3a49f14705427ca7d7b2508060d058ceda57c708e8aa4661304f3c17eaae4da2e9cea6b64b3893c2f@172.105.16.240:30303"
 	],
 	"accounts": {
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
@@ -62,9 +72,48 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": 3000000, "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": 3000000, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": 3000000, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": 3000000, "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"3000000": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"3000000": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"3000000": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
 		"97c7f4f8f0bbf384578a9f5754ae73f37ff49ec2": { "balance": "55000000000000000000000000" }
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/morden.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/morden.json
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
 				"difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x0800",
 				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
 				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
-				"homesteadTransition": 494000,
-				"ecip1010PauseTransition": 1915000,
-				"ecip1010ContinueTransition": 3415000,
-				"ecip1017EraRounds": 2000000,
-				"bombDefuseTransition": 2300000
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x789b0",
+				"ecip1010PauseTransition": "0x1d3878",
+				"ecip1010ContinueTransition": "0x341bd8",
+				"ecip1017EraRounds": "0x1e8480",
+				"eip100bTransition": "0x4829ba",
+				"bombDefuseTransition": "0x231860"
 			}
 		}
 	},
@@ -26,11 +27,20 @@
 		"chainID": "0x3e",
 		"forkBlock": "0x1b34d8",
 		"forkCanonHash": "0xf376243aeff1f256d970714c3de9fd78fa4e63cf63e32a51fe1169e375d98145",
-		"eip150Transition": 1783000,
-		"eip160Transition": 1915000,
-		"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
-		"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
-		"eip155Transition": 1915000
+		"eip150Transition": "0x1b34d8",
+		"eip160Transition": "0x1d3878",
+		"eip161abcTransition": "0x4829ba",
+		"eip161dTransition": "0x4829ba",
+		"eip155Transition": "0x1d3878",
+		"maxCodeSize": "0x6000",
+		"maxCodeSizeTransition": "0x4829ba",
+		"eip140Transition": "0x4829ba",
+		"eip211Transition": "0x4829ba",
+		"eip214Transition": "0x4829ba",
+		"eip658Transition": "0x4829ba",
+		"eip145Transition": "0x4c4cbd",
+		"eip1014Transition": "0x4c4cbd",
+		"eip1052Transition": "0x4c4cbd"
 	},
 	"genesis": {
 		"seal": {
@@ -68,6 +78,59 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "modexp",
+				"activate_at": "0x4829ba",
+				"pricing": {
+					"modexp": {
+						"divisor": 20
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x4829ba": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x4829ba": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x4829ba": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
 		"102e61f5d8f9bc71d0ad4a084df4e65e05ce0e1c": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376", "nonce": "1048576" }
 	},
 	"hardcodedSync": {
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/mordor.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/mordor.json
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+{
+	"name":"Mordor Classic Testnet",
+	"dataDir":"mordor",
+	"engine":{
+		"Ethash":{
+			"params":{
+				"minimumDifficulty":"0x20000",
+				"difficultyBoundDivisor":"0x800",
+				"durationLimit":"0xd",
+				"blockReward":"0x4563918244F40000",
+				"homesteadTransition":"0x0",
+				"ecip1010PauseTransition":"0x0",
+				"ecip1010ContinueTransition":"0x0",
+				"ecip1017EraRounds":"0x1e8480",
+				"bombDefuseTransition":"0x0",
+				"eip100bTransition":"0x0"
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	"params":{
+		"gasLimitBoundDivisor":"0x400",
+		"accountStartNonce":"0x0",
+		"maximumExtraDataSize":"0x20",
+		"minGasLimit":"0x1388",
+		"networkID":"0x7",
+		"chainID":"0x3f",
+		"eip150Transition":"0x0",
+		"eip160Transition":"0x0",
+		"eip161abcTransition":"0x0",
+		"eip161dTransition":"0x0",
+		"eip155Transition":"0x0",
+		"maxCodeSize":"0x6000",
+		"maxCodeSizeTransition":"0x0",
+		"eip140Transition":"0x0",
+		"eip211Transition":"0x0",
+		"eip214Transition":"0x0",
+		"eip658Transition":"0x0",
+		"eip145Transition":"0x498bb",
+		"eip1014Transition":"0x498bb",
+		"eip1052Transition":"0x498bb",
+		"eip1283Transition":"0xbe10b",
+		"eip1344Transition":"0xbe10b",
+		"eip1706Transition":"0xbe10b",
+		"eip2028Transition":"0xbe10b"
+	},
+	"genesis":{
+		"seal":{
+			"ethereum":{
+				"nonce":"0x0000000000000000",
+				"mixHash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+			}
+		},
+		"difficulty":"0x20000",
+		"author":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"timestamp":"0x5d9676db",
+		"parentHash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"extraData":"0x70686f656e697820636869636b656e206162737572642062616e616e61",
+		"gasLimit":"0x2fefd8"
+	},
+	"nodes":[
+		"enode://03b133f731049e3f7be827339c3759be92778c05e54a1847d178c0fdb56fa168aa1e7e61fc77791a7afdd0328a00318f73c01212eb3f3bbe919f5ce8f5b4a314@192.227.105.4:32000",
+		"enode://06fdbeb591d26f53b2e7250025fe955ca013431ded930920cf1e3cd1f0c920e9a5e727949d209bc25a07288327b525279b11c5551315c50ff0db483e69fc159b@34.218.225.178:32000",
+		"enode://1813e90a0afdd7c1e4892c5376960e3577a9e6c5a4f86fa405a405c7421a4a1608248d77cc90333842f13d8954d82113dec480cfb76b4fef8cb475157cf4d5f2@10.28.224.3:30000",
+		"enode://2b69a3926f36a7748c9021c34050be5e0b64346225e477fe7377070f6289bd363b2be73a06010fd516e6ea3ee90778dd0399bc007bb1281923a79374f842675a@51.15.116.226:30303",
+		"enode://621e28e529146fd501709194885f50540c494f1a2985d1fb4ec8769226b5cb0b0d1a11545926077821474c2767cdd87888ead8a2509a2c9069dd5584e4b1c3b8@10.28.223.8:30000",
+		"enode://a59e33ccd2b3e52d578f1fbd70c6f9babda2650f0760d6ff3b37742fdcdfdb3defba5d56d315b40c46b70198c7621e63ffa3f987389c7118634b0fefbbdfa7fd@51.15.116.226:30303",
+		"enode://f840b007500f50c98ea6f9c9e56dabf4690bbbbb7036d43682c531204341aff8315013547e5bee54117eb22bd3603585ae6bf713d9fa710659533fcab65d5b84@35.238.101.58:30000",
+		"enode://19eda672030ad5debb98c9069b3e99d12438b96506325d9f3f82d76c5f8ce4942d345f41700a5223900e75ad48e76713b74c1b694d67a10c2112540035922256@35.238.101.58:30000"
+	],
+	"accounts":{
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001":{
+			"builtin":{
+				"name":"ecrecover",
+				"pricing":{
+					"linear":{
+						"base":3000,
+						"word":0
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002":{
+			"builtin":{
+				"name":"sha256",
+				"pricing":{
+					"linear":{
+						"base":60,
+						"word":12
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003":{
+			"builtin":{
+				"name":"ripemd160",
+				"pricing":{
+					"linear":{
+						"base":600,
+						"word":120
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004":{
+			"builtin":{
+				"name":"identity",
+				"pricing":{
+					"linear":{
+						"base":15,
+						"word":3
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000005":{
+			"builtin":{
+				"activate_at":"0x0",
+				"name":"modexp",
+				"pricing":{
+					"modexp":{
+						"divisor":20
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000006":{
+			"builtin":{
+				"name":"alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing":{
+					"0x0":{
+						"price":{
+							"alt_bn128_const_operations":{
+								"price":500
+							}
+						}
+					},
+					"0xbe10b":{
+						"info":"EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price":{
+							"alt_bn128_const_operations":{
+								"price":150
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000007":{
+			"builtin":{
+				"name":"alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing":{
+					"0x0":{
+						"price":{
+							"alt_bn128_const_operations":{
+								"price":40000
+							}
+						}
+					},
+					"0xbe10b":{
+						"info":"EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price":{
+							"alt_bn128_const_operations":{
+								"price":6000
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000008":{
+			"builtin":{
+				"name":"alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing":{
+					"0x0":{
+						"price":{
+							"alt_bn128_pairing":{
+								"base":100000,
+								"pair":80000
+							}
+						}
+					},
+					"0xbe10b":{
+						"info":"EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price":{
+							"alt_bn128_pairing":{
+								"base":45000,
+								"pair":34000
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000009": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "blake2_f",
+				"activate_at": "0xbe10b",
+				"pricing": {
+					"blake2_f": {
+						"gas_per_round": 1
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/musicoin.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/musicoin.json
@@ -128,38 +128,44 @@
 				}
 			}
 		},
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006":{
-			"builtin":{
-				"name":"alt_bn128_add",
-				"activate_at":"0x21e88e",
-				"pricing":{
-					"linear":{
-						"base":500,
-						"word":0
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x21e88e": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		},
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007":{
-			"builtin":{
-				"name":"alt_bn128_mul",
-				"activate_at":"0x21e88e",
-				"pricing":{
-					"linear":{
-						"base":40000,
-						"word":0
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x21e88e": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		},
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008":{
-			"builtin":{
-				"name":"alt_bn128_pairing",
-				"activate_at":"0x21e88e",
-				"pricing":{
-					"alt_bn128_pairing":{
-						"base":100000,
-						"pair":80000
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0x21e88e": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/poacore.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/poacore.json
@@ -37,7 +37,12 @@
 		"eip658Transition": "0x0",
 		"eip145Transition": 8582254,
 		"eip1014Transition": 8582254,
-		"eip1052Transition": 8582254
+		"eip1052Transition": 8582254,
+		"eip1283Transition": 12598600,
+		"eip1344Transition": 12598600,
+		"eip1706Transition": 12598600,
+		"eip1884Transition": 12598600,
+		"eip2028Transition": 12598600
 	},
 	"genesis": {
 		"seal": {
@@ -51,7 +56,6 @@
 	},
 	"nodes": [
 		"enode://6e3d1b39cbd2a9c4f053a27e68fd90d0bac83691dfdc4a13c59f2555078a71e63c5daaee5a82aa6db500512760a5456f86076bf8bbe8011c27c82ed7d6f5fb26@45.77.140.210:30303",
-		"enode://f4698ad485a027497e1cc992bb5f7cecee2b32a44c47202738d8d0eecfab719541988d0cbcbc5ea94c6c959e5cddeb85fc6ae75fb63dc3bf87cdbe9e6f615e9d@206.156.242.64:30303",
 		"enode://31dffed97f8fed1f34fe66453280a89cbeeda60cf28f6fbb212ebbefd7c7566a02c1c7d5c00bbbb49b9fa8a49f157e0f786f379ca9bcbf2fea24de70d70a22b6@206.156.242.61:30303",
 		"enode://6bdc7553ab2e4914cb47774c1e6d8c8f47ac7c3981891f85f65d06f208ea1bc4d3bf982b330950e0a0cd127efd7145c4df7113159a1d4a06ed722e6c16d0ac6c@45.32.215.190:30303",
 		"enode://872d82a24144bc007658fb6fac0dcdfb9b63aeb05ef563a06d0186f2d1e5ffbfc5c4f1244891a8a86ef70682b9d24382e654b305224883698862e2df647a4d23@45.76.236.247:30303",
@@ -59,19 +63,89 @@
 		"enode://96678da10ac83769ab3f63114a41b57b700476c5ac02719b878fa89909a936551bb7609aa09b068bf89903206fa03f23e1b5b9117ca278de304c2570b87dcb27@35.175.15.164:30303"
 	],
 	"accounts": {
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": "0x0", "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": "0x0", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": "0x0", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": "0x0", "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } },
-
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "modexp",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": {
+							"modexp": {
+								"divisor": 20
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"12598600": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"12598600": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"12598600": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000009": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "blake2_f",
+				"pricing": {
+					"12598600": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": {
+							"blake2_f": {
+								"gas_per_round": 1
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
 		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
 			"balance": "1",
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "ecrecover",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 3000,
-						"word": 0
+					"0": {
+						"price": {
+							"linear": {
+								"base": 3000,
+								"word": 0
+							}
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -81,9 +155,13 @@
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "sha256",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 60,
-						"word": 12
+					"0": {
+						"price": {
+							"linear": {
+								"base": 60,
+								"word": 12
+							}
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -93,9 +171,13 @@
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "ripemd160",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 600,
-						"word": 120
+					"0": {
+						"price": {
+							"linear": {
+								"base": 600,
+								"word": 120
+							}
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -105,9 +187,13 @@
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "identity",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 15,
-						"word": 3
+					"0": {
+						"price": {
+							"linear": {
+								"base": 15,
+								"word": 3
+							}
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/poasokol.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/poasokol.json
@@ -42,7 +42,12 @@
 		"eip1014Transition": 6464300,
 		"eip1052Transition": 6464300,
 		"eip1283Transition": 6464300,
-		"eip1283DisableTransition": 7026400
+		"eip1283DisableTransition": 7026400,
+		"eip1283ReenableTransition": 12095200,
+		"eip1344Transition": 12095200,
+		"eip1706Transition": 12095200,
+		"eip1884Transition": 12095200,
+		"eip2028Transition": 12095200
 	},
 	"genesis": {
 		"seal": {
@@ -55,28 +60,99 @@
 		"gasLimit": "0x663BE0"
 	},
 	"nodes": [
+		"enode://bdcd6f875583df2bd8094f08ae58c7c2db6ed67795ca8c0e6415a30721d3657291aec9b933d15e17e0b36ad7a76424a1447ddbfc75809a04f7a0ffef5617dd56@3.91.206.172:30303",
 		"enode://8e0af07c86ec36590bb6368e7ad0c45b6dc658f5fb66ec68889a614affddda5e021bd513bcf4fb2fae4a3bbe08cf0de84f037cd58478a89665dfce1ded2595c7@34.236.37.74:30303",
 		"enode://f1a5100a81cb73163ae450c584d06b1f644aa4fad4486c6aeb4c384b343c54bb66c744aa5f133af66ea1b25f0f4a454f04878f3e96ee4cd2390c047396d6357b@209.97.158.4:30303",
 		"enode://0d1e0372f63a3f0b82d66635ea101ecc0f6797788a078805cc933dd93e6a22f7c9fa51ab4e2d21da02d04480ef19f3bbb9a2b41dd1c262085d295a354bb8b0f9@18.217.47.209:30303",
-		"enode://ab083db73da15b3995ac9c68035cdb32901835a823cb848fccb672e43dd21f14428706118d6fe5b921d8e741f122f35aad0255bc86807b1d17bcfa1e86e40a14@165.227.37.104:30303",
+		"enode://875e1bd1b98019a5d6d588c23f68534b75462dd6ecbb3dd058221dbf7aa923f0ab782ab93bb82d42edc9996f7f0816a318bdc761e55c02b95e1169cef66f7edc@159.203.24.35:30303",
 		"enode://8e0af07c86ec36590bb6368e7ad0c45b6dc658f5fb66ec68889a614affddda5e021bd513bcf4fb2fae4a3bbe08cf0de84f037cd58478a89665dfce1ded2595c7@34.236.37.74:30303",
 		"enode://182ee200ca134dc4d6390f3d5aadbcd80df0f7f24335830335d142573eacce4eeb919d30e82c5df588034e167e6ba6dd11187502ac9264a71005127f6b146a99@159.203.95.241:30303",
 		"enode://b022ff70b5fcaf9596ae5efed99a8198b4ae0578ee9d17b733609d803a75cef95d3a2a18e50dca9a7c3b26139f158c59eaf8b5fb8d1d331c9a46934a78acabe8@206.189.76.128:30303"
 	],
 	"accounts": {
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": "0x0", "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": "0x0", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": "0x0", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": "0x0", "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } },
-
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "modexp",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": {
+							"modexp": {
+								"divisor": 20
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"12095200": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"12095200": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"12095200": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000009": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "blake2_f",
+				"pricing": {
+					"12095200": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": {
+							"blake2_f": {
+								"gas_per_round": 1
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
 		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
 			"balance": "1",
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "ecrecover",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 3000,
-						"word": 0
+					"0": {
+						"price": {
+							"linear": {
+								"base": 3000,
+								"word": 0
+							}
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -86,9 +162,13 @@
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "sha256",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 60,
-						"word": 12
+					"0": {
+						"price": {
+							"linear": {
+								"base": 60,
+								"word": 12
+							}
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -98,9 +178,13 @@
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "ripemd160",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 600,
-						"word": 120
+					"0": {
+						"price": {
+							"linear": {
+								"base": 600,
+								"word": 120
+							}
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -110,9 +194,13 @@
 			"builtin": {
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--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/rinkeby.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/rinkeby.json
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+{
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+}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/ropsten.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/ropsten.json
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 				"eip100bTransition": "0x19f0a0",
 				"difficultyBombDelays": {
 					"0x19f0a0": "0x2dc6c0",
-					"0x408b70": "0x1e8480"
+					"0x408b70": "0x1e8480",
+					"0x6c993d": "0x3d0900"
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@@ -28,8 +29,8 @@
 		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
 		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
 		"networkID": "0x3",
-		"forkBlock": "0x40E80F",
-		"forkCanonHash": "0x3e12d5c0f8d63fbc5831cc7f7273bd824fa4d0a9a4102d65d99a7ea5604abc00",
+		"forkBlock": "0x62f757",
+		"forkCanonHash": "0x3a024a13310ec9b4805f681b17c3ae6c94167d1c6494e83d70a887ebc27df5ea",
 		"maxCodeSize": "0x6000",
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 		"eip1014Transition": "0x408b70",
 		"eip1052Transition": "0x408b70",
 		"eip1283Transition": "0x408b70",
-		"eip1283DisableTransition": "0x4b5e82"
+		"eip1283DisableTransition": "0x4b5e82",
+		"eip1283ReenableTransition": "0x62f756",
+		"eip1344Transition": "0x62f756",
+		"eip1706Transition": "0x62f756",
+		"eip1884Transition": "0x62f756",
+		"eip2028Transition": "0x62f756"
 	},
 	"genesis": {
 		"seal": {
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 		"gasLimit": "0x1000000"
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+			"0x0a4ac475f2b54e24784b10b18df0086a92c407e2474479357baccd46086ea81c",
+			"0x988a166c64baeb21ff5ade5d2c563ef93ad0452c67015a1c472b2fc14944fcb7",
+			"0xac583c02f23326514085d3b816973c5907541f1efdb31373b399a67807ad1322",
+			"0x51d7e2b08d025386fb4b335b0d0e2d07f55b9208fff10d3a362832dc6a7547e0",
+			"0x6c4e553f3ce7b7c80cbce8d3c107cdcb8a7b4c89ebca8f1057e526552f1c979c",
+			"0x870d63c54b37873abfc8b0c8cc7bfa2b41261f77550251ab59a8f304417dbcd5",
+			"0x6db3c454f0583e94ba43aeca2c4ef413f80555eaef5829b1c4c1708d63d3b4e6",
+			"0x6cc1ddaf69d050d9b492d559de84c69232e43b7607cb6807933b1801cb4beea4",
+			"0xc7c0aa117b17ceef132579c731956b015ebaf3e802b85ee0a6c825f124a4451e",
+			"0x8bf5ba7ba1184ca6aa5f6915e418e455bb096403d43746ade9b5895fa8d0e69a",
+			"0x13bb12782984d634332842ce7b72a981a17bdd34ee6acd9adbf65844b96d7b48",
+			"0x88a59590e8e1366ec65ddf718dedbb5540a06317613a7dbe130c4a570f7f2963",
+			"0x8a89daffb49834fc7f2341d00151f952ef7d1a7299ab92b3fc926e442d9dad74",
+			"0x78afc35edc10009ad9fa1b51bb7774a48d7e53a960ebdd8818e51899fd8f5cc5",
+			"0x0e25764281bb700a43644ed3455c279969b80f5c537f4096934413a7904863a0",
+			"0xdad129d76c4fe2fc61c1af14ed7556321989efaef6824aee0436216504a36e1a",
+			"0x9e4fc1c9dea1e18cc4147cfc52cab7eaa90930a2b393a442238a8c5378cd4274",
+			"0x08c8c7dc91c967fdb900953d543b4975ec90b8def04eadcf7885c555c782ba5f",
+			"0x07d599a0c521f72463b80cbb534bf4dc605bf345dc1c5de1db13b55486d382d7",
+			"0x420c5f035c465ba9127bc832eb0f757814a6769dd9fce22b28f4a3a3e9cdfd33",
+			"0x2dc76172b77b50b249a5a5b9d5e23595b3310aff6199d7335eb94881d8d24906",
+			"0xd2fbcd5e757bd9eec8698e53088491d63b36854d315d278d1a2bd81988485077",
+			"0x3544b07abaf58fa8c4aa0dd1f0060c11e0de7cc1ed04b18f5f90cc196d3c99b3",
+			"0xe238c7374ba22d723699269c9c943eba814aa1afdb95d5e00707b3cac06a5f2a",
+			"0x1cfadf02760942304c47e07d07a7acbdfe7417c62d330b5802f598a7f550863f",
+			"0x65ad9de6d69c6e80c1cabd34f49c4c9d74b5986ecdf2e3bac30833a599cb792c",
+			"0x27f8b2a3a019abec3e4487fb353bd9ec0ac11a160c6c3a83df6ca959d404aa6d",
+			"0x6c814f0081795e7cdcf730b0807a3c91c7c656132d0d9ec2d9e39f1bb8f57526",
+			"0xec686e5d76bb74cc369ce26db62b742235bcf6ad7e7c5ef6872d62c45bdfd5d7",
+			"0x09941fefe99a62e910b1a0ab5751c36eef7d21b1740f2b9e25d814af27169649",
+			"0xc0cf4f22b4e05e192421baa0af9c888bd976239e70046a62cfb5b018d9205378",
+			"0x6c45ab7adedfa0a6a133d288a7b8ba2d213fce73124d78b0fa12e1360d930714",
+			"0x85872e50c368df9ce35b61d5363ce8db27f123661ae528334c6424a953197d00",
+			"0x6869696612636971deda05c67f663242977351aaaea43d9cdb718be5948f080b",
+			"0x291097a53461b3ec1740b0b61c129d827f0cf731e16defcfede2d7a544bf52f2",
+			"0x438259d8150e73fc0d2ec553a2143e1fa5d3e53e27b0533ca20ab37991050b4b",
+			"0xb1889369c5a7f3385258a7d63dcbe5b05ae2e2ff4ff1e5cf82e5b582a02e895b",
+			"0x3b03ee5f95e9588caaf54878d8b6c746dbeea3e695bf768651fd3c8e3255cade",
+			"0x60443bf8bbbec8f21d35a3d16c5cdafec1dd3bdf4b9c447bbeda74fd92655efd",
+			"0x61bbd3649fd7f9bdab23d6693135ec6dcf07adf1560d9bda68cbc97ae4917b42",
+			"0xc019e34634d76e06d2984f7201c445cf6fa3f72f3164c148de2b1827eed0b6b9",
+			"0x3031e3e27af9bcca0902254143e3a440d40dfed6bd69ee5095387347559fd231",
+			"0x6600ccda7d374610e0c8d0b7fb012bf5cb59966aa0d93f65850db3c6e4544bab",
+			"0x8e692bc730330a2f4bacebaae77983a1831372e64fb9578d42701a305f972ddf",
+			"0xb504ec0ea7de6f102f2b59f698d9f7a63893fa352fbe7d17bf05f9c0e0c7c0ea",
+			"0x8e8d3763f75dfb8c07fc5f609bd6becf34b6a19cadcf52a593cca1098bb2e56e",
+			"0xa30d9cca760ef7f64b647573f17adefe0da9694567c0948c677024388ff51617",
+			"0x61a0157d34d3474a167146c9dee2870b409cd9f96c9d2e530764a296b3b33d0d",
+			"0x625183a74036771889d7177b16cb7bc6982b1a68814c5140b4a31157ff953a2b",
+			"0x9c1fe65834f3733fef1fc14c47fbcbb270c01384975490ec7a483b5a29ab6a7d",
+			"0xf334351dae09bcd536fcf96d031457d0c1158d422adb8980b194da88670ffcbb",
+			"0xa9a92557684b04bfda34805c6588e1cb9fa44d7c73803c28a12a4cce0e46d222",
+			"0x9e5c9a5df1dfb47ea6cf46f0421492ed1613039789ab91d237ce65a1ef6826ec",
+			"0xc3fe546f606cee75b2c28ad343ae67da95b99b507742aa1814fcf472a8874bed",
+			"0x73a429e5ad90697799123575999fa28922436600934689457b0b5ae787e3aa20",
+			"0xbd8ce8cb98c7f263a6b8cb909b671782cb57ee111180f565c988bd97c9369ce1",
+			"0x45a0254dd0944f5419fa6a658a124de3a8fdf53dd799d2ff71fb1256b6648273",
+			"0x598cba26ab789de29b9043f53d02872d6fa2fc86df238d54786b14e4ad8bcbe9"
 		]
 	},
 	"nodes": [
-		"enode://6332792c4a00e3e4ee0926ed89e0d27ef985424d97b6a45bf0f23e51f0dcb5e66b875777506458aea7af6f9e4ffb69f43f3778ee73c81ed9d34c51c4b16b0b0f@52.232.243.152:30303",
+		"enode://d6cb8cba18828397e22e8852324af7e970b57cadbbd94aba6124790d1895728311b1f274e45d44a7a22b4276726903130a11ac2de19af5bc9294998f948eaad4@144.217.72.209:30303",
 		"enode://94c15d1b9e2fe7ce56e458b9a3b672ef11894ddedd0c6f247e0f1d3487f52b66208fb4aeb8179fce6e3a749ea93ed147c37976d67af557508d199d9594c35f09@192.81.208.223:30303",
 		"enode://30b7ab30a01c124a6cceca36863ece12c4f5fa68e3ba9b0b51407ccc002eeed3b3102d20a88f1c1d3c3154e2449317b8ef95090e77b312d5cc39354f86d5d606@52.176.7.10:30303",
 		"enode://865a63255b3bb68023b6bffd5095118fcc13e79dcf014fe4e47e065c350c7cc72af2e53eff895f11ba1bbb6a2b33271c1116ee870f266618eadfc2e78aa7349c@52.176.100.77:30303",
@@ -2734,11 +3392,13 @@
 			"nonce": "0x0",
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
-				"activate_at": "0x19f0a0",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 500,
-						"word": 0
+					"0x19f0a0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x62f756": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition at block 6_485_846 (0x62f756)",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -2748,11 +3408,13 @@
 			"nonce": "0x0",
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
-				"activate_at": "0x19f0a0",
 				"pricing": {
-					"linear": {
-						"base": 40000,
-						"word": 0
+					"0x19f0a0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x62f756": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition at block 6_485_846 (0x62f756)",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -2762,17 +3424,28 @@
 			"nonce": "0x0",
 			"builtin": {
 				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
-				"activate_at": "0x19f0a0",
 				"pricing": {
-					"alt_bn128_pairing": {
-						"base": 100000,
-						"pair": 80000
+					"0x19f0a0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x62f756": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition at block 6_485_846 (0x62f756)",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000009": {
-			"balance": "0x1"
+			"balance": "0x1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "blake2_f",
+				"activate_at": "0x62f756",
+				"pricing": {
+					"blake2_f": {
+						"gas_per_round": 1
+					}
+				}
+			}
 		},
 		"0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000a": {
 			"balance": "0x0"
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/st_peters_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/st_peters_test.json
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 		"eip145Transition": "0x0",
 		"eip1014Transition": "0x0",
 		"eip1052Transition": "0x0",
+		"eip1283Transition": "0x0",
 		"eip1283DisableTransition": "0x0"
 	},
 	"genesis": {
@@ -58,8 +59,47 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": "0x00", "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } }
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/tobalaba.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/tobalaba.json
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/transition_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/transition_test.json
@@ -57,9 +57,47 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": "5", "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 100 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": "5", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": "5", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 2000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": "5", "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } }
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"5": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"5": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"5": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/volta.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/volta.json
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/xdai.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/xdai.json
--- a/ethcore/res/instant_seal.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/instant_seal.json
--- a/ethcore/res/null.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/null.json
@@ -36,9 +36,51 @@
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "0", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "0", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "modexp", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "modexp": { "divisor": 20 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_add", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 500, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_mul", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 40000, "word": 0 } } } },
-		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "alt_bn128_pairing", "activate_at": 0, "pricing": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_add",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 500 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 150 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 40000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_const_operations": { "price": 6000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+			"balance": "1",
+			"builtin": {
+				"name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+				"pricing": {
+					"0": {
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 100000, "pair": 80000 }}
+					},
+					"0x7fffffffffffff": {
+						"info": "EIP 1108 transition",
+						"price": { "alt_bn128_pairing": { "base": 45000, "pair": 34000 }}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
 		"9cce34f7ab185c7aba1b7c8140d620b4bda941d6": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376", "nonce": "0" }
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/null_morden_with_finality.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/null_morden_with_finality.json
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+	"name": "Morden",
+	"engine": {
+		"null": {
+			"params": {
+				"immediateFinalization": true
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	"params": {
+		"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
+		"accountStartNonce": "0x0",
+		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
+		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+		"networkID" : "0x2"
+	},
+	"genesis": {
+		"seal": {
+			"ethereum": {
+				"nonce": "0x00006d6f7264656e",
+				"mixHash": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000647572616c65787365646c6578"
+			}
+		},
+		"difficulty": "0x20000",
+		"author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"timestamp": "0x00",
+		"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"extraData": "0x",
+		"gasLimit": "0x2fefd8"
+	},
+	"accounts": {
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "nonce": "1048576", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
+		"102e61f5d8f9bc71d0ad4a084df4e65e05ce0e1c": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376", "nonce": "1048576" }
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/res/spec_backward_compability.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/spec_backward_compability.json
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+{
+    "name": "Volta",
+    "engine": {
+        "authorityRound": {
+            "params": {
+                "stepDuration": "5",
+                "validators": {
+                    "contract": "0x1204700000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                },
+                "maximumUncleCountTransition": "0",
+                "maximumUncleCount": "0",
+                "blockRewardContractAddress": "0x1204700000000000000000000000000000000002",
+                "blockRewardContractTransition": "0"
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "params": {
+        "networkID": "0x12047",
+        "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
+        "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x400",
+        "minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+        "maxCodeSize": "0x6000",
+        "eip140Transition": "0x0",
+        "eip211Transition": "0x0",
+        "eip214Transition": "0x0",
+        "eip658Transition": "0x0",
+        "eip145Transition": "0x0",
+        "eip1014Transition": "0x0",
+        "eip1052Transition": "0x0",
+        "registrar": "0x1204700000000000000000000000000000000006"
+    },
+    "genesis": {
+        "seal": {
+            "authorityRound": {
+                "step": "0x0",
+                "signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+            }
+        },
+        "difficulty": "0x20000",
+        "gasLimit": "0x5B8D80"
+    },
+    "accounts": {
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
+            "balance": "1",
+            "builtin": {
+                "name": "ecrecover",
+                "activate_at": "0",
+                "pricing": {
+                    "linear": {
+                        "base": 3000,
+                        "word": 0
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
+            "balance": "1",
+            "builtin": {
+                "name": "sha256",
+                "activate_at": "0",
+                "pricing": {
+                    "linear": {
+                        "base": 60,
+                        "word": 12
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
+            "balance": "1",
+            "builtin": {
+                "name": "ripemd160",
+                "activate_at": "0",
+                "pricing": {
+                    "linear": {
+                        "base": 600,
+                        "word": 120
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
+            "balance": "1",
+            "builtin": {
+                "name": "identity",
+                "activate_at": "0",
+                "pricing": {
+                    "linear": {
+                        "base": 15,
+                        "word": 3
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": {
+            "balance": "1",
+            "builtin": {
+                "name": "modexp",
+                "activate_at": "0",
+                "pricing": {
+                    "modexp": {
+                        "divisor": 20
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+            "balance": "1",
+            "builtin": {
+                "name": "alt_bn128_add",
+                "activate_at": "0",
+                "pricing": {
+                    "linear": {
+                        "base": 500,
+                        "word": 0
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+            "balance": "1",
+            "builtin": {
+                "name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+                "activate_at": "0",
+                "pricing": {
+                    "linear": {
+                        "base": 40000,
+                        "word": 0
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+            "balance": "1",
+            "builtin": {
+                "name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+                "activate_at": "0",
+                "pricing": {
+                    "alt_bn128_pairing": {
+                        "base": 100000,
+                        "pair": 80000
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+	},
+    "nodes": [
+        "enode://59c9250cb805409e84c9cd0038e97d8e5e4605b928663675869ebdfd4c251d80ccad76267a5eb2f4362ddceb5ec671f7595463adfc0a12e9f68dbf233072db41@54.70.158.106:30303",
+        "enode://e487ebacbdad3418905d2ed7f009fa5dbd17d73880854884acc604c0afc1a60a396aa90cb2741278c555a4e30ffc6ffc1c29e83840aa22009ec92fe53f81ec04@99.81.92.124:30303",
+        "enode://563f12602a117201b39ebeea108185abb15d9286830c074640c9fccbaaaabcc7fe2c95682cc43f95b95059f6d0dc4c9becbc1b2bd78e0c5ef5fddff07d85ba0e@54.201.62.74:30303",
+        "enode://5903b3acebdc4a34800f6923e5f3aec3ca7e5d1285bec4adb9f20ebb0f87a3bebdd748b1849ca1108a9f1e37ff9ced0b475292b8effc29e95d49ec438f244b02@3.121.165.10:30303",
+        "enode://8f8e35a6dcacfee946f46447b4703c84f4e485e478143997f86b1834e1b0bb78dab363d700dff3147442b9d3e2a1c521f79340c436eb7245a97c7fe385b89a5d@54.93.159.98:30303",
+        "enode://bd228aa03cf4a88491c81c5f3ab4a1437df3b463081cc93943c4d3ab37f1e4f8081c6995eca076f717d4fdf9a277c750bd0289477ac151f1e2b024747dcd1747@52.31.129.130:30303"
+    ]
+}
--- a/ethcore/service/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/service/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [package]
+description = "Parity Ethereum (EthCore) Client & Network Service Creation & Registration with the I/O Subsystem"
 name = "ethcore-service"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
--- a/ethcore/service/src/error.rs
+++ b/ethcore/service/src/error.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity Ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

+// Silence: `use of deprecated item 'std::error::Error::cause': replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting`
+// https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/issues/10302
+#![allow(deprecated)]
+
 use ethcore;
 use io;
 use ethcore_private_tx;
--- a/ethcore/service/src/service.rs
+++ b/ethcore/service/src/service.rs
@@ -30,8 +30,10 @@ use blockchain::{BlockChainDB, BlockChainDBHandler};
 use ethcore::client::{Client, ClientConfig, ChainNotify, ClientIoMessage};
 use ethcore::miner::Miner;
 use ethcore::snapshot::service::{Service as SnapshotService, ServiceParams as SnapServiceParams};
-use ethcore::snapshot::{SnapshotService as _SnapshotService, RestorationStatus};
+use ethcore::snapshot::{SnapshotService as _SnapshotService, RestorationStatus, Error as SnapshotError};
 use ethcore::spec::Spec;
+use ethcore::error::{Error as EthcoreError, ErrorKind};
+

 use ethcore_private_tx::{self, Importer, Signer};
 use Error;
@@ -197,6 +199,7 @@ impl ClientService {

 	/// Shutdown the Client Service
 	pub fn shutdown(&self) {
+		trace!(target: "shutdown", "Shutting down Client Service");
 		self.snapshot.shutdown();
 	}
 }
@@ -257,7 +260,11 @@ impl IoHandler<ClientIoMessage> for ClientIoHandler {

 				let res = thread::Builder::new().name("Periodic Snapshot".into()).spawn(move || {
 					if let Err(e) = snapshot.take_snapshot(&*client, num) {
-						warn!("Failed to take snapshot at block #{}: {}", num, e);
+						match e {
+							EthcoreError(ErrorKind::Snapshot(SnapshotError::SnapshotAborted), _) => info!("Snapshot aborted"),
+							_ => warn!("Failed to take snapshot at block #{}: {}", num, e),
+						}
+
 					}
 				});

--- a/ethcore/src/block.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/block.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 //! `ExecutedBlock` is an underlaying data structure used by all structs above to store block
 //! related info.

-use std::cmp;
+use std::{cmp, ops};
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::sync::Arc;

@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ use vm::{EnvInfo, LastHashes};
 use hash::keccak;
 use rlp::{RlpStream, Encodable, encode_list};
 use types::transaction::{SignedTransaction, Error as TransactionError};
-use types::block::Block;
 use types::header::{Header, ExtendedHeader};
 use types::receipt::{Receipt, TransactionOutcome};

@@ -155,69 +154,15 @@ impl ExecutedBlock {
 	}
 }

-/// Trait for a object that is a `ExecutedBlock`.
-pub trait IsBlock {
-	/// Get the `ExecutedBlock` associated with this object.
-	fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock;
-
-	/// Get the base `Block` object associated with this.
-	fn to_base(&self) -> Block {
-		Block {
-			header: self.header().clone(),
-			transactions: self.transactions().iter().cloned().map(Into::into).collect(),
-			uncles: self.uncles().to_vec(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	/// Get the header associated with this object's block.
-	fn header(&self) -> &Header { &self.block().header }
-
-	/// Get the final state associated with this object's block.
-	fn state(&self) -> &State<StateDB> { &self.block().state }
-
-	/// Get all information on transactions in this block.
-	fn transactions(&self) -> &[SignedTransaction] { &self.block().transactions }
-
-	/// Get all information on receipts in this block.
-	fn receipts(&self) -> &[Receipt] { &self.block().receipts }
-
-	/// Get all uncles in this block.
-	fn uncles(&self) -> &[Header] { &self.block().uncles }
-}
-
 /// Trait for an object that owns an `ExecutedBlock`
 pub trait Drain {
 	/// Returns `ExecutedBlock`
 	fn drain(self) -> ExecutedBlock;
 }

-impl IsBlock for ExecutedBlock {
-	fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { self }
-}
-
-impl ::parity_machine::LiveBlock for ExecutedBlock {
-	type Header = Header;
-
-	fn header(&self) -> &Header {
-		&self.header
-	}
-
-	fn uncles(&self) -> &[Header] {
-		&self.uncles
-	}
-}
-
-impl ::parity_machine::Transactions for ExecutedBlock {
-	type Transaction = SignedTransaction;
-
-	fn transactions(&self) -> &[SignedTransaction] {
-		&self.transactions
-	}
-}
-
 impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 	/// Create a new `OpenBlock` ready for transaction pushing.
-	pub fn new<'a>(
+	pub fn new<'a, I: IntoIterator<Item = ExtendedHeader>>(
 		engine: &'x EthEngine,
 		factories: Factories,
 		tracing: bool,
@@ -228,7 +173,7 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 		gas_range_target: (U256, U256),
 		extra_data: Bytes,
 		is_epoch_begin: bool,
-		ancestry: &mut Iterator<Item=ExtendedHeader>,
+		ancestry: I,
 	) -> Result<Self, Error> {
 		let number = parent.number() + 1;
 		let state = State::from_existing(db, parent.state_root().clone(), engine.account_start_nonce(number), factories)?;
@@ -250,7 +195,7 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 		engine.populate_from_parent(&mut r.block.header, parent);

 		engine.machine().on_new_block(&mut r.block)?;
-		engine.on_new_block(&mut r.block, is_epoch_begin, ancestry)?;
+		engine.on_new_block(&mut r.block, is_epoch_begin, &mut ancestry.into_iter())?;

 		Ok(r)
 	}
@@ -270,7 +215,7 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 	/// NOTE Will check chain constraints and the uncle number but will NOT check
 	/// that the header itself is actually valid.
 	pub fn push_uncle(&mut self, valid_uncle_header: Header) -> Result<(), BlockError> {
-		let max_uncles = self.engine.maximum_uncle_count(self.block.header().number());
+		let max_uncles = self.engine.maximum_uncle_count(self.block.header.number());
 		if self.block.uncles.len() + 1 > max_uncles {
 			return Err(BlockError::TooManyUncles(OutOfBounds{
 				min: None,
@@ -284,11 +229,6 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 		Ok(())
 	}

-	/// Get the environment info concerning this block.
-	pub fn env_info(&self) -> EnvInfo {
-		self.block.env_info()
-	}
-
 	/// Push a transaction into the block.
 	///
 	/// If valid, it will be executed, and archived together with the receipt.
@@ -297,7 +237,7 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 			return Err(TransactionError::AlreadyImported.into());
 		}

-		let env_info = self.env_info();
+		let env_info = self.block.env_info();
 		let outcome = self.block.state.apply(&env_info, self.engine.machine(), &t, self.block.traces.is_enabled())?;

 		self.block.transactions_set.insert(h.unwrap_or_else(||t.hash()));
@@ -344,7 +284,6 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 		self.block.header.set_difficulty(*header.difficulty());
 		self.block.header.set_gas_limit(*header.gas_limit());
 		self.block.header.set_timestamp(header.timestamp());
-		self.block.header.set_author(*header.author());
 		self.block.header.set_uncles_hash(*header.uncles_hash());
 		self.block.header.set_transactions_root(*header.transactions_root());
 		// TODO: that's horrible. set only for backwards compatibility
@@ -394,22 +333,39 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 	pub fn block_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ExecutedBlock { &mut self.block }
 }

-impl<'x> IsBlock for OpenBlock<'x> {
-	fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.block }
+impl<'a> ops::Deref for OpenBlock<'a> {
+	type Target = ExecutedBlock;
+
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+		&self.block
+	}
 }

-impl IsBlock for ClosedBlock {
-	fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.block }
+impl ops::Deref for ClosedBlock {
+	type Target = ExecutedBlock;
+
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+		&self.block
+	}
 }

-impl IsBlock for LockedBlock {
-	fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.block }
+impl ops::Deref for LockedBlock {
+	type Target = ExecutedBlock;
+
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+		&self.block
+	}
+}
+
+impl ops::Deref for SealedBlock {
+	type Target = ExecutedBlock;
+
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+		&self.block
+	}
 }

 impl ClosedBlock {
-	/// Get the hash of the header without seal arguments.
-	pub fn hash(&self) -> H256 { self.header().bare_hash() }
-
 	/// Turn this into a `LockedBlock`, unable to be reopened again.
 	pub fn lock(self) -> LockedBlock {
 		LockedBlock {
@@ -443,25 +399,25 @@ impl LockedBlock {
 		self.block.header.set_receipts_root(
 			ordered_trie_root(self.block.receipts.iter().map(|r| r.rlp_bytes()))
 		);
-		// compute hash and cache it.
-		self.block.header.compute_hash();
 	}

-	/// Get the hash of the header without seal arguments.
-	pub fn hash(&self) -> H256 { self.header().bare_hash() }
-
 	/// Provide a valid seal in order to turn this into a `SealedBlock`.
 	///
 	/// NOTE: This does not check the validity of `seal` with the engine.
-	pub fn seal(self, engine: &EthEngine, seal: Vec<Bytes>) -> Result<SealedBlock, BlockError> {
-		let expected_seal_fields = engine.seal_fields(self.header());
+	pub fn seal(self, engine: &EthEngine, seal: Vec<Bytes>) -> Result<SealedBlock, Error> {
+		let expected_seal_fields = engine.seal_fields(&self.header);
 		let mut s = self;
 		if seal.len() != expected_seal_fields {
-			return Err(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(
-				Mismatch { expected: expected_seal_fields, found: seal.len() }));
+			Err(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(Mismatch {
+				expected: expected_seal_fields,
+				found: seal.len()
+			}))?;
 		}
+
 		s.block.header.set_seal(seal);
+		engine.on_seal_block(&mut s.block)?;
 		s.block.header.compute_hash();
+
 		Ok(SealedBlock {
 			block: s.block
 		})
@@ -470,6 +426,7 @@ impl LockedBlock {
 	/// Provide a valid seal in order to turn this into a `SealedBlock`.
 	/// This does check the validity of `seal` with the engine.
 	/// Returns the `ClosedBlock` back again if the seal is no good.
+	/// TODO(https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/issues/10407): This is currently only used in POW chain call paths, we should really merge it with seal() above.
 	pub fn try_seal(
 		self,
 		engine: &EthEngine,
@@ -510,12 +467,8 @@ impl Drain for SealedBlock {
 	}
 }

-impl IsBlock for SealedBlock {
-	fn block(&self) -> &ExecutedBlock { &self.block }
-}
-
 /// Enact the block given by block header, transactions and uncles
-fn enact(
+pub(crate) fn enact(
 	header: Header,
 	transactions: Vec<SignedTransaction>,
 	uncles: Vec<Header>,
@@ -528,13 +481,12 @@ fn enact(
 	is_epoch_begin: bool,
 	ancestry: &mut Iterator<Item=ExtendedHeader>,
 ) -> Result<LockedBlock, Error> {
-	{
-		if ::log::max_level() >= ::log::Level::Trace {
-			let s = State::from_existing(db.boxed_clone(), parent.state_root().clone(), engine.account_start_nonce(parent.number() + 1), factories.clone())?;
-			trace!(target: "enact", "num={}, root={}, author={}, author_balance={}\n",
-				header.number(), s.root(), header.author(), s.balance(&header.author())?);
-		}
-	}
+	// For trace log
+	let trace_state = if log_enabled!(target: "enact", ::log::Level::Trace) {
+		Some(State::from_existing(db.boxed_clone(), parent.state_root().clone(), engine.account_start_nonce(parent.number() + 1), factories.clone())?)
+	} else {
+		None
+	};

 	let mut b = OpenBlock::new(
 		engine,
@@ -543,13 +495,23 @@ fn enact(
 		db,
 		parent,
 		last_hashes,
-		Address::new(),
+		// Engine such as Clique will calculate author from extra_data.
+		// this is only important for executing contracts as the 'executive_author'.
+		engine.executive_author(&header)?,
 		(3141562.into(), 31415620.into()),
 		vec![],
 		is_epoch_begin,
 		ancestry,
 	)?;

+	if let Some(ref s) = trace_state {
+		let env = b.env_info();
+		let root = s.root();
+		let author_balance = s.balance(&env.author)?;
+		trace!(target: "enact", "num={}, root={}, author={}, author_balance={}\n",
+				b.block.header.number(), root, env.author, author_balance);
+	}
+
 	b.populate_from(&header);
 	b.push_transactions(transactions)?;

@@ -615,6 +577,7 @@ mod tests {
 		last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
 		factories: Factories,
 	) -> Result<LockedBlock, Error> {
+
 		let block = Unverified::from_rlp(block_bytes)?;
 		let header = block.header;
 		let transactions: Result<Vec<_>, Error> = block
@@ -644,7 +607,7 @@ mod tests {
 			(3141562.into(), 31415620.into()),
 			vec![],
 			false,
-			&mut Vec::new().into_iter(),
+			None,
 		)?;

 		b.populate_from(&header);
@@ -669,7 +632,7 @@ mod tests {
 	) -> Result<SealedBlock, Error> {
 		let header = Unverified::from_rlp(block_bytes.clone())?.header;
 		Ok(enact_bytes(block_bytes, engine, tracing, db, parent, last_hashes, factories)?
-		   .seal(engine, header.seal().to_vec())?)
+			.seal(engine, header.seal().to_vec())?)
 	}

 	#[test]
@@ -679,7 +642,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
 		let db = spec.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default()).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(&*spec.engine, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(&*spec.engine, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b = b.close_and_lock().unwrap();
 		let _ = b.seal(&*spec.engine, vec![]);
 	}
@@ -693,7 +656,7 @@ mod tests {

 		let db = spec.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default()).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap()
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap()
 			.close_and_lock().unwrap().seal(engine, vec![]).unwrap();
 		let orig_bytes = b.rlp_bytes();
 		let orig_db = b.drain().state.drop().1;
@@ -717,7 +680,7 @@ mod tests {

 		let db = spec.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default()).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
-		let mut open_block = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let mut open_block = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let mut uncle1_header = Header::new();
 		uncle1_header.set_extra_data(b"uncle1".to_vec());
 		let mut uncle2_header = Header::new();
--- a/ethcore/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/builtin.rs
--- a/ethcore/src/client/client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/client.rs
@@ -17,24 +17,27 @@
 use std::cmp;
 use std::collections::{HashSet, BTreeMap, VecDeque};
 use std::str::FromStr;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, AtomicBool, Ordering as AtomicOrdering};
+use std::str::from_utf8;
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, AtomicI64, AtomicBool, Ordering as AtomicOrdering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
-use std::time::{Instant, Duration};
+use std::io::{BufReader, BufRead};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

 use blockchain::{BlockReceipts, BlockChain, BlockChainDB, BlockProvider, TreeRoute, ImportRoute, TransactionAddress, ExtrasInsert, BlockNumberKey};
 use bytes::Bytes;
-use call_contract::{CallContract, RegistryInfo};
-use ethcore_miner::pool::VerifiedTransaction;
-use ethcore_miner::service_transaction_checker::ServiceTransactionChecker;
-use ethereum_types::{H256, Address, U256};
-use evm::Schedule;
+use bytes::ToPretty;
+use error::Error;
+use ethereum_types::{Address, H256, H264, U256};
 use hash::keccak;
-use io::IoChannel;
+use call_contract::CallContract;
+use ethcore_miner::pool::VerifiedTransaction;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use journaldb;
-use kvdb::{DBValue, KeyValueDB, DBTransaction};
+use kvdb::{DBTransaction, DBValue, KeyValueDB};
 use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
 use rand::OsRng;
+use rlp::PayloadInfo;
+use rustc_hex::FromHex;
 use types::transaction::{self, LocalizedTransaction, UnverifiedTransaction, SignedTransaction, Action};
 use trie::{TrieSpec, TrieFactory, Trie};
 use types::ancestry_action::AncestryAction;
@@ -44,27 +47,28 @@ use types::log_entry::LocalizedLogEntry;
 use types::receipt::{Receipt, LocalizedReceipt};
 use types::{BlockNumber, header::{Header, ExtendedHeader}};
 use vm::{EnvInfo, LastHashes};
+use types::data_format::DataFormat;

-use block::{IsBlock, LockedBlock, Drain, ClosedBlock, OpenBlock, enact_verified, SealedBlock};
+use block::{LockedBlock, Drain, ClosedBlock, OpenBlock, enact_verified, SealedBlock};
 use client::ancient_import::AncientVerifier;
 use client::{
 	Nonce, Balance, ChainInfo, BlockInfo, TransactionInfo,
 	ReopenBlock, PrepareOpenBlock, ScheduleInfo, ImportSealedBlock,
 	BroadcastProposalBlock, ImportBlock, StateOrBlock, StateInfo, StateClient, Call,
 	AccountData, BlockChain as BlockChainTrait, BlockProducer, SealedBlockImporter,
-	ClientIoMessage, BlockChainReset
+	ClientIoMessage, BlockChainReset, ImportExportBlocks
 };
 use client::{
 	BlockId, TransactionId, UncleId, TraceId, ClientConfig, BlockChainClient,
 	TraceFilter, CallAnalytics, Mode,
 	ChainNotify, NewBlocks, ChainRoute, PruningInfo, ProvingBlockChainClient, EngineInfo, ChainMessageType,
-	IoClient, BadBlocks,
+	IoClient, BadBlocks, traits::ForceUpdateSealing
 };
 use client::bad_blocks;
-use engines::{EthEngine, EpochTransition, ForkChoice, EngineError};
+use engines::{MAX_UNCLE_AGE, EthEngine, EpochTransition, ForkChoice, EngineError};
 use engines::epoch::PendingTransition;
 use error::{
-	ImportErrorKind, ExecutionError, CallError, BlockError,
+	ImportErrorKind, ExecutionError, CallError, BlockError, ImportError,
 	QueueError, QueueErrorKind, Error as EthcoreError, EthcoreResult, ErrorKind as EthcoreErrorKind
 };
 use executive::{Executive, Executed, TransactOptions, contract_address};
@@ -81,13 +85,15 @@ use verification::queue::kind::blocks::Unverified;
 use verification::{PreverifiedBlock, Verifier, BlockQueue};
 use verification;
 use ansi_term::Colour;
-
+use call_contract::RegistryInfo;
+use io::IoChannel;
+use vm::Schedule;
 // re-export
 pub use types::blockchain_info::BlockChainInfo;
 pub use types::block_status::BlockStatus;
 pub use blockchain::CacheSize as BlockChainCacheSize;
 pub use verification::QueueInfo as BlockQueueInfo;
-use db::Writable;
+use db::{Writable, Readable, keys::BlockDetails};

 use_contract!(registry, "res/contracts/registrar.json");

@@ -154,7 +160,7 @@ struct Importer {
 	pub import_lock: Mutex<()>, // FIXME Maybe wrap the whole `Importer` instead?

 	/// Used to verify blocks
-	pub verifier: Box<Verifier<Client>>,
+	pub verifier: Box<dyn Verifier<Client>>,

 	/// Queue containing pending blocks
 	pub block_queue: BlockQueue,
@@ -197,7 +203,7 @@ pub struct Client {
 	pruning: journaldb::Algorithm,

 	/// Client uses this to store blocks, traces, etc.
-	db: RwLock<Arc<BlockChainDB>>,
+	db: RwLock<Arc<dyn BlockChainDB>>,

 	state_db: RwLock<StateDB>,

@@ -211,7 +217,7 @@ pub struct Client {
 	io_channel: RwLock<IoChannel<ClientIoMessage>>,

 	/// List of actors to be notified on certain chain events
-	notify: RwLock<Vec<Weak<ChainNotify>>>,
+	notify: RwLock<Vec<Weak<dyn ChainNotify>>>,

 	/// Queued transactions from IO
 	queue_transactions: IoChannelQueue,
@@ -233,12 +239,12 @@ pub struct Client {
 	history: u64,

 	/// An action to be done if a mode/spec_name change happens
-	on_user_defaults_change: Mutex<Option<Box<FnMut(Option<Mode>) + 'static + Send>>>,
+	on_user_defaults_change: Mutex<Option<Box<dyn FnMut(Option<Mode>) + 'static + Send>>>,

 	registrar_address: Option<Address>,

 	/// A closure to call when we want to restart the client
-	exit_handler: Mutex<Option<Box<Fn(String) + 'static + Send>>>,
+	exit_handler: Mutex<Option<Box<dyn Fn(String) + 'static + Send>>>,

 	importer: Importer,
 }
@@ -249,8 +255,13 @@ impl Importer {
 		engine: Arc<EthEngine>,
 		message_channel: IoChannel<ClientIoMessage>,
 		miner: Arc<Miner>,
-	) -> Result<Importer, ::error::Error> {
-		let block_queue = BlockQueue::new(config.queue.clone(), engine.clone(), message_channel.clone(), config.verifier_type.verifying_seal());
+	) -> Result<Importer, EthcoreError> {
+		let block_queue = BlockQueue::new(
+			config.queue.clone(),
+			engine.clone(),
+			message_channel.clone(),
+			config.verifier_type.verifying_seal()
+		);

 		Ok(Importer {
 			import_lock: Mutex::new(()),
@@ -298,19 +309,11 @@ impl Importer {

 				match self.check_and_lock_block(&bytes, block, client) {
 					Ok((closed_block, pending)) => {
-						if self.engine.is_proposal(&header) {
-							self.block_queue.mark_as_good(&[hash]);
-							proposed_blocks.push(bytes);
-						} else {
-							imported_blocks.push(hash);
-
-							let transactions_len = closed_block.transactions().len();
-
-							let route = self.commit_block(closed_block, &header, encoded::Block::new(bytes), pending, client);
-							import_results.push(route);
-
-							client.report.write().accrue_block(&header, transactions_len);
-						}
+						imported_blocks.push(hash);
+						let transactions_len = closed_block.transactions.len();
+						let route = self.commit_block(closed_block, &header, encoded::Block::new(bytes), pending, client);
+						import_results.push(route);
+						client.report.write().accrue_block(&header, transactions_len);
 					},
 					Err(err) => {
 						self.bad_blocks.report(bytes, format!("{:?}", err));
@@ -407,6 +410,7 @@ impl Importer {
 		let db = client.state_db.read().boxed_clone_canon(header.parent_hash());

 		let is_epoch_begin = chain.epoch_transition(parent.number(), *header.parent_hash()).is_some();
+
 		let enact_result = enact_verified(
 			block,
 			engine,
@@ -431,13 +435,13 @@ impl Importer {
 		// if the expected receipts root header does not match.
 		// (i.e. allow inconsistency in receipts outcome before the transition block)
 		if header.number() < engine.params().validate_receipts_transition
-			&& header.receipts_root() != locked_block.block().header().receipts_root()
+			&& header.receipts_root() != locked_block.header.receipts_root()
 		{
 			locked_block.strip_receipts_outcomes();
 		}

 		// Final Verification
-		if let Err(e) = self.verifier.verify_block_final(&header, locked_block.block().header()) {
+		if let Err(e) = self.verifier.verify_block_final(&header, &locked_block.header) {
 			warn!(target: "client", "Stage 5 block verification failed for #{} ({})\nError: {:?}", header.number(), header.hash(), e);
 			bail!(e);
 		}
@@ -445,8 +449,8 @@ impl Importer {
 		let pending = self.check_epoch_end_signal(
 			&header,
 			bytes,
-			locked_block.receipts(),
-			locked_block.state().db(),
+			&locked_block.receipts,
+			locked_block.state.db(),
 			client
 		)?;

@@ -483,7 +487,16 @@ impl Importer {
 	//
 	// The header passed is from the original block data and is sealed.
 	// TODO: should return an error if ImportRoute is none, issue #9910
-	fn commit_block<B>(&self, block: B, header: &Header, block_data: encoded::Block, pending: Option<PendingTransition>, client: &Client) -> ImportRoute where B: Drain {
+	fn commit_block<B>(
+		&self,
+		block: B,
+		header: &Header,
+		block_data: encoded::Block,
+		pending: Option<PendingTransition>,
+		client: &Client
+	) -> ImportRoute
+		where B: Drain
+	{
 		let hash = &header.hash();
 		let number = header.number();
 		let parent = header.parent_hash();
@@ -772,8 +785,8 @@ impl Client {
 			liveness: AtomicBool::new(awake),
 			mode: Mutex::new(config.mode.clone()),
 			chain: RwLock::new(chain),
-			tracedb: tracedb,
-			engine: engine,
+			tracedb,
+			engine,
 			pruning: config.pruning.clone(),
 			db: RwLock::new(db.clone()),
 			state_db: RwLock::new(state_db),
@@ -786,8 +799,8 @@ impl Client {
 			ancient_blocks_import_lock: Default::default(),
 			queue_consensus_message: IoChannelQueue::new(usize::max_value()),
 			last_hashes: RwLock::new(VecDeque::new()),
-			factories: factories,
-			history: history,
+			factories,
+			history,
 			on_user_defaults_change: Mutex::new(None),
 			registrar_address,
 			exit_handler: Mutex::new(None),
@@ -1025,15 +1038,16 @@ impl Client {
 	}

 	/// Get a copy of the best block's state.
-	pub fn latest_state(&self) -> State<StateDB> {
+	pub fn latest_state_and_header(&self) -> (State<StateDB>, Header) {
 		let header = self.best_block_header();
-		State::from_existing(
+		let state = State::from_existing(
 			self.state_db.read().boxed_clone_canon(&header.hash()),
 			*header.state_root(),
 			self.engine.account_start_nonce(header.number()),
 			self.factories.clone()
 		)
-		.expect("State root of best block header always valid.")
+		.expect("State root of best block header always valid.");
+		(state, header)
 	}

 	/// Attempt to get a copy of a specific block's final state.
@@ -1043,9 +1057,9 @@ impl Client {
 	/// is unknown.
 	pub fn state_at(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<State<StateDB>> {
 		// fast path for latest state.
-		match id.clone() {
-			BlockId::Latest => return Some(self.latest_state()),
-			_ => {},
+		if let BlockId::Latest = id {
+			let (state, _) = self.latest_state_and_header();
+			return Some(state)
 		}

 		let block_number = match self.block_number(id) {
@@ -1079,8 +1093,9 @@ impl Client {
 	}

 	/// Get a copy of the best block's state.
-	pub fn state(&self) -> Box<StateInfo> {
-		Box::new(self.latest_state()) as Box<_>
+	pub fn state(&self) -> impl StateInfo {
+		let (state, _) = self.latest_state_and_header();
+		state
 	}

 	/// Get info on the cache.
@@ -1117,7 +1132,7 @@ impl Client {
 				let mut ss = self.sleep_state.lock();
 				if let Some(t) = ss.last_activity {
 					if Instant::now() > t + timeout {
-						self.sleep();
+						self.sleep(false);
 						ss.last_activity = None;
 					}
 				}
@@ -1127,7 +1142,7 @@ impl Client {
 				let now = Instant::now();
 				if let Some(t) = ss.last_activity {
 					if now > t + timeout {
-						self.sleep();
+						self.sleep(false);
 						ss.last_activity = None;
 						ss.last_autosleep = Some(now);
 					}
@@ -1146,10 +1161,15 @@ impl Client {

 	/// Take a snapshot at the given block.
 	/// If the ID given is "latest", this will default to 1000 blocks behind.
-	pub fn take_snapshot<W: snapshot_io::SnapshotWriter + Send>(&self, writer: W, at: BlockId, p: &snapshot::Progress) -> Result<(), EthcoreError> {
+	pub fn take_snapshot<W: snapshot_io::SnapshotWriter + Send>(
+		&self,
+		writer: W,
+		at: BlockId,
+		p: &snapshot::Progress,
+	) -> Result<(), EthcoreError> {
 		let db = self.state_db.read().journal_db().boxed_clone();
 		let best_block_number = self.chain_info().best_block_number;
-		let block_number = self.block_number(at).ok_or(snapshot::Error::InvalidStartingBlock(at))?;
+		let block_number = self.block_number(at).ok_or_else(|| snapshot::Error::InvalidStartingBlock(at))?;

 		if db.is_pruned() && self.pruning_info().earliest_state > block_number {
 			return Err(snapshot::Error::OldBlockPrunedDB.into());
@@ -1176,8 +1196,16 @@ impl Client {
 		};

 		let processing_threads = self.config.snapshot.processing_threads;
-		snapshot::take_snapshot(&*self.engine, &self.chain.read(), start_hash, db.as_hash_db(), writer, p, processing_threads)?;
-
+		let chunker = self.engine.snapshot_components().ok_or(snapshot::Error::SnapshotsUnsupported)?;
+		snapshot::take_snapshot(
+			chunker,
+			&self.chain.read(),
+			start_hash,
+			db.as_hash_db(),
+			writer,
+			p,
+			processing_threads,
+		)?;
 		Ok(())
 	}

@@ -1213,10 +1241,10 @@ impl Client {
 		}
 	}

-	fn sleep(&self) {
+	fn sleep(&self, force: bool) {
 		if self.liveness.load(AtomicOrdering::Relaxed) {
 			// only sleep if the import queue is mostly empty.
-			if self.queue_info().total_queue_size() <= MAX_QUEUE_SIZE_TO_SLEEP_ON {
+			if force || (self.queue_info().total_queue_size() <= MAX_QUEUE_SIZE_TO_SLEEP_ON) {
 				self.liveness.store(false, AtomicOrdering::Relaxed);
 				self.notify(|n| n.stop());
 				info!(target: "mode", "sleep: Sleeping.");
@@ -1335,37 +1363,60 @@ impl BlockChainReset for Client {
 	fn reset(&self, num: u32) -> Result<(), String> {
 		if num as u64 > self.pruning_history() {
 			return Err("Attempting to reset to block with pruned state".into())
+		} else if num == 0 {
+			return Err("invalid number of blocks to reset".into())
 		}

-		let (blocks_to_delete, best_block_hash) = self.chain.read()
-			.block_headers_from_best_block(num)
-			.ok_or("Attempted to reset past genesis block")?;
+		let mut blocks_to_delete = Vec::with_capacity(num as usize);
+		let mut best_block_hash = self.chain.read().best_block_hash();
+		let mut batch = DBTransaction::with_capacity(blocks_to_delete.len());

-		let mut db_transaction = DBTransaction::with_capacity((num + 1) as usize);
+		for _ in 0..num {
+			let current_header = self.chain.read().block_header_data(&best_block_hash)
+				.expect("best_block_hash was fetched from db; block_header_data should exist in db; qed");
+			best_block_hash = current_header.parent_hash();

-		for hash in &blocks_to_delete {
-			db_transaction.delete(::db::COL_HEADERS, &hash.hash());
-			db_transaction.delete(::db::COL_BODIES, &hash.hash());
-			db_transaction.delete(::db::COL_EXTRA, &hash.hash());
+			let (number, hash) = (current_header.number(), current_header.hash());
+			batch.delete(::db::COL_HEADERS, &hash);
+			batch.delete(::db::COL_BODIES, &hash);
+			Writable::delete::<BlockDetails, H264>
+				(&mut batch, ::db::COL_EXTRA, &hash);
 			Writable::delete::<H256, BlockNumberKey>
-				(&mut db_transaction, ::db::COL_EXTRA, &hash.number());
+				(&mut batch, ::db::COL_EXTRA, &number);
+
+			blocks_to_delete.push((number, hash));
 		}

+		let hashes = blocks_to_delete.iter().map(|(_, hash)| hash).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+		info!("Deleting block hashes {}",
+			  Colour::Red
+				  .bold()
+				  .paint(format!("{:#?}", hashes))
+		);
+
+		let mut best_block_details = Readable::read::<BlockDetails, H264>(
+			&**self.db.read().key_value(),
+			::db::COL_EXTRA,
+			&best_block_hash
+		).expect("block was previously imported; best_block_details should exist; qed");
+
+		let (_, last_hash) = blocks_to_delete.last()
+			.expect("num is > 0; blocks_to_delete can't be empty; qed");
+		// remove the last block as a child so that it can be re-imported
+		// ethcore/blockchain/src/blockchain.rs/Blockchain::is_known_child()
+		best_block_details.children.retain(|h| *h != *last_hash);
+		batch.write(
+			::db::COL_EXTRA,
+			&best_block_hash,
+			&best_block_details
+		);
 		// update the new best block hash
-		db_transaction.put(::db::COL_EXTRA, b"best", &*best_block_hash);
+		batch.put(::db::COL_EXTRA, b"best", &best_block_hash);

 		self.db.read()
 			.key_value()
-			.write(db_transaction)
-			.map_err(|err| format!("could not complete reset operation; io error occured: {}", err))?;
-
-		let hashes = blocks_to_delete.iter().map(|b| b.hash()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-		info!("Deleting block hashes {}",
-			Colour::Red
-				.bold()
-				.paint(format!("{:#?}", hashes))
-		);
+			.write(batch)
+			.map_err(|err| format!("could not delete blocks; io error occurred: {}", err))?;

 		info!("New best block hash {}", Colour::Green.bold().paint(format!("{:?}", best_block_hash)));

@@ -1497,8 +1548,8 @@ impl ImportBlock for Client {
 impl StateClient for Client {
 	type State = State<::state_db::StateDB>;

-	fn latest_state(&self) -> Self::State {
-		Client::latest_state(self)
+	fn latest_state_and_header(&self) -> (Self::State, Header) {
+		Client::latest_state_and_header(self)
 	}

 	fn state_at(&self, id: BlockId) -> Option<Self::State> {
@@ -1578,22 +1629,27 @@ impl Call for Client {
 			let schedule = machine.schedule(env_info.number);
 			Executive::new(&mut clone, &env_info, &machine, &schedule)
 				.transact_virtual(&tx, options())
-				.ok()
-				.map(|r| r.exception.is_none())
 		};

-		let cond = |gas| exec(gas).unwrap_or(false);
+		let cond = |gas| {
+			exec(gas)
+				.ok()
+				.map_or(false, |r| r.exception.is_none())
+		};

 		if !cond(upper) {
 			upper = max_upper;
 			match exec(upper) {
-				Some(false) => return Err(CallError::Exceptional),
-				None => {
+				Ok(v) => {
+					if let Some(exception) = v.exception {
+						return Err(CallError::Exceptional(exception))
+					}
+				},
+				Err(_e) => {
 					trace!(target: "estimate_gas", "estimate_gas failed with {}", upper);
 					let err = ExecutionError::Internal(format!("Requires higher than upper limit of {}", upper));
 					return Err(err.into())
-				},
-				_ => {},
+				}
 			}
 		}
 		let lower = t.gas_required(&self.engine.schedule(env_info.number)).into();
@@ -1697,7 +1753,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		}
 		match new_mode {
 			Mode::Active => self.wake_up(),
-			Mode::Off => self.sleep(),
+			Mode::Off => self.sleep(true),
 			_ => {(*self.sleep_state.lock()).last_activity = Some(Instant::now()); }
 		}
 	}
@@ -1926,7 +1982,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	}

 	fn find_uncles(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Vec<H256>> {
-		self.chain.read().find_uncle_hashes(hash, self.engine.maximum_uncle_age())
+		self.chain.read().find_uncle_hashes(hash, MAX_UNCLE_AGE)
 	}

 	fn state_data(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes> {
@@ -2046,7 +2102,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 			blocks
 		};

-		Ok(self.chain.read().logs(blocks, |entry| filter.matches(entry), filter.limit))
+		Ok(chain.logs(blocks, |entry| filter.matches(entry), filter.limit))
 	}

 	fn filter_traces(&self, filter: TraceFilter) -> Option<Vec<LocalizedTrace>> {
@@ -2159,10 +2215,14 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {

 	fn transact_contract(&self, address: Address, data: Bytes) -> Result<(), transaction::Error> {
 		let authoring_params = self.importer.miner.authoring_params();
-		let service_transaction_checker = ServiceTransactionChecker::default();
-		let gas_price = match service_transaction_checker.check_address(self, authoring_params.author) {
-			Ok(true) => U256::zero(),
-			_ => self.importer.miner.sensible_gas_price(),
+		let service_transaction_checker = self.importer.miner.service_transaction_checker();
+		let gas_price = if let Some(checker) = service_transaction_checker {
+			match checker.check_address(self, authoring_params.author) {
+				Ok(true) => U256::zero(),
+				_ => self.importer.miner.sensible_gas_price(),
+			}
+		} else {
+			self.importer.miner.sensible_gas_price()
 		};
 		let transaction = transaction::Transaction {
 			nonce: self.latest_nonce(&authoring_params.author),
@@ -2284,24 +2344,24 @@ impl ReopenBlock for Client {
 	fn reopen_block(&self, block: ClosedBlock) -> OpenBlock {
 		let engine = &*self.engine;
 		let mut block = block.reopen(engine);
-		let max_uncles = engine.maximum_uncle_count(block.header().number());
-		if block.uncles().len() < max_uncles {
+		let max_uncles = engine.maximum_uncle_count(block.header.number());
+		if block.uncles.len() < max_uncles {
 			let chain = self.chain.read();
 			let h = chain.best_block_hash();
 			// Add new uncles
 			let uncles = chain
-				.find_uncle_hashes(&h, engine.maximum_uncle_age())
+				.find_uncle_hashes(&h, MAX_UNCLE_AGE)
 				.unwrap_or_else(Vec::new);

 			for h in uncles {
-				if !block.uncles().iter().any(|header| header.hash() == h) {
+				if !block.uncles.iter().any(|header| header.hash() == h) {
 					let uncle = chain.block_header_data(&h).expect("find_uncle_hashes only returns hashes for existing headers; qed");
 					let uncle = uncle.decode().expect("decoding failure");
 					block.push_uncle(uncle).expect("pushing up to maximum_uncle_count;
 												push_uncle is not ok only if more than maximum_uncle_count is pushed;
 												so all push_uncle are Ok;
 												qed");
-					if block.uncles().len() >= max_uncles { break }
+					if block.uncles.len() >= max_uncles { break }
 				}
 			}

@@ -2329,15 +2389,15 @@ impl PrepareOpenBlock for Client {
 			gas_range_target,
 			extra_data,
 			is_epoch_begin,
-			&mut chain.ancestry_with_metadata_iter(best_header.hash()),
+			chain.ancestry_with_metadata_iter(best_header.hash()),
 		)?;

 		// Add uncles
 		chain
-			.find_uncle_headers(&h, engine.maximum_uncle_age())
+			.find_uncle_headers(&h, MAX_UNCLE_AGE)
 			.unwrap_or_else(Vec::new)
 			.into_iter()
-			.take(engine.maximum_uncle_count(open_block.header().number()))
+			.take(engine.maximum_uncle_count(open_block.header.number()))
 			.foreach(|h| {
 				open_block.push_uncle(h.decode().expect("decoding failure")).expect("pushing maximum_uncle_count;
 												open_block was just created;
@@ -2362,9 +2422,11 @@ impl ImportSealedBlock for Client {
 	fn import_sealed_block(&self, block: SealedBlock) -> EthcoreResult<H256> {
 		let start = Instant::now();
 		let raw = block.rlp_bytes();
-		let header = block.header().clone();
+		let header = block.header.clone();
 		let hash = header.hash();
-		self.notify(|n| n.block_pre_import(&raw, &hash, header.difficulty()));
+		self.notify(|n| {
+			n.block_pre_import(&raw, &hash, header.difficulty())
+		});

 		let route = {
 			// Do a super duper basic verification to detect potential bugs
@@ -2385,8 +2447,8 @@ impl ImportSealedBlock for Client {
 			let pending = self.importer.check_epoch_end_signal(
 				&header,
 				&block_data,
-				block.receipts(),
-				block.state().db(),
+				&block.receipts,
+				block.state.db(),
 				self
 			)?;
 			let route = self.importer.commit_block(
@@ -2452,19 +2514,22 @@ impl ::miner::TransactionVerifierClient for Client {}
 impl ::miner::BlockChainClient for Client {}

 impl super::traits::EngineClient for Client {
-	fn update_sealing(&self) {
-		self.importer.miner.update_sealing(self)
+	fn update_sealing(&self, force: ForceUpdateSealing) {
+		self.importer.miner.update_sealing(self, force)
 	}

 	fn submit_seal(&self, block_hash: H256, seal: Vec<Bytes>) {
-		let import = self.importer.miner.submit_seal(block_hash, seal).and_then(|block| self.import_sealed_block(block));
+		let import = self.importer.miner.submit_seal(block_hash, seal)
+			.and_then(|block| self.import_sealed_block(block));
 		if let Err(err) = import {
 			warn!(target: "poa", "Wrong internal seal submission! {:?}", err);
 		}
 	}

 	fn broadcast_consensus_message(&self, message: Bytes) {
-		self.notify(|notify| notify.broadcast(ChainMessageType::Consensus(message.clone())));
+		self.notify(|notify| {
+			notify.broadcast(ChainMessageType::Consensus(message.clone()))
+		});
 	}

 	fn epoch_transition_for(&self, parent_hash: H256) -> Option<::engines::EpochTransition> {
@@ -2521,9 +2586,139 @@ impl ProvingBlockChainClient for Client {

 impl SnapshotClient for Client {}

-impl Drop for Client {
-	fn drop(&mut self) {
-		self.engine.stop();
+
+impl ImportExportBlocks for Client {
+	fn export_blocks<'a>(
+		&self,
+		mut out: Box<dyn std::io::Write + 'a>,
+		from: BlockId,
+		to: BlockId,
+		format: Option<DataFormat>
+	) -> Result<(), String> {
+		let from = self.block_number(from).ok_or("Starting block could not be found")?;
+		let to = self.block_number(to).ok_or("End block could not be found")?;
+		let format = format.unwrap_or_default();
+
+		for i in from..=to {
+			if i % 10000 == 0 {
+				info!("#{}", i);
+			}
+			let b = self.block(BlockId::Number(i))
+				.ok_or("Error exporting incomplete chain")?
+				.into_inner();
+			match format {
+				DataFormat::Binary => {
+					out.write(&b)
+						.map_err(|e| {
+							format!("Couldn't write to stream. Cause: {}", e)
+						})?;
+				}
+				DataFormat::Hex => {
+					out.write_fmt(format_args!("{}\n", b.pretty()))
+						.map_err(|e| {
+							format!("Couldn't write to stream. Cause: {}", e)
+						})?;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	fn import_blocks<'a>(
+		&self,
+		mut source: Box<dyn std::io::Read + 'a>,
+		format: Option<DataFormat>
+	) -> Result<(), String> {
+		const READAHEAD_BYTES: usize = 8;
+
+		let mut first_bytes: Vec<u8> = vec![0; READAHEAD_BYTES];
+		let mut first_read = 0;
+
+		let format = match format {
+			Some(format) => format,
+			None => {
+				first_read = source.read(&mut first_bytes)
+					.map_err(|_| {
+						"Error reading from the file/stream."
+					})?;
+				match first_bytes[0] {
+					0xf9 => DataFormat::Binary,
+					_ => DataFormat::Hex,
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		let do_import = |bytes: Vec<u8>| {
+			let block = Unverified::from_rlp(bytes).map_err(|_| "Invalid block rlp")?;
+			let number = block.header.number();
+			while self.queue_info().is_full() {
+				std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
+			}
+			match self.import_block(block) {
+				Err(Error(EthcoreErrorKind::Import(ImportErrorKind::AlreadyInChain), _)) => {
+					trace!("Skipping block #{}: already in chain.", number);
+				}
+				Err(e) => {
+					return Err(format!("Cannot import block #{}: {:?}", number, e));
+				},
+				Ok(_) => {},
+			}
+			Ok(())
+		};
+
+		match format {
+			DataFormat::Binary => {
+				loop {
+					let (mut bytes, n) = if first_read > 0 {
+						(first_bytes.clone(), first_read)
+					} else {
+						let mut bytes = vec![0; READAHEAD_BYTES];
+						let n = source.read(&mut bytes)
+							.map_err(|err| {
+								format!("Error reading from the file/stream: {:?}", err)
+							})?;
+						(bytes, n)
+					};
+					if n == 0 { break; }
+					first_read = 0;
+					let s = PayloadInfo::from(&bytes)
+						.map_err(|e| {
+							format!("Invalid RLP in the file/stream: {:?}", e)
+						})?.total();
+					bytes.resize(s, 0);
+					source.read_exact(&mut bytes[n..])
+						.map_err(|err| {
+							format!("Error reading from the file/stream: {:?}", err)
+						})?;
+					do_import(bytes)?;
+				}
+			}
+			DataFormat::Hex => {
+				for line in BufReader::new(source).lines() {
+					let s = line
+						.map_err(|err| {
+							format!("Error reading from the file/stream: {:?}", err)
+						})?;
+					let s = if first_read > 0 {
+						from_utf8(&first_bytes)
+							.map_err(|err| {
+								format!("Invalid UTF-8: {:?}", err)
+							})?
+							.to_owned() + &(s[..])
+					} else {
+						s
+					};
+					first_read = 0;
+					let bytes = s.from_hex()
+						.map_err(|err| {
+							format!("Invalid hex in file/stream: {:?}", err)
+						})?;
+					do_import(bytes)?;
+				}
+			}
+		};
+		self.flush_queue();
+		Ok(())
 	}
 }

@@ -2572,8 +2767,52 @@ fn transaction_receipt(
 	}
 }

+/// Queue some items to be processed by IO client.
+struct IoChannelQueue {
+	/// Using a *signed* integer for counting currently queued messages since the
+	/// order in which the counter is incremented and decremented is not defined.
+	/// Using an unsigned integer can (and will) result in integer underflow,
+	/// incorrectly rejecting messages and returning a FullQueue error.
+	currently_queued: Arc<AtomicI64>,
+	limit: i64,
+}
+
+impl IoChannelQueue {
+	pub fn new(limit: usize) -> Self {
+		let limit = i64::try_from(limit).unwrap_or(i64::max_value());
+		IoChannelQueue {
+			currently_queued: Default::default(),
+			limit,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn queue<F>(&self, channel: &IoChannel<ClientIoMessage>, count: usize, fun: F) -> EthcoreResult<()> where
+		F: Fn(&Client) + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	{
+		let queue_size = self.currently_queued.load(AtomicOrdering::Relaxed);
+		if queue_size >= self.limit {
+			let err_limit = usize::try_from(self.limit).unwrap_or(usize::max_value());
+			bail!("The queue is full ({})", err_limit);
+		};
+
+		let count = i64::try_from(count).unwrap_or(i64::max_value());
+
+		let currently_queued = self.currently_queued.clone();
+		let _ok = channel.send(ClientIoMessage::execute(move |client| {
+			currently_queued.fetch_sub(count, AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
+			fun(client);
+		}))?;
+
+		self.currently_queued.fetch_add(count, AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
+		Ok(())
+	}
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+	use test_helpers::{generate_dummy_client, generate_dummy_client_with_data, generate_dummy_client_with_spec_and_data, get_good_dummy_block_hash};
+	use blockchain::{BlockProvider, ExtrasInsert};
+	use spec::Spec;

 	#[test]
 	fn should_not_cache_details_before_commit() {
@@ -2585,7 +2824,6 @@ mod tests {
 		use std::sync::Arc;
 		use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 		use kvdb::DBTransaction;
-		use blockchain::ExtrasInsert;
 		use types::encoded;

 		let client = generate_dummy_client(0);
@@ -2727,40 +2965,23 @@ mod tests {
 			outcome: TransactionOutcome::StateRoot(state_root),
 		});
 	}
-}

-/// Queue some items to be processed by IO client.
-struct IoChannelQueue {
-	currently_queued: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
-	limit: usize,
-}
+	#[test]
+	fn should_mark_finalization_correctly_for_parent() {
+		let client = generate_dummy_client_with_spec_and_data(Spec::new_test_with_finality, 2, 0, &[]);
+		let chain = client.chain();

-impl IoChannelQueue {
-	pub fn new(limit: usize) -> Self {
-		IoChannelQueue {
-			currently_queued: Default::default(),
-			limit,
-		}
-	}
+		let block1_details = chain.block_hash(1).and_then(|h| chain.block_details(&h));
+		assert!(block1_details.is_some());
+		let block1_details = block1_details.unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(block1_details.children.len(), 1);
+		assert!(block1_details.is_finalized);

-	pub fn queue<F>(&self, channel: &IoChannel<ClientIoMessage>, count: usize, fun: F) -> Result<(), QueueError> where
-		F: Fn(&Client) + Send + Sync + 'static,
-	{
-		let queue_size = self.currently_queued.load(AtomicOrdering::Relaxed);
-		ensure!(queue_size < self.limit, QueueErrorKind::Full(self.limit));
-
-		let currently_queued = self.currently_queued.clone();
-		let result = channel.send(ClientIoMessage::execute(move |client| {
-			currently_queued.fetch_sub(count, AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
-			fun(client);
-		}));
-
-		match result {
-			Ok(_) => {
-				self.currently_queued.fetch_add(count, AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
-				Ok(())
-			},
-			Err(e) => bail!(QueueErrorKind::Channel(e)),
-		}
+		let block2_details = chain.block_hash(2).and_then(|h| chain.block_details(&h));
+		assert!(block2_details.is_some());
+		let block2_details = block2_details.unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(block2_details.children.len(), 0);
+		assert!(!block2_details.is_finalized);
 	}
 }
+
--- a/ethcore/src/client/evm_test_client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/evm_test_client.rs
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ impl<'a> EvmTestClient<'a> {
 			ForkSpec::Byzantium => Some(ethereum::new_byzantium_test()),
 			ForkSpec::Constantinople => Some(ethereum::new_constantinople_test()),
 			ForkSpec::ConstantinopleFix => Some(ethereum::new_constantinople_fix_test()),
+			ForkSpec::Istanbul => Some(ethereum::new_istanbul_test()),
 			ForkSpec::EIP158ToByzantiumAt5 => Some(ethereum::new_transition_test()),
 			ForkSpec::FrontierToHomesteadAt5 | ForkSpec::HomesteadToDaoAt5 | ForkSpec::HomesteadToEIP150At5 => None,
 		}
@@ -241,16 +242,17 @@ impl<'a> EvmTestClient<'a> {
 		transaction: transaction::SignedTransaction,
 		tracer: T,
 		vm_tracer: V,
-	) -> TransactResult<T::Output, V::Output> {
+	) -> std::result::Result<TransactSuccess<T::Output, V::Output>, TransactErr> {
 		let initial_gas = transaction.gas;
 		// Verify transaction
-		let is_ok = transaction.verify_basic(true, None, false);
+		let is_ok = transaction.verify_basic(true, None);
 		if let Err(error) = is_ok {
-			return TransactResult::Err {
-				state_root: *self.state.root(),
-				error: error.into(),
-				end_state: (self.dump_state)(&self.state),
-			};
+			return Err(
+				TransactErr{
+					state_root: *self.state.root(),
+					error: error.into(),
+					end_state: (self.dump_state)(&self.state),
+				});
 		}

 		// Apply transaction
@@ -283,7 +285,7 @@ impl<'a> EvmTestClient<'a> {

 		match result {
 			Ok(result) => {
-				TransactResult::Ok {
+				Ok(TransactSuccess {
 					state_root,
 					gas_left: initial_gas - result.receipt.gas_used,
 					outcome: result.receipt.outcome,
@@ -298,47 +300,48 @@ impl<'a> EvmTestClient<'a> {
 					},
 					end_state,
 				}
-			},
-			Err(error) => TransactResult::Err {
+			)},
+			Err(error) => Err(TransactErr {
 				state_root,
 				error,
 				end_state,
-			},
+			}),
 		}
 	}
 }

-/// A result of applying transaction to the state.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum TransactResult<T, V> {
-	/// Successful execution
-	Ok {
-		/// State root
-		state_root: H256,
-		/// Amount of gas left
-		gas_left: U256,
-		/// Output
-		output: Vec<u8>,
-		/// Traces
-		trace: Vec<T>,
-		/// VM Traces
-		vm_trace: Option<V>,
-		/// Created contract address (if any)
-		contract_address: Option<H160>,
-		/// Generated logs
-		logs: Vec<log_entry::LogEntry>,
-		/// outcome
-		outcome: receipt::TransactionOutcome,
-		/// end state if needed
-		end_state: Option<pod_state::PodState>,
-	},
-	/// Transaction failed to run
-	Err {
-		/// State root
-		state_root: H256,
-		/// Execution error
-		error: ::error::Error,
-		/// end state if needed
-		end_state: Option<pod_state::PodState>,
-	},
+/// To be returned inside a std::result::Result::Ok after a successful
+/// transaction completed.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct TransactSuccess<T, V> {
+	/// State root
+	pub state_root: H256,
+	/// Amount of gas left
+	pub gas_left: U256,
+	/// Output
+	pub output: Vec<u8>,
+	/// Traces
+	pub trace: Vec<T>,
+	/// VM Traces
+	pub vm_trace: Option<V>,
+	/// Created contract address (if any)
+	pub contract_address: Option<H160>,
+	/// Generated logs
+	pub logs: Vec<log_entry::LogEntry>,
+	/// outcome
+	pub outcome: receipt::TransactionOutcome,
+	/// end state if needed
+	pub end_state: Option<pod_state::PodState>,
+}
+
+/// To be returned inside a std::result::Result::Err after a failed
+/// transaction.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct TransactErr {
+	/// State root
+	pub state_root: H256,
+	/// Execution error
+	pub error: ::error::Error,
+	/// end state if needed
+	pub end_state: Option<pod_state::PodState>,
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/client/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/mod.rs
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ mod config;
 mod evm_test_client;
 mod io_message;
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-helpers"))]
-mod test_client;
+pub mod test_client;
 mod trace;

 pub use self::client::*;
 pub use self::config::{Mode, ClientConfig, DatabaseCompactionProfile, BlockChainConfig, VMType};
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-helpers"))]
-pub use self::evm_test_client::{EvmTestClient, EvmTestError, TransactResult};
+pub use self::evm_test_client::{EvmTestClient, EvmTestError, TransactErr, TransactSuccess};
 pub use self::io_message::ClientIoMessage;
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-helpers"))]
 pub use self::test_client::{TestBlockChainClient, EachBlockWith};
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub use self::chain_notify::{ChainNotify, NewBlocks, ChainRoute, ChainRouteType,
 pub use self::traits::{
    Nonce, Balance, ChainInfo, BlockInfo, ReopenBlock, PrepareOpenBlock, TransactionInfo, ScheduleInfo, ImportSealedBlock, BroadcastProposalBlock, ImportBlock,
    StateOrBlock, StateClient, Call, EngineInfo, AccountData, BlockChain, BlockProducer, SealedBlockImporter, BadBlocks,
-	BlockChainReset
+	BlockChainReset, ImportExportBlocks
 };
 pub use state::StateInfo;
 pub use self::traits::{BlockChainClient, EngineClient, ProvingBlockChainClient, IoClient};
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub use vm::{LastHashes, EnvInfo};
 pub use error::TransactionImportError;
 pub use verification::VerifierType;

-mod traits;
+pub mod traits;

 mod chain_notify;
 mod private_notify;
--- a/ethcore/src/client/test_client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/test_client.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ use client::{
 	TransactionId, UncleId, TraceId, TraceFilter, LastHashes, CallAnalytics,
 	ProvingBlockChainClient, ScheduleInfo, ImportSealedBlock, BroadcastProposalBlock, ImportBlock, StateOrBlock,
 	Call, StateClient, EngineInfo, AccountData, BlockChain, BlockProducer, SealedBlockImporter, IoClient,
-	BadBlocks,
+	BadBlocks, traits::ForceUpdateSealing
 };
 use engines::EthEngine;
 use error::{Error, EthcoreResult};
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ impl PrepareOpenBlock for TestBlockChainClient {
 			gas_range_target,
 			extra_data,
 			false,
-			&mut Vec::new().into_iter(),
+			None,
 		)?;
 		// TODO [todr] Override timestamp for predictability
 		open_block.set_timestamp(*self.latest_block_timestamp.read());
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ impl ImportBlock for TestBlockChainClient {

 impl Call for TestBlockChainClient {
 	// State will not be used by test client anyway, since all methods that accept state are mocked
-	type State = ();
+	type State = TestState;

 	fn call(&self, _t: &SignedTransaction, _analytics: CallAnalytics, _state: &mut Self::State, _header: &Header) -> Result<Executed, CallError> {
 		self.execution_result.read().clone().unwrap()
@@ -605,7 +605,10 @@ impl Call for TestBlockChainClient {
 	}
 }

-impl StateInfo for () {
+/// NewType wrapper around `()` to impersonate `State` in trait impls. State will not be used by
+/// test client, since all methods that accept state are mocked.
+pub struct TestState;
+impl StateInfo for TestState {
 	fn nonce(&self, _address: &Address) -> ethtrie::Result<U256> { unimplemented!() }
 	fn balance(&self, _address: &Address) -> ethtrie::Result<U256> { unimplemented!() }
 	fn storage_at(&self, _address: &Address, _key: &H256) -> ethtrie::Result<H256> { unimplemented!() }
@@ -614,14 +617,14 @@ impl StateInfo for () {

 impl StateClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 	// State will not be used by test client anyway, since all methods that accept state are mocked
-	type State = ();
+	type State = TestState;

-	fn latest_state(&self) -> Self::State {
-		()
+	fn latest_state_and_header(&self) -> (Self::State, Header) {
+		(TestState, self.best_block_header())
 	}

 	fn state_at(&self, _id: BlockId) -> Option<Self::State> {
-		Some(())
+		Some(TestState)
 	}
 }

@@ -928,8 +931,8 @@ impl ProvingBlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 }

 impl super::traits::EngineClient for TestBlockChainClient {
-	fn update_sealing(&self) {
-		self.miner.update_sealing(self)
+	fn update_sealing(&self, force: ForceUpdateSealing)  {
+		self.miner.update_sealing(self, force)
 	}

 	fn submit_seal(&self, block_hash: H256, seal: Vec<Bytes>) {
--- a/ethcore/src/client/traits.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/traits.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use types::basic_account::BasicAccount;
 use types::block_status::BlockStatus;
 use types::blockchain_info::BlockChainInfo;
 use types::call_analytics::CallAnalytics;
+use types::data_format::DataFormat;
 use types::encoded;
 use types::filter::Filter;
 use types::header::Header;
@@ -144,8 +145,8 @@ pub trait StateClient {
 	/// Type representing chain state
 	type State: StateInfo;

-	/// Get a copy of the best block's state.
-	fn latest_state(&self) -> Self::State;
+	/// Get a copy of the best block's state and header.
+	fn latest_state_and_header(&self) -> (Self::State, Header);

 	/// Attempt to get a copy of a specific block's final state.
 	///
@@ -422,10 +423,19 @@ pub trait BroadcastProposalBlock {
 /// Provides methods to import sealed block and broadcast a block proposal
 pub trait SealedBlockImporter: ImportSealedBlock + BroadcastProposalBlock {}

+/// Do we want to force update sealing?
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ForceUpdateSealing {
+	/// Ideally you want to use `No` at all times as `Yes` skips `reseal_required` checks.
+	Yes,
+	/// Don't skip `reseal_required` checks
+	No
+}
+
 /// Client facilities used by internally sealing Engines.
 pub trait EngineClient: Sync + Send + ChainInfo {
 	/// Make a new block and seal it.
-	fn update_sealing(&self);
+	fn update_sealing(&self, force: ForceUpdateSealing);

 	/// Submit a seal for a block in the mining queue.
 	fn submit_seal(&self, block_hash: H256, seal: Vec<Bytes>);
@@ -477,3 +487,29 @@ pub trait BlockChainReset {
 	/// reset to best_block - n
 	fn reset(&self, num: u32) -> Result<(), String>;
 }
+
+/// Provides a method for importing/exporting blocks
+pub trait ImportExportBlocks {
+    /// Export blocks to destination, with the given from, to and format argument.
+    /// destination could be a file or stdout.
+    /// If the format is hex, each block is written on a new line.
+    /// For binary exports, all block data is written to the same line.
+	fn export_blocks<'a>(
+        &self,
+        destination: Box<dyn std::io::Write + 'a>,
+        from: BlockId,
+        to: BlockId,
+        format: Option<DataFormat>
+    ) -> Result<(), String>;
+
+	/// Import blocks from destination, with the given format argument
+	/// Source could be a file or stdout.
+	/// For hex format imports, it attempts to read the blocks on a line by line basis.
+	/// For binary format imports, reads the 8 byte RLP header in order to decode the block
+	/// length to be read.
+	fn import_blocks<'a>(
+		&self,
+		source: Box<dyn std::io::Read + 'a>,
+		format: Option<DataFormat>
+	) -> Result<(), String>;
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/authority_round/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/authority_round/mod.rs
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ use std::iter::FromIterator;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, AtomicBool, Ordering as AtomicOrdering};
 use std::sync::{Weak, Arc};
-use std::time::{UNIX_EPOCH, SystemTime, Duration};
+use std::time::{UNIX_EPOCH, Duration};

 use block::*;
-use client::EngineClient;
+use client::{EngineClient, traits::ForceUpdateSealing};
 use engines::{Engine, Seal, EngineError, ConstructedVerifier};
 use engines::block_reward;
 use engines::block_reward::{BlockRewardContract, RewardKind};
@@ -42,14 +42,12 @@ use itertools::{self, Itertools};
 use rlp::{encode, Decodable, DecoderError, Encodable, RlpStream, Rlp};
 use ethereum_types::{H256, H520, Address, U128, U256};
 use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
+use time_utils::CheckedSystemTime;
 use types::BlockNumber;
 use types::header::{Header, ExtendedHeader};
 use types::ancestry_action::AncestryAction;
 use unexpected::{Mismatch, OutOfBounds};

-#[cfg(not(time_checked_add))]
-use time_utils::CheckedSystemTime;
-
 mod finality;

 /// `AuthorityRound` params.
@@ -515,15 +513,19 @@ fn header_expected_seal_fields(header: &Header, empty_steps_transition: u64) ->
 }

 fn header_step(header: &Header, empty_steps_transition: u64) -> Result<u64, ::rlp::DecoderError> {
-	let expected_seal_fields = header_expected_seal_fields(header, empty_steps_transition);
-	Rlp::new(&header.seal().get(0).expect(
-		&format!("was either checked with verify_block_basic or is genesis; has {} fields; qed (Make sure the spec file has a correct genesis seal)", expected_seal_fields))).as_val()
+	Rlp::new(&header.seal().get(0).unwrap_or_else(||
+		panic!("was either checked with verify_block_basic or is genesis; has {} fields; qed (Make sure the spec
+				file has a correct genesis seal)", header_expected_seal_fields(header, empty_steps_transition))
+	))
+	.as_val()
 }

 fn header_signature(header: &Header, empty_steps_transition: u64) -> Result<Signature, ::rlp::DecoderError> {
-	let expected_seal_fields = header_expected_seal_fields(header, empty_steps_transition);
-	Rlp::new(&header.seal().get(1).expect(
-		&format!("was checked with verify_block_basic; has {} fields; qed", expected_seal_fields))).as_val::<H520>().map(Into::into)
+	Rlp::new(&header.seal().get(1).unwrap_or_else(||
+		panic!("was checked with verify_block_basic; has {} fields; qed",
+			   header_expected_seal_fields(header, empty_steps_transition))
+	))
+	.as_val::<H520>().map(Into::into)
 }

 // extracts the raw empty steps vec from the header seal. should only be called when there are 3 fields in the seal
@@ -574,10 +576,10 @@ fn verify_timestamp(step: &Step, header_step: u64) -> Result<(), BlockError> {
 			// Returning it further won't recover the sync process.
 			trace!(target: "engine", "verify_timestamp: block too early");

-			let now = SystemTime::now();
-			let found = now.checked_add(Duration::from_secs(oob.found)).ok_or(BlockError::TimestampOverflow)?;
-			let max = oob.max.and_then(|m| now.checked_add(Duration::from_secs(m)));
-			let min = oob.min.and_then(|m| now.checked_add(Duration::from_secs(m)));
+			let found = CheckedSystemTime::checked_add(UNIX_EPOCH, Duration::from_secs(oob.found))
+				.ok_or(BlockError::TimestampOverflow)?;
+			let max = oob.max.and_then(|m| CheckedSystemTime::checked_add(UNIX_EPOCH, Duration::from_secs(m)));
+			let min = oob.min.and_then(|m| CheckedSystemTime::checked_add(UNIX_EPOCH, Duration::from_secs(m)));

 			let new_oob = OutOfBounds { min, max, found };

@@ -906,7 +908,7 @@ impl IoHandler<()> for TransitionHandler {
 				self.step.can_propose.store(true, AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
 				if let Some(ref weak) = *self.client.read() {
 					if let Some(c) = weak.upgrade() {
-						c.update_sealing();
+						c.update_sealing(ForceUpdateSealing::No);
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -934,7 +936,7 @@ impl Engine<EthereumMachine> for AuthorityRound {
 		self.step.can_propose.store(true, AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
 		if let Some(ref weak) = *self.client.read() {
 			if let Some(c) = weak.upgrade() {
-				c.update_sealing();
+				c.update_sealing(ForceUpdateSealing::No);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -945,8 +947,12 @@ impl Engine<EthereumMachine> for AuthorityRound {
 			return BTreeMap::default();
 		}

-		let step = header_step(header, self.empty_steps_transition).as_ref().map(ToString::to_string).unwrap_or("".into());
-		let signature = header_signature(header, self.empty_steps_transition).as_ref().map(ToString::to_string).unwrap_or("".into());
+		let step = header_step(header, self.empty_steps_transition).as_ref()
+			.map(ToString::to_string)
+			.unwrap_or_default();
+		let signature = header_signature(header, self.empty_steps_transition).as_ref()
+			.map(ToString::to_string)
+			.unwrap_or_default();

 		let mut info = map![
 			"step".into() => step,
@@ -1033,7 +1039,7 @@ impl Engine<EthereumMachine> for AuthorityRound {
 			return Seal::None;
 		}

-		let header = block.header();
+		let header = &block.header;
 		let parent_step = header_step(parent, self.empty_steps_transition)
 			.expect("Header has been verified; qed");

@@ -1079,7 +1085,7 @@ impl Engine<EthereumMachine> for AuthorityRound {
 			// `EmptyStep(step, parent_hash)` message. If we exceed the maximum amount of `empty_step` rounds we proceed
 			// with the seal.
 			if header.number() >= self.empty_steps_transition &&
-				block.transactions().is_empty() &&
+				block.transactions.is_empty() &&
 				empty_steps.len() < self.maximum_empty_steps {

 				if self.step.can_propose.compare_and_swap(true, false, AtomicOrdering::SeqCst) {
@@ -1149,7 +1155,7 @@ impl Engine<EthereumMachine> for AuthorityRound {
 		if self.immediate_transitions || !epoch_begin { return Ok(()) }

 		// genesis is never a new block, but might as well check.
-		let header = block.header().clone();
+		let header = block.header.clone();
 		let first = header.number() == 0;

 		let mut call = |to, data| {
@@ -1169,8 +1175,8 @@ impl Engine<EthereumMachine> for AuthorityRound {
 	/// Apply the block reward on finalisation of the block.
 	fn on_close_block(&self, block: &mut ExecutedBlock) -> Result<(), Error> {
 		let mut beneficiaries = Vec::new();
-		if block.header().number() >= self.empty_steps_transition {
-			let empty_steps = if block.header().seal().is_empty() {
+		if block.header.number() >= self.empty_steps_transition {
+			let empty_steps = if block.header.seal().is_empty() {
 				// this is a new block, calculate rewards based on the empty steps messages we have accumulated
 				let client = match self.client.read().as_ref().and_then(|weak| weak.upgrade()) {
 					Some(client) => client,
@@ -1180,7 +1186,7 @@ impl Engine<EthereumMachine> for AuthorityRound {
 					},
 				};

-				let parent = client.block_header(::client::BlockId::Hash(*block.header().parent_hash()))
+				let parent = client.block_header(::client::BlockId::Hash(*block.header.parent_hash()))
 					.expect("hash is from parent; parent header must exist; qed")
 					.decode()?;

@@ -1189,7 +1195,7 @@ impl Engine<EthereumMachine> for AuthorityRound {
 				self.empty_steps(parent_step.into(), current_step.into(), parent.hash())
 			} else {
 				// we're verifying a block, extract empty steps from the seal
-				header_empty_steps(block.header())?
+				header_empty_steps(&block.header)?
 			};

 			for empty_step in empty_steps {
@@ -1198,11 +1204,11 @@ impl Engine<EthereumMachine> for AuthorityRound {
 			}
 		}

-		let author = *block.header().author();
+		let author = *block.header.author();
 		beneficiaries.push((author, RewardKind::Author));

 		let rewards: Vec<_> = match self.block_reward_contract {
-			Some(ref c) if block.header().number() >= self.block_reward_contract_transition => {
+			Some(ref c) if block.header.number() >= self.block_reward_contract_transition => {
 				let mut call = super::default_system_or_code_call(&self.machine, block);

 				let rewards = c.reward(&beneficiaries, &mut call)?;
@@ -1631,23 +1637,23 @@ mod tests {
 		let db1 = spec.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default()).unwrap();
 		let db2 = spec.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default()).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
-		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b1 = b1.close_and_lock().unwrap();
-		let b2 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db2, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr2, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b2 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db2, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr2, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b2 = b2.close_and_lock().unwrap();

 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr1, "1".into())));
-		if let Seal::Regular(seal) = engine.generate_seal(b1.block(), &genesis_header) {
+		if let Seal::Regular(seal) = engine.generate_seal(&b1, &genesis_header) {
 			assert!(b1.clone().try_seal(engine, seal).is_ok());
 			// Second proposal is forbidden.
-			assert!(engine.generate_seal(b1.block(), &genesis_header) == Seal::None);
+			assert!(engine.generate_seal(&b1, &genesis_header) == Seal::None);
 		}

 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap, addr2, "2".into())));
-		if let Seal::Regular(seal) = engine.generate_seal(b2.block(), &genesis_header) {
+		if let Seal::Regular(seal) = engine.generate_seal(&b2, &genesis_header) {
 			assert!(b2.clone().try_seal(engine, seal).is_ok());
 			// Second proposal is forbidden.
-			assert!(engine.generate_seal(b2.block(), &genesis_header) == Seal::None);
+			assert!(engine.generate_seal(&b2, &genesis_header) == Seal::None);
 		}
 	}

@@ -1665,19 +1671,19 @@ mod tests {
 		let db2 = spec.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default()).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);

-		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b1 = b1.close_and_lock().unwrap();
-		let b2 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db2, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr2, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b2 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db2, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr2, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b2 = b2.close_and_lock().unwrap();

 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr1, "1".into())));
-		match engine.generate_seal(b1.block(), &genesis_header) {
+		match engine.generate_seal(&b1, &genesis_header) {
 			Seal::None | Seal::Proposal(_) => panic!("wrong seal"),
 			Seal::Regular(_) => {
 				engine.step();

 				engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr2, "0".into())));
-				match engine.generate_seal(b2.block(), &genesis_header) {
+				match engine.generate_seal(&b2, &genesis_header) {
 					Seal::Regular(_) | Seal::Proposal(_) => panic!("sealed despite wrong difficulty"),
 					Seal::None => {}
 				}
@@ -1901,11 +1907,11 @@ mod tests {

 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr1, "1".into())));

-		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b1 = b1.close_and_lock().unwrap();

 		// the block is empty so we don't seal and instead broadcast an empty step message
-		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(b1.block(), &genesis_header), Seal::None);
+		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(&b1, &genesis_header), Seal::None);

 		// spec starts with step 2
 		let empty_step_rlp = encode(&empty_step(engine, 2, &genesis_header.hash()));
@@ -1915,7 +1921,7 @@ mod tests {
 		let len = notify.messages.read().len();

 		// make sure that we don't generate empty step for the second time
-		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(b1.block(), &genesis_header), Seal::None);
+		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(&b1, &genesis_header), Seal::None);
 		assert_eq!(len, notify.messages.read().len());
 	}

@@ -1939,16 +1945,16 @@ mod tests {
 		engine.register_client(Arc::downgrade(&client) as _);

 		// step 2
-		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b1 = b1.close_and_lock().unwrap();

 		// since the block is empty it isn't sealed and we generate empty steps
 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr1, "1".into())));
-		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(b1.block(), &genesis_header), Seal::None);
+		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(&b1, &genesis_header), Seal::None);
 		engine.step();

 		// step 3
-		let mut b2 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db2, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr2, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let mut b2 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db2, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr2, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		b2.push_transaction(Transaction {
 			action: Action::Create,
 			nonce: U256::from(0),
@@ -1961,7 +1967,7 @@ mod tests {

 		// we will now seal a block with 1tx and include the accumulated empty step message
 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr2, "0".into())));
-		if let Seal::Regular(seal) = engine.generate_seal(b2.block(), &genesis_header) {
+		if let Seal::Regular(seal) = engine.generate_seal(&b2, &genesis_header) {
 			engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr1, "1".into())));
 			let empty_step2 = sealed_empty_step(engine, 2, &genesis_header.hash());
 			let empty_steps = ::rlp::encode_list(&vec![empty_step2]);
@@ -1992,28 +1998,28 @@ mod tests {
 		engine.register_client(Arc::downgrade(&client) as _);

 		// step 2
-		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b1 = b1.close_and_lock().unwrap();

 		// since the block is empty it isn't sealed and we generate empty steps
 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr1, "1".into())));
-		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(b1.block(), &genesis_header), Seal::None);
+		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(&b1, &genesis_header), Seal::None);
 		engine.step();

 		// step 3
-		let b2 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db2, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr2, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b2 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db2, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr2, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b2 = b2.close_and_lock().unwrap();
 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr2, "0".into())));
-		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(b2.block(), &genesis_header), Seal::None);
+		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(&b2, &genesis_header), Seal::None);
 		engine.step();

 		// step 4
 		// the spec sets the maximum_empty_steps to 2 so we will now seal an empty block and include the empty step messages
-		let b3 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db3, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b3 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db3, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b3 = b3.close_and_lock().unwrap();

 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr1, "1".into())));
-		if let Seal::Regular(seal) = engine.generate_seal(b3.block(), &genesis_header) {
+		if let Seal::Regular(seal) = engine.generate_seal(&b3, &genesis_header) {
 			let empty_step2 = sealed_empty_step(engine, 2, &genesis_header.hash());
 			engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr2, "0".into())));
 			let empty_step3 = sealed_empty_step(engine, 3, &genesis_header.hash());
@@ -2042,24 +2048,24 @@ mod tests {
 		engine.register_client(Arc::downgrade(&client) as _);

 		// step 2
-		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b1 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db1, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b1 = b1.close_and_lock().unwrap();

 		// since the block is empty it isn't sealed and we generate empty steps
 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr1, "1".into())));
-		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(b1.block(), &genesis_header), Seal::None);
+		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(&b1, &genesis_header), Seal::None);
 		engine.step();

 		// step 3
 		// the signer of the accumulated empty step message should be rewarded
-		let b2 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db2, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
-		let addr1_balance = b2.block().state().balance(&addr1).unwrap();
+		let b2 = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db2, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), addr1, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
+		let addr1_balance = b2.state.balance(&addr1).unwrap();

 		// after closing the block `addr1` should be reward twice, one for the included empty step message and another for block creation
 		let b2 = b2.close_and_lock().unwrap();

 		// the spec sets the block reward to 10
-		assert_eq!(b2.block().state().balance(&addr1).unwrap(), addr1_balance + (10 * 2))
+		assert_eq!(b2.state.balance(&addr1).unwrap(), addr1_balance + (10 * 2))
 	}

 	#[test]
@@ -2152,13 +2158,13 @@ mod tests {
 			(3141562.into(), 31415620.into()),
 			vec![],
 			false,
-			&mut Vec::new().into_iter(),
+			None,
 		).unwrap();
 		let b1 = b1.close_and_lock().unwrap();

 		// since the block is empty it isn't sealed and we generate empty steps
 		engine.set_signer(Box::new((tap.clone(), addr1, "1".into())));
-		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(b1.block(), &genesis_header), Seal::None);
+		assert_eq!(engine.generate_seal(&b1, &genesis_header), Seal::None);
 		engine.step();

 		// step 3
@@ -2174,9 +2180,9 @@ mod tests {
 			(3141562.into(), 31415620.into()),
 			vec![],
 			false,
-			&mut Vec::new().into_iter(),
+			None,
 		).unwrap();
-		let addr1_balance = b2.block().state().balance(&addr1).unwrap();
+		let addr1_balance = b2.state.balance(&addr1).unwrap();

 		// after closing the block `addr1` should be reward twice, one for the included empty step
 		// message and another for block creation
@@ -2184,7 +2190,7 @@ mod tests {

 		// the contract rewards (1000 + kind) for each benefactor/reward kind
 		assert_eq!(
-			b2.block().state().balance(&addr1).unwrap(),
+			b2.state.balance(&addr1).unwrap(),
 			addr1_balance + (1000 + 0) + (1000 + 2),
 		)
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/basic_authority.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/basic_authority.rs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl Engine<EthereumMachine> for BasicAuthority {

 	/// Attempt to seal the block internally.
 	fn generate_seal(&self, block: &ExecutedBlock, _parent: &Header) -> Seal {
-		let header = block.header();
+		let header = &block.header;
 		let author = header.author();
 		if self.validators.contains(header.parent_hash(), author) {
 			// account should be pernamently unlocked, otherwise sealing will fail
@@ -264,9 +264,9 @@ mod tests {
 		let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
 		let db = spec.ensure_db_good(get_temp_state_db(), &Default::default()).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, &mut Vec::new().into_iter()).unwrap();
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![], false, None).unwrap();
 		let b = b.close_and_lock().unwrap();
-		if let Seal::Regular(seal) = engine.generate_seal(b.block(), &genesis_header) {
+		if let Seal::Regular(seal) = engine.generate_seal(&b, &genesis_header) {
 			assert!(b.try_seal(engine, seal).is_ok());
 		}
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/block_reward.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/block_reward.rs
@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ use ethereum_types::{H160, Address, U256};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use hash::keccak;
 use error::Error;
-use machine::WithRewards;
-use parity_machine::Machine;
+use machine::Machine;
 use trace;
 use types::BlockNumber;
 use super::{SystemOrCodeCall, SystemOrCodeCallKind};
+use trace::{Tracer, ExecutiveTracer, Tracing};
+use block::ExecutedBlock;

 use_contract!(block_reward_contract, "res/contracts/block_reward.json");

@@ -152,17 +153,26 @@ impl BlockRewardContract {

 /// Applies the given block rewards, i.e. adds the given balance to each beneficiary' address.
 /// If tracing is enabled the operations are recorded.
-pub fn apply_block_rewards<M: Machine + WithRewards>(
+pub fn apply_block_rewards<M: Machine>(
 	rewards: &[(Address, RewardKind, U256)],
-	block: &mut M::LiveBlock,
+	block: &mut ExecutedBlock,
 	machine: &M,
 ) -> Result<(), M::Error> {
 	for &(ref author, _, ref block_reward) in rewards {
 		machine.add_balance(block, author, block_reward)?;
 	}

-	let rewards: Vec<_> = rewards.into_iter().map(|&(a, k, r)| (a, k.into(), r)).collect();
-	machine.note_rewards(block, &rewards)
+	if let Tracing::Enabled(ref mut traces) = *block.traces_mut() {
+		let mut tracer = ExecutiveTracer::default();
+
+		for &(address, reward_kind, amount) in rewards {
+			tracer.trace_reward(address, amount, reward_kind.into());
+		}
+
+		traces.push(tracer.drain().into());
+	}
+
+	Ok(())
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/clique/block_state.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/clique/block_state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+// Copyright 2015-2019 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity Ethereum.
+
+// Parity Ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity Ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity Ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use std::collections::{HashMap, BTreeSet, VecDeque};
+use std::fmt;
+use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+use engines::EngineError;
+use engines::clique::util::{extract_signers, recover_creator};
+use engines::clique::{VoteType, DIFF_INTURN, DIFF_NOTURN, NULL_AUTHOR, SIGNING_DELAY_NOTURN_MS};
+use error::{Error, BlockError};
+use ethereum_types::{Address, H64};
+use rand::Rng;
+use time_utils::CheckedSystemTime;
+use types::BlockNumber;
+use types::header::Header;
+use unexpected::Mismatch;
+
+/// Type that keeps track of the state for a given vote
+// Votes that go against the proposal aren't counted since it's equivalent to not voting
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct VoteState {
+	kind: VoteType,
+	votes: u64,
+}
+
+/// Type that represent a vote
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct Vote {
+	block_number: BlockNumber,
+	beneficiary: Address,
+	kind: VoteType,
+	signer: Address,
+	reverted: bool,
+}
+
+/// Type that represent a pending vote
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct PendingVote {
+	signer: Address,
+	beneficiary: Address,
+}
+
+/// Clique state for each block.
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct CliqueBlockState {
+	/// Current votes for a beneficiary
+	votes: HashMap<PendingVote, VoteState>,
+	/// A list of all votes for the given epoch
+	votes_history: Vec<Vote>,
+	/// a list of all valid signer, sorted by ascending order.
+	signers: BTreeSet<Address>,
+	/// a deque of recent signer, new entry should be pushed front, apply() modifies this.
+	recent_signers: VecDeque<Address>,
+	/// inturn signing should wait until this time
+	pub next_timestamp_inturn: Option<SystemTime>,
+	/// noturn signing should wait until this time
+	pub next_timestamp_noturn: Option<SystemTime>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct CliqueBlockState {
+	/// All recorded votes for a given signer, `Vec<PendingVote>` is a stack of votes
+	pub votes: HashMap<PendingVote, VoteState>,
+	/// A list of all votes for the given epoch
+	pub votes_history: Vec<Vote>,
+	/// a list of all valid signer, sorted by ascending order.
+	pub signers: BTreeSet<Address>,
+	/// a deque of recent signer, new entry should be pushed front, apply() modifies this.
+	pub recent_signers: VecDeque<Address>,
+	/// inturn signing should wait until this time
+	pub next_timestamp_inturn: Option<SystemTime>,
+	/// noturn signing should wait until this time
+	pub next_timestamp_noturn: Option<SystemTime>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for CliqueBlockState {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+		let signers: Vec<String> = self.signers.iter()
+			.map(|s|
+				 format!("{} {:?}",
+					s,
+					self.votes.iter().map(|(v, s)| format!("[beneficiary {}, votes: {}]", v.beneficiary, s.votes))
+					.collect::<Vec<_>>()
+				)
+			)
+			.collect();
+
+		let recent_signers: Vec<String> = self.recent_signers.iter().map(|s| format!("{}", s)).collect();
+		let num_votes = self.votes_history.len();
+		let add_votes = self.votes_history.iter().filter(|v| v.kind == VoteType::Add).count();
+		let rm_votes = self.votes_history.iter().filter(|v| v.kind == VoteType::Remove).count();
+		let reverted_votes = self.votes_history.iter().filter(|v| v.reverted).count();
+
+        write!(f,
+			"Votes {{ \n signers: {:?} \n recent_signers: {:?} \n number of votes: {} \n number of add votes {}
+			\r number of remove votes {} \n number of reverted votes: {}}}",
+			signers, recent_signers, num_votes, add_votes, rm_votes, reverted_votes)
+    }
+}
+
+impl CliqueBlockState {
+	/// Create new state with given information, this is used creating new state from Checkpoint block.
+	pub fn new(signers: BTreeSet<Address>) -> Self {
+		CliqueBlockState {
+			signers,
+			..Default::default()
+		}
+	}
+
+	// see https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/consensus/clique/clique.go#L474
+	fn verify(&self, header: &Header) -> Result<Address, Error> {
+		let creator = recover_creator(header)?.clone();
+
+		// The signer is not authorized
+		if !self.signers.contains(&creator) {
+			trace!(target: "engine", "current state: {}", self);
+			Err(EngineError::NotAuthorized(creator))?
+		}
+
+		// The signer has signed a block too recently
+		if self.recent_signers.contains(&creator) {
+			trace!(target: "engine", "current state: {}", self);
+			Err(EngineError::CliqueTooRecentlySigned(creator))?
+		}
+
+		// Wrong difficulty
+		let inturn = self.is_inturn(header.number(), &creator);
+
+		if inturn && *header.difficulty() != DIFF_INTURN {
+			Err(BlockError::InvalidDifficulty(Mismatch {
+				expected: DIFF_INTURN,
+				found: *header.difficulty(),
+			}))?
+		}
+
+		if !inturn && *header.difficulty() != DIFF_NOTURN {
+			Err(BlockError::InvalidDifficulty(Mismatch {
+				expected: DIFF_NOTURN,
+				found: *header.difficulty(),
+			}))?
+		}
+
+		Ok(creator)
+	}
+
+	/// Verify and apply a new header to current state
+	pub fn apply(&mut self, header: &Header, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<Address, Error> {
+		let creator = self.verify(header)?;
+		self.recent_signers.push_front(creator);
+		self.rotate_recent_signers();
+
+		if is_checkpoint {
+			// checkpoint block should not affect previous tallying, so we check that.
+			let signers = extract_signers(header)?;
+			if self.signers != signers {
+				let invalid_signers: Vec<String> = signers.into_iter()
+					.filter(|s| !self.signers.contains(s))
+					.map(|s| format!("{}", s))
+					.collect();
+				Err(EngineError::CliqueFaultyRecoveredSigners(invalid_signers))?
+			};
+
+			// TODO(niklasad1): I'm not sure if we should shrink here because it is likely that next epoch
+			// will need some memory and might be better for allocation algorithm to decide whether to shrink or not
+			// (typically doubles or halves the allocted memory when necessary)
+			self.votes.clear();
+			self.votes_history.clear();
+			self.votes.shrink_to_fit();
+			self.votes_history.shrink_to_fit();
+		}
+
+		// Contains vote
+		if *header.author() != NULL_AUTHOR {
+			let decoded_seal = header.decode_seal::<Vec<_>>()?;
+			if decoded_seal.len() != 2 {
+				Err(BlockError::InvalidSealArity(Mismatch { expected: 2, found: decoded_seal.len() }))?
+			}
+
+			let nonce: H64 = decoded_seal[1].into();
+			self.update_signers_on_vote(VoteType::from_nonce(nonce)?, creator, *header.author(), header.number())?;
+		}
+
+		Ok(creator)
+	}
+
+	fn update_signers_on_vote(
+		&mut self,
+		kind: VoteType,
+		signer: Address,
+		beneficiary: Address,
+		block_number: u64
+	) -> Result<(), Error> {
+
+		trace!(target: "engine", "Attempt vote {:?} {:?}", kind, beneficiary);
+
+		let pending_vote = PendingVote { signer, beneficiary };
+
+		let reverted = if self.is_valid_vote(&beneficiary, kind) {
+			self.add_vote(pending_vote, kind)
+		} else {
+			// This case only happens if a `signer` wants to revert their previous vote
+			// (does nothing if no previous vote was found)
+			self.revert_vote(pending_vote)
+		};
+
+		// Add all votes to the history
+		self.votes_history.push(
+			Vote {
+			block_number,
+			beneficiary,
+			kind,
+			signer,
+			reverted,
+		});
+
+		// If no vote was found for the beneficiary return `early` but don't propogate an error
+		let (votes, vote_kind) = match self.get_current_votes_and_kind(beneficiary) {
+			Some((v, k)) => (v, k),
+			None => return Ok(()),
+		};
+		let threshold = self.signers.len() / 2;
+
+		debug!(target: "engine", "{}/{} votes to have consensus", votes, threshold + 1);
+		trace!(target: "engine", "votes: {:?}", votes);
+
+		if votes > threshold {
+			match vote_kind {
+				VoteType::Add => {
+					if self.signers.insert(beneficiary) {
+						debug!(target: "engine", "added new signer: {}", beneficiary);
+					}
+				}
+				VoteType::Remove => {
+					if self.signers.remove(&beneficiary) {
+						debug!(target: "engine", "removed signer: {}", beneficiary);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			self.rotate_recent_signers();
+			self.remove_all_votes_from(beneficiary);
+		}
+
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the next timestamp for `inturn` and `noturn` fails if any of them can't be represented as
+	/// `SystemTime`
+	// TODO(niklasad1): refactor this method to be in constructor of `CliqueBlockState` instead.
+	// This is a quite bad API because we must mutate both variables even when already `inturn` fails
+	// That's why we can't return early and must have the `if-else` in the end
+	pub fn calc_next_timestamp(&mut self, timestamp: u64, period: u64) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		let inturn = CheckedSystemTime::checked_add(UNIX_EPOCH, Duration::from_secs(timestamp.saturating_add(period)));
+
+		self.next_timestamp_inturn = inturn;
+
+		let delay = Duration::from_millis(
+			rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0u64, (self.signers.len() as u64 / 2 + 1) * SIGNING_DELAY_NOTURN_MS));
+		self.next_timestamp_noturn = inturn.map(|inturn|  {
+			inturn + delay
+		});
+
+		if self.next_timestamp_inturn.is_some() && self.next_timestamp_noturn.is_some() {
+			Ok(())
+		} else {
+			Err(BlockError::TimestampOverflow)?
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Returns true if the block difficulty should be `inturn`
+	pub fn is_inturn(&self, current_block_number: u64, author: &Address) -> bool {
+		if let Some(pos) = self.signers.iter().position(|x| *author == *x) {
+			return current_block_number % self.signers.len() as u64 == pos as u64;
+		}
+		false
+	}
+
+	/// Returns whether the signer is authorized to sign a block
+	pub fn is_authorized(&self, author: &Address) -> bool {
+		self.signers.contains(author) && !self.recent_signers.contains(author)
+	}
+
+	/// Returns whether it makes sense to cast the specified vote in the
+	/// current state (e.g. don't try to add an already authorized signer).
+	pub fn is_valid_vote(&self, address: &Address, vote_type: VoteType) -> bool {
+		let in_signer = self.signers.contains(address);
+		match vote_type {
+			VoteType::Add => !in_signer,
+			VoteType::Remove => in_signer,
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Returns the list of current signers
+	pub fn signers(&self) -> &BTreeSet<Address> {
+		&self.signers
+	}
+
+	// Note this method will always return `true` but it is intended for a uniform `API`
+	fn add_vote(&mut self, pending_vote: PendingVote, kind: VoteType) -> bool {
+
+		self.votes.entry(pending_vote)
+			.and_modify(|state| {
+				state.votes = state.votes.saturating_add(1);
+			})
+			.or_insert_with(|| VoteState { kind, votes: 1 });
+		true
+	}
+
+	fn revert_vote(&mut self, pending_vote: PendingVote) -> bool {
+		let mut revert = false;
+		let mut remove = false;
+
+		self.votes.entry(pending_vote).and_modify(|state| {
+			if state.votes.saturating_sub(1) == 0 {
+				remove = true;
+			}
+			revert = true;
+		});
+
+		if remove {
+			self.votes.remove(&pending_vote);
+		}
+
+		revert
+	}
+
+	fn get_current_votes_and_kind(&self, beneficiary: Address) -> Option<(usize, VoteType)> {
+		let kind = self.votes.iter()
+			.find(|(v, _t)| v.beneficiary == beneficiary)
+			.map(|(_v, t)| t.kind)?;
+
+		let votes = self.votes.keys()
+			.filter(|vote| vote.beneficiary == beneficiary)
+			.count();
+
+		Some((votes, kind))
+	}
+
+	fn rotate_recent_signers(&mut self) {
+		if self.recent_signers.len() >= ( self.signers.len() / 2 ) + 1 {
+			self.recent_signers.pop_back();
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn remove_all_votes_from(&mut self, beneficiary: Address) {
+		self.votes = std::mem::replace(&mut self.votes, HashMap::new())
+			.into_iter()
+			.filter(|(v, _t)| v.signer != beneficiary && v.beneficiary != beneficiary)
+			.collect();
+	}
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More