Removed -Z orbit

Merge pull request #3462 from ethcore/stable-testing
[stable] EIP-170
2016-11-16 12:09:26 +01:00 · 2016-11-16 11:22:50 +08:00 · 2016-11-15 20:56:49 +01:00 · 2016-11-15 20:44:26 +01:00 · 2016-11-15 20:43:21 +01:00 · 2016-11-15 20:42:40 +01:00
223 changed files with 7968 additions and 3341 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -30,3 +30,5 @@

 # Build artifacts
 out/
+
+.vscode
--- a/.gitlab-ci.yml
+++ b/.gitlab-ci.yml
@@ -1,16 +1,82 @@
 stages:
  - build
-  - deploy
+  - test
 variables:
  GIT_DEPTH: "3"
  SIMPLECOV: "true" 
  RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
+  RUSTFLAGS: "-D warnings"
 cache:
  key: "$CI_BUILD_NAME/$CI_BUILD_REF_NAME"
  untracked: true
+linux-stable:
+  stage: build
+  image: ethcore/rust:stable
+  only:
+    - master
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
+  script:
+    - cargo build --release --verbose
+    - strip target/release/parity
+    - md5sum target/release/parity >> parity.md5
+    - sh scripts/deb-build.sh amd64
+    - cp target/release/parity deb/usr/bin/parity
+    - export VER=$(grep -m 1 version Cargo.toml | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d '"' | tr -d "\n")
+    - dpkg-deb -b deb "parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb"
+    - md5sum "parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb" >> "parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb.md5"
+    - aws configure set aws_access_key_id $s3_key 
+    - aws configure set aws_secret_access_key $s3_secret
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/parity --body target/release/parity
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/parity.md5 --body parity.md5
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/"parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb" --body "parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb"
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/"parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb.md5" --body "parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb.md5"
+  tags:
+    - rust
+    - rust-stable
+  artifacts:
+    paths:
+    - target/release/parity
+    name: "stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu_parity"
+linux-stable-14.04:
+  stage: build
+  image: ethcore/rust-14.04:latest
+  only:
+    - master
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
+  script:
+    - cargo build --release --verbose
+    - strip target/release/parity
+    - md5sum target/release/parity >> parity.md5
+    - sh scripts/deb-build.sh amd64
+    - cp target/release/parity deb/usr/bin/parity
+    - export VER=$(grep -m 1 version Cargo.toml | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d '"' | tr -d "\n")
+    - dpkg-deb -b deb "parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb"
+    - md5sum "parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb" >> "parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb.md5"
+    - aws configure set aws_access_key_id $s3_key 
+    - aws configure set aws_secret_access_key $s3_secret
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-unknown-ubuntu_14_04-gnu/parity --body target/release/parity
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-unknown-ubuntu_14_04-gnu/parity.md5 --body parity.md5
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-unknown-ubuntu_14_04-gnu/"parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb" --body "parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb"
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-unknown-ubuntu_14_04-gnu/"parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb.md5" --body "parity_"$VER"_amd64.deb.md5"
+  tags:
+    - rust
+    - rust-14.04
+  artifacts:
+    paths:
+    - target/release/parity
+    name: "stable-x86_64-unknown-ubuntu_14_04-gnu_parity"
 linux-beta:
  stage: build
  image: ethcore/rust:beta
+  only:
+    - master
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
  script:
    - cargo build --release --verbose
    - strip target/release/parity
@@ -20,23 +86,16 @@ linux-beta:
  artifacts:
    paths:
    - target/release/parity
-    name: "${CI_BUILD_NAME}_parity"
-linux-stable:
-  stage: build
-  image: ethcore/rust:stable
-  script:
-    - cargo build --release --verbose
-    - strip target/release/parity
-  tags:
-    - rust
-    - rust-stable
-  artifacts:
-    paths:
-    - target/release/parity
-    name: "${CI_BUILD_NAME}_parity"
+    name: "beta-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu_parity"
+  allow_failure: true
 linux-nightly:
  stage: build
  image: ethcore/rust:nightly
+  only:
+    - master
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
  script:
    - cargo build --release --verbose
    - strip target/release/parity
@@ -46,121 +105,243 @@ linux-nightly:
  artifacts:
    paths:
    - target/release/parity
-    name: "${CI_BUILD_NAME}_parity"
+    name: "nigthly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu_parity"
+  allow_failure: true
 linux-centos:
  stage: build
  image: ethcore/rust-centos:latest
+  only:
+    - master
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
  script:
    - export CXX="g++"
    - export CC="gcc"
    - cargo build --release --verbose
    - strip target/release/parity
+    - md5sum target/release/parity >> parity.md5
+    - aws configure set aws_access_key_id $s3_key 
+    - aws configure set aws_secret_access_key $s3_secret
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-unknown-centos-gnu/parity --body target/release/parity
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-unknown-centos-gnu/parity.md5 --body parity.md5
  tags:
    - rust
    - rust-centos
  artifacts:
    paths:
    - target/release/parity
-    name: "${CI_BUILD_NAME}_parity"
+    name: "x86_64-unknown-centos-gnu_parity"
 linux-armv7:
  stage: build
-  image: ethcore/rust-arm:latest
+  image: ethcore/rust-armv7:latest
+  only:
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
  script:
-    - export CXX=arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
-    - export CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
+    - rm -rf .cargo
    - mkdir -p .cargo
    - echo "[target.armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf]" >> .cargo/config
    - echo "linker= \"arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc\"" >> .cargo/config
    - cat .cargo/config
    - cargo build --target armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf --release --verbose
    - arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip target/armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release/parity
+    - md5sum target/armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release/parity >> parity.md5
+    - sh scripts/deb-build.sh armhf
+    - cp target/armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release/parity deb/usr/bin/parity
+    - export VER=$(grep -m 1 version Cargo.toml | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d '"' | tr -d "\n")
+    - dpkg-deb -b deb "parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb"
+    - md5sum "parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb" >> "parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb.md5"
+    - aws configure set aws_access_key_id $s3_key 
+    - aws configure set aws_secret_access_key $s3_secret
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/parity --body target/armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release/parity
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/parity.md5 --body parity.md5
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/"parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb" --body "parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb"
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/"parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb.md5" --body "parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb.md5"
  tags:
    - rust
    - rust-arm
  artifacts:
    paths:
    - target/armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release/parity
-    name: "${CI_BUILD_NAME}_parity"
+    name: "armv7_unknown_linux_gnueabihf_parity"
+  allow_failure: true
 linux-arm:
  stage: build
  image: ethcore/rust-arm:latest
+  only:
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
  script:
-    - export CXX=arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
-    - export CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
+    - rm -rf .cargo
    - mkdir -p .cargo
    - echo "[target.arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf]" >> .cargo/config
    - echo "linker= \"arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc\"" >> .cargo/config
    - cat .cargo/config
    - cargo build --target arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf --release --verbose
    - arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip target/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release/parity
+    - md5sum target/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release/parity >> parity.md5
+    - sh scripts/deb-build.sh armhf
+    - cp target/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release/parity deb/usr/bin/parity
+    - export VER=$(grep -m 1 version Cargo.toml | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d '"' | tr -d "\n")
+    - dpkg-deb -b deb "parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb"
+    - md5sum "parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb" >> "parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb.md5"
+    - aws configure set aws_access_key_id $s3_key 
+    - aws configure set aws_secret_access_key $s3_secret
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/parity --body target/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release/parity
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/parity.md5 --body parity.md5
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/"parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb" --body "parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb"
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/"parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb.md5" --body "parity_"$VER"_armhf.deb.md5"
  tags:
    - rust
    - rust-arm
  artifacts:
    paths:
    - target/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release/parity
-    name: "${CI_BUILD_NAME}_parity"
+    name: "arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf_parity"
+  allow_failure: true
 linux-armv6:
  stage: build
-  image: ethcore/rust-arm:latest
+  image: ethcore/rust-armv6:latest
+  only:
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
  script:
-    - export CXX=arm-linux-gnueabi-g++
-    - export CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
+    - rm -rf .cargo
    - mkdir -p .cargo
    - echo "[target.arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi]" >> .cargo/config
    - echo "linker= \"arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc\"" >> .cargo/config
    - cat .cargo/config
    - cargo build --target arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi --release --verbose
    - arm-linux-gnueabi-strip target/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/release/parity
+    - md5sum target/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/release/parity >> parity.md5 
+    - aws configure set aws_access_key_id $s3_key 
+    - aws configure set aws_secret_access_key $s3_secret
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/parity --body target/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/release/parity
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/parity.md5 --body parity.md5
  tags:
    - rust
    - rust-arm
  artifacts:
    paths:
    - target/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/release/parity
-    name: "${CI_BUILD_NAME}_parity"
+    name: "arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi_parity"
+  allow_failure: true
 linux-aarch64:
  stage: build
-  image: ethcore/rust-arm:latest
+  image: ethcore/rust-aarch64:latest
+  only:
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
  script:
-    - export CXX=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
-    - export CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
+    - rm -rf .cargo
    - mkdir -p .cargo
    - echo "[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu]" >> .cargo/config
    - echo "linker= \"aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc\"" >> .cargo/config
    - cat .cargo/config
    - cargo build --target aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu --release --verbose
    - aarch64-linux-gnu-strip target/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/release/parity
+    - md5sum target/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/release/parity >> parity.md5
+    - sh scripts/deb-build.sh arm64
+    - cp target/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/release/parity deb/usr/bin/parity
+    - export VER=$(grep -m 1 version Cargo.toml | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d '"' | tr -d "\n")
+    - dpkg-deb -b deb "parity_"$VER"_arm64.deb"
+    - md5sum "parity_"$VER"_arm64.deb" >> "parity_"$VER"_arm64.deb.md5"
+    - aws configure set aws_access_key_id $s3_key 
+    - aws configure set aws_secret_access_key $s3_secret
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/parity --body target/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/release/parity
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/parity.md5 --body parity.md5
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/"parity_"$VER"_arm64.deb" --body "parity_"$VER"_arm64.deb"
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/"parity_"$VER"_arm64.deb.md5" --body "parity_"$VER"_arm64.deb.md5"
  tags:
    - rust
    - rust-arm
  artifacts:
    paths:
    - target/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/release/parity
-    name: "${CI_BUILD_NAME}_parity"
+    name: "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu_parity"
+  allow_failure: true
 darwin:
  stage: build
+  only:
+    - master
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
  script:
    - cargo build --release --verbose
+    - rm -rf parity.md5
+    - md5sum target/release/parity >> parity.md5
+    - aws configure set aws_access_key_id $s3_key 
+    - aws configure set aws_secret_access_key $s3_secret
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-apple-darwin/parity --body target/release/parity
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key $CI_BUILD_REF_NAME/x86_64-apple-darwin/parity.md5 --body parity.md5
  tags:
    - osx
  artifacts:
    paths:
    - target/release/parity
-    name: "${CI_BUILD_NAME}_parity"
+    name: "x86_64-apple-darwin_parity"
 windows:
  stage: build
+  only:
+    - master
+    - beta
+    - tags
+    - stable
  script:
    - set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1A\Include;C:\vs2015\VC\include;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.10240.0\ucrt
    - set LIB=C:\vs2015\VC\lib;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.10240.0\ucrt\x64
    - set RUST_BACKTRACE=1
-    - SET
+    - set RUSTFLAGS=%RUSTFLAGS% -D warnings
    - rustup default stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
    - cargo build --release --verbose
+    - curl -sL --url "https://github.com/ethcore/win-build/raw/master/SimpleFC.dll" -o nsis\SimpleFC.dll
+    - curl -sL --url "https://github.com/ethcore/win-build/raw/master/vc_redist.x64.exe" -o nsis\vc_redist.x64.exe
+    - signtool sign /f %keyfile% /p %certpass% target\release\parity.exe
+    - cd nsis
+    - makensis.exe installer.nsi
+    - copy installer.exe InstallParity.exe
+    - signtool sign /f %keyfile% /p %certpass% InstallParity.exe
+    - md5sums InstallParity.exe > InstallParity.exe.md5
+    - zip win-installer.zip InstallParity.exe InstallParity.exe.md5
+    - md5sums win-installer.zip > win-installer.zip.md5
+    - cd ..\target\release\
+    - md5sums parity.exe parity.pdb > parity.md5
+    - md5sums parity.exe > parity.exe.md5
+    - zip parity.zip parity.exe parity.pdb parity.md5
+    - md5sums parity.zip > parity.zip.md5
+    - cd ..\..
+    - aws configure set aws_access_key_id %s3_key%
+    - aws configure set aws_secret_access_key %s3_secret%
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key %CI_BUILD_REF_NAME%/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/parity.exe --body target\release\parity.exe
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key %CI_BUILD_REF_NAME%/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/parity.exe.md5 --body target\release\parity.exe.md5
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key %CI_BUILD_REF_NAME%/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/parity.zip --body target\release\parity.zip
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key %CI_BUILD_REF_NAME%/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/parity.zip.md5 --body target\release\parity.zip.md5
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key %CI_BUILD_REF_NAME%/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/InstallParity.exe --body nsis\InstallParity.exe
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key %CI_BUILD_REF_NAME%/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/InstallParity.exe.md5 --body nsis\InstallParity.exe.md5
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key %CI_BUILD_REF_NAME%/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/win-installer.zip --body nsis\win-installer.zip
+    - aws s3api put-object --bucket builds-parity --key %CI_BUILD_REF_NAME%/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/win-installer.zip.md5 --body nsis\win-installer.zip.md5
  tags:
   - rust-windows
  artifacts:
    paths:
    - target/release/parity.exe
    - target/release/parity.pdb
-    name: "${CI_BUILD_NAME}_parity"
+    - nsis/InstallParity.exe
+    name: "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc_parity"
+test-linux:
+  stage: test
+  before_script:
+    - git submodule update --init --recursive
+  script:
+    - export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
+    - ./test.sh --verbose
+  tags:
+    - rust-test
+  dependencies:
+    - linux-stable
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 [root]
 name = "parity"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.3.12"
 dependencies = [
 "ansi_term 0.7.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "clippy 0.0.80 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "ctrlc 1.1.1 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/rust-ctrlc.git)",
- "daemonize 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "docopt 0.6.80 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "daemonize 0.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "docopt 0.6.86 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "env_logger 0.3.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "ethcore 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-dapps 1.3.0",
@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ dependencies = [
 "ethcore-logger 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-rpc 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-signer 1.3.0",
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
 "ethsync 1.3.0",
 "fdlimit 0.1.0",
 "hyper 0.8.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "isatty 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "json-ipc-server 0.2.4 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/json-ipc-server.git)",
+ "json-ipc-server 0.2.4 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/json-ipc-server.git?branch=beta)",
 "lazy_static 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "num_cpus 0.2.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "number_prefix 0.2.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "number_prefix 0.2.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "regex 0.1.68 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "rpassword 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "rpassword 0.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc-serialize 0.3.19 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc_version 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "semver 0.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -112,9 +112,18 @@ name = "bloomchain"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"

+[[package]]
+name = "bloomfilter"
+version = "0.0.10"
+source = "git+https://github.com/ethcore/rust-bloom-filter#e66a3f20443bc78810877390ad4da00ebdf74d78"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-vec 0.4.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "rand 0.3.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
-version = "0.5.2"
+version = "0.5.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"

 [[package]]
@@ -122,6 +131,14 @@ name = "bytes"
 version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"

+[[package]]
+name = "bytes"
+version = "0.4.0-dev"
+source = "git+https://github.com/carllerche/bytes#6529f6392a9717585b8d67e1db96e6fa0fb6cb1f"
+dependencies = [
+ "stable-heap 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/carllerche/stable-heap?rev=3c5cd1ca47)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -155,7 +172,7 @@ version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
 "time 0.1.35 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "url 1.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "url 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -175,7 +192,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "daemonize"
-version = "0.2.2"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
 "libc 0.2.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -191,12 +208,13 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "docopt"
-version = "0.6.80"
+version = "0.6.86"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
+ "lazy_static 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "regex 0.1.68 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc-serialize 0.3.19 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "strsim 0.3.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "strsim 0.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -219,7 +237,7 @@ version = "0.5.4"
 source = "git+https://github.com/ethcore/rust-secp256k1#a9a0b1be1f39560ca86e8fc8e55e205a753ff25c"
 dependencies = [
 "arrayvec 0.3.16 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "gcc 0.3.28 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "gcc 0.3.35 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "libc 0.2.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rand 0.3.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc-serialize 0.3.19 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -241,6 +259,8 @@ version = "1.3.0"
 dependencies = [
 "bit-set 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "bloomchain 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "bloomfilter 0.0.10 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/rust-bloom-filter)",
+ "byteorder 0.5.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "clippy 0.0.80 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "crossbeam 0.2.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "env_logger 0.3.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -250,16 +270,18 @@ dependencies = [
 "ethcore-ipc 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-ipc-codegen 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-ipc-nano 1.3.0",
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
 "ethjson 0.1.0",
 "ethstore 0.1.0",
+ "evmjit 1.3.0",
 "heapsize 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "hyper 0.9.4 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/hyper)",
 "lazy_static 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "lru-cache 0.0.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "num_cpus 0.2.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rand 0.3.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "rayon 0.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "rayon 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rust-crypto 0.2.36 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc-serialize 0.3.19 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "semver 0.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -272,23 +294,23 @@ version = "1.3.0"
 dependencies = [
 "clippy 0.0.80 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "ethcore-rpc 1.3.0",
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
 "hyper 0.9.4 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/hyper)",
- "jsonrpc-core 2.0.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "jsonrpc-http-server 6.1.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/jsonrpc-http-server.git)",
+ "jsonrpc-core 2.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "jsonrpc-http-server 6.1.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/jsonrpc-http-server.git?branch=beta)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "mime_guess 1.6.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "parity-dapps 0.6.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)",
- "parity-dapps-home 0.6.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)",
- "parity-dapps-status 0.6.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)",
- "parity-dapps-wallet 0.6.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)",
+ "parity-dapps 1.4.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)",
+ "parity-dapps-home 1.4.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)",
+ "parity-dapps-status 1.4.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)",
+ "parity-dapps-wallet 1.4.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)",
 "rustc-serialize 0.3.19 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde 0.7.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_codegen 0.7.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_json 0.7.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "syntex 0.33.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "unicase 1.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "url 1.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "url 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -314,7 +336,7 @@ name = "ethcore-ipc"
 version = "1.3.0"
 dependencies = [
 "ethcore-devtools 1.3.0",
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
 "nanomsg 0.5.1 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/nanomsg.rs.git)",
 "semver 0.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@@ -359,7 +381,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "ethcore-ipc 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-ipc-codegen 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-ipc-nano 1.3.0",
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "nanomsg 0.5.1 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/nanomsg.rs.git)",
 "semver 0.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -371,7 +393,7 @@ name = "ethcore-logger"
 version = "1.3.0"
 dependencies = [
 "env_logger 0.3.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
 "isatty 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "lazy_static 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -386,7 +408,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "ansi_term 0.7.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "ethcore-devtools 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-io 1.3.0",
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
 "igd 0.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "libc 0.2.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -410,12 +432,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "ethcore-devtools 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-io 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-ipc 1.3.0",
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
 "ethjson 0.1.0",
 "ethsync 1.3.0",
- "json-ipc-server 0.2.4 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/json-ipc-server.git)",
- "jsonrpc-core 2.0.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "jsonrpc-http-server 6.1.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/jsonrpc-http-server.git)",
+ "json-ipc-server 0.2.4 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/json-ipc-server.git?branch=beta)",
+ "jsonrpc-core 2.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "jsonrpc-http-server 6.1.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/jsonrpc-http-server.git?branch=beta)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc-serialize 0.3.19 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde 0.7.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -433,18 +455,18 @@ dependencies = [
 "env_logger 0.3.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "ethcore-io 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-rpc 1.3.0",
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
- "jsonrpc-core 2.0.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
+ "jsonrpc-core 2.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "parity-dapps-signer 0.6.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)",
+ "parity-dapps-signer 1.4.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)",
 "rand 0.3.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "rustc_version 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ws 0.5.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/ws-rs.git?branch=stable)",
+ "ws 0.5.2 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/ws-rs.git?branch=mio-upstream-stable)",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "ethcore-util"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.3.12"
 dependencies = [
 "ansi_term 0.7.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "arrayvec 0.3.16 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -477,7 +499,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "ethjson"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
 "rustc-serialize 0.3.19 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde 0.7.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_codegen 0.7.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -525,7 +547,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "ethcore-ipc-codegen 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-ipc-nano 1.3.0",
 "ethcore-network 1.3.0",
- "ethcore-util 1.3.0",
+ "ethcore-util 1.3.12",
 "heapsize 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "parking_lot 0.2.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -534,6 +556,13 @@ dependencies = [
 "time 0.1.35 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "evmjit"
+version = "1.3.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "tiny-keccak 1.0.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fdlimit"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -543,8 +572,11 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "gcc"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.35"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+dependencies = [
+ "rayon 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]

 [[package]]
 name = "glob"
@@ -614,7 +646,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "traitobject 0.0.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "typeable 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "unicase 1.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "url 1.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "url 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "vecio 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

@@ -635,7 +667,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "traitobject 0.0.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "typeable 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "unicase 1.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "url 1.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "url 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -678,36 +710,36 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
 name = "json-ipc-server"
 version = "0.2.4"
-source = "git+https://github.com/ethcore/json-ipc-server.git#56b6307130710ebc73cb9be087b6ed0b6c400bcf"
+source = "git+https://github.com/ethcore/json-ipc-server.git?branch=beta#d9c0811fb0c4aaa5b8b98905b2d72d277675d60f"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes 0.3.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "env_logger 0.3.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "jsonrpc-core 2.0.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "jsonrpc-core 2.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "lazy_static 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "mio 0.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "miow 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "miow 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "slab 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-core"
-version = "2.0.7"
+version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
+ "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde 0.7.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_codegen 0.7.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "serde_json 0.7.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "syntex 0.33.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-http-server"
 version = "6.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/ethcore/jsonrpc-http-server.git#4e3f93eb79125e91a46e04d77c25ff8885498b86"
+source = "git+https://github.com/ethcore/jsonrpc-http-server.git?branch=beta#ab0e2cdc8856a4ee26f65c395583e69fd4609c88"
 dependencies = [
 "hyper 0.9.4 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/hyper)",
- "jsonrpc-core 2.0.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "jsonrpc-core 2.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "unicase 1.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

@@ -735,11 +767,24 @@ name = "libc"
 version = "0.2.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"

+[[package]]
+name = "linked-hash-map"
+version = "0.0.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
 version = "0.3.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"

+[[package]]
+name = "lru-cache"
+version = "0.0.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+dependencies = [
+ "linked-hash-map 0.0.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "matches"
 version = "0.1.2"
@@ -780,7 +825,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "bytes 0.3.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "libc 0.2.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "miow 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "miow 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "net2 0.2.23 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "nix 0.5.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "slab 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -796,7 +841,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "bytes 0.3.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "libc 0.2.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "miow 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "miow 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "net2 0.2.23 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "nix 0.5.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "slab 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -804,9 +849,24 @@ dependencies = [
 "winapi 0.2.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "mio"
+version = "0.6.0-dev"
+source = "git+https://github.com/carllerche/mio?rev=62ec763c9cc34d8a452ed0392c575c50ddd5fc8d#62ec763c9cc34d8a452ed0392c575c50ddd5fc8d"
+dependencies = [
+ "kernel32-sys 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "libc 0.2.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "log 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "miow 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "net2 0.2.23 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "nix 0.6.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "slab 0.2.0 (git+https://github.com/carllerche/slab?rev=5476efcafb)",
+ "winapi 0.2.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "miow"
-version = "0.1.2"
+version = "0.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
 "kernel32-sys 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -829,7 +889,7 @@ name = "nanomsg-sys"
 version = "0.5.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/ethcore/nanomsg.rs.git#c40fe442c9afaea5b38009a3d992ca044dcceb00"
 dependencies = [
- "gcc 0.3.28 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "gcc 0.3.35 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 "libc 0.2.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

@@ -854,6 +914,19 @@ dependencies = [
 "libc 0.2.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "nix"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "cfg-if 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "libc 0.2.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "rustc_version 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "semver 0.1.20 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "void 1.0.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "nodrop"
 version = "0.1.6"
@@ -943,7 +1016,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "number_prefix"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
 "num 0.1.32 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -956,8 +1029,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"

 [[package]]
 name = "parity-dapps"
-version = "0.6.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git#697e860dedc45003909602a002e7743478ab173a"
+version = "1.4.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git#e4dddf36e7c9fa5c6e746790119c71f67438784a"
 dependencies = [
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@@ -1611,13 +1697,13 @@ dependencies = [
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 "checksum num-traits 0.1.32 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "51eab148f171aefad295f8cece636fc488b9b392ef544da31ea4b8ef6b9e9c39"
 "checksum num_cpus 0.2.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "51fedae97a05f7353612fe017ab705a37e6db8f4d67c5c6fe739a9e70d6eed09"
-"checksum number_prefix 0.2.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "084d05f4bf60621a9ac9bde941a410df548f4de9545f06e5ee9d3aef4b97cd77"
+"checksum number_prefix 0.2.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "b09f7c223751819881e1b95670d36fb12cdaa89848147f2222f1a2b691d5f0a3"
 "checksum odds 0.2.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "b28c06e81b0f789122d415d6394b5fe849bde8067469f4c2980d3cdc10c78ec1"
-"checksum parity-dapps 0.6.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)" = "<none>"
-"checksum parity-dapps-home 0.6.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)" = "<none>"
-"checksum parity-dapps-signer 0.6.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)" = "<none>"
-"checksum parity-dapps-status 0.6.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)" = "<none>"
-"checksum parity-dapps-wallet 0.6.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)" = "<none>"
+"checksum parity-dapps 1.4.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)" = "<none>"
+"checksum parity-dapps-home 1.4.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)" = "<none>"
+"checksum parity-dapps-signer 1.4.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)" = "<none>"
+"checksum parity-dapps-status 1.4.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)" = "<none>"
+"checksum parity-dapps-wallet 1.4.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git)" = "<none>"
 "checksum parking_lot 0.2.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "e0fd1be2c3cf5fef20a6d18fec252c4f3c87c14fc3039002eb7d4ed91e436826"
 "checksum phf 0.7.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "447d9d45f2e0b4a9b532e808365abf18fc211be6ca217202fcd45236ef12f026"
 "checksum phf_codegen 0.7.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "8af7ae7c3f75a502292b491e5cc0a1f69e3407744abe6e57e2a3b712bb82f01d"
@@ -1633,13 +1719,13 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum quick-error 1.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "0aad603e8d7fb67da22dbdf1f4b826ce8829e406124109e73cf1b2454b93a71c"
 "checksum quine-mc_cluskey 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "a6683b0e23d80813b1a535841f0048c1537d3f86d63c999e8373b39a9b0eb74a"
 "checksum rand 0.3.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2791d88c6defac799c3f20d74f094ca33b9332612d9aef9078519c82e4fe04a5"
-"checksum rayon 0.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "941deb43a6254b9867fec1e0caeda38a2ad905ab18c57f7c68c396ca68998c07"
+"checksum rayon 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "655df67c314c30fa3055a365eae276eb88aa4f3413a352a1ab32c1320eda41ea"
 "checksum regex 0.1.68 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "b4329b8928a284580a1c63ec9d846b12f6d3472317243ff7077aff11f23f2b29"
 "checksum regex-syntax 0.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "841591b1e05609a643e3b4d0045fce04f701daba7151ddcd3ad47b080693d5a9"
 "checksum rocksdb 0.4.5 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/rust-rocksdb)" = "<none>"
 "checksum rocksdb-sys 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/rust-rocksdb)" = "<none>"
 "checksum rotor 0.6.3 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/rotor)" = "<none>"
-"checksum rpassword 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "5d3a99497c5c544e629cc8b359ae5ede321eba5fa8e5a8078f3ced727a976c3f"
+"checksum rpassword 0.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "320da1dfcf5c570a6c07ff60bb7cd4cdc986d2ea89caea139f2247371ab6a1df"
 "checksum rust-crypto 0.2.36 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "f76d05d3993fd5f4af9434e8e436db163a12a9d40e1a58a726f27a01dfd12a2a"
 "checksum rustc-serialize 0.3.19 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6159e4e6e559c81bd706afe9c8fd68f547d3e851ce12e76b1de7914bab61691b"
 "checksum rustc_version 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "c5f5376ea5e30ce23c03eb77cbe4962b988deead10910c372b226388b594c084"
@@ -1648,13 +1734,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum serde 0.7.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "b76133a8a02f1c6ebd3fb9a2ecaab3d54302565a51320e80931adba571aadb1b"
 "checksum serde_codegen 0.7.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "c5b74ff4fb34013cc0b917dd182fefc05ee9af233b9d0d557078334554284d0e"
 "checksum serde_json 0.7.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2c88a751caa8f0000058fb971cd443ed2e6b653f33f5a47f29892a8bd44ca4c1"
-"checksum sha1 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "a307a40d5834140e4213a6952483b84e9ad53bdcab918b7335a6e305e505a53c"
+"checksum sha1 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "cc30b1e1e8c40c121ca33b86c23308a090d19974ef001b4bf6e61fd1a0fb095c"
 "checksum slab 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d807fd58c4181bbabed77cb3b891ba9748241a552bcc5be698faaebefc54f46e"
+"checksum slab 0.2.0 (git+https://github.com/carllerche/slab?rev=5476efcafb)" = "<none>"
 "checksum slab 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6dbdd334bd28d328dad1c41b0ea662517883d8880d8533895ef96c8003dec9c4"
 "checksum smallvec 0.1.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "fcc8d19212aacecf95e4a7a2179b26f7aeb9732a915cf01f05b0d3e044865410"
 "checksum solicit 0.4.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "172382bac9424588d7840732b250faeeef88942e37b6e35317dce98cafdd75b2"
 "checksum spmc 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "93bdab61c1a413e591c4d17388ffa859eaff2df27f1e13a5ec8b716700605adf"
-"checksum strsim 0.3.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "e4d73a2c36a4d095ed1a6df5cbeac159863173447f7a82b3f4757426844ab825"
+"checksum stable-heap 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/carllerche/stable-heap?rev=3c5cd1ca47)" = "<none>"
+"checksum strsim 0.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "50c069df92e4b01425a8bf3576d5d417943a6a7272fbabaf5bd80b1aaa76442e"
 "checksum syntex 0.33.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "393b6dd0889df2b064beeea954cfda6bc2571604ac460deeae0fed55a53988af"
 "checksum syntex_syntax 0.33.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "44bded3cabafc65c90b663b1071bd2d198a9ab7515e6ce729e4570aaf53c407e"
 "checksum target_info 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "c63f48baada5c52e65a29eef93ab4f8982681b67f9e8d29c7b05abcfec2b9ffe"
@@ -1673,7 +1761,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum unicode-normalization 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "26643a2f83bac55f1976fb716c10234485f9202dcd65cfbdf9da49867b271172"
 "checksum unicode-xid 0.0.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "36dff09cafb4ec7c8cf0023eb0b686cb6ce65499116a12201c9e11840ca01beb"
 "checksum url 0.5.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "f6d04073d0fcd045a1cf57aea560d1be5ba812d8f28814e1e1cf0e90ff4d2f03"
-"checksum url 1.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "8ab4ca6f0107350f41a59a51cb0e71a04d905bc6a29181d2cb42fa4f040c65c9"
+"checksum url 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "afe9ec54bc4db14bc8744b7fed060d785ac756791450959b2248443319d5b119"
 "checksum utf8-ranges 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "a1ca13c08c41c9c3e04224ed9ff80461d97e121589ff27c753a16cb10830ae0f"
 "checksum uuid 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "9767696a9e1bc7a73f2d5f8e0f5428b076cecd9199c200c0364aa0b2d57b8dfa"
 "checksum vecio 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "0795a11576d29ae80525a3fda315bf7b534f8feb9d34101e5fe63fb95bb2fd24"
@@ -1681,8 +1769,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum void 1.0.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6a02e4885ed3bc0f2de90ea6dd45ebcbb66dacffe03547fadbb0eeae2770887d"
 "checksum winapi 0.2.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "4dfaaa8fbdaa618fa6914b59b2769d690dd7521920a18d84b42d254678dd5fd4"
 "checksum winapi-build 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2d315eee3b34aca4797b2da6b13ed88266e6d612562a0c46390af8299fc699bc"
-"checksum ws 0.5.0 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/ws-rs.git?branch=stable)" = "<none>"
+"checksum ws 0.5.2 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/ws-rs.git?branch=mio-upstream-stable)" = "<none>"
 "checksum ws2_32-sys 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d59cefebd0c892fa2dd6de581e937301d8552cb44489cdff035c6187cb63fa5e"
-"checksum xml-rs 0.1.26 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "4bac8fd82b24db2dd3b54aa7b29f336d8b5ca1830065ce3aada71bce6f661519"
-"checksum xml-rs 0.3.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "f11ef7864e55d06a38755beaf03ab70139a04e619acfe94ef800b11bd79eb52c"
+"checksum xml-rs 0.3.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "65e74b96bd3179209dc70a980da6df843dff09e46eee103a0376c0949257e3ef"
 "checksum xmltree 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "472a9d37c7c53ab2391161df5b89b1f3bf76dab6ab150d7941ecbdd832282082"
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 description = "Ethcore client."
 name = "parity"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.3.12"
 license = "GPL-3.0"
 authors = ["Ethcore <admin@ethcore.io>"]
 build = "build.rs"
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ ethcore-ipc-nano = { path = "ipc/nano" }
 ethcore-ipc = { path = "ipc/rpc" }
 ethcore-ipc-hypervisor = { path = "ipc/hypervisor" }
 ethcore-logger = { path = "logger" }
-json-ipc-server = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/json-ipc-server.git" }
+json-ipc-server = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/json-ipc-server.git", branch = "beta" }
 ethcore-dapps = { path = "dapps", optional = true }
 clippy = { version = "0.0.80", optional = true}

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ ui = ["dapps", "ethcore-signer/ui"]
 use-precompiled-js = ["ethcore-dapps/use-precompiled-js", "ethcore-signer/use-precompiled-js"]
 dapps = ["ethcore-dapps"]
 ipc = ["ethcore/ipc"]
+jit = ["ethcore/jit"]
 dev = ["clippy", "ethcore/dev", "ethcore-util/dev", "ethsync/dev", "ethcore-rpc/dev", "ethcore-dapps/dev", "ethcore-signer/dev"]
 json-tests = ["ethcore/json-tests"]

@@ -67,6 +68,6 @@ path = "parity/main.rs"
 name = "parity"

 [profile.release]
-debug = true
+debug = false
 lto = false

--- a/appveyor.yml
+++ b/appveyor.yml
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ environment:
  certpass:
    secure: 0BgXJqxq9Ei34/hZ7121FQ==
  keyfile: C:\users\appveyor\Certificates.p12
+  RUSTFLAGS: -Zorbit=off

 branches:
  only:
@@ -18,10 +19,10 @@ branches:
 install:
  - git submodule update --init --recursive
  - ps: Install-Product node 6
-  - ps: Start-FileDownload "https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-1.10.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe"
+  - ps: Start-FileDownload "https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-1.12.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe"
  - ps: Start-FileDownload "https://github.com/ethcore/win-build/raw/master/SimpleFC.dll" -FileName nsis\SimpleFC.dll
  - ps: Start-FileDownload "https://github.com/ethcore/win-build/raw/master/vc_redist.x64.exe" -FileName nsis\vc_redist.x64.exe
-  - rust-1.10.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe /VERYSILENT /NORESTART /DIR="C:\Program Files (x86)\Rust"
+  - rust-1.12.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe /VERYSILENT /NORESTART /DIR="C:\Program Files (x86)\Rust"
  - SET PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files (x86)\Rust\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\NSIS;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1A\Bin
  - rustc -V
  - cargo -V
--- a/dapps/Cargo.toml
+++ b/dapps/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ build = "build.rs"

 [dependencies]
 log = "0.3"
-jsonrpc-core = "2.0"
-jsonrpc-http-server = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/jsonrpc-http-server.git" }
+jsonrpc-core = "2.1"
+jsonrpc-http-server = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/jsonrpc-http-server.git", branch = "beta" }
 hyper = { default-features = false, git = "https://github.com/ethcore/hyper" }
 unicase = "1.3"
 url = "1.0"
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ serde_json = "0.7.0"
 serde_macros = { version = "0.7.0", optional = true }
 ethcore-rpc = { path = "../rpc" }
 ethcore-util = { path = "../util" }
-parity-dapps = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git", version = "0.6" }
+parity-dapps = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git", version = "1.4" }
 # List of apps
-parity-dapps-status = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git", version = "0.6" }
-parity-dapps-home = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git", version = "0.6" }
-parity-dapps-wallet = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git", version = "0.6", optional = true }
+parity-dapps-status = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git", version = "1.4" }
+parity-dapps-home = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git", version = "1.4" }
+parity-dapps-wallet = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/parity-ui.git", version = "1.4", optional = true }
 mime_guess = { version = "1.6.1" }
 clippy = { version = "0.0.80", optional = true}

--- a/dapps/src/lib.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/lib.rs
@@ -100,14 +100,26 @@ impl ServerBuilder {

 	/// Asynchronously start server with no authentication,
 	/// returns result with `Server` handle on success or an error.
-	pub fn start_unsecure_http(&self, addr: &SocketAddr) -> Result<Server, ServerError> {
-		Server::start_http(addr, NoAuth, self.handler.clone(), self.dapps_path.clone())
+	pub fn start_unsecured_http(&self, addr: &SocketAddr, hosts: Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<Server, ServerError> {
+		Server::start_http(
+			addr,
+			hosts,
+			NoAuth,
+			self.handler.clone(),
+			self.dapps_path.clone(),
+		)
 	}

 	/// Asynchronously start server with `HTTP Basic Authentication`,
 	/// return result with `Server` handle on success or an error.
-	pub fn start_basic_auth_http(&self, addr: &SocketAddr, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<Server, ServerError> {
-		Server::start_http(addr, HttpBasicAuth::single_user(username, password), self.handler.clone(), self.dapps_path.clone())
+	pub fn start_basic_auth_http(&self, addr: &SocketAddr, hosts: Option<Vec<String>>, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<Server, ServerError> {
+		Server::start_http(
+			addr,
+			hosts,
+			HttpBasicAuth::single_user(username, password),
+			self.handler.clone(),
+			self.dapps_path.clone(),
+		)
 	}
 }

@@ -118,7 +130,28 @@ pub struct Server {
 }

 impl Server {
-	fn start_http<A: Authorization + 'static>(addr: &SocketAddr, authorization: A, handler: Arc<IoHandler>, dapps_path: String) -> Result<Server, ServerError> {
+	/// Returns a list of allowed hosts or `None` if all hosts are allowed.
+	fn allowed_hosts(hosts: Option<Vec<String>>, bind_address: String) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+		let mut allowed = Vec::new();
+
+		match hosts {
+			Some(hosts) => allowed.extend_from_slice(&hosts),
+			None => return None,
+		}
+
+		// Add localhost domain as valid too if listening on loopback interface.
+		allowed.push(bind_address.replace("127.0.0.1", "localhost").into());
+		allowed.push(bind_address.into());
+		Some(allowed)
+	}
+
+	fn start_http<A: Authorization + 'static>(
+		addr: &SocketAddr,
+		hosts: Option<Vec<String>>,
+		authorization: A,
+		handler: Arc<IoHandler>,
+		dapps_path: String,
+	) -> Result<Server, ServerError> {
 		let panic_handler = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
 		let authorization = Arc::new(authorization);
 		let endpoints = Arc::new(apps::all_endpoints(dapps_path));
@@ -129,7 +162,7 @@ impl Server {
 			special.insert(router::SpecialEndpoint::Utils, apps::utils());
 			special
 		});
-		let bind_address = format!("{}", addr);
+		let hosts = Self::allowed_hosts(hosts, format!("{}", addr));

 		try!(hyper::Server::http(addr))
 			.handle(move |_| router::Router::new(
@@ -137,7 +170,7 @@ impl Server {
 				endpoints.clone(),
 				special.clone(),
 				authorization.clone(),
-				bind_address.clone(),
+				hosts.clone(),
 			))
 			.map(|(l, srv)| {

@@ -182,3 +215,24 @@ impl From<hyper::error::Error> for ServerError {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use super::Server;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn should_return_allowed_hosts() {
+		// given
+		let bind_address = "127.0.0.1".to_owned();
+
+		// when
+		let all = Server::allowed_hosts(None, bind_address.clone());
+		let address = Server::allowed_hosts(Some(Vec::new()), bind_address.clone());
+		let some = Server::allowed_hosts(Some(vec!["ethcore.io".into()]), bind_address.clone());
+
+		// then
+		assert_eq!(all, None);
+		assert_eq!(address, Some(vec!["localhost".into(), "127.0.0.1".into()]));
+		assert_eq!(some, Some(vec!["ethcore.io".into(), "localhost".into(), "127.0.0.1".into()]));
+	}
+}
--- a/dapps/src/router/host_validation.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/router/host_validation.rs
@@ -22,14 +22,11 @@ use hyper::net::HttpStream;
 use jsonrpc_http_server::{is_host_header_valid};
 use handlers::ContentHandler;

-
-pub fn is_valid(request: &server::Request<HttpStream>, bind_address: &str, endpoints: Vec<String>) -> bool {
-	let mut endpoints = endpoints.into_iter()
+pub fn is_valid(request: &server::Request<HttpStream>, allowed_hosts: &[String], endpoints: Vec<String>) -> bool {
+	let mut endpoints = endpoints.iter()
 		.map(|endpoint| format!("{}{}", endpoint, DAPPS_DOMAIN))
 		.collect::<Vec<String>>();
-	// Add localhost domain as valid too if listening on loopback interface.
-	endpoints.push(bind_address.replace("127.0.0.1", "localhost").into());
-	endpoints.push(bind_address.into());
+	endpoints.extend_from_slice(allowed_hosts);

 	is_host_header_valid(request, &endpoints)
 }
--- a/dapps/src/router/mod.rs
+++ b/dapps/src/router/mod.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub struct Router<A: Authorization + 'static> {
 	endpoints: Arc<Endpoints>,
 	special: Arc<HashMap<SpecialEndpoint, Box<Endpoint>>>,
 	authorization: Arc<A>,
-	bind_address: String,
+	allowed_hosts: Option<Vec<String>>,
 	handler: Box<server::Handler<HttpStream> + Send>,
 }

@@ -53,9 +53,11 @@ impl<A: Authorization + 'static> server::Handler<HttpStream> for Router<A> {

 	fn on_request(&mut self, req: server::Request<HttpStream>) -> Next {
 		// Validate Host header
-		if !host_validation::is_valid(&req, &self.bind_address, self.endpoints.keys().cloned().collect()) {
-			self.handler = host_validation::host_invalid_response();
-			return self.handler.on_request(req);
+		if let Some(ref hosts) = self.allowed_hosts {
+			if !host_validation::is_valid(&req, hosts, self.endpoints.keys().cloned().collect()) {
+				self.handler = host_validation::host_invalid_response();
+				return self.handler.on_request(req);
+			}
 		}

 		// Check authorization
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ impl<A: Authorization> Router<A> {
 		endpoints: Arc<Endpoints>,
 		special: Arc<HashMap<SpecialEndpoint, Box<Endpoint>>>,
 		authorization: Arc<A>,
-		bind_address: String,
+		allowed_hosts: Option<Vec<String>>,
 		) -> Self {

 		let handler = special.get(&SpecialEndpoint::Rpc).unwrap().to_handler(EndpointPath::default());
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ impl<A: Authorization> Router<A> {
 			endpoints: endpoints,
 			special: special,
 			authorization: authorization,
-			bind_address: bind_address,
+			allowed_hosts: allowed_hosts,
 			handler: handler,
 		}
 	}
--- a/docker/ubuntu-aarch64/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/ubuntu-aarch64/Dockerfile
@@ -23,15 +23,9 @@ RUN rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
 # show backtraces
 ENV RUST_BACKTRACE 1

-# set compilers
-ENV CXX aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
-ENV CC aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
-
 # show tools
 RUN rustc -vV && \
- cargo -V && \
- gcc -v &&\
- g++ -v
+ cargo -V 

 # build parity
 RUN git clone https://github.com/ethcore/parity && \
--- a/docker/ubuntu-arm/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/ubuntu-arm/Dockerfile
@@ -23,15 +23,9 @@ RUN rustup target add armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
 # show backtraces
 ENV RUST_BACKTRACE 1

-# set compilers
-ENV CXX arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
-ENV CC arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
-
 # show tools
 RUN rustc -vV && \
- cargo -V && \
- gcc -v &&\
- g++ -v
+ cargo -V

 # build parity
 RUN git clone https://github.com/ethcore/parity && \
--- a/ethcore/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ethcore/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ num_cpus = "0.2"
 crossbeam = "0.2.9"
 lazy_static = "0.2"
 bloomchain = "0.1"
-rayon = "0.3.1"
+rayon = "0.4"
 semver = "0.2"
 bit-set = "0.4"
 time = "0.1"
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ ethcore-ipc = { path = "../ipc/rpc" }
 ethstore = { path = "../ethstore" }
 ethcore-ipc-nano = { path = "../ipc/nano" }
 rand = "0.3"
+lru-cache = "0.0.7"
+bloomfilter = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/rust-bloom-filter" }
+byteorder = "0.5"

 [dependencies.hyper]
 git = "https://github.com/ethcore/hyper"
--- a/ethcore/build.rs
+++ b/ethcore/build.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ extern crate ethcore_ipc_codegen;

 fn main() {
 	ethcore_ipc_codegen::derive_binary("src/types/mod.rs.in").unwrap();
-	ethcore_ipc_codegen::derive_ipc("src/client/traits.rs").unwrap();
-	ethcore_ipc_codegen::derive_ipc("src/client/chain_notify.rs").unwrap();
+	ethcore_ipc_codegen::derive_ipc_cond("src/client/traits.rs", cfg!(feature="ipc")).unwrap();
+	ethcore_ipc_codegen::derive_ipc_cond("src/client/chain_notify.rs", cfg!(feature="ipc")).unwrap();
 }
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/classic.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/classic.json
@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@
 				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
 				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
 				"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
-				"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0x118c30"
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x118c30",
+				"eip150Transition": "0x2625a0",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff"
 			}
 		}
 	},
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/eip150_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/eip150_test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{
+	"name": "Homestead (Test)",
+	"engine": {
+		"Ethash": {
+			"params": {
+				"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
+				"minimumDifficulty": "0x020000",
+				"difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x0800",
+				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
+				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
+				"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x0",
+				"eip150Transition": "0x0",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff"
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	"params": {
+		"accountStartNonce": "0x00",
+		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
+		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+		"networkID" : "0x1"
+	},
+	"genesis": {
+		"seal": {
+			"ethereum": {
+				"nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
+				"mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+			}
+		},
+		"difficulty": "0x400000000",
+		"author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"timestamp": "0x00",
+		"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa",
+		"gasLimit": "0x1388"
+	},
+	"accounts": {
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } }
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/eip161_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/eip161_test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{
+	"name": "Homestead (Test)",
+	"engine": {
+		"Ethash": {
+			"params": {
+				"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
+				"minimumDifficulty": "0x020000",
+				"difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x0800",
+				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
+				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
+				"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x0",
+				"eip150Transition": "0x0",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x0",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x0",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x0"
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	"params": {
+		"accountStartNonce": "0x00",
+		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
+		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+		"networkID" : "0x1"
+	},
+	"genesis": {
+		"seal": {
+			"ethereum": {
+				"nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
+				"mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+			}
+		},
+		"difficulty": "0x400000000",
+		"author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"timestamp": "0x00",
+		"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa",
+		"gasLimit": "0x1388"
+	},
+	"accounts": {
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } }
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/expanse.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/expanse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+{
+	"name": "Expanse",
+	"forkName": "expanse",
+	"engine": {
+		"Ethash": {
+			"params": {
+				"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
+				"minimumDifficulty": "0x020000",
+				"difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x0800",
+				"difficultyIncrementDivisor": "60",
+				"durationLimit": "0x3C",
+				"blockReward": "0x6f05b59d3b200000",
+				"registrar" : "0x6c221ca53705f3497ec90ca7b84c59ae7382fc21",
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x30d40",
+				"difficultyHardforkTransition": "0x59d9",
+				"difficultyHardforkBoundDivisor": "0x0200",
+				"bombDefuseTransition": "0x30d40",
+				"eip150Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff"
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	"params": {
+		"accountStartNonce": "0x00",
+		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
+		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+		"networkID": "0x1",
+		"subprotocolName": "exp"
+	},
+	"genesis": {
+		"seal": {
+			"ethereum": {
+				"nonce": "0x214652414e4b4f21",
+				"mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+			}
+		},
+		"difficulty": "0x40000000",
+		"author": "0x93decab0cd745598860f782ac1e8f046cb99e898",
+		"timestamp": "0x00",
+		"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		"extraData": "0x4672616e6b6f497346726565646f6d",
+		"gasLimit": "0x1388"
+	},
+	"nodes": [
+		"enode://7f335a047654f3e70d6f91312a7cf89c39704011f1a584e2698250db3d63817e74b88e26b7854111e16b2c9d0c7173c05419aeee2d0321850227b126d8b1be3f@46.101.156.249:42786",
+		"enode://df872f81e25f72356152b44cab662caf1f2e57c3a156ecd20e9ac9246272af68a2031b4239a0bc831f2c6ab34733a041464d46b3ea36dce88d6c11714446e06b@178.62.208.109:42786",
+		"enode://96d3919b903e7f5ad59ac2f73c43be9172d9d27e2771355db03fd194732b795829a31fe2ea6de109d0804786c39a807e155f065b4b94c6fce167becd0ac02383@45.55.22.34:42786",
+		"enode://5f6c625bf287e3c08aad568de42d868781e961cbda805c8397cfb7be97e229419bef9a5a25a75f97632787106bba8a7caf9060fab3887ad2cfbeb182ab0f433f@46.101.182.53:42786",
+		"enode://d33a8d4c2c38a08971ed975b750f21d54c927c0bf7415931e214465a8d01651ecffe4401e1db913f398383381413c78105656d665d83f385244ab302d6138414@128.199.183.48:42786",
+		"enode://df872f81e25f72356152b44cab662caf1f2e57c3a156ecd20e9ac9246272af68a2031b4239a0bc831f2c6ab34733a041464d46b3ea36dce88d6c11714446e06b@178.62.208.109:42786",
+		"enode://f6f0d6b9b7d02ec9e8e4a16e38675f3621ea5e69860c739a65c1597ca28aefb3cec7a6d84e471ac927d42a1b64c1cbdefad75e7ce8872d57548ddcece20afdd1@159.203.64.95:42786"
+	],
+	"accounts": {
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
+		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
+		"bb94f0ceb32257275b2a7a9c094c13e469b4563e": {
+			"balance": "10000000000000000000000000"
+		},
+		"15656715068ab0dbdf0ab00748a8a19e40f28192": {
+			"balance": "1000000000000000000000000"
+		},
+		"c075fa11f85bda3aaba67106226aaf086ac16f4e": {
+			"balance": "100000000000000000000000"
+		},
+		"93decab0cd745598860f782ac1e8f046cb99e898": {
+			"balance": "10000000000000000000000"
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/frontier.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/frontier.json
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
 				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
 				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
 				"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
-				"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0x118c30",
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x118c30",
 				"daoHardforkTransition": "0x1d4c00",
 				"daoHardforkBeneficiary": "0xbf4ed7b27f1d666546e30d74d50d173d20bca754",
-				"daoHardforkAccounts": [  
+				"daoHardforkAccounts": [
 					"0xd4fe7bc31cedb7bfb8a345f31e668033056b2728",
 					"0xb3fb0e5aba0e20e5c49d252dfd30e102b171a425",
 					"0x2c19c7f9ae8b751e37aeb2d93a699722395ae18f",
@@ -129,7 +129,13 @@
 					"0x7602b46df5390e432ef1c307d4f2c9ff6d65cc97",
 					"0xbb9bc244d798123fde783fcc1c72d3bb8c189413",
 					"0x807640a13483f8ac783c557fcdf27be11ea4ac7a"
-				]
+				],
+				"eip150Transition": "0x259518",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x28d138",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x28d138",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x28d138",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x28d138",
+				"maxCodeSize": 24576
 			}
 		}
 	},
@@ -160,7 +166,7 @@
 		"enode://a979fb575495b8d6db44f750317d0f4622bf4c2aa3365d6af7c284339968eef29b69ad0dce72a4d8db5ebb4968de0e3bec910127f134779fbcb0cb6d3331163c@52.16.188.185:30303",
 		"enode://de471bccee3d042261d52e9bff31458daecc406142b401d4cd848f677479f73104b9fdeb090af9583d3391b7f10cb2ba9e26865dd5fca4fcdc0fb1e3b723c786@54.94.239.50:30303",
 		"enode://1118980bf48b0a3640bdba04e0fe78b1add18e1cd99bf22d53daac1fd9972ad650df52176e7c7d89d1114cfef2bc23a2959aa54998a46afcf7d91809f0855082@52.74.57.123:30303",
-		"enode://248f12bc8b18d5289358085520ac78cd8076485211e6d96ab0bc93d6cd25442db0ce3a937dc404f64f207b0b9aed50e25e98ce32af5ac7cb321ff285b97de485@zero.parity.io:30303"
+		"enode://4cd540b2c3292e17cff39922e864094bf8b0741fcc8c5dcea14957e389d7944c70278d872902e3d0345927f621547efa659013c400865485ab4bfa0c6596936f@138.201.144.135:30303"
 	],
 	"accounts": {
 		"0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/frontier_like_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/frontier_like_test.json
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
 				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
 				"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
-				"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0x118c30",
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x118c30",
 				"daoHardforkTransition": "0x1d4c00",
 				"daoHardforkBeneficiary": "0xbf4ed7b27f1d666546e30d74d50d173d20bca754",
 				"daoHardforkAccounts": [  
@@ -129,7 +129,12 @@
 					"0x7602b46df5390e432ef1c307d4f2c9ff6d65cc97",
 					"0xbb9bc244d798123fde783fcc1c72d3bb8c189413",
 					"0x807640a13483f8ac783c557fcdf27be11ea4ac7a"
-				]
+				],
+				"eip150Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff"
 			}
 		}
 	},
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/frontier_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/frontier_test.json
@@ -9,7 +9,12 @@
 				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
 				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
 				"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
-				"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0xffffffffffffffff"
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip150Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff"
 			}
 		}
 	},
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/homestead_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/homestead_test.json
@@ -9,7 +9,12 @@
 				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
 				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
 				"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
-				"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0x0"
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x0",
+				"eip150Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff"
 			}
 		}
 	},
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/morden.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/morden.json
@@ -8,8 +8,13 @@
 				"difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x0800",
 				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
 				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
-				"registrar": "",
-				"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0x789b0"
+				"registrar": "0x8e4e9b13d4b45cb0befc93c3061b1408f67316b2",
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x789b0",
+				"eip150Transition": "0x1b34d8",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x1cc348",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x1cc348",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x1cc348",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x1cc348"
 			}
 		}
 	},
@@ -17,7 +22,9 @@
 		"accountStartNonce": "0x0100000",
 		"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
 		"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
-		"networkID" : "0x2"
+		"networkID" : "0x2",
+		"forkBlock": "0x1b34d8",
+		"forkCanonHash": "0xf376243aeff1f256d970714c3de9fd78fa4e63cf63e32a51fe1169e375d98145"
 	},
 	"genesis": {
 		"seal": {
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/olympic.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/olympic.json
@@ -8,7 +8,13 @@
 				"difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x0800",
 				"durationLimit": "0x08",
 				"blockReward": "0x14D1120D7B160000",
-				"registrar": "5e70c0bbcd5636e0f9f9316e9f8633feb64d4050"
+				"registrar": "5e70c0bbcd5636e0f9f9316e9f8633feb64d4050",
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip150Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff"
 			}
 		}
 	},
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/tests
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/tests
--- a/ethcore/res/ethereum/daohardfork_test.json
+++ b/ethcore/res/ethereum/daohardfork_test.json
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-	"name": "DAO hard-fork consensus test",
+	"name": "EIP150.1b hard-fork consensus test",
 	"engine": {
 		"Ethash": {
 			"params": {
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 				"durationLimit": "0x0d",
 				"blockReward": "0x4563918244F40000",
 				"registrar" : "0xc6d9d2cd449a754c494264e1809c50e34d64562b",
-				"frontierCompatibilityModeLimit": "0x5",
+				"homesteadTransition": "0x5",
 				"daoHardforkTransition": "0x8",
 				"daoHardforkBeneficiary": "0xbf4ed7b27f1d666546e30d74d50d173d20bca754",
 				"daoHardforkAccounts": [  
@@ -129,7 +129,12 @@
 					"0x7602b46df5390e432ef1c307d4f2c9ff6d65cc97",
 					"0xbb9bc244d798123fde783fcc1c72d3bb8c189413",
 					"0x807640a13483f8ac783c557fcdf27be11ea4ac7a"
-				]
+				],
+				"eip150Transition": "0xa",
+				"eip155Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip160Transition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161abcTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff",
+				"eip161dTransition": "0x7fffffffffffffff"
 			}
 		}
 	},
--- a/ethcore/src/account.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/account.rs
@@ -19,11 +19,15 @@
 use util::*;
 use pod_account::*;
 use account_db::*;
+use lru_cache::LruCache;

-use std::cell::{Ref, RefCell};
+use std::cell::{RefCell, Cell};
+
+const STORAGE_CACHE_ITEMS: usize = 8192;

 /// Single account in the system.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+/// Keeps track of changes to the code and storage.
+/// The changes are applied in `commit_storage` and `commit_code`
 pub struct Account {
 	// Balance of the account.
 	balance: U256,
@@ -31,14 +35,22 @@ pub struct Account {
 	nonce: U256,
 	// Trie-backed storage.
 	storage_root: H256,
-	// Overlay on trie-backed storage - tuple is (<clean>, <value>).
-	storage_overlay: RefCell<HashMap<H256, (Filth, H256)>>,
-	// Code hash of the account. If None, means that it's a contract whose code has not yet been set.
-	code_hash: Option<H256>,
+	// LRU Cache of the trie-backed storage.
+	// This is limited to `STORAGE_CACHE_ITEMS` recent queries
+	storage_cache: RefCell<LruCache<H256, H256>>,
+	// Modified storage. Accumulates changes to storage made in `set_storage`
+	// Takes precedence over `storage_cache`.
+	storage_changes: HashMap<H256, H256>,
+	// Code hash of the account.
+	code_hash: H256,
+	// Size of the accoun code.
+	code_size: Option<u64>,
 	// Code cache of the account.
-	code_cache: Bytes,
-	// Account is new or has been modified
-	filth: Filth,
+	code_cache: Arc<Bytes>,
+	// Account code new or has been modified.
+	code_filth: Filth,
+	// Cached address hash.
+	address_hash: Cell<Option<H256>>,
 }

 impl Account {
@@ -49,23 +61,33 @@ impl Account {
 			balance: balance,
 			nonce: nonce,
 			storage_root: SHA3_NULL_RLP,
-			storage_overlay: RefCell::new(storage.into_iter().map(|(k, v)| (k, (Filth::Dirty, v))).collect()),
-			code_hash: Some(code.sha3()),
-			code_cache: code,
-			filth: Filth::Dirty,
+			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
+			storage_changes: storage,
+			code_hash: code.sha3(),
+			code_size: Some(code.len() as u64),
+			code_cache: Arc::new(code),
+			code_filth: Filth::Dirty,
+			address_hash: Cell::new(None),
 		}
 	}

+	fn empty_storage_cache() -> RefCell<LruCache<H256, H256>> {
+		RefCell::new(LruCache::new(STORAGE_CACHE_ITEMS))
+	}
+
 	/// General constructor.
 	pub fn from_pod(pod: PodAccount) -> Account {
 		Account {
 			balance: pod.balance,
 			nonce: pod.nonce,
 			storage_root: SHA3_NULL_RLP,
-			storage_overlay: RefCell::new(pod.storage.into_iter().map(|(k, v)| (k, (Filth::Dirty, v))).collect()),
-			code_hash: pod.code.as_ref().map(|c| c.sha3()),
-			code_cache: pod.code.as_ref().map_or_else(|| { warn!("POD account with unknown code is being created! Assuming no code."); vec![] }, |c| c.clone()),
-			filth: Filth::Dirty,
+			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
+			storage_changes: pod.storage.into_iter().collect(),
+			code_hash: pod.code.as_ref().map_or(SHA3_EMPTY, |c| c.sha3()),
+			code_filth: Filth::Dirty,
+			code_size: Some(pod.code.as_ref().map_or(0, |c| c.len() as u64)),
+			code_cache: Arc::new(pod.code.map_or_else(|| { warn!("POD account with unknown code is being created! Assuming no code."); vec![] }, |c| c)),
+			address_hash: Cell::new(None),
 		}
 	}

@@ -75,10 +97,13 @@ impl Account {
 			balance: balance,
 			nonce: nonce,
 			storage_root: SHA3_NULL_RLP,
-			storage_overlay: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
-			code_hash: Some(SHA3_EMPTY),
-			code_cache: vec![],
-			filth: Filth::Dirty,
+			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
+			storage_changes: HashMap::new(),
+			code_hash: SHA3_EMPTY,
+			code_cache: Arc::new(vec![]),
+			code_size: Some(0),
+			code_filth: Filth::Clean,
+			address_hash: Cell::new(None),
 		}
 	}

@@ -89,10 +114,13 @@ impl Account {
 			nonce: r.val_at(0),
 			balance: r.val_at(1),
 			storage_root: r.val_at(2),
-			storage_overlay: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
-			code_hash: Some(r.val_at(3)),
-			code_cache: vec![],
-			filth: Filth::Clean,
+			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
+			storage_changes: HashMap::new(),
+			code_hash: r.val_at(3),
+			code_cache: Arc::new(vec![]),
+			code_size: None,
+			code_filth: Filth::Clean,
+			address_hash: Cell::new(None),
 		}
 	}

@@ -103,47 +131,65 @@ impl Account {
 			balance: balance,
 			nonce: nonce,
 			storage_root: SHA3_NULL_RLP,
-			storage_overlay: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
-			code_hash: None,
-			code_cache: vec![],
-			filth: Filth::Dirty,
+			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
+			storage_changes: HashMap::new(),
+			code_hash: SHA3_EMPTY,
+			code_cache: Arc::new(vec![]),
+			code_size: None,
+			code_filth: Filth::Clean,
+			address_hash: Cell::new(None),
 		}
 	}

 	/// Set this account's code to the given code.
 	/// NOTE: Account should have been created with `new_contract()`
 	pub fn init_code(&mut self, code: Bytes) {
-		assert!(self.code_hash.is_none());
-		self.code_cache = code;
-		self.filth = Filth::Dirty;
+		self.code_hash = code.sha3();
+		self.code_cache = Arc::new(code);
+		self.code_size = Some(self.code_cache.len() as u64);
+		self.code_filth = Filth::Dirty;
 	}

 	/// Reset this account's code to the given code.
 	pub fn reset_code(&mut self, code: Bytes) {
-		self.code_hash = None;
 		self.init_code(code);
 	}

 	/// Set (and cache) the contents of the trie's storage at `key` to `value`.
 	pub fn set_storage(&mut self, key: H256, value: H256) {
-		self.storage_overlay.borrow_mut().insert(key, (Filth::Dirty, value));
-		self.filth = Filth::Dirty;
+		self.storage_changes.insert(key, value);
 	}

 	/// Get (and cache) the contents of the trie's storage at `key`.
+	/// Takes modifed storage into account.
 	pub fn storage_at(&self, db: &AccountDB, key: &H256) -> H256 {
-		self.storage_overlay.borrow_mut().entry(key.clone()).or_insert_with(||{
-			let db = SecTrieDB::new(db, &self.storage_root)
-				.expect("Account storage_root initially set to zero (valid) and only altered by SecTrieDBMut. \
-				SecTrieDBMut would not set it to an invalid state root. Therefore the root is valid and DB creation \
-				using it will not fail.");
+		if let Some(value) = self.cached_storage_at(key) {
+			return value;
+		}
+		let db = SecTrieDB::new(db, &self.storage_root)
+			.expect("Account storage_root initially set to zero (valid) and only altered by SecTrieDBMut. \
+			SecTrieDBMut would not set it to an invalid state root. Therefore the root is valid and DB creation \
+			using it will not fail.");

-			let item: U256 = match db.get(key){
-				Ok(x) => x.map_or_else(U256::zero, decode),
-				Err(e) => panic!("Encountered potential DB corruption: {}", e),
-			};
-			(Filth::Clean, item.into())
-		}).1.clone()
+		let item: U256 = match db.get(key){
+			Ok(x) => x.map_or_else(U256::zero, decode),
+			Err(e) => panic!("Encountered potential DB corruption: {}", e),
+		};
+		let value: H256 = item.into();
+		self.storage_cache.borrow_mut().insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
+		value
+	}
+
+	/// Get cached storage value if any. Returns `None` if the
+	/// key is not in the cache.
+	pub fn cached_storage_at(&self, key: &H256) -> Option<H256> {
+		if let Some(value) = self.storage_changes.get(key) {
+			return Some(value.clone())
+		}
+		if let Some(value) = self.storage_cache.borrow_mut().get_mut(key) {
+			return Some(value.clone())
+		}
+		None
 	}

 	/// return the balance associated with this account.
@@ -152,49 +198,52 @@ impl Account {
 	/// return the nonce associated with this account.
 	pub fn nonce(&self) -> &U256 { &self.nonce }

-	#[cfg(test)]
 	/// return the code hash associated with this account.
 	pub fn code_hash(&self) -> H256 {
-		self.code_hash.clone().unwrap_or(SHA3_EMPTY)
+		self.code_hash.clone()
+	}
+
+	/// return the code hash associated with this account.
+	pub fn address_hash(&self, address: &Address) -> H256 {
+		let hash = self.address_hash.get();
+		hash.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+			let hash = address.sha3();
+			self.address_hash.set(Some(hash.clone()));
+			hash
+		})
 	}

 	/// returns the account's code. If `None` then the code cache isn't available -
 	/// get someone who knows to call `note_code`.
-	pub fn code(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
-		match self.code_hash {
-			Some(c) if c == SHA3_EMPTY && self.code_cache.is_empty() => Some(&self.code_cache),
-			Some(_) if !self.code_cache.is_empty() => Some(&self.code_cache),
-			None => Some(&self.code_cache),
-			_ => None,
+	pub fn code(&self) -> Option<Arc<Bytes>> {
+		if self.code_hash != SHA3_EMPTY && self.code_cache.is_empty() {
+			return None;
 		}
+		Some(self.code_cache.clone())
+	}
+
+	/// returns the account's code size. If `None` then the code cache or code size cache isn't available -
+	/// get someone who knows to call `note_code`.
+	pub fn code_size(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+		self.code_size.clone()
 	}

 	#[cfg(test)]
 	/// Provide a byte array which hashes to the `code_hash`. returns the hash as a result.
 	pub fn note_code(&mut self, code: Bytes) -> Result<(), H256> {
 		let h = code.sha3();
-		match self.code_hash {
-			Some(ref i) if h == *i => {
-				self.code_cache = code;
-				Ok(())
-			},
-			_ => Err(h)
+		if self.code_hash == h {
+			self.code_cache = Arc::new(code);
+			self.code_size = Some(self.code_cache.len() as u64);
+			Ok(())
+		} else {
+			Err(h)
 		}
 	}

 	/// Is `code_cache` valid; such that code is going to return Some?
 	pub fn is_cached(&self) -> bool {
-		!self.code_cache.is_empty() || (self.code_cache.is_empty() && self.code_hash == Some(SHA3_EMPTY))
-	}
-
-	/// Is this a new or modified account?
-	pub fn is_dirty(&self) -> bool {
-		self.filth == Filth::Dirty
-	}
-
-	/// Mark account as clean.
-	pub fn set_clean(&mut self) {
-		self.filth = Filth::Clean
+		!self.code_cache.is_empty() || (self.code_cache.is_empty() && self.code_hash == SHA3_EMPTY)
 	}

 	/// Provide a database to get `code_hash`. Should not be called if it is a contract without code.
@@ -202,79 +251,115 @@ impl Account {
 		// TODO: fill out self.code_cache;
 		trace!("Account::cache_code: ic={}; self.code_hash={:?}, self.code_cache={}", self.is_cached(), self.code_hash, self.code_cache.pretty());
 		self.is_cached() ||
-			match self.code_hash {
-				Some(ref h) => match db.get(h) {
-					Some(x) => { self.code_cache = x.to_vec(); true },
+		match db.get(&self.code_hash) {
+			Some(x) => {
+				self.code_cache = Arc::new(x.to_vec());
+				self.code_size = Some(x.len() as u64);
+				true
+			},
+			_ => {
+				warn!("Failed reverse get of {}", self.code_hash);
+				false
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Provide a database to get `code_size`. Should not be called if it is a contract without code.
+	pub fn cache_code_size(&mut self, db: &AccountDB) -> bool {
+		// TODO: fill out self.code_cache;
+		trace!("Account::cache_code_size: ic={}; self.code_hash={:?}, self.code_cache={}", self.is_cached(), self.code_hash, self.code_cache.pretty());
+		self.code_size.is_some() ||
+			if self.code_hash != SHA3_EMPTY {
+				match db.get(&self.code_hash) {
+					Some(x) => {
+						self.code_size = Some(x.len() as u64);
+						true
+					},
 					_ => {
-						warn!("Failed reverse get of {}", h);
+						warn!("Failed reverse get of {}", self.code_hash);
 						false
 					},
-				},
-				_ => false,
+				}
+			} else {
+				false
 			}
 	}

-	#[cfg(test)]
 	/// Determine whether there are any un-`commit()`-ed storage-setting operations.
-	pub fn storage_is_clean(&self) -> bool { self.storage_overlay.borrow().iter().find(|&(_, &(f, _))| f == Filth::Dirty).is_none() }
+	pub fn storage_is_clean(&self) -> bool { self.storage_changes.is_empty() }
+
+	/// Check if account has zero nonce, balance, no code and no storage.
+	///
+	/// NOTE: Will panic if `!self.storage_is_clean()`
+	pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+		assert!(self.storage_is_clean(), "Account::is_empty() may only legally be called when storage is clean.");
+		self.is_null() && self.storage_root == SHA3_NULL_RLP
+	}
+
+	/// Check if account has zero nonce, balance, no code.
+	pub fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
+		self.balance.is_zero() &&
+		self.nonce.is_zero() &&
+		self.code_hash == SHA3_EMPTY
+	}

 	#[cfg(test)]
 	/// return the storage root associated with this account or None if it has been altered via the overlay.
 	pub fn storage_root(&self) -> Option<&H256> { if self.storage_is_clean() {Some(&self.storage_root)} else {None} }

 	/// return the storage overlay.
-	pub fn storage_overlay(&self) -> Ref<HashMap<H256, (Filth, H256)>> { self.storage_overlay.borrow() }
+	pub fn storage_changes(&self) -> &HashMap<H256, H256> { &self.storage_changes }

 	/// Increment the nonce of the account by one.
 	pub fn inc_nonce(&mut self) {
 		self.nonce = self.nonce + U256::from(1u8);
-		self.filth = Filth::Dirty;
 	}

-	/// Increment the nonce of the account by one.
+	/// Increase account balance.
 	pub fn add_balance(&mut self, x: &U256) {
 		self.balance = self.balance + *x;
-		self.filth = Filth::Dirty;
 	}

-	/// Increment the nonce of the account by one.
+	/// Decrease account balance.
 	/// Panics if balance is less than `x`
 	pub fn sub_balance(&mut self, x: &U256) {
 		assert!(self.balance >= *x);
 		self.balance = self.balance - *x;
-		self.filth = Filth::Dirty;
 	}

-	/// Commit the `storage_overlay` to the backing DB and update `storage_root`.
+	/// Commit the `storage_changes` to the backing DB and update `storage_root`.
 	pub fn commit_storage(&mut self, trie_factory: &TrieFactory, db: &mut AccountDBMut) {
 		let mut t = trie_factory.from_existing(db, &mut self.storage_root)
 			.expect("Account storage_root initially set to zero (valid) and only altered by SecTrieDBMut. \
 				SecTrieDBMut would not set it to an invalid state root. Therefore the root is valid and DB creation \
 				using it will not fail.");
-		for (k, &mut (ref mut f, ref mut v)) in self.storage_overlay.borrow_mut().iter_mut() {
-			if f == &Filth::Dirty {
-				// cast key and value to trait type,
-				// so we can call overloaded `to_bytes` method
-				let res = match v.is_zero() {
-					true => t.remove(k),
-					false => t.insert(k, &encode(&U256::from(v.as_slice()))),
-				};
+		for (k, v) in self.storage_changes.drain() {
+			// cast key and value to trait type,
+			// so we can call overloaded `to_bytes` method
+			let res = match v.is_zero() {
+				true => t.remove(k.as_slice()),
+				false => t.insert(k.as_slice(), &encode(&U256::from(v.as_slice()))),
+			};

-				if let Err(e) = res {
-					warn!("Encountered potential DB corruption: {}", e);
-				}
-				*f = Filth::Clean;
+			if let Err(e) = res {
+				warn!("Encountered potential DB corruption: {}", e);
 			}
+			self.storage_cache.borrow_mut().insert(k, v);
 		}
 	}

 	/// Commit any unsaved code. `code_hash` will always return the hash of the `code_cache` after this.
 	pub fn commit_code(&mut self, db: &mut AccountDBMut) {
-		trace!("Commiting code of {:?} - {:?}, {:?}", self, self.code_hash.is_none(), self.code_cache.is_empty());
-		match (self.code_hash.is_none(), self.code_cache.is_empty()) {
-			(true, true) => self.code_hash = Some(SHA3_EMPTY),
+		trace!("Commiting code of {:?} - {:?}, {:?}", self, self.code_filth == Filth::Dirty, self.code_cache.is_empty());
+		match (self.code_filth == Filth::Dirty, self.code_cache.is_empty()) {
+			(true, true) => {
+				self.code_size = Some(0);
+				self.code_filth = Filth::Clean;
+			},
 			(true, false) => {
-				self.code_hash = Some(db.insert(&self.code_cache));
+				db.emplace(self.code_hash.clone(), (*self.code_cache).clone());
+				self.code_size = Some(self.code_cache.len() as u64);
+				self.code_filth = Filth::Clean;
 			},
 			(false, _) => {},
 		}
@@ -286,9 +371,59 @@ impl Account {
 		stream.append(&self.nonce);
 		stream.append(&self.balance);
 		stream.append(&self.storage_root);
-		stream.append(self.code_hash.as_ref().expect("Cannot form RLP of contract account without code."));
+		stream.append(&self.code_hash);
 		stream.out()
 	}
+
+	/// Clone basic account data
+	pub fn clone_basic(&self) -> Account {
+		Account {
+			balance: self.balance.clone(),
+			nonce: self.nonce.clone(),
+			storage_root: self.storage_root.clone(),
+			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
+			storage_changes: HashMap::new(),
+			code_hash: self.code_hash.clone(),
+			code_size: self.code_size.clone(),
+			code_cache: self.code_cache.clone(),
+			code_filth: self.code_filth,
+			address_hash: self.address_hash.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Clone account data and dirty storage keys
+	pub fn clone_dirty(&self) -> Account {
+		let mut account = self.clone_basic();
+		account.storage_changes = self.storage_changes.clone();
+		account.code_cache = self.code_cache.clone();
+		account
+	}
+
+	/// Clone account data, dirty storage keys and cached storage keys.
+	pub fn clone_all(&self) -> Account {
+		let mut account = self.clone_dirty();
+		account.storage_cache = self.storage_cache.clone();
+		account
+	}
+
+	/// Replace self with the data from other account merging storage cache.
+	/// Basic account data and all modifications are overwritten
+	/// with new values.
+	pub fn overwrite_with(&mut self, other: Account) {
+		self.balance = other.balance;
+		self.nonce = other.nonce;
+		self.storage_root = other.storage_root;
+		self.code_hash = other.code_hash;
+		self.code_filth = other.code_filth;
+		self.code_cache = other.code_cache;
+		self.code_size = other.code_size;
+		self.address_hash = other.address_hash;
+		let mut cache = self.storage_cache.borrow_mut();
+		for (k, v) in other.storage_cache.into_inner().into_iter() {
+			cache.insert(k.clone() , v.clone()); //TODO: cloning should not be required here
+		}
+		self.storage_changes = other.storage_changes;
+	}
 }

 impl fmt::Debug for Account {
@@ -383,7 +518,8 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
 		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
 		a.init_code(vec![0x55, 0x44, 0xffu8]);
-		assert_eq!(a.code_hash(), SHA3_EMPTY);
+		assert_eq!(a.code_filth, Filth::Dirty);
+		assert_eq!(a.code_size(), Some(3));
 		a.commit_code(&mut db);
 		assert_eq!(a.code_hash().hex(), "af231e631776a517ca23125370d542873eca1fb4d613ed9b5d5335a46ae5b7eb");
 	}
@@ -394,11 +530,12 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
 		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
 		a.init_code(vec![0x55, 0x44, 0xffu8]);
-		assert_eq!(a.code_hash(), SHA3_EMPTY);
+		assert_eq!(a.code_filth, Filth::Dirty);
 		a.commit_code(&mut db);
+		assert_eq!(a.code_filth, Filth::Clean);
 		assert_eq!(a.code_hash().hex(), "af231e631776a517ca23125370d542873eca1fb4d613ed9b5d5335a46ae5b7eb");
 		a.reset_code(vec![0x55]);
-		assert_eq!(a.code_hash(), SHA3_EMPTY);
+		assert_eq!(a.code_filth, Filth::Dirty);
 		a.commit_code(&mut db);
 		assert_eq!(a.code_hash().hex(), "37bf2238b11b68cdc8382cece82651b59d3c3988873b6e0f33d79694aa45f1be");
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/action_params.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/action_params.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ impl ActionValue {
 pub struct ActionParams {
 	/// Address of currently executed code.
 	pub code_address: Address,
+	/// Hash of currently executed code.
+	pub code_hash: H256,
 	/// Receive address. Usually equal to code_address,
 	/// except when called using CALLCODE.
 	pub address: Address,
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ pub struct ActionParams {
 	/// Transaction value.
 	pub value: ActionValue,
 	/// Code being executed.
-	pub code: Option<Bytes>,
+	pub code: Option<Arc<Bytes>>,
 	/// Input data.
 	pub data: Option<Bytes>,
 	/// Type of call
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ impl Default for ActionParams {
 	fn default() -> ActionParams {
 		ActionParams {
 			code_address: Address::new(),
+			code_hash: SHA3_EMPTY,
 			address: Address::new(),
 			sender: Address::new(),
 			origin: Address::new(),
@@ -88,10 +91,11 @@ impl From<ethjson::vm::Transaction> for ActionParams {
 		let address: Address = t.address.into();
 		ActionParams {
 			code_address: Address::new(),
+			code_hash: (&*t.code).sha3(),
 			address: address,
 			sender: t.sender.into(),
 			origin: t.origin.into(),
-			code: Some(t.code.into()),
+			code: Some(Arc::new(t.code.into())),
 			data: Some(t.data.into()),
 			gas: t.gas.into(),
 			gas_price: t.gas_price.into(),
--- a/ethcore/src/block.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/block.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 use common::*;
 use engines::Engine;
 use state::*;
+use state_db::StateDB;
 use verification::PreverifiedBlock;
 use trace::FlatTrace;
 use evm::Factory as EvmFactory;
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ pub trait IsBlock {
 /// Trait for a object that has a state database.
 pub trait Drain {
 	/// Drop this object and return the underlieing database.
-	fn drain(self) -> Box<JournalDB>;
+	fn drain(self) -> StateDB;
 }

 impl IsBlock for ExecutedBlock {
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 		vm_factory: &'x EvmFactory,
 		trie_factory: TrieFactory,
 		tracing: bool,
-		db: Box<JournalDB>,
+		db: StateDB,
 		parent: &Header,
 		last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
 		author: Address,
@@ -394,6 +395,10 @@ impl<'x> OpenBlock<'x> {
 			uncle_bytes: uncle_bytes,
 		}
 	}
+
+	#[cfg(test)]
+	/// Return mutable block reference. To be used in tests only.
+	pub fn block_mut (&mut self) -> &mut ExecutedBlock { &mut self.block }
 }

 impl<'x> IsBlock for OpenBlock<'x> {
@@ -465,7 +470,9 @@ impl LockedBlock {

 impl Drain for LockedBlock {
 	/// Drop this object and return the underlieing database.
-	fn drain(self) -> Box<JournalDB> { self.block.state.drop().1 }
+	fn drain(self) -> StateDB {
+		self.block.state.drop().1
+	}
 }

 impl SealedBlock {
@@ -481,7 +488,9 @@ impl SealedBlock {

 impl Drain for SealedBlock {
 	/// Drop this object and return the underlieing database.
-	fn drain(self) -> Box<JournalDB> { self.block.state.drop().1 }
+	fn drain(self) -> StateDB {
+		self.block.state.drop().1
+	}
 }

 impl IsBlock for SealedBlock {
@@ -496,7 +505,7 @@ pub fn enact(
 	uncles: &[Header],
 	engine: &Engine,
 	tracing: bool,
-	db: Box<JournalDB>,
+	db: StateDB,
 	parent: &Header,
 	last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
 	vm_factory: &EvmFactory,
@@ -505,7 +514,7 @@ pub fn enact(
 	{
 		if ::log::max_log_level() >= ::log::LogLevel::Trace {
 			let s = try!(State::from_existing(db.boxed_clone(), parent.state_root().clone(), engine.account_start_nonce(), trie_factory.clone()));
-			trace!("enact(): root={}, author={}, author_balance={}\n", s.root(), header.author(), s.balance(&header.author()));
+			trace!(target: "enact", "num={}, root={}, author={}, author_balance={}\n", header.number(), s.root(), header.author(), s.balance(&header.author()));
 		}
 	}

@@ -529,7 +538,7 @@ pub fn enact_bytes(
 	block_bytes: &[u8],
 	engine: &Engine,
 	tracing: bool,
-	db: Box<JournalDB>,
+	db: StateDB,
 	parent: &Header,
 	last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
 	vm_factory: &EvmFactory,
@@ -546,7 +555,7 @@ pub fn enact_verified(
 	block: &PreverifiedBlock,
 	engine: &Engine,
 	tracing: bool,
-	db: Box<JournalDB>,
+	db: StateDB,
 	parent: &Header,
 	last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
 	vm_factory: &EvmFactory,
@@ -562,7 +571,7 @@ pub fn enact_and_seal(
 	block_bytes: &[u8],
 	engine: &Engine,
 	tracing: bool,
-	db: Box<JournalDB>,
+	db: StateDB,
 	parent: &Header,
 	last_hashes: Arc<LastHashes>,
 	vm_factory: &EvmFactory,
@@ -582,75 +591,74 @@ mod tests {
 	fn open_block() {
 		use spec::*;
 		let spec = Spec::new_test();
-		let engine = &spec.engine;
 		let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
+		spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(&*spec.engine, &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
 		let b = b.close_and_lock();
-		let _ = b.seal(engine.deref(), vec![]);
+		let _ = b.seal(&*spec.engine, vec![]);
 	}

 	#[test]
 	fn enact_block() {
 		use spec::*;
 		let spec = Spec::new_test();
-		let engine = &spec.engine;
+		let engine = &*spec.engine;
 		let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();

-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
+		spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap()
-			.close_and_lock().seal(engine.deref(), vec![]).unwrap();
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine, &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap()
+			.close_and_lock().seal(engine, vec![]).unwrap();
 		let orig_bytes = b.rlp_bytes();
 		let orig_db = b.drain();

-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
-		let e = enact_and_seal(&orig_bytes, engine.deref(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, &Default::default(), Default::default()).unwrap();
+		spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
+		let e = enact_and_seal(&orig_bytes, engine, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, &Default::default(), Default::default()).unwrap();

 		assert_eq!(e.rlp_bytes(), orig_bytes);

 		let db = e.drain();
-		assert_eq!(orig_db.keys(), db.keys());
-		assert!(orig_db.keys().iter().filter(|k| orig_db.get(k.0) != db.get(k.0)).next() == None);
+		assert_eq!(orig_db.journal_db().keys(), db.journal_db().keys());
+		assert!(orig_db.journal_db().keys().iter().filter(|k| orig_db.journal_db().get(k.0) != db.journal_db().get(k.0)).next() == None);
 	}

 	#[test]
 	fn enact_block_with_uncle() {
 		use spec::*;
 		let spec = Spec::new_test();
-		let engine = &spec.engine;
+		let engine = &*spec.engine;
 		let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();

-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
+		spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
-		let mut open_block = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
+		let mut open_block = OpenBlock::new(engine, &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes.clone(), Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
 		let mut uncle1_header = Header::new();
 		uncle1_header.extra_data = b"uncle1".to_vec();
 		let mut uncle2_header = Header::new();
 		uncle2_header.extra_data = b"uncle2".to_vec();
 		open_block.push_uncle(uncle1_header).unwrap();
 		open_block.push_uncle(uncle2_header).unwrap();
-		let b = open_block.close_and_lock().seal(engine.deref(), vec![]).unwrap();
+		let b = open_block.close_and_lock().seal(engine, vec![]).unwrap();

 		let orig_bytes = b.rlp_bytes();
 		let orig_db = b.drain();

-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
-		let e = enact_and_seal(&orig_bytes, engine.deref(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, &Default::default(), Default::default()).unwrap();
+		spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
+		let e = enact_and_seal(&orig_bytes, engine, false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, &Default::default(), Default::default()).unwrap();

 		let bytes = e.rlp_bytes();
 		assert_eq!(bytes, orig_bytes);
@@ -658,7 +666,7 @@ mod tests {
 		assert_eq!(uncles[1].extra_data, b"uncle2");

 		let db = e.drain();
-		assert_eq!(orig_db.keys(), db.keys());
-		assert!(orig_db.keys().iter().filter(|k| orig_db.get(k.0) != db.get(k.0)).next() == None);
+		assert_eq!(orig_db.journal_db().keys(), db.journal_db().keys());
+		assert!(orig_db.journal_db().keys().iter().filter(|k| orig_db.journal_db().get(k.0) != db.journal_db().get(k.0)).next() == None);
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/block_queue.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/block_queue.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 //! A queue of blocks. Sits between network or other I/O and the `BlockChain`.
 //! Sorts them ready for blockchain insertion.
 use std::thread::{JoinHandle, self};
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering as AtomicOrdering};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering as AtomicOrdering};
 use std::sync::{Condvar as SCondvar, Mutex as SMutex};
 use util::*;
 use io::*;
@@ -76,6 +76,13 @@ impl BlockQueueInfo {
 	}
 }

+// the internal queue sizes.
+struct Sizes {
+	unverified: AtomicUsize,
+	verifying: AtomicUsize,
+	verified: AtomicUsize,
+}
+
 /// A queue of blocks. Sits between network or other I/O and the `BlockChain`.
 /// Sorts them ready for blockchain insertion.
 pub struct BlockQueue {
@@ -110,7 +117,21 @@ struct QueueSignal {

 impl QueueSignal {
 	#[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(bool_comparison))]
-	fn set(&self) {
+	fn set_sync(&self) {
+		// Do not signal when we are about to close
+		if self.deleting.load(AtomicOrdering::Relaxed) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if self.signalled.compare_and_swap(false, true, AtomicOrdering::Relaxed) == false {
+			if let Err(e) = self.message_channel.send_sync(ClientIoMessage::BlockVerified) {
+				debug!("Error sending BlockVerified message: {:?}", e);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(bool_comparison))]
+	fn set_async(&self) {
 		// Do not signal when we are about to close
 		if self.deleting.load(AtomicOrdering::Relaxed) {
 			return;
@@ -131,11 +152,12 @@ impl QueueSignal {
 struct Verification {
 	// All locks must be captured in the order declared here.
 	unverified: Mutex<VecDeque<UnverifiedBlock>>,
-	verified: Mutex<VecDeque<PreverifiedBlock>>,
 	verifying: Mutex<VecDeque<VerifyingBlock>>,
+	verified: Mutex<VecDeque<PreverifiedBlock>>,
 	bad: Mutex<HashSet<H256>>,
 	more_to_verify: SMutex<()>,
 	empty: SMutex<()>,
+	sizes: Sizes,
 }

 impl BlockQueue {
@@ -143,12 +165,16 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 	pub fn new(config: BlockQueueConfig, engine: Arc<Engine>, message_channel: IoChannel<ClientIoMessage>) -> BlockQueue {
 		let verification = Arc::new(Verification {
 			unverified: Mutex::new(VecDeque::new()),
-			verified: Mutex::new(VecDeque::new()),
 			verifying: Mutex::new(VecDeque::new()),
+			verified: Mutex::new(VecDeque::new()),
 			bad: Mutex::new(HashSet::new()),
 			more_to_verify: SMutex::new(()),
 			empty: SMutex::new(()),
-
+			sizes: Sizes {
+				unverified: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+				verifying: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+				verified: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+			}
 		});
 		let more_to_verify = Arc::new(SCondvar::new());
 		let deleting = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
@@ -221,16 +247,18 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 				}
 				let mut verifying = verification.verifying.lock();
 				let block = unverified.pop_front().unwrap();
+				verification.sizes.unverified.fetch_sub(block.heap_size_of_children(), AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
 				verifying.push_back(VerifyingBlock{ hash: block.header.hash(), block: None });
 				block
 			};

 			let block_hash = block.header.hash();
-			match verify_block_unordered(block.header, block.bytes, &*engine) {
+			let is_ready = match verify_block_unordered(block.header, block.bytes, &*engine) {
 				Ok(verified) => {
 					let mut verifying = verification.verifying.lock();
 					for e in verifying.iter_mut() {
 						if e.hash == block_hash {
+							verification.sizes.verifying.fetch_add(verified.heap_size_of_children(), AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
 							e.block = Some(verified);
 							break;
 						}
@@ -239,8 +267,10 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 						// we're next!
 						let mut verified = verification.verified.lock();
 						let mut bad = verification.bad.lock();
-						BlockQueue::drain_verifying(&mut verifying, &mut verified, &mut bad);
-						ready.set();
+						BlockQueue::drain_verifying(&mut verifying, &mut verified, &mut bad, &verification.sizes);
+						true
+					} else {
+						false
 					}
 				},
 				Err(err) => {
@@ -250,23 +280,39 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 					warn!(target: "client", "Stage 2 block verification failed for {}\nError: {:?}", block_hash, err);
 					bad.insert(block_hash.clone());
 					verifying.retain(|e| e.hash != block_hash);
-					BlockQueue::drain_verifying(&mut verifying, &mut verified, &mut bad);
-					ready.set();
+					if !verifying.is_empty() && verifying.front().unwrap().hash == block_hash {
+						BlockQueue::drain_verifying(&mut verifying, &mut verified, &mut bad, &verification.sizes);
+						true
+					} else {
+						false
+					}
 				}
+			};
+			if is_ready {
+				// Import the block immediately
+				ready.set_sync();
 			}
 		}
 	}

-	fn drain_verifying(verifying: &mut VecDeque<VerifyingBlock>, verified: &mut VecDeque<PreverifiedBlock>, bad: &mut HashSet<H256>) {
+	fn drain_verifying(verifying: &mut VecDeque<VerifyingBlock>, verified: &mut VecDeque<PreverifiedBlock>, bad: &mut HashSet<H256>, sizes: &Sizes) {
+		let mut removed_size = 0;
+		let mut inserted_size = 0;
 		while !verifying.is_empty() && verifying.front().unwrap().block.is_some() {
 			let block = verifying.pop_front().unwrap().block.unwrap();
-			if bad.contains(&block.header.parent_hash) {
+			let size = block.heap_size_of_children();
+			removed_size += size;
+
+			if bad.contains(&block.header.parent_hash()) {
 				bad.insert(block.header.hash());
-			}
-			else {
+			} else {
+				inserted_size += size;
 				verified.push_back(block);
 			}
 		}
+
+		sizes.verifying.fetch_sub(removed_size, AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
+		sizes.verified.fetch_add(inserted_size, AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
 	}

 	/// Clear the queue and stop verification activity.
@@ -277,6 +323,12 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 		unverified.clear();
 		verifying.clear();
 		verified.clear();
+
+		let sizes = &self.verification.sizes;
+		sizes.unverified.store(0, AtomicOrdering::Release);
+		sizes.verifying.store(0, AtomicOrdering::Release);
+		sizes.verified.store(0, AtomicOrdering::Release);
+
 		self.processing.write().clear();
 	}

@@ -322,7 +374,9 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 		match verify_block_basic(&header, &bytes, &*self.engine) {
 			Ok(()) => {
 				self.processing.write().insert(h.clone());
-				self.verification.unverified.lock().push_back(UnverifiedBlock { header: header, bytes: bytes });
+				let block = UnverifiedBlock { header: header, bytes: bytes };
+				self.verification.sizes.unverified.fetch_add(block.heap_size_of_children(), AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
+				self.verification.unverified.lock().push_back(block);
 				self.more_to_verify.notify_all();
 				Ok(h)
 			},
@@ -350,26 +404,32 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 		}

 		let mut new_verified = VecDeque::new();
+		let mut removed_size = 0;
 		for block in verified.drain(..) {
 			if bad.contains(&block.header.parent_hash) {
+				removed_size += block.heap_size_of_children();
 				bad.insert(block.header.hash());
 				processing.remove(&block.header.hash());
 			} else {
 				new_verified.push_back(block);
 			}
 		}
+
+		self.verification.sizes.verified.fetch_sub(removed_size, AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
 		*verified = new_verified;
 	}

-	/// Mark given block as processed
-	pub fn mark_as_good(&self, block_hashes: &[H256]) {
-		if block_hashes.is_empty() {
-			return;
+	/// Mark given item as processed.
+	/// Returns true if the queue becomes empty.
+	pub fn mark_as_good(&self, hashes: &[H256]) -> bool {
+		if hashes.is_empty() {
+			return self.processing.read().is_empty();
 		}
 		let mut processing = self.processing.write();
-		for hash in block_hashes {
+		for hash in hashes {
 			processing.remove(hash);
 		}
+		processing.is_empty()
 	}

 	/// Removes up to `max` verified blocks from the queue
@@ -379,28 +439,34 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 		let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(count);
 		for _ in 0..count {
 			let block = verified.pop_front().unwrap();
+			self.verification.sizes.verified.fetch_sub(block.heap_size_of_children(), AtomicOrdering::SeqCst);
 			result.push(block);
 		}
 		self.ready_signal.reset();
 		if !verified.is_empty() {
-			self.ready_signal.set();
+			self.ready_signal.set_async();
 		}
 		result
 	}

 	/// Get queue status.
 	pub fn queue_info(&self) -> BlockQueueInfo {
+		use std::mem::size_of;
 		let (unverified_len, unverified_bytes) = {
-			let v = self.verification.unverified.lock();
-			(v.len(), v.heap_size_of_children())
+			let len = self.verification.unverified.lock().len();
+			let size = self.verification.sizes.unverified.load(AtomicOrdering::Acquire);
+
+			(len, size + len * size_of::<UnverifiedBlock>())
 		};
 		let (verifying_len, verifying_bytes) = {
-			let v = self.verification.verifying.lock();
-			(v.len(), v.heap_size_of_children())
+			let len = self.verification.verifying.lock().len();
+			let size = self.verification.sizes.verifying.load(AtomicOrdering::Acquire);
+			(len, size + len * size_of::<VerifyingBlock>())
 		};
 		let (verified_len, verified_bytes) = {
-			let v = self.verification.verified.lock();
-			(v.len(), v.heap_size_of_children())
+			let len = self.verification.verified.lock().len();
+			let size = self.verification.sizes.verified.load(AtomicOrdering::Acquire);
+			(len, size + len * size_of::<PreverifiedBlock>())
 		};
 		BlockQueueInfo {
 			unverified_queue_size: unverified_len,
@@ -408,12 +474,9 @@ impl BlockQueue {
 			verified_queue_size: verified_len,
 			max_queue_size: self.max_queue_size,
 			max_mem_use: self.max_mem_use,
-			mem_used:
-				unverified_bytes
-				+ verifying_bytes
-				+ verified_bytes
-				// TODO: https://github.com/servo/heapsize/pull/50
-				//+ self.processing.read().heap_size_of_children(),
+			mem_used: unverified_bytes
+					   + verifying_bytes
+					   + verified_bytes
 		}
 	}

--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/block_info.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/block_info.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub struct BlockInfo {
 }

 /// Describes location of newly inserted block.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum BlockLocation {
 	/// It's part of the canon chain.
 	CanonChain,
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub enum BlockLocation {
 	BranchBecomingCanonChain(BranchBecomingCanonChainData),
 }

-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct BranchBecomingCanonChainData {
 	/// Hash of the newest common ancestor with old canon chain.
 	pub ancestor: H256,
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/blockchain.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/blockchain.rs
@@ -133,8 +133,9 @@ enum CacheID {
 impl bc::group::BloomGroupDatabase for BlockChain {
 	fn blooms_at(&self, position: &bc::group::GroupPosition) -> Option<bc::group::BloomGroup> {
 		let position = LogGroupPosition::from(position.clone());
-		self.note_used(CacheID::BlocksBlooms(position.clone()));
-		self.db.read_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &self.blocks_blooms, &position).map(Into::into)
+		let result = self.db.read_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &self.blocks_blooms, &position).map(Into::into);
+		self.note_used(CacheID::BlocksBlooms(position));
+		result
 	}
 }

@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ pub struct BlockChain {

 	pending_best_block: RwLock<Option<BestBlock>>,
 	pending_block_hashes: RwLock<HashMap<BlockNumber, H256>>,
-	pending_transaction_addresses: RwLock<HashMap<H256, TransactionAddress>>,
+	pending_transaction_addresses: RwLock<HashMap<H256, Option<TransactionAddress>>>,
 }

 impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
@@ -211,9 +212,7 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 		let opt = self.db.get(DB_COL_HEADERS, hash)
 			.expect("Low level database error. Some issue with disk?");

-		self.note_used(CacheID::BlockHeader(hash.clone()));
-
-		match opt {
+		let result = match opt {
 			Some(b) => {
 				let bytes: Bytes = UntrustedRlp::new(&b).decompress(RlpType::Blocks).to_vec();
 				let mut write = self.block_headers.write();
@@ -221,7 +220,10 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 				Some(bytes)
 			},
 			None => None
-		}
+		};
+
+		self.note_used(CacheID::BlockHeader(hash.clone()));
+		result
 	}

 	/// Get block body data
@@ -246,9 +248,7 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 		let opt = self.db.get(DB_COL_BODIES, hash)
 			.expect("Low level database error. Some issue with disk?");

-		self.note_used(CacheID::BlockBody(hash.clone()));
-
-		match opt {
+		let result = match opt {
 			Some(b) => {
 				let bytes: Bytes = UntrustedRlp::new(&b).decompress(RlpType::Blocks).to_vec();
 				let mut write = self.block_bodies.write();
@@ -256,31 +256,39 @@ impl BlockProvider for BlockChain {
 				Some(bytes)
 			},
 			None => None
-		}
+		};
+
+		self.note_used(CacheID::BlockBody(hash.clone()));
+
+		result
 	}

 	/// Get the familial details concerning a block.
 	fn block_details(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<BlockDetails> {
+		let result = self.db.read_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &self.block_details, hash);
 		self.note_used(CacheID::BlockDetails(hash.clone()));
-		self.db.read_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &self.block_details, hash)
+		result
 	}

 	/// Get the hash of given block's number.
 	fn block_hash(&self, index: BlockNumber) -> Option<H256> {
+		let result = self.db.read_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &self.block_hashes, &index);
 		self.note_used(CacheID::BlockHashes(index));
-		self.db.read_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &self.block_hashes, &index)
+		result
 	}

 	/// Get the address of transaction with given hash.
 	fn transaction_address(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<TransactionAddress> {
+		let result = self.db.read_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &self.transaction_addresses, hash);
 		self.note_used(CacheID::TransactionAddresses(hash.clone()));
-		self.db.read_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &self.transaction_addresses, hash)
+		result
 	}

 	/// Get receipts of block with given hash.
 	fn block_receipts(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<BlockReceipts> {
+		let result = self.db.read_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &self.block_receipts, hash);
 		self.note_used(CacheID::BlockReceipts(hash.clone()));
-		self.db.read_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &self.block_receipts, hash)
+		result
 	}

 	/// Returns numbers of blocks containing given bloom.
@@ -576,8 +584,8 @@ impl BlockChain {
 				block_hashes: self.prepare_block_hashes_update(bytes, &info),
 				block_details: self.prepare_block_details_update(bytes, &info),
 				block_receipts: self.prepare_block_receipts_update(receipts, &info),
-				transactions_addresses: self.prepare_transaction_addresses_update(bytes, &info),
 				blocks_blooms: self.prepare_block_blooms_update(bytes, &info),
+				transactions_addresses: self.prepare_transaction_addresses_update(bytes, &info),
 				info: info,
 				block: bytes
 			}, is_best);
@@ -610,8 +618,8 @@ impl BlockChain {
 				block_hashes: self.prepare_block_hashes_update(bytes, &info),
 				block_details: update,
 				block_receipts: self.prepare_block_receipts_update(receipts, &info),
-				transactions_addresses: self.prepare_transaction_addresses_update(bytes, &info),
 				blocks_blooms: self.prepare_block_blooms_update(bytes, &info),
+				transactions_addresses: self.prepare_transaction_addresses_update(bytes, &info),
 				info: info,
 				block: bytes,
 			}, is_best);
@@ -635,11 +643,12 @@ impl BlockChain {
 		let mut update = HashMap::new();
 		update.insert(block_hash, parent_details);

-		self.note_used(CacheID::BlockDetails(block_hash));

 		let mut write_details = self.block_details.write();
 		batch.extend_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &mut *write_details, update, CacheUpdatePolicy::Overwrite);

+		self.note_used(CacheID::BlockDetails(block_hash));
+
 		self.db.write(batch).unwrap();
 	}

@@ -678,8 +687,8 @@ impl BlockChain {
 			block_hashes: self.prepare_block_hashes_update(bytes, &info),
 			block_details: self.prepare_block_details_update(bytes, &info),
 			block_receipts: self.prepare_block_receipts_update(receipts, &info),
-			transactions_addresses: self.prepare_transaction_addresses_update(bytes, &info),
 			blocks_blooms: self.prepare_block_blooms_update(bytes, &info),
+			transactions_addresses: self.prepare_transaction_addresses_update(bytes, &info),
 			info: info.clone(),
 			block: bytes,
 		}, true);
@@ -730,12 +739,15 @@ impl BlockChain {
 	/// Prepares extras update.
 	fn prepare_update(&self, batch: &DBTransaction, update: ExtrasUpdate, is_best: bool) {
 		{
-			for hash in update.block_details.keys().cloned() {
-				self.note_used(CacheID::BlockDetails(hash));
-			}
+			let block_hashes: Vec<_> = update.block_details.keys().cloned().collect();

 			let mut write_details = self.block_details.write();
 			batch.extend_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &mut *write_details, update.block_details, CacheUpdatePolicy::Overwrite);
+
+			let mut cache_man = self.cache_man.write();
+			for hash in block_hashes.into_iter() {
+				cache_man.note_used(CacheID::BlockDetails(hash));
+			}
 		}

 		{
@@ -769,25 +781,45 @@ impl BlockChain {
 			let mut write_txs = self.pending_transaction_addresses.write();

 			batch.extend_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &mut *write_hashes, update.block_hashes, CacheUpdatePolicy::Overwrite);
-			batch.extend_with_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &mut *write_txs, update.transactions_addresses, CacheUpdatePolicy::Overwrite);
+			batch.extend_with_option_cache(DB_COL_EXTRA, &mut *write_txs, update.transactions_addresses, CacheUpdatePolicy::Overwrite);
 		}
 	}

-	/// Applt pending insertion updates
+	/// Apply pending insertion updates
 	pub fn commit(&self) {
-		let mut best_block = self.best_block.write();
-		let mut write_hashes = self.block_hashes.write();
-		let mut write_txs = self.transaction_addresses.write();
 		let mut pending_best_block = self.pending_best_block.write();
 		let mut pending_write_hashes = self.pending_block_hashes.write();
 		let mut pending_write_txs = self.pending_transaction_addresses.write();
+
+		let mut best_block = self.best_block.write();
+		let mut write_hashes = self.block_hashes.write();
+		let mut write_txs = self.transaction_addresses.write();
 		// update best block
 		if let Some(block) = pending_best_block.take() {
 			*best_block = block;
 		}

+		let pending_txs = mem::replace(&mut *pending_write_txs, HashMap::new());
+		let (retracted_txs, enacted_txs) = pending_txs.into_iter().partition::<HashMap<_, _>, _>(|&(_, ref value)| value.is_none());
+
+		let pending_hashes_keys: Vec<_> = pending_write_hashes.keys().cloned().collect();
+		let enacted_txs_keys: Vec<_> = enacted_txs.keys().cloned().collect();
+
 		write_hashes.extend(mem::replace(&mut *pending_write_hashes, HashMap::new()));
-		write_txs.extend(mem::replace(&mut *pending_write_txs, HashMap::new()));
+		write_txs.extend(enacted_txs.into_iter().map(|(k, v)| (k, v.expect("Transactions were partitioned; qed"))));
+
+		for hash in retracted_txs.keys() {
+			write_txs.remove(hash);
+		}
+
+		let mut cache_man = self.cache_man.write();
+		for n in pending_hashes_keys.into_iter() {
+			cache_man.note_used(CacheID::BlockHashes(n));
+		}
+
+		for hash in enacted_txs_keys {
+			cache_man.note_used(CacheID::TransactionAddresses(hash));
+		}
 	}

 	/// Iterator that lists `first` and then all of `first`'s ancestors, by hash.
@@ -887,19 +919,56 @@ impl BlockChain {
 	}

 	/// This function returns modified transaction addresses.
-	fn prepare_transaction_addresses_update(&self, block_bytes: &[u8], info: &BlockInfo) -> HashMap<H256, TransactionAddress> {
+	fn prepare_transaction_addresses_update(&self, block_bytes: &[u8], info: &BlockInfo) -> HashMap<H256, Option<TransactionAddress>> {
 		let block = BlockView::new(block_bytes);
 		let transaction_hashes = block.transaction_hashes();

-		transaction_hashes.into_iter()
-			.enumerate()
-			.fold(HashMap::new(), |mut acc, (i ,tx_hash)| {
-				acc.insert(tx_hash, TransactionAddress {
-					block_hash: info.hash.clone(),
-					index: i
+		match info.location {
+			BlockLocation::CanonChain => {
+				transaction_hashes.into_iter()
+					.enumerate()
+					.map(|(i ,tx_hash)| {
+						(tx_hash, Some(TransactionAddress {
+							block_hash: info.hash.clone(),
+							index: i
+						}))
+					})
+					.collect()
+			},
+			BlockLocation::BranchBecomingCanonChain(ref data) => {
+				let addresses = data.enacted.iter()
+					.flat_map(|hash| {
+						let bytes = self.block_body(hash).expect("Enacted block must be in database.");
+						let hashes = BodyView::new(&bytes).transaction_hashes();
+						hashes.into_iter()
+							.enumerate()
+							.map(|(i, tx_hash)| (tx_hash, Some(TransactionAddress {
+								block_hash: hash.clone(),
+								index: i,
+							})))
+							.collect::<HashMap<H256, Option<TransactionAddress>>>()
+					});
+
+				let current_addresses = transaction_hashes.into_iter()
+					.enumerate()
+					.map(|(i ,tx_hash)| {
+						(tx_hash, Some(TransactionAddress {
+							block_hash: info.hash.clone(),
+							index: i
+						}))
+					});
+
+				let retracted = data.retracted.iter().flat_map(|hash| {
+					let bytes = self.block_body(hash).expect("Retracted block must be in database.");
+					let hashes = BodyView::new(&bytes).transaction_hashes();
+					hashes.into_iter().map(|hash| (hash, None)).collect::<HashMap<H256, Option<TransactionAddress>>>()
 				});
-				acc
-			})
+
+				// The order here is important! Don't remove transaction if it was part of enacted blocks as well.
+				retracted.chain(addresses).chain(current_addresses).collect()
+			},
+			BlockLocation::Branch => HashMap::new(),
+		}
 	}

 	/// This functions returns modified blocks blooms.
@@ -992,16 +1061,18 @@ impl BlockChain {

 	/// Ticks our cache system and throws out any old data.
 	pub fn collect_garbage(&self) {
-		let mut cache_man = self.cache_man.write();
-		cache_man.collect_garbage(|| self.cache_size().total(), | ids | {
-			let mut block_headers = self.block_headers.write();
-			let mut block_bodies = self.block_bodies.write();
-			let mut block_details = self.block_details.write();
-			let mut block_hashes = self.block_hashes.write();
-			let mut transaction_addresses = self.transaction_addresses.write();
-			let mut blocks_blooms = self.blocks_blooms.write();
-			let mut block_receipts = self.block_receipts.write();
+		let current_size = self.cache_size().total();

+		let mut block_headers = self.block_headers.write();
+		let mut block_bodies = self.block_bodies.write();
+		let mut block_details = self.block_details.write();
+		let mut block_hashes = self.block_hashes.write();
+		let mut transaction_addresses = self.transaction_addresses.write();
+		let mut blocks_blooms = self.blocks_blooms.write();
+		let mut block_receipts = self.block_receipts.write();
+
+		let mut cache_man = self.cache_man.write();
+		cache_man.collect_garbage(current_size, | ids | {
 			for id in &ids {
 				match *id {
 					CacheID::BlockHeader(ref h) => { block_headers.remove(h); },
@@ -1013,6 +1084,7 @@ impl BlockChain {
 					CacheID::BlockReceipts(ref h) => { block_receipts.remove(h); }
 				}
 			}
+
 			block_headers.shrink_to_fit();
 			block_bodies.shrink_to_fit();
 			block_details.shrink_to_fit();
@@ -1020,6 +1092,14 @@ impl BlockChain {
 			transaction_addresses.shrink_to_fit();
 			blocks_blooms.shrink_to_fit();
 			block_receipts.shrink_to_fit();
+
+			block_headers.heap_size_of_children() +
+			block_bodies.heap_size_of_children() +
+			block_details.heap_size_of_children() +
+			block_hashes.heap_size_of_children() +
+			transaction_addresses.heap_size_of_children() +
+			blocks_blooms.heap_size_of_children() +
+			block_receipts.heap_size_of_children()
 		});
 	}

@@ -1036,7 +1116,6 @@ impl BlockChain {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	#![cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(similar_names))]
-	use std::str::FromStr;
 	use std::sync::Arc;
 	use rustc_serialize::hex::FromHex;
 	use util::{Database, DatabaseConfig};
@@ -1047,8 +1126,10 @@ mod tests {
 	use tests::helpers::*;
 	use devtools::*;
 	use blockchain::generator::{ChainGenerator, ChainIterator, BlockFinalizer};
+	use blockchain::extras::TransactionAddress;
 	use views::BlockView;
 	use client;
+	use transaction::{Transaction, Action};

 	fn new_db(path: &str) -> Arc<Database> {
 		Arc::new(Database::open(&DatabaseConfig::with_columns(client::DB_NO_OF_COLUMNS), path).unwrap())
@@ -1183,6 +1264,170 @@ mod tests {
 		// TODO: insert block that already includes one of them as an uncle to check it's not allowed.
 	}

+	#[test]
+	fn test_fork_transaction_addresses() {
+		let mut canon_chain = ChainGenerator::default();
+		let mut finalizer = BlockFinalizer::default();
+		let genesis = canon_chain.generate(&mut finalizer).unwrap();
+		let mut fork_chain = canon_chain.fork(1);
+		let mut fork_finalizer = finalizer.fork();
+
+		let t1 = Transaction {
+			nonce: 0.into(),
+			gas_price: 0.into(),
+			gas: 100_000.into(),
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: 100.into(),
+			data: "601080600c6000396000f3006000355415600957005b60203560003555".from_hex().unwrap(),
+		}.sign(&"".sha3(), None);
+
+
+		let b1a = canon_chain
+			.with_transaction(t1.clone())
+			.generate(&mut finalizer).unwrap();
+
+		// Empty block
+		let b1b = fork_chain
+			.generate(&mut fork_finalizer).unwrap();
+
+		let b2 = fork_chain
+			.generate(&mut fork_finalizer).unwrap();
+
+		let b1a_hash = BlockView::new(&b1a).header_view().sha3();
+		let b2_hash = BlockView::new(&b2).header_view().sha3();
+
+		let t1_hash = t1.hash();
+
+		let temp = RandomTempPath::new();
+		let db = new_db(temp.as_str());
+		let bc = BlockChain::new(Config::default(), &genesis, db.clone());
+
+		let mut batch = db.transaction();
+		let _ = bc.insert_block(&mut batch, &b1a, vec![]);
+		bc.commit();
+		let _ = bc.insert_block(&mut batch, &b1b, vec![]);
+		bc.commit();
+		db.write(batch).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(bc.best_block_hash(), b1a_hash);
+		assert_eq!(bc.transaction_address(&t1_hash), Some(TransactionAddress {
+			block_hash: b1a_hash.clone(),
+			index: 0,
+		}));
+
+		// now let's make forked chain the canon chain
+		let mut batch = db.transaction();
+		let _ = bc.insert_block(&mut batch, &b2, vec![]);
+		bc.commit();
+		db.write(batch).unwrap();
+
+		// Transaction should be retracted
+		assert_eq!(bc.best_block_hash(), b2_hash);
+		assert_eq!(bc.transaction_address(&t1_hash), None);
+	}
+
+
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_overwriting_transaction_addresses() {
+		let mut canon_chain = ChainGenerator::default();
+		let mut finalizer = BlockFinalizer::default();
+		let genesis = canon_chain.generate(&mut finalizer).unwrap();
+		let mut fork_chain = canon_chain.fork(1);
+		let mut fork_finalizer = finalizer.fork();
+
+		let t1 = Transaction {
+			nonce: 0.into(),
+			gas_price: 0.into(),
+			gas: 100_000.into(),
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: 100.into(),
+			data: "601080600c6000396000f3006000355415600957005b60203560003555".from_hex().unwrap(),
+		}.sign(&"".sha3(), None);
+
+		let t2 = Transaction {
+			nonce: 1.into(),
+			gas_price: 0.into(),
+			gas: 100_000.into(),
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: 100.into(),
+			data: "601080600c6000396000f3006000355415600957005b60203560003555".from_hex().unwrap(),
+		}.sign(&"".sha3(), None);
+
+		let t3 = Transaction {
+			nonce: 2.into(),
+			gas_price: 0.into(),
+			gas: 100_000.into(),
+			action: Action::Create,
+			value: 100.into(),
+			data: "601080600c6000396000f3006000355415600957005b60203560003555".from_hex().unwrap(),
+		}.sign(&"".sha3(), None);
+
+		let b1a = canon_chain
+			.with_transaction(t1.clone())
+			.with_transaction(t2.clone())
+			.generate(&mut finalizer).unwrap();
+
+		// insert transactions in different order
+		let b1b = fork_chain
+			.with_transaction(t2.clone())
+			.with_transaction(t1.clone())
+			.generate(&mut fork_finalizer).unwrap();
+
+		let b2 = fork_chain
+			.with_transaction(t3.clone())
+			.generate(&mut fork_finalizer).unwrap();
+
+		let b1a_hash = BlockView::new(&b1a).header_view().sha3();
+		let b1b_hash = BlockView::new(&b1b).header_view().sha3();
+		let b2_hash = BlockView::new(&b2).header_view().sha3();
+
+		let t1_hash = t1.hash();
+		let t2_hash = t2.hash();
+		let t3_hash = t3.hash();
+
+		let temp = RandomTempPath::new();
+		let db = new_db(temp.as_str());
+		let bc = BlockChain::new(Config::default(), &genesis, db.clone());
+
+		let mut batch = db.transaction();
+		let _ = bc.insert_block(&mut batch, &b1a, vec![]);
+		bc.commit();
+		let _ = bc.insert_block(&mut batch, &b1b, vec![]);
+		bc.commit();
+		db.write(batch).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(bc.best_block_hash(), b1a_hash);
+		assert_eq!(bc.transaction_address(&t1_hash), Some(TransactionAddress {
+			block_hash: b1a_hash.clone(),
+			index: 0,
+		}));
+		assert_eq!(bc.transaction_address(&t2_hash), Some(TransactionAddress {
+			block_hash: b1a_hash.clone(),
+			index: 1,
+		}));
+
+		// now let's make forked chain the canon chain
+		let mut batch = db.transaction();
+		let _ = bc.insert_block(&mut batch, &b2, vec![]);
+		bc.commit();
+		db.write(batch).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(bc.best_block_hash(), b2_hash);
+		assert_eq!(bc.transaction_address(&t1_hash), Some(TransactionAddress {
+			block_hash: b1b_hash.clone(),
+			index: 1,
+		}));
+		assert_eq!(bc.transaction_address(&t2_hash), Some(TransactionAddress {
+			block_hash: b1b_hash.clone(),
+			index: 0,
+		}));
+		assert_eq!(bc.transaction_address(&t3_hash), Some(TransactionAddress {
+			block_hash: b2_hash.clone(),
+			index: 0,
+		}));
+	}
+
 	#[test]
 	#[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(cyclomatic_complexity))]
 	fn test_small_fork() {
@@ -1383,7 +1628,7 @@ mod tests {
 	fn find_transaction_by_hash() {
 		let genesis = "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".from_hex().unwrap();
 		let b1 = "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".from_hex().unwrap();
-		let b1_hash = H256::from_str("f53f268d23a71e85c7d6d83a9504298712b84c1a2ba220441c86eeda0bf0b6e3").unwrap();
+		let b1_hash: H256 = "f53f268d23a71e85c7d6d83a9504298712b84c1a2ba220441c86eeda0bf0b6e3".into();

 		let temp = RandomTempPath::new();
 		let db = new_db(temp.as_str());
@@ -1411,11 +1656,11 @@ mod tests {
 	#[test]
 	fn test_bloom_filter_simple() {
 		// TODO: From here
-		let bloom_b1 = H2048::from_str("00000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000400000000000000000000002000").unwrap();
+		let bloom_b1: H2048 = "00000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000400000000000000000000002000".into();

-		let bloom_b2 = H2048::from_str("00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap();
+		let bloom_b2: H2048 = "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000".into();

-		let bloom_ba = H2048::from_str("00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap();
+		let bloom_ba: H2048 = "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000".into();

 		let mut canon_chain = ChainGenerator::default();
 		let mut finalizer = BlockFinalizer::default();
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/extras.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/extras.rs
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl Encodable for BlockDetails {
 }

 /// Represents address of certain transaction within block
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
 pub struct TransactionAddress {
 	/// Block hash
 	pub block_hash: H256,
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/generator/block.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/generator/block.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@

 use util::rlp::*;
 use util::{H256, H2048};
-use util::U256;
 use util::bytes::Bytes;
 use header::Header;
 use transaction::SignedTransaction;
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ use transaction::SignedTransaction;
 use super::fork::Forkable;
 use super::bloom::WithBloom;
 use super::complete::CompleteBlock;
+use super::transaction::WithTransaction;

 /// Helper structure, used for encoding blocks.
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ impl Encodable for Block {

 impl Forkable for Block {
 	fn fork(mut self, fork_number: usize) -> Self where Self: Sized {
-		self.header.difficulty = self.header.difficulty - U256::from(fork_number);
+		let difficulty = self.header.difficulty().clone() - fork_number.into();
+		self.header.difficulty = difficulty;
 		self
 	}
 }
@@ -56,6 +57,13 @@ impl WithBloom for Block {
 	}
 }

+impl WithTransaction for Block {
+	fn with_transaction(mut self, transaction: SignedTransaction) -> Self where Self: Sized {
+		self.transactions.push(transaction);
+		self
+	}
+}
+
 impl CompleteBlock for Block {
 	fn complete(mut self, parent_hash: H256) -> Bytes {
 		self.header.parent_hash = parent_hash;
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/generator/generator.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/generator/generator.rs
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ use util::hash::H2048;
 use util::numbers::U256;
 use util::bytes::Bytes;
 use header::BlockNumber;
+use transaction::SignedTransaction;
 use super::fork::Fork;
 use super::bloom::Bloom;
 use super::complete::{BlockFinalizer, CompleteBlock, Complete};
 use super::block::Block;
+use super::transaction::Transaction;

 /// Chain iterator interface.
 pub trait ChainIterator: Iterator + Sized {
@@ -30,6 +32,8 @@ pub trait ChainIterator: Iterator + Sized {
 	fn fork(&self, fork_number: usize) -> Fork<Self> where Self: Clone;
 	/// Should be called to make every consecutive block have given bloom.
 	fn with_bloom(&mut self, bloom: H2048) -> Bloom<Self>;
+	/// Should be called to make every consecutive block have given transaction.
+	fn with_transaction(&mut self, transaction: SignedTransaction) -> Transaction<Self>;
 	/// Should be called to complete block. Without complete, block may have incorrect hash.
 	fn complete<'a>(&'a mut self, finalizer: &'a mut BlockFinalizer) -> Complete<'a, Self>;
 	/// Completes and generates block.
@@ -51,6 +55,13 @@ impl<I> ChainIterator for I where I: Iterator + Sized {
 		}
 	}

+	fn with_transaction(&mut self, transaction: SignedTransaction) -> Transaction<Self> {
+		Transaction {
+			iter: self,
+			transaction: transaction,
+		}
+	}
+
 	fn complete<'a>(&'a mut self, finalizer: &'a mut BlockFinalizer) -> Complete<'a, Self> {
 		Complete {
 			iter: self,
@@ -85,7 +96,7 @@ impl Default for ChainGenerator {
 	fn default() -> Self {
 		ChainGenerator {
 			number: 0,
-			difficulty: U256::from(1000),
+			difficulty: 1000.into(),
 		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/generator/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/generator/mod.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ mod block;
 mod complete;
 mod fork;
 pub mod generator;
+mod transaction;

 pub use self::complete::BlockFinalizer;
 pub use self::generator::{ChainIterator, ChainGenerator};
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/generator/transaction.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/generator/transaction.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use transaction::SignedTransaction;
+
+pub trait WithTransaction {
+	fn with_transaction(self, transaction: SignedTransaction) -> Self where Self: Sized;
+}
+
+pub struct Transaction<'a, I> where I: 'a {
+	pub iter: &'a mut I,
+	pub transaction: SignedTransaction,
+}
+
+impl <'a, I> Iterator for Transaction<'a, I> where I: Iterator, <I as Iterator>::Item: WithTransaction {
+	type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;
+
+	#[inline]
+	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+		self.iter.next().map(|item| item.with_transaction(self.transaction.clone()))
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/blockchain/update.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/blockchain/update.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ pub struct ExtrasUpdate<'a> {
 	pub block_details: HashMap<H256, BlockDetails>,
 	/// Modified block receipts.
 	pub block_receipts: HashMap<H256, BlockReceipts>,
-	/// Modified transaction addresses.
-	pub transactions_addresses: HashMap<H256, TransactionAddress>,
 	/// Modified blocks blooms.
 	pub blocks_blooms: HashMap<LogGroupPosition, BloomGroup>,
+	/// Modified transaction addresses (None signifies removed transactions).
+	pub transactions_addresses: HashMap<H256, Option<TransactionAddress>>,
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/cache_manager.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/cache_manager.rs
@@ -45,16 +45,19 @@ impl<T> CacheManager<T> where T: Eq + Hash {
 		}
 	}

-	pub fn collect_garbage<C, F>(&mut self, current_size: C, mut notify_unused: F) where C: Fn() -> usize, F: FnMut(HashSet<T>) {
-		if current_size() < self.pref_cache_size {
+	/// Collects unused objects from cache.
+	/// First params is the current size of the cache.
+	/// Second one is an with objects to remove. It should also return new size of the cache.
+	pub fn collect_garbage<F>(&mut self, current_size: usize, mut notify_unused: F) where F: FnMut(HashSet<T>) -> usize {
+		if current_size < self.pref_cache_size {
 			self.rotate_cache_if_needed();
 			return;
 		}

 		for _ in 0..COLLECTION_QUEUE_SIZE {
-			notify_unused(self.cache_usage.pop_back().unwrap());
+			let current_size = notify_unused(self.cache_usage.pop_back().unwrap());
 			self.cache_usage.push_front(Default::default());
-			if current_size() < self.max_cache_size {
+			if current_size < self.max_cache_size {
 				break;
 			}
 		}
--- a/ethcore/src/client/chain_notify.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/chain_notify.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,10 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 use util::numbers::*;
-use ipc::{IpcConfig, BinaryConvertError};
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
-use std::mem;
+use ipc::{IpcConfig};

 /// Represents what has to be handled by actor listening to chain events
-#[derive(Ipc)]
+#[ipc]
 pub trait ChainNotify : Send + Sync {
 	/// fires when chain has new blocks
 	fn new_blocks(&self,
--- a/ethcore/src/client/client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/client.rs
@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@

 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-use std::collections::{HashSet, HashMap, VecDeque};
+use std::collections::{HashSet, HashMap, BTreeMap, VecDeque};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use std::path::{Path};
 use std::fmt;
+use std::cmp;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, AtomicBool, Ordering as AtomicOrdering};
 use std::time::{Instant};
 use time::precise_time_ns;

 // util
 use util::{journaldb, rlp, Bytes, View, PerfTimer, Itertools, Mutex, RwLock};
-use util::journaldb::JournalDB;
 use util::rlp::{UntrustedRlp};
 use util::numbers::*;
 use util::sha3::*;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use io::*;
 use views::{BlockView, HeaderView, BodyView};
 use error::{ImportError, ExecutionError, CallError, BlockError, ImportResult};
 use header::BlockNumber;
-use state::State;
+use state::{State, CleanupMode};
 use spec::Spec;
 use basic_types::Seal;
 use engines::Engine;
@@ -49,8 +49,11 @@ use types::filter::Filter;
 use log_entry::LocalizedLogEntry;
 use block_queue::{BlockQueue, BlockQueueInfo};
 use blockchain::{BlockChain, BlockProvider, TreeRoute, ImportRoute};
-use client::{BlockID, TransactionID, UncleID, TraceId, ClientConfig, BlockChainClient, MiningBlockChainClient,
-	TraceFilter, CallAnalytics, BlockImportError, Mode, ChainNotify};
+use client::{
+	BlockID, TransactionID, UncleID, TraceId, ClientConfig, BlockChainClient,
+	MiningBlockChainClient, TraceFilter, CallAnalytics, BlockImportError, Mode,
+	ChainNotify
+};
 use client::Error as ClientError;
 use env_info::EnvInfo;
 use executive::{Executive, Executed, TransactOptions, contract_address};
@@ -62,6 +65,7 @@ use evm::Factory as EvmFactory;
 use miner::{Miner, MinerService};
 use util::TrieFactory;
 use snapshot::{self, io as snapshot_io};
+use state_db::StateDB;

 // re-export
 pub use types::blockchain_info::BlockChainInfo;
@@ -70,6 +74,7 @@ pub use blockchain::CacheSize as BlockChainCacheSize;

 const MAX_TX_QUEUE_SIZE: usize = 4096;
 const MAX_QUEUE_SIZE_TO_SLEEP_ON: usize = 2;
+const MIN_HISTORY_SIZE: u64 = 8;

 impl fmt::Display for BlockChainInfo {
 	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -121,7 +126,7 @@ pub struct Client {
 	tracedb: Arc<TraceDB<BlockChain>>,
 	engine: Arc<Engine>,
 	db: Arc<Database>,
-	state_db: Mutex<Box<JournalDB>>,
+	state_db: Mutex<StateDB>,
 	block_queue: BlockQueue,
 	report: RwLock<ClientReport>,
 	import_lock: Mutex<()>,
@@ -136,10 +141,9 @@ pub struct Client {
 	notify: RwLock<Vec<Weak<ChainNotify>>>,
 	queue_transactions: AtomicUsize,
 	last_hashes: RwLock<VecDeque<H256>>,
+	history: u64,
 }

-const HISTORY: u64 = 1200;
-
 // database columns
 /// Column for State
 pub const DB_COL_STATE: Option<u32> = Some(0);
@@ -151,15 +155,10 @@ pub const DB_COL_BODIES: Option<u32> = Some(2);
 pub const DB_COL_EXTRA: Option<u32> = Some(3);
 /// Column for Traces
 pub const DB_COL_TRACE: Option<u32> = Some(4);
+/// Column for Traces
+pub const DB_COL_ACCOUNT_BLOOM: Option<u32> = Some(5);
 /// Number of columns in DB
-pub const DB_NO_OF_COLUMNS: Option<u32> = Some(5);
-
-/// Append a path element to the given path and return the string.
-pub fn append_path<P>(path: P, item: &str) -> String where P: AsRef<Path> {
-	let mut p = path.as_ref().to_path_buf();
-	p.push(item);
-	p.to_str().unwrap().to_owned()
-}
+pub const DB_NO_OF_COLUMNS: Option<u32> = Some(6);

 impl Client {
 	/// Create a new client with given spec and DB path and custom verifier.
@@ -177,18 +176,32 @@ impl Client {
 		db_config.compaction = config.db_compaction.compaction_profile();
 		db_config.wal = config.db_wal;

-		let db = Arc::new(try!(Database::open(&db_config, &path.to_str().unwrap()).map_err(ClientError::Database)));
+		let db = Arc::new(try!(Database::open(&db_config, &path.to_str().expect("DB path could not be converted to string.")).map_err(ClientError::Database)));
 		let chain = Arc::new(BlockChain::new(config.blockchain, &gb, db.clone()));
 		let tracedb = Arc::new(try!(TraceDB::new(config.tracing, db.clone(), chain.clone())));

-		let mut state_db = journaldb::new(db.clone(), config.pruning, DB_COL_STATE);
-		if state_db.is_empty() && try!(spec.ensure_db_good(state_db.as_hashdb_mut())) {
+		let journal_db = journaldb::new(db.clone(), config.pruning, DB_COL_STATE);
+		let mut state_db = StateDB::new(journal_db);
+		if state_db.journal_db().is_empty() && try!(spec.ensure_db_good(&mut state_db)) {
 			let batch = DBTransaction::new(&db);
 			try!(state_db.commit(&batch, 0, &spec.genesis_header().hash(), None));
 			try!(db.write(batch).map_err(ClientError::Database));
 		}

-		if !chain.block_header(&chain.best_block_hash()).map_or(true, |h| state_db.contains(h.state_root())) {
+		trace!("Cleanup journal: DB Earliest = {:?}, Latest = {:?}", state_db.journal_db().earliest_era(), state_db.journal_db().latest_era());
+		let history = cmp::max(MIN_HISTORY_SIZE, config.history);
+		if let (Some(earliest), Some(latest)) = (state_db.journal_db().earliest_era(), state_db.journal_db().latest_era()) {
+			if latest > earliest && latest - earliest > history {
+				for era in earliest..(latest - history + 1) {
+					trace!("Removing era {}", era);
+					let batch = DBTransaction::new(&db);
+					try!(state_db.journal_db_mut().commit_old(&batch, era, &chain.block_hash(era).expect("Old block not found in the database")));
+					try!(db.write(batch).map_err(ClientError::Database));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !chain.block_header(&chain.best_block_hash()).map_or(true, |h| state_db.journal_db().contains(h.state_root())) {
 			warn!("State root not found for block #{} ({})", chain.best_block_number(), chain.best_block_hash().hex());
 		}

@@ -220,6 +233,7 @@ impl Client {
 			notify: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
 			queue_transactions: AtomicUsize::new(0),
 			last_hashes: RwLock::new(VecDeque::new()),
+			history: history,
 		};
 		Ok(Arc::new(client))
 	}
@@ -245,6 +259,22 @@ impl Client {
 		}
 	}

+	/// The env info as of the best block.
+	fn latest_env_info(&self) -> EnvInfo {
+		let header_data = self.best_block_header();
+		let view = HeaderView::new(&header_data);
+
+		EnvInfo {
+			number: view.number(),
+			author: view.author(),
+			timestamp: view.timestamp(),
+			difficulty: view.difficulty(),
+			last_hashes: self.build_last_hashes(view.hash()),
+			gas_used: U256::default(),
+			gas_limit: view.gas_limit(),
+		}
+	}
+
 	fn build_last_hashes(&self, parent_hash: H256) -> Arc<LastHashes> {
 		{
 			let hashes = self.last_hashes.read();
@@ -276,7 +306,7 @@ impl Client {

 		// Check the block isn't so old we won't be able to enact it.
 		let best_block_number = self.chain.best_block_number();
-		if best_block_number >= HISTORY && header.number() <= best_block_number - HISTORY {
+		if best_block_number >= self.history && header.number() <= best_block_number - self.history {
 			warn!(target: "client", "Block import failed for #{} ({})\nBlock is ancient (current best block: #{}).", header.number(), header.hash(), best_block_number);
 			return Err(());
 		}
@@ -289,31 +319,28 @@ impl Client {
 		};

 		// Check if Parent is in chain
-		let chain_has_parent = self.chain.block_header(&header.parent_hash);
-		if let None = chain_has_parent {
-			warn!(target: "client", "Block import failed for #{} ({}): Parent not found ({}) ", header.number(), header.hash(), header.parent_hash);
-			return Err(());
-		};
+		let chain_has_parent = self.chain.block_header(header.parent_hash());
+		if let Some(parent) = chain_has_parent {
+			// Enact Verified Block
+			let last_hashes = self.build_last_hashes(header.parent_hash().clone());
+			let db = self.state_db.lock().boxed_clone_canon(&header.parent_hash());

-		// Enact Verified Block
-		let parent = chain_has_parent.unwrap();
-		let last_hashes = self.build_last_hashes(header.parent_hash.clone());
-		let db = self.state_db.lock().boxed_clone();
+			let enact_result = enact_verified(block, engine, self.tracedb.tracing_enabled(), db, &parent, last_hashes, &self.vm_factory, self.trie_factory.clone());
+			let locked_block = try!(enact_result.map_err(|e| {
+				warn!(target: "client", "Block import failed for #{} ({})\nError: {:?}", header.number(), header.hash(), e);
+			}));

-		let enact_result = enact_verified(block, engine, self.tracedb.tracing_enabled(), db, &parent, last_hashes, &self.vm_factory, self.trie_factory.clone());
-		if let Err(e) = enact_result {
-			warn!(target: "client", "Block import failed for #{} ({})\nError: {:?}", header.number(), header.hash(), e);
-			return Err(());
-		};
+			// Final Verification
+			if let Err(e) = self.verifier.verify_block_final(header, locked_block.block().header()) {
+				warn!(target: "client", "Stage 4 block verification failed for #{} ({})\nError: {:?}", header.number(), header.hash(), e);
+				return Err(());
+			}

-		// Final Verification
-		let locked_block = enact_result.unwrap();
-		if let Err(e) = self.verifier.verify_block_final(header, locked_block.block().header()) {
-			warn!(target: "client", "Stage 4 block verification failed for #{} ({})\nError: {:?}", header.number(), header.hash(), e);
-			return Err(());
+			Ok(locked_block)
+		} else {
+			warn!(target: "client", "Block import failed for #{} ({}): Parent not found ({}) ", header.number(), header.hash(), header.parent_hash());
+			Err(())
 		}
-
-		Ok(locked_block)
 	}

 	fn calculate_enacted_retracted(&self, import_results: &[ImportRoute]) -> (Vec<H256>, Vec<H256>) {
@@ -344,16 +371,19 @@ impl Client {

 	/// This is triggered by a message coming from a block queue when the block is ready for insertion
 	pub fn import_verified_blocks(&self) -> usize {
-		let max_blocks_to_import = 64;
-		let (imported_blocks, import_results, invalid_blocks, imported, duration) = {
+		let max_blocks_to_import = 4;
+		let (imported_blocks, import_results, invalid_blocks, imported, duration, is_empty) = {
 			let mut imported_blocks = Vec::with_capacity(max_blocks_to_import);
 			let mut invalid_blocks = HashSet::new();
 			let mut import_results = Vec::with_capacity(max_blocks_to_import);

 			let _import_lock = self.import_lock.lock();
+			let blocks = self.block_queue.drain(max_blocks_to_import);
+			if blocks.is_empty() {
+				return 0;
+			}
 			let _timer = PerfTimer::new("import_verified_blocks");
 			let start = precise_time_ns();
-			let blocks = self.block_queue.drain(max_blocks_to_import);

 			for block in blocks {
 				let header = &block.header;
@@ -366,36 +396,35 @@ impl Client {
 					invalid_blocks.insert(header.hash());
 					continue;
 				}
+				let is_invalid = invalid_blocks.contains(header.parent_hash());
+				if let (false, Ok(closed_block)) = (is_invalid, self.check_and_close_block(&block)) {
+					imported_blocks.push(header.hash());

-				let closed_block = closed_block.unwrap();
-				imported_blocks.push(header.hash());
+					let route = self.commit_block(closed_block, &header.hash(), &block.bytes);
+					import_results.push(route);

-				let route = self.commit_block(closed_block, &header.hash(), &block.bytes);
-				import_results.push(route);
-
-				self.report.write().accrue_block(&block);
+					self.report.write().accrue_block(&block);
+				} else {
+					invalid_blocks.insert(header.hash());
+				}
 			}

 			let imported = imported_blocks.len();
 			let invalid_blocks = invalid_blocks.into_iter().collect::<Vec<H256>>();

-			{
-				if !invalid_blocks.is_empty() {
-					self.block_queue.mark_as_bad(&invalid_blocks);
-				}
-				if !imported_blocks.is_empty() {
-					self.block_queue.mark_as_good(&imported_blocks);
-				}
+			if !invalid_blocks.is_empty() {
+				self.block_queue.mark_as_bad(&invalid_blocks);
 			}
+			let is_empty = self.block_queue.mark_as_good(&imported_blocks);
 			let duration_ns = precise_time_ns() - start;
-			(imported_blocks, import_results, invalid_blocks, imported, duration_ns)
+			(imported_blocks, import_results, invalid_blocks, imported, duration_ns, is_empty)
 		};

 		{
-			if !imported_blocks.is_empty() && self.block_queue.queue_info().is_empty() {
+			if !imported_blocks.is_empty() && is_empty {
 				let (enacted, retracted) = self.calculate_enacted_retracted(&import_results);

-				if self.queue_info().is_empty() {
+				if is_empty {
 					self.miner.chain_new_blocks(self, &imported_blocks, &invalid_blocks, &enacted, &retracted);
 				}

@@ -420,9 +449,9 @@ impl Client {
 		let number = block.header().number();
 		let parent = block.header().parent_hash().clone();
 		// Are we committing an era?
-		let ancient = if number >= HISTORY {
-			let n = number - HISTORY;
-			Some((n, self.chain.block_hash(n).unwrap()))
+		let ancient = if number >= self.history {
+			let n = number - self.history;
+			Some((n, self.chain.block_hash(n).expect("only verified blocks can be commited; verified block has hash; qed")))
 		} else {
 			None
 		};
@@ -435,12 +464,12 @@ impl Client {
 			.collect();

 		//let traces = From::from(block.traces().clone().unwrap_or_else(Vec::new));
-
 		let batch = DBTransaction::new(&self.db);
 		// CHECK! I *think* this is fine, even if the state_root is equal to another
 		// already-imported block of the same number.
 		// TODO: Prove it with a test.
-		block.drain().commit(&batch, number, hash, ancient).expect("DB commit failed.");
+		let mut state = block.drain();
+		state.commit(&batch, number, hash, ancient).expect("DB commit failed.");

 		let route = self.chain.insert_block(&batch, block_data, receipts);
 		self.tracedb.import(&batch, TraceImportRequest {
@@ -450,10 +479,11 @@ impl Client {
 			enacted: route.enacted.clone(),
 			retracted: route.retracted.len()
 		});
+		let is_canon = route.enacted.last().map_or(false, |h| h == hash);
+		state.sync_cache(&route.enacted, &route.retracted, is_canon);
 		// Final commit to the DB
 		self.db.write_buffered(batch).expect("DB write failed.");
 		self.chain.commit();
-
 		self.update_last_hashes(&parent, hash);
 		route
 	}
@@ -498,7 +528,7 @@ impl Client {
 			let db = self.state_db.lock().boxed_clone();

 			// early exit for pruned blocks
-			if db.is_pruned() && self.chain.best_block_number() >= block_number + HISTORY {
+			if db.is_pruned() && self.chain.best_block_number() >= block_number + self.history {
 				return None;
 			}

@@ -525,9 +555,11 @@ impl Client {

 	/// Get a copy of the best block's state.
 	pub fn state(&self) -> State {
+		let header = self.best_block_header();
+		let header = HeaderView::new(&header);
 		State::from_existing(
-			self.state_db.lock().boxed_clone(),
-			HeaderView::new(&self.best_block_header()).state_root(),
+			self.state_db.lock().boxed_clone_canon(&header.hash()),
+			header.state_root(),
 			self.engine.account_start_nonce(),
 			self.trie_factory.clone())
 		.expect("State root of best block header always valid.")
@@ -594,19 +626,37 @@ impl Client {
 		}
 	}

-	/// Take a snapshot.
-	pub fn take_snapshot<W: snapshot_io::SnapshotWriter + Send>(&self, writer: W) -> Result<(), ::error::Error> {
-		let db = self.state_db.lock().boxed_clone();
+	/// Take a snapshot at the given block.
+	/// If the ID given is "latest", this will default to 1000 blocks behind.
+	pub fn take_snapshot<W: snapshot_io::SnapshotWriter + Send>(&self, writer: W, at: BlockID, p: &snapshot::Progress) -> Result<(), ::error::Error> {
+		let db = self.state_db.lock().journal_db().boxed_clone();
 		let best_block_number = self.chain_info().best_block_number;
-		let start_block_number = if best_block_number > 1000 {
-			best_block_number - 1000
-		} else {
-			0
-		};
-		let start_hash = self.block_hash(BlockID::Number(start_block_number))
-			.expect("blocks within HISTORY are always stored.");
+		let block_number = try!(self.block_number(at).ok_or(snapshot::Error::InvalidStartingBlock(at)));

-		try!(snapshot::take_snapshot(&self.chain, start_hash, db.as_hashdb(), writer));
+		if best_block_number > self.history + block_number && db.is_pruned() {
+			return Err(snapshot::Error::OldBlockPrunedDB.into());
+		}
+
+		let start_hash = match at {
+			BlockID::Latest => {
+				let start_num = if best_block_number > 1000 {
+					best_block_number - 1000
+				} else {
+					0
+				};
+
+				match self.block_hash(BlockID::Number(start_num)) {
+					Some(h) => h,
+					None => return Err(snapshot::Error::InvalidStartingBlock(at).into()),
+				}
+			}
+			_ => match self.block_hash(at) {
+				Some(hash) => hash,
+				None => return Err(snapshot::Error::InvalidStartingBlock(at).into()),
+			},
+		};
+
+		try!(snapshot::take_snapshot(&self.chain, start_hash, db.as_hashdb(), writer, p));

 		Ok(())
 	}
@@ -658,7 +708,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	fn call(&self, t: &SignedTransaction, block: BlockID, analytics: CallAnalytics) -> Result<Executed, CallError> {
 		let header = try!(self.block_header(block).ok_or(CallError::StatePruned));
 		let view = HeaderView::new(&header);
-		let last_hashes = self.build_last_hashes(view.hash());
+		let last_hashes = self.build_last_hashes(view.parent_hash());
 		let env_info = EnvInfo {
 			number: view.number(),
 			author: view.author(),
@@ -680,7 +730,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		let needed_balance = t.value + t.gas * t.gas_price;
 		if balance < needed_balance {
 			// give the sender a sufficient balance
-			state.add_balance(&sender, &(needed_balance - balance));
+			state.add_balance(&sender, &(needed_balance - balance), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		}
 		let options = TransactOptions { tracing: analytics.transaction_tracing, vm_tracing: analytics.vm_tracing, check_nonce: false };
 		let mut ret = try!(Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine, &self.vm_factory).transact(t, options));
@@ -784,8 +834,8 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		Self::block_hash(&self.chain, id)
 	}

-	fn code(&self, address: &Address) -> Option<Bytes> {
-		self.state().code(address)
+	fn code(&self, address: &Address, id: BlockID) -> Option<Option<Bytes>> {
+		self.state_at(id).map(|s| s.code(address).map(|c| (*c).clone()))
 	}

 	fn balance(&self, address: &Address, id: BlockID) -> Option<U256> {
@@ -810,8 +860,9 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 			let t = self.chain.block_body(&address.block_hash)
 				.and_then(|block| BodyView::new(&block).localized_transaction_at(&address.block_hash, block_number, address.index));

-			match (t, self.chain.transaction_receipt(&address)) {
-				(Some(tx), Some(receipt)) => {
+			let tx_and_sender = t.and_then(|tx| tx.sender().ok().map(|sender| (tx, sender)));
+			match (tx_and_sender, self.chain.transaction_receipt(&address)) {
+				(Some((tx, sender)), Some(receipt)) => {
 					let block_hash = tx.block_hash.clone();
 					let block_number = tx.block_number.clone();
 					let transaction_hash = tx.hash();
@@ -833,7 +884,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 						gas_used: receipt.gas_used - prior_gas_used,
 						contract_address: match tx.action {
 							Action::Call(_) => None,
-							Action::Create => Some(contract_address(&tx.sender().unwrap(), &tx.nonce))
+							Action::Create => Some(contract_address(&sender, &tx.nonce))
 						},
 						logs: receipt.logs.into_iter().enumerate().map(|(i, log)| LocalizedLogEntry {
 							entry: log,
@@ -862,7 +913,7 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	}

 	fn state_data(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes> {
-		self.state_db.lock().state(hash)
+		self.state_db.lock().journal_db().state(hash)
 	}

 	fn block_receipts(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<Bytes> {
@@ -900,6 +951,10 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		}
 	}

+	fn additional_params(&self) -> BTreeMap<String, String> {
+		self.engine.additional_params().into_iter().collect()
+	}
+
 	fn blocks_with_bloom(&self, bloom: &H2048, from_block: BlockID, to_block: BlockID) -> Option<Vec<BlockNumber>> {
 		match (self.block_number(from_block), self.block_number(to_block)) {
 			(Some(from), Some(to)) => Some(self.chain.blocks_with_bloom(bloom, from, to)),
@@ -952,17 +1007,18 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 		let start = self.block_number(filter.range.start);
 		let end = self.block_number(filter.range.end);

-		if start.is_some() && end.is_some() {
-			let filter = trace::Filter {
-				range: start.unwrap() as usize..end.unwrap() as usize,
-				from_address: From::from(filter.from_address),
-				to_address: From::from(filter.to_address),
-			};
+		match (start, end) {
+			(Some(s), Some(e)) => {
+				let filter = trace::Filter {
+					range: s as usize..e as usize,
+					from_address: From::from(filter.from_address),
+					to_address: From::from(filter.to_address),
+				};

-			let traces = self.tracedb.filter(&filter);
-			Some(traces)
-		} else {
-			None
+				let traces = self.tracedb.filter(&filter);
+				Some(traces)
+			},
+			_ => None,
 		}
 	}

@@ -1009,7 +1065,11 @@ impl BlockChainClient for Client {
 	}

 	fn pending_transactions(&self) -> Vec<SignedTransaction> {
-		self.miner.pending_transactions()
+		self.miner.pending_transactions(self.chain.best_block_number())
+	}
+
+	fn signing_network_id(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+		self.engine.signing_network_id(&self.latest_env_info())
 	}
 }

@@ -1023,7 +1083,7 @@ impl MiningBlockChainClient for Client {
 			&self.vm_factory,
 			self.trie_factory.clone(),
 			false,	// TODO: this will need to be parameterised once we want to do immediate mining insertion.
-			self.state_db.lock().boxed_clone(),
+			self.state_db.lock().boxed_clone_canon(&h),
 			&self.chain.block_header(&h).expect("h is best block hash: so its header must exist: qed"),
 			self.build_last_hashes(h.clone()),
 			author,
@@ -1034,11 +1094,15 @@ impl MiningBlockChainClient for Client {
 		// Add uncles
 		self.chain
 			.find_uncle_headers(&h, engine.maximum_uncle_age())
-			.unwrap()
+			.unwrap_or_else(Vec::new)
 			.into_iter()
 			.take(engine.maximum_uncle_count())
 			.foreach(|h| {
-				open_block.push_uncle(h).unwrap();
+				open_block.push_uncle(h).expect("pushing maximum_uncle_count;
+												open_block was just created;
+												push_uncle is not ok only if more than maximum_uncle_count is pushed;
+												so all push_uncle are Ok;
+												qed");
 			});

 		open_block
@@ -1057,8 +1121,10 @@ impl MiningBlockChainClient for Client {
 		let number = block.header().number();

 		let block_data = block.rlp_bytes();
+		// Clear canonical state cache
 		let route = self.commit_block(block, &h, &block_data);
 		trace!(target: "client", "Imported sealed block #{} ({})", number, h);
+		self.state_db.lock().sync_cache(&route.enacted, &route.retracted, false);

 		let (enacted, retracted) = self.calculate_enacted_retracted(&[route]);
 		self.miner.chain_new_blocks(self, &[h.clone()], &[], &enacted, &retracted);
--- a/ethcore/src/client/config.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/config.rs
@@ -107,6 +107,8 @@ pub struct ClientConfig {
 	pub mode: Mode,
 	/// Type of block verifier used by client.
 	pub verifier_type: VerifierType,
+	/// State pruning history size.
+	pub history: u64,
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
--- a/ethcore/src/client/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/mod.rs
@@ -30,13 +30,17 @@ pub use self::test_client::{TestBlockChainClient, EachBlockWith};
 pub use types::trace_filter::Filter as TraceFilter;
 pub use executive::{Executed, Executive, TransactOptions};
 pub use env_info::{LastHashes, EnvInfo};
-pub use self::chain_notify::{ChainNotify, ChainNotifyClient};
+pub use self::chain_notify::ChainNotify;
+#[cfg(feature="ipc")]
+pub use self::chain_notify::ChainNotifyClient;
+#[cfg(feature="ipc")]
+pub use self::traits::RemoteClient;

 pub use types::call_analytics::CallAnalytics;
 pub use block_import_error::BlockImportError;
 pub use transaction_import::TransactionImportResult;
 pub use transaction_import::TransactionImportError;
-pub use self::traits::{BlockChainClient, MiningBlockChainClient, RemoteClient};
+pub use self::traits::{BlockChainClient, MiningBlockChainClient};

 mod traits {
 	#![allow(dead_code, unused_assignments, unused_variables, missing_docs)] // codegen issues
--- a/ethcore/src/client/test_client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/test_client.rs
@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ use util::*;
 use devtools::*;
 use transaction::{Transaction, LocalizedTransaction, SignedTransaction, Action};
 use blockchain::TreeRoute;
-use client::{BlockChainClient, MiningBlockChainClient, BlockChainInfo, BlockStatus, BlockID,
-	TransactionID, UncleID, TraceId, TraceFilter, LastHashes, CallAnalytics,
-	BlockImportError};
+use client::{
+	BlockChainClient, MiningBlockChainClient, BlockChainInfo, BlockStatus, BlockID,
+	TransactionID, UncleID, TraceId, TraceFilter, LastHashes, CallAnalytics, BlockImportError,
+	DB_NO_OF_COLUMNS, DB_COL_STATE,
+};
 use header::{Header as BlockHeader, BlockNumber};
 use filter::Filter;
 use log_entry::LocalizedLogEntry;
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ use block::{OpenBlock, SealedBlock};
 use executive::Executed;
 use error::CallError;
 use trace::LocalizedTrace;
+use state_db::StateDB;

 /// Test client.
 pub struct TestBlockChainClient {
@@ -50,6 +53,8 @@ pub struct TestBlockChainClient {
 	pub genesis_hash: H256,
 	/// Last block hash.
 	pub last_hash: RwLock<H256>,
+	/// Extra data do set for each block
+	pub extra_data: Bytes,
 	/// Difficulty.
 	pub difficulty: RwLock<U256>,
 	/// Balances.
@@ -96,11 +101,17 @@ impl Default for TestBlockChainClient {
 impl TestBlockChainClient {
 	/// Creates new test client.
 	pub fn new() -> Self {
+		Self::new_with_extra_data(Bytes::new())
+	}
+
+	/// Creates new test client with specified extra data for each block
+	pub fn new_with_extra_data(extra_data: Bytes) -> Self {
 		let spec = Spec::new_test();
 		let mut client = TestBlockChainClient {
 			blocks: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
 			numbers: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
 			genesis_hash: H256::new(),
+			extra_data: extra_data,
 			last_hash: RwLock::new(H256::new()),
 			difficulty: RwLock::new(From::from(0)),
 			balances: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
@@ -118,7 +129,7 @@ impl TestBlockChainClient {
 		client.genesis_hash = client.last_hash.read().clone();
 		client
 	}
-
+	
 	/// Set the transaction receipt result
 	pub fn set_transaction_receipt(&self, id: TransactionID, receipt: LocalizedReceipt) {
 		self.receipts.write().insert(id, receipt);
@@ -163,6 +174,7 @@ impl TestBlockChainClient {
 			header.parent_hash = self.last_hash.read().clone();
 			header.number = n as BlockNumber;
 			header.gas_limit = U256::from(1_000_000);
+			header.extra_data = self.extra_data.clone();
 			let uncles = match with {
 				EachBlockWith::Uncle | EachBlockWith::UncleAndTransaction => {
 					let mut uncles = RlpStream::new_list(1);
@@ -190,7 +202,7 @@ impl TestBlockChainClient {
 						gas_price: U256::one(),
 						nonce: U256::zero()
 					};
-					let signed_tx = tx.sign(keypair.secret());
+					let signed_tx = tx.sign(keypair.secret(), None);
 					txs.append(&signed_tx);
 					txs.out()
 				},
@@ -246,27 +258,28 @@ impl TestBlockChainClient {
 	}
 }

-pub fn get_temp_journal_db() -> GuardedTempResult<Box<JournalDB>> {
+pub fn get_temp_state_db() -> GuardedTempResult<StateDB> {
 	let temp = RandomTempPath::new();
-	let db = Database::open_default(temp.as_str()).unwrap();
-	let journal_db = journaldb::new(Arc::new(db), journaldb::Algorithm::EarlyMerge, None);
+	let db = Database::open(&DatabaseConfig::with_columns(DB_NO_OF_COLUMNS), temp.as_str()).unwrap();
+	let journal_db = journaldb::new(Arc::new(db), journaldb::Algorithm::EarlyMerge, DB_COL_STATE);
+	let state_db = StateDB::new(journal_db);
 	GuardedTempResult {
 		_temp: temp,
-		result: Some(journal_db)
+		result: Some(state_db)
 	}
 }

 impl MiningBlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 	fn prepare_open_block(&self, author: Address, gas_range_target: (U256, U256), extra_data: Bytes) -> OpenBlock {
-		let engine = &self.spec.engine;
+		let engine = &*self.spec.engine;
 		let genesis_header = self.spec.genesis_header();
-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		self.spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
+		self.spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();

 		let last_hashes = vec![genesis_header.hash()];
 		let mut open_block = OpenBlock::new(
-			engine.deref(),
+			engine,
 			self.vm_factory(),
 			Default::default(),
 			false,
@@ -319,8 +332,11 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 		self.nonce(address, BlockID::Latest).unwrap()
 	}

-	fn code(&self, address: &Address) -> Option<Bytes> {
-		self.code.read().get(address).cloned()
+	fn code(&self, address: &Address, id: BlockID) -> Option<Option<Bytes>> {
+		match id {
+			BlockID::Latest => Some(self.code.read().get(address).cloned()),
+			_ => None,
+		}
 	}

 	fn balance(&self, address: &Address, id: BlockID) -> Option<U256> {
@@ -344,11 +360,11 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 	}

 	fn transaction(&self, _id: TransactionID) -> Option<LocalizedTransaction> {
-		unimplemented!();
+		None
 	}

 	fn uncle(&self, _id: UncleID) -> Option<Bytes> {
-		unimplemented!();
+		None
 	}

 	fn transaction_receipt(&self, id: TransactionID) -> Option<LocalizedReceipt> {
@@ -479,9 +495,9 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 		if number == len {
 			{
 				let mut difficulty = self.difficulty.write();
-				*difficulty.deref_mut() = *difficulty.deref() + header.difficulty;
+				*difficulty = *difficulty + header.difficulty;
 			}
-			mem::replace(self.last_hash.write().deref_mut(), h.clone());
+			mem::replace(&mut *self.last_hash.write(), h.clone());
 			self.blocks.write().insert(h.clone(), b);
 			self.numbers.write().insert(number, h.clone());
 			let mut parent_hash = header.parent_hash;
@@ -514,6 +530,10 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 	fn clear_queue(&self) {
 	}

+	fn additional_params(&self) -> BTreeMap<String, String> {
+		Default::default()
+	}
+
 	fn chain_info(&self) -> BlockChainInfo {
 		BlockChainInfo {
 			total_difficulty: *self.difficulty.read(),
@@ -547,6 +567,8 @@ impl BlockChainClient for TestBlockChainClient {
 	}

 	fn pending_transactions(&self) -> Vec<SignedTransaction> {
-		self.miner.pending_transactions()
+		self.miner.pending_transactions(self.chain_info().best_block_number)
 	}
+
+	fn signing_network_id(&self) -> Option<u8> { None }
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/client/traits.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/client/traits.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

+use std::collections::{BTreeMap};
 use util::bytes::Bytes;
 use util::hash::{Address, H256, H2048};
 use util::numbers::U256;
@@ -36,13 +37,10 @@ use executive::Executed;
 use env_info::LastHashes;
 use types::call_analytics::CallAnalytics;
 use block_import_error::BlockImportError;
-use std::mem;
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
-use ipc::{IpcConfig, BinaryConvertError};
+use ipc::{IpcConfig};
 use types::blockchain_info::BlockChainInfo;
 use types::block_status::BlockStatus;

-#[derive(Ipc)]
 #[ipc(client_ident="RemoteClient")]
 /// Blockchain database client. Owns and manages a blockchain and a block queue.
 pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
@@ -81,8 +79,14 @@ pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
 	/// Get block hash.
 	fn block_hash(&self, id: BlockID) -> Option<H256>;

-	/// Get address code.
-	fn code(&self, address: &Address) -> Option<Bytes>;
+	/// Get address code at given block's state.
+	fn code(&self, address: &Address, id: BlockID) -> Option<Option<Bytes>>;
+
+	/// Get address code at the latest block's state.
+	fn latest_code(&self, address: &Address) -> Option<Bytes> {
+		self.code(address, BlockID::Latest)
+			.expect("code will return Some if given BlockID::Latest; qed")
+	}

 	/// Get address balance at the given block's state.
 	///
@@ -144,6 +148,9 @@ pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
 	/// Get blockchain information.
 	fn chain_info(&self) -> BlockChainInfo;

+	/// Get the registrar address, if it exists.
+	fn additional_params(&self) -> BTreeMap<String, String>;
+
 	/// Get the best block header.
 	fn best_block_header(&self) -> Bytes;

@@ -205,6 +212,9 @@ pub trait BlockChainClient : Sync + Send {
 			Err(())
 		}
 	}
+
+	/// Get the preferred network ID to sign on
+	fn signing_network_id(&self) -> Option<u8> { None }
 }

 /// Extended client interface used for mining
--- a/ethcore/src/db.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/db.rs
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ pub trait Writable {
 	/// Writes the value into the database.
 	fn write<T, R>(&self, col: Option<u32>, key: &Key<T, Target = R>, value: &T) where T: Encodable, R: Deref<Target = [u8]>;

+	/// Deletes key from the databse.
+	fn delete<T, R>(&self, col: Option<u32>, key: &Key<T, Target = R>) where T: Encodable, R: Deref<Target = [u8]>;
+
 	/// Writes the value into the database and updates the cache.
 	fn write_with_cache<K, T, R>(&self, col: Option<u32>, cache: &mut Cache<K, T>, key: K, value: T, policy: CacheUpdatePolicy) where
 	K: Key<T, Target = R> + Hash + Eq,
@@ -100,6 +103,34 @@ pub trait Writable {
 			},
 		}
 	}
+
+	/// Writes and removes the values into the database and updates the cache.
+	fn extend_with_option_cache<K, T, R>(&self, col: Option<u32>, cache: &mut Cache<K, Option<T>>, values: HashMap<K, Option<T>>, policy: CacheUpdatePolicy) where
+	K: Key<T, Target = R> + Hash + Eq,
+	T: Encodable,
+	R: Deref<Target = [u8]> {
+		match policy {
+			CacheUpdatePolicy::Overwrite => {
+				for (key, value) in values.into_iter() {
+					match value {
+						Some(ref v) => self.write(col, &key, v),
+						None => self.delete(col, &key),
+					}
+					cache.insert(key, value);
+				}
+			},
+			CacheUpdatePolicy::Remove => {
+				for (key, value) in values.into_iter() {
+					match value {
+						Some(v) => self.write(col, &key, &v),
+						None => self.delete(col, &key),
+					}
+					cache.remove(&key);
+				}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
 }

 /// Should be used to read values from database.
@@ -154,6 +185,13 @@ impl Writable for DBTransaction {
 			panic!("db put failed, key: {:?}, err: {:?}", &key.key() as &[u8], err);
 		}
 	}
+
+	fn delete<T, R>(&self, col: Option<u32>, key: &Key<T, Target = R>) where T: Encodable, R: Deref<Target = [u8]> {
+		let result = DBTransaction::delete(self, col, &key.key());
+		if let Err(err) = result {
+			panic!("db delete failed, key: {:?}, err: {:?}", &key.key() as &[u8], err);
+		}
+	}
 }

 impl Readable for Database {
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/basic_authority.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/basic_authority.rs
@@ -246,16 +246,16 @@ mod tests {
 		tap.unlock_account_permanently(addr, "".into()).unwrap();

 		let spec = new_test_authority();
-		let engine = &spec.engine;
+		let engine = &*spec.engine;
 		let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
+		spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine, &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
 		let b = b.close_and_lock();
 		let seal = engine.generate_seal(b.block(), Some(&tap)).unwrap();
-		assert!(b.try_seal(engine.deref(), seal).is_ok());
+		assert!(b.try_seal(engine, seal).is_ok());
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/instant_seal.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/instant_seal.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl Engine for InstantSeal {
 	}

 	fn schedule(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule {
-		Schedule::new_homestead()
+		Schedule::new_post_eip150(usize::max_value(), false, false, false)
 	}

 	fn generate_seal(&self, _block: &ExecutedBlock, _accounts: Option<&AccountProvider>) -> Option<Vec<Bytes>> {
@@ -80,18 +80,18 @@ mod tests {
 		let addr = tap.insert_account("".sha3(), "").unwrap();

 		let spec = new_test_instant();
-		let engine = &spec.engine;
+		let engine = &*spec.engine;
 		let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
+		spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine, &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, addr, (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
 		let b = b.close_and_lock();
 		// Seal with empty AccountProvider.
 		let seal = engine.generate_seal(b.block(), Some(&tap)).unwrap();
-		assert!(b.try_seal(engine.deref(), seal).is_ok());
+		assert!(b.try_seal(engine, seal).is_ok());
 	}

 	#[test]
--- a/ethcore/src/engines/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/engines/mod.rs
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ pub trait Engine : Sync + Send {
 	/// Additional engine-specific information for the user/developer concerning `header`.
 	fn extra_info(&self, _header: &Header) -> HashMap<String, String> { HashMap::new() }

+	/// Additional information.
+	fn additional_params(&self) -> HashMap<String, String> { HashMap::new() } 
+
 	/// Get the general parameters of the chain.
 	fn params(&self) -> &CommonParams;

@@ -95,6 +98,9 @@ pub trait Engine : Sync + Send {
 	/// Verify a particular transaction is valid.
 	fn verify_transaction(&self, _t: &SignedTransaction, _header: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> { Ok(()) }

+	/// The network ID that transactions should be signed with.
+	fn signing_network_id(&self, _env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Option<u8> { None }
+
 	/// Verify the seal of a block. This is an auxilliary method that actually just calls other `verify_` methods
 	/// to get the job done. By default it must pass `verify_basic` and `verify_block_unordered`. If more or fewer
 	/// methods are needed for an Engine, this may be overridden.
--- a/ethcore/src/error.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/error.rs
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ pub enum TransactionError {
 	},
 	/// Transaction's gas limit (aka gas) is invalid.
 	InvalidGasLimit(OutOfBounds<U256>),
+	/// Invalid network ID given.
+	InvalidNetworkId,
 }

 impl fmt::Display for TransactionError {
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for TransactionError {
 			GasLimitExceeded { limit, got } =>
 				format!("Gas limit exceeded. Limit={}, Given={}", limit, got),
 			InvalidGasLimit(ref err) => format!("Invalid gas limit. {}", err),
+			InvalidNetworkId => "Transaction of this network ID is not allowed on this chain.".into(),
 		};

 		f.write_fmt(format_args!("Transaction error ({})", msg))
--- a/ethcore/src/ethereum/ethash.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/ethereum/ethash.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 use ethash::{quick_get_difficulty, EthashManager, H256 as EH256};
 use common::*;
 use block::*;
+use state::CleanupMode;
 use spec::CommonParams;
 use engines::Engine;
 use evm::Schedule;
@@ -38,13 +39,31 @@ pub struct EthashParams {
 	/// Namereg contract address.
 	pub registrar: Address,
 	/// Homestead transition block number.
-	pub frontier_compatibility_mode_limit: u64,
+	pub homestead_transition: u64,
 	/// DAO hard-fork transition block (X).
 	pub dao_hardfork_transition: u64,
 	/// DAO hard-fork refund contract address (C).
 	pub dao_hardfork_beneficiary: Address,
 	/// DAO hard-fork DAO accounts list (L)
 	pub dao_hardfork_accounts: Vec<Address>,
+	/// Transition block for a change of difficulty params (currently just bound_divisor).
+	pub difficulty_hardfork_transition: u64,
+	/// Difficulty param after the difficulty transition.
+	pub difficulty_hardfork_bound_divisor: U256,
+	/// Block on which there is no additional difficulty from the exponential bomb.
+	pub bomb_defuse_transition: u64,
+	/// Number of first block where EIP-150 rules begin.
+	pub eip150_transition: u64,
+	/// Number of first block where EIP-155 rules begin.
+	pub eip155_transition: u64,
+	/// Number of first block where EIP-160 rules begin.
+	pub eip160_transition: u64,
+	/// Number of first block where EIP-161.abc begin.
+	pub eip161abc_transition: u64,
+	/// Number of first block where EIP-161.d begins.
+	pub eip161d_transition: u64,
+	/// Maximum amount of code that can be deploying into a contract.
+	pub max_code_size: u64,
 }

 impl From<ethjson::spec::EthashParams> for EthashParams {
@@ -56,10 +75,19 @@ impl From<ethjson::spec::EthashParams> for EthashParams {
 			duration_limit: p.duration_limit.into(),
 			block_reward: p.block_reward.into(),
 			registrar: p.registrar.map_or_else(Address::new, Into::into),
-			frontier_compatibility_mode_limit: p.frontier_compatibility_mode_limit.map_or(0, Into::into),
-			dao_hardfork_transition: p.dao_hardfork_transition.map_or(0x7fffffffffffffff, Into::into),
+			homestead_transition: p.homestead_transition.map_or(0, Into::into),
+			dao_hardfork_transition: p.dao_hardfork_transition.map_or(u64::max_value(), Into::into),
 			dao_hardfork_beneficiary: p.dao_hardfork_beneficiary.map_or_else(Address::new, Into::into),
 			dao_hardfork_accounts: p.dao_hardfork_accounts.unwrap_or_else(Vec::new).into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
+			difficulty_hardfork_transition: p.difficulty_hardfork_transition.map_or(u64::max_value(), Into::into),
+			difficulty_hardfork_bound_divisor: p.difficulty_hardfork_bound_divisor.map_or(p.difficulty_bound_divisor.into(), Into::into),
+			bomb_defuse_transition: p.bomb_defuse_transition.map_or(u64::max_value(), Into::into),
+			eip150_transition: p.eip150_transition.map_or(0, Into::into),
+			eip155_transition: p.eip155_transition.map_or(0, Into::into),
+			eip160_transition: p.eip160_transition.map_or(0, Into::into),
+			eip161abc_transition: p.eip161abc_transition.map_or(0, Into::into),
+			eip161d_transition: p.eip161d_transition.map_or(u64::max_value(), Into::into),
+			max_code_size: p.max_code_size.map_or(u64::max_value(), Into::into),
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -92,6 +120,7 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 	fn seal_fields(&self) -> usize { 2 }

 	fn params(&self) -> &CommonParams { &self.params }
+	fn additional_params(&self) -> HashMap<String, String> { hash_map!["registrar".to_owned() => self.ethash_params.registrar.hex()] }

 	fn builtins(&self) -> &BTreeMap<Address, Builtin> {
 		&self.builtins
@@ -103,12 +132,27 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 	}

 	fn schedule(&self, env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Schedule {
-		trace!(target: "client", "Creating schedule. fCML={}", self.ethash_params.frontier_compatibility_mode_limit);
+		trace!(target: "client", "Creating schedule. fCML={}, bGCML={}", self.ethash_params.homestead_transition, self.ethash_params.eip150_transition);

-		if env_info.number < self.ethash_params.frontier_compatibility_mode_limit {
+		if env_info.number < self.ethash_params.homestead_transition {
 			Schedule::new_frontier()
-		} else {
+		} else if env_info.number < self.ethash_params.eip150_transition {
 			Schedule::new_homestead()
+		} else {
+			Schedule::new_post_eip150(
+				self.ethash_params.max_code_size as usize,
+				env_info.number >= self.ethash_params.eip160_transition,
+				env_info.number >= self.ethash_params.eip161abc_transition,
+				env_info.number >= self.ethash_params.eip161d_transition
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn signing_network_id(&self, env_info: &EnvInfo) -> Option<u8> {
+		if env_info.number >= self.ethash_params.eip155_transition && self.params().network_id < 127 {
+			Some(self.params().network_id as u8)
+		} else {
+			None
 		}
 	}

@@ -143,7 +187,7 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 				let mut state = block.fields_mut().state;
 				for child in &self.ethash_params.dao_hardfork_accounts {
 					let b = state.balance(child);
-					state.transfer_balance(child, &self.ethash_params.dao_hardfork_beneficiary, &b);
+					state.transfer_balance(child, &self.ethash_params.dao_hardfork_beneficiary, &b, CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 				}
 //			}
 		}
@@ -156,12 +200,12 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 		let fields = block.fields_mut();

 		// Bestow block reward
-		fields.state.add_balance(&fields.header.author, &(reward + reward / U256::from(32) * U256::from(fields.uncles.len())));
+		fields.state.add_balance(&fields.header.author, &(reward + reward / U256::from(32) * U256::from(fields.uncles.len())), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);

 		// Bestow uncle rewards
 		let current_number = fields.header.number();
 		for u in fields.uncles.iter() {
-			fields.state.add_balance(u.author(), &(reward * U256::from(8 + u.number() - current_number) / U256::from(8)));
+			fields.state.add_balance(u.author(), &(reward * U256::from(8 + u.number() - current_number) / U256::from(8)), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		}
 		if let Err(e) = fields.state.commit() {
 			warn!("Encountered error on state commit: {}", e);
@@ -245,9 +289,16 @@ impl Engine for Ethash {
 	}

 	fn verify_transaction_basic(&self, t: &SignedTransaction, header: &Header) -> result::Result<(), Error> {
-		if header.number() >= self.ethash_params.frontier_compatibility_mode_limit {
+		if header.number() >= self.ethash_params.homestead_transition {
 			try!(t.check_low_s());
 		}
+
+		if let Some(n) = t.network_id() {
+			if header.number() < self.ethash_params.eip155_transition || n as usize != self.params().network_id {
+				return Err(TransactionError::InvalidNetworkId.into())
+			}
+		}
+
 		Ok(())
 	}

@@ -267,7 +318,7 @@ impl Ethash {
 		let min_difficulty = self.ethash_params.minimum_difficulty;
 		let difficulty_bound_divisor = self.ethash_params.difficulty_bound_divisor;
 		let duration_limit = self.ethash_params.duration_limit;
-		let frontier_limit = self.ethash_params.frontier_compatibility_mode_limit;
+		let frontier_limit = self.ethash_params.homestead_transition;

 		let mut target = if header.number < frontier_limit {
 			if header.timestamp >= parent.timestamp + duration_limit {
@@ -350,14 +401,14 @@ mod tests {
 	#[test]
 	fn on_close_block() {
 		let spec = new_morden();
-		let engine = &spec.engine;
+		let engine = &*spec.engine;
 		let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
+		spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
+		let b = OpenBlock::new(engine, &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
 		let b = b.close();
 		assert_eq!(b.state().balance(&Address::zero()), U256::from_str("4563918244f40000").unwrap());
 	}
@@ -365,14 +416,14 @@ mod tests {
 	#[test]
 	fn on_close_block_with_uncle() {
 		let spec = new_morden();
-		let engine = &spec.engine;
+		let engine = &*spec.engine;
 		let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
+		spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
 		let last_hashes = Arc::new(vec![genesis_header.hash()]);
 		let vm_factory = Default::default();
-		let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine.deref(), &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
+		let mut b = OpenBlock::new(engine, &vm_factory, Default::default(), false, db, &genesis_header, last_hashes, Address::zero(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]).unwrap();
 		let mut uncle = Header::new();
 		let uncle_author = address_from_hex("ef2d6d194084c2de36e0dabfce45d046b37d1106");
 		uncle.author = uncle_author.clone();
--- a/ethcore/src/ethereum/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/ethereum/mod.rs
@@ -44,8 +44,14 @@ pub fn new_frontier_test() -> Spec { Spec::load(include_bytes!("../../res/ethere
 /// Create a new Homestead chain spec as though it never changed from Frontier.
 pub fn new_homestead_test() -> Spec { Spec::load(include_bytes!("../../res/ethereum/homestead_test.json")) }

+/// Create a new Homestead-EIP150 chain spec as though it never changed from Homestead/Frontier.
+pub fn new_eip150_test() -> Spec { Spec::load(include_bytes!("../../res/ethereum/eip150_test.json")) }
+
+/// Create a new Homestead-EIP150 chain spec as though it never changed from Homestead/Frontier.
+pub fn new_eip161_test() -> Spec { Spec::load(include_bytes!("../../res/ethereum/eip161_test.json")) }
+
 /// Create a new Frontier/Homestead/DAO chain spec with transition points at #5 and #8.
-pub fn new_daohardfork_test() -> Spec { Spec::load(include_bytes!("../../res/ethereum/daohardfork_test.json")) }
+pub fn new_transition_test() -> Spec { Spec::load(include_bytes!("../../res/ethereum/transition_test.json")) }

 /// Create a new Frontier main net chain spec without genesis accounts.
 pub fn new_mainnet_like() -> Spec { Spec::load(include_bytes!("../../res/ethereum/frontier_like_test.json")) }
@@ -65,9 +71,9 @@ mod tests {
 		let spec = new_morden();
 		let engine = &spec.engine;
 		let genesis_header = spec.genesis_header();
-		let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+		let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 		let mut db = db_result.take();
-		spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
+		spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
 		let s = State::from_existing(db, genesis_header.state_root.clone(), engine.account_start_nonce(), Default::default()).unwrap();
 		assert_eq!(s.balance(&address_from_hex("0000000000000000000000000000000000000001")), U256::from(1u64));
 		assert_eq!(s.balance(&address_from_hex("0000000000000000000000000000000000000002")), U256::from(1u64));
--- a/ethcore/src/evm/evm.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/evm/evm.rs
@@ -151,10 +151,14 @@ impl CostType for usize {
 	}

 	fn from_u256(val: U256) -> Result<Self> {
-		if U256::from(val.low_u64()) != val {
+		let res = val.low_u64() as usize;
+
+		// validate if value fits into usize
+		if U256::from(res) != val {
 			return Err(Error::OutOfGas);
 		}
-		Ok(val.low_u64() as usize)
+
+		Ok(res)
 	}

 	fn as_usize(&self) -> usize {
@@ -191,6 +195,7 @@ pub trait Evm {


 #[test]
+#[cfg(test)]
 fn should_calculate_overflow_mul_shr_without_overflow() {
 	// given
 	let num = 1048576;
@@ -207,6 +212,7 @@ fn should_calculate_overflow_mul_shr_without_overflow() {
 }

 #[test]
+#[cfg(test)]
 fn should_calculate_overflow_mul_shr_with_overflow() {
 	// given
 	let max = ::std::u64::MAX;
@@ -225,3 +231,15 @@ fn should_calculate_overflow_mul_shr_with_overflow() {
 	assert!(o1);
 }

+#[test]
+#[cfg(test)]
+fn should_validate_u256_to_usize_conversion() {
+	// given
+	let v = U256::from(::std::usize::MAX) + U256::from(1);
+
+	// when
+	let res = usize::from_u256(v);
+
+	// then
+	assert!(res.is_err());
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/evm/ext.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/evm/ext.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@ pub trait Ext {
 	/// Determine whether an account exists.
 	fn exists(&self, address: &Address) -> bool;

+	/// Determine whether an account exists and is not null (zero balance/nonce, no code).
+	fn exists_and_not_null(&self, address: &Address) -> bool;
+
+	/// Balance of the origin account.
+	fn origin_balance(&self) -> U256;
+
 	/// Returns address balance.
 	fn balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U256;

@@ -81,7 +87,10 @@ pub trait Ext {
 	) -> MessageCallResult;

 	/// Returns code at given address
-	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Bytes;
+	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Arc<Bytes>;
+
+	/// Returns code length in bytes at given address
+	fn extcode_len(&self, address: &Address) -> u64;

 	/// Creates log entry with given topics and data
 	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: &[u8]);
--- a/ethcore/src/evm/factory.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/evm/factory.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@
 //!
 //! TODO: consider spliting it into two separate files.
 use std::fmt;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use evm::Evm;
 use util::{U256, Uint};
+use super::interpreter::SharedCache;

 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
 /// Type of EVM to use.
@@ -81,7 +83,8 @@ impl VMType {

 /// Evm factory. Creates appropriate Evm.
 pub struct Factory {
-	evm: VMType
+	evm: VMType,
+	evm_cache: Arc<SharedCache>,
 }

 impl Factory {
@@ -94,9 +97,9 @@ impl Factory {
 				Box::new(super::jit::JitEvm::default())
 			},
 			VMType::Interpreter => if Self::can_fit_in_usize(gas) {
-				Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter::<usize>::default())
+				Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter::<usize>::new(self.evm_cache.clone()))
 			} else {
-				Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter::<U256>::default())
+				Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter::<U256>::new(self.evm_cache.clone()))
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -107,9 +110,9 @@ impl Factory {
 	pub fn create(&self, gas: U256) -> Box<Evm> {
 		match self.evm {
 			VMType::Interpreter => if Self::can_fit_in_usize(gas) {
-				Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter::<usize>::default())
+				Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter::<usize>::new(self.evm_cache.clone()))
 			} else {
-				Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter::<U256>::default())
+				Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter::<U256>::new(self.evm_cache.clone()))
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -117,7 +120,8 @@ impl Factory {
 	/// Create new instance of specific `VMType` factory
 	pub fn new(evm: VMType) -> Self {
 		Factory {
-			evm: evm
+			evm: evm,
+			evm_cache: Arc::new(SharedCache::default()),
 		}
 	}

@@ -131,7 +135,8 @@ impl Default for Factory {
 	#[cfg(feature = "jit")]
 	fn default() -> Factory {
 		Factory {
-			evm: VMType::Jit
+			evm: VMType::Jit,
+			evm_cache: Arc::new(SharedCache::default()),
 		}
 	}

@@ -139,7 +144,8 @@ impl Default for Factory {
 	#[cfg(not(feature = "jit"))]
 	fn default() -> Factory {
 		Factory {
-			evm: VMType::Interpreter
+			evm: VMType::Interpreter,
+			evm_cache: Arc::new(SharedCache::default()),
 		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/evm/interpreter/gasometer.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/evm/interpreter/gasometer.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use super::u256_to_address;
 use evm::{self, CostType};
 use evm::instructions::{self, Instruction, InstructionInfo};
 use evm::interpreter::stack::Stack;
+use evm::schedule::Schedule;

 macro_rules! overflowing {
 	($x: expr) => {{
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ macro_rules! overflowing {
 #[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(enum_variant_names))]
 enum InstructionCost<Cost: CostType> {
 	Gas(Cost),
-	GasMem(Cost, Cost),
+	GasMem(Cost, Cost, Option<Cost>),
 	GasMemCopy(Cost, Cost, Cost)
 }

@@ -56,7 +57,37 @@ impl<Gas: CostType> Gasometer<Gas> {
 		}
 	}

+	/// How much gas is provided to a CALL/CREATE, given that we need to deduct `needed` for this operation
+	/// and that we `requested` some.
+	pub fn gas_provided(&self, schedule: &Schedule, needed: Gas, requested: Option<evm::Result<Gas>>) -> evm::Result<Gas> {
+		match schedule.sub_gas_cap_divisor {
+			Some(cap_divisor) if self.current_gas >= needed => {
+				let gas_remaining = self.current_gas - needed;
+				let max_gas_provided = gas_remaining - gas_remaining / Gas::from(cap_divisor);
+				if let Some(Ok(r)) = requested { 
+					Ok(min(r, max_gas_provided))
+				} else {
+					Ok(max_gas_provided)
+				}
+			},
+			_ => {
+				if let Some(r) = requested { 
+					r
+				} else if self.current_gas >= needed {
+					Ok(self.current_gas - needed)
+				} else {
+					Ok(0.into())
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	#[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(cyclomatic_complexity))]
+	/// Determine how much gas is used by the given instruction, given the machine's state.
+	/// 
+	/// We guarantee that the final element of the returned tuple (`provided`) will be `Some`
+	/// iff the `instruction` is one of `CREATE`, or any of the `CALL` variants. In this case,
+	/// it will be the amount of gas that the current context provides to the child context. 
 	pub fn get_gas_cost_mem(
 		&mut self,
 		ext: &evm::Ext,
@@ -64,7 +95,7 @@ impl<Gas: CostType> Gasometer<Gas> {
 		info: &InstructionInfo,
 		stack: &Stack<U256>,
 		current_mem_size: usize,
-	) -> evm::Result<(Gas, Gas, usize)> {
+	) -> evm::Result<(Gas, Gas, usize, Option<Gas>)> {
 		let schedule = ext.schedule();
 		let tier = instructions::get_tier_idx(info.tier);
 		let default_gas = Gas::from(schedule.tier_step_gas[tier]);
@@ -90,26 +121,47 @@ impl<Gas: CostType> Gasometer<Gas> {
 			instructions::SLOAD => {
 				InstructionCost::Gas(Gas::from(schedule.sload_gas))
 			},
+			instructions::BALANCE => {
+				InstructionCost::Gas(Gas::from(schedule.balance_gas))
+			},
+			instructions::EXTCODESIZE => {
+				InstructionCost::Gas(Gas::from(schedule.extcodesize_gas))
+			},
+			instructions::SUICIDE => {
+				let mut gas = Gas::from(schedule.suicide_gas);
+
+				let is_value_transfer = !ext.origin_balance().is_zero();
+				let address = u256_to_address(stack.peek(0));
+				if (
+					!schedule.no_empty && !ext.exists(&address)
+				) || (
+					schedule.no_empty && is_value_transfer && !ext.exists_and_not_null(&address)
+				) {
+					gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(schedule.suicide_to_new_account_cost.into()));
+				}
+
+				InstructionCost::Gas(gas)
+			},
 			instructions::MSTORE | instructions::MLOAD => {
-				InstructionCost::GasMem(default_gas, try!(mem_needed_const(stack.peek(0), 32)))
+				InstructionCost::GasMem(default_gas, try!(mem_needed_const(stack.peek(0), 32)), None)
 			},
 			instructions::MSTORE8 => {
-				InstructionCost::GasMem(default_gas, try!(mem_needed_const(stack.peek(0), 1)))
+				InstructionCost::GasMem(default_gas, try!(mem_needed_const(stack.peek(0), 1)), None)
 			},
 			instructions::RETURN => {
-				InstructionCost::GasMem(default_gas, try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(0), stack.peek(1))))
+				InstructionCost::GasMem(default_gas, try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(0), stack.peek(1))), None)
 			},
 			instructions::SHA3 => {
 				let w = overflowing!(add_gas_usize(try!(Gas::from_u256(*stack.peek(1))), 31));
 				let words = w >> 5;
 				let gas = Gas::from(schedule.sha3_gas) + (Gas::from(schedule.sha3_word_gas) * words);
-				InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(0), stack.peek(1))))
+				InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(0), stack.peek(1))), None)
 			},
 			instructions::CALLDATACOPY | instructions::CODECOPY => {
 				InstructionCost::GasMemCopy(default_gas, try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(0), stack.peek(2))), try!(Gas::from_u256(*stack.peek(2))))
 			},
 			instructions::EXTCODECOPY => {
-				InstructionCost::GasMemCopy(default_gas, try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(1), stack.peek(3))), try!(Gas::from_u256(*stack.peek(3))))
+				InstructionCost::GasMemCopy(schedule.extcodecopy_base_gas.into(), try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(1), stack.peek(3))), try!(Gas::from_u256(*stack.peek(3))))
 			},
 			instructions::LOG0...instructions::LOG4 => {
 				let no_of_topics = instructions::get_log_topics(instruction);
@@ -117,39 +169,68 @@ impl<Gas: CostType> Gasometer<Gas> {

 				let data_gas = overflowing!(try!(Gas::from_u256(*stack.peek(1))).overflow_mul(Gas::from(schedule.log_data_gas)));
 				let gas = overflowing!(data_gas.overflow_add(Gas::from(log_gas)));
-				InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(0), stack.peek(1))))
+				InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(0), stack.peek(1))), None)
 			},
 			instructions::CALL | instructions::CALLCODE => {
-				let mut gas  = overflowing!(add_gas_usize(try!(Gas::from_u256(*stack.peek(0))), schedule.call_gas));
+				let mut gas = Gas::from(schedule.call_gas);
 				let mem = cmp::max(
 					try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(5), stack.peek(6))),
 					try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(3), stack.peek(4)))
 				);

 				let address = u256_to_address(stack.peek(1));
+				let is_value_transfer = !stack.peek(2).is_zero();

-				if instruction == instructions::CALL && !ext.exists(&address) {
-					gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(Gas::from(schedule.call_new_account_gas)));
+				if instruction == instructions::CALL {
+					if (
+						!schedule.no_empty && !ext.exists(&address)
+					) || (
+						schedule.no_empty && is_value_transfer && !ext.exists_and_not_null(&address)
+					) {
+						gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(schedule.call_new_account_gas.into()));
+					}
 				};

-				if !stack.peek(2).is_zero() {
-					gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(Gas::from(schedule.call_value_transfer_gas)));
+				if is_value_transfer {
+					gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(schedule.call_value_transfer_gas.into()));
 				};

-				InstructionCost::GasMem(gas,mem)
+				// TODO: refactor to avoid duplicate calculation here and later on. 
+				let (mem_gas_cost, _, _) = try!(self.mem_gas_cost(schedule, current_mem_size, &mem));
+				let cost_so_far = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(mem_gas_cost.into()));
+				let requested = Gas::from_u256(*stack.peek(0));
+				let provided = try!(self.gas_provided(schedule, cost_so_far, Some(requested)));
+				gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(provided));
+
+				InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, mem, Some(provided))
 			},
 			instructions::DELEGATECALL => {
-				let gas = overflowing!(add_gas_usize(try!(Gas::from_u256(*stack.peek(0))), schedule.call_gas));
+				let mut gas = Gas::from(schedule.call_gas);
 				let mem = cmp::max(
 					try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(4), stack.peek(5))),
 					try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(2), stack.peek(3)))
 				);
-				InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, mem)
+
+				// TODO: refactor to avoid duplicate calculation here and later on. 
+				let (mem_gas_cost, _, _) = try!(self.mem_gas_cost(schedule, current_mem_size, &mem));
+				let cost_so_far = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(mem_gas_cost.into()));
+				let requested = Gas::from_u256(*stack.peek(0));
+				let provided = try!(self.gas_provided(schedule, cost_so_far, Some(requested)));
+				gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(provided));
+
+				InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, mem, Some(provided))
 			},
 			instructions::CREATE => {
-				let gas = Gas::from(schedule.create_gas);
+				let mut gas = Gas::from(schedule.create_gas);
 				let mem = try!(mem_needed(stack.peek(1), stack.peek(2)));
-				InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, mem)
+
+				// TODO: refactor to avoid duplicate calculation here and later on. 
+				let (mem_gas_cost, _, _) = try!(self.mem_gas_cost(schedule, current_mem_size, &mem));
+				let cost_so_far = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(mem_gas_cost.into())); 
+				let provided = try!(self.gas_provided(schedule, cost_so_far, None));
+				gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(provided));
+
+				InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, mem, Some(provided))
 			},
 			instructions::EXP => {
 				let expon = stack.peek(1);
@@ -157,17 +238,17 @@ impl<Gas: CostType> Gasometer<Gas> {
 				let gas = Gas::from(schedule.exp_gas + schedule.exp_byte_gas * bytes);
 				InstructionCost::Gas(gas)
 			},
-			_ => InstructionCost::Gas(default_gas)
+			_ => InstructionCost::Gas(default_gas),
 		};

 		match cost {
 			InstructionCost::Gas(gas) => {
-				Ok((gas, self.current_mem_gas, 0))
+				Ok((gas, self.current_mem_gas, 0, None))
 			},
-			InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, mem_size) => {
+			InstructionCost::GasMem(gas, mem_size, provided) => {
 				let (mem_gas_cost, new_mem_gas, new_mem_size) = try!(self.mem_gas_cost(schedule, current_mem_size, &mem_size));
 				let gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(mem_gas_cost));
-				Ok((gas, new_mem_gas, new_mem_size))
+				Ok((gas, new_mem_gas, new_mem_size, provided))
 			},
 			InstructionCost::GasMemCopy(gas, mem_size, copy) => {
 				let (mem_gas_cost, new_mem_gas, new_mem_size) = try!(self.mem_gas_cost(schedule, current_mem_size, &mem_size));
@@ -175,7 +256,7 @@ impl<Gas: CostType> Gasometer<Gas> {
 				let copy_gas = Gas::from(schedule.copy_gas) * copy;
 				let gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(copy_gas));
 				let gas = overflowing!(gas.overflow_add(mem_gas_cost));
-				Ok((gas, new_mem_gas, new_mem_size))
+				Ok((gas, new_mem_gas, new_mem_size, None))
 			}
 		}
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/evm/interpreter/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/evm/interpreter/mod.rs
@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@ macro_rules! evm_debug {
 mod gasometer;
 mod stack;
 mod memory;
+mod shared_cache;

 use self::gasometer::Gasometer;
 use self::stack::{Stack, VecStack};
 use self::memory::Memory;
+pub use self::shared_cache::SharedCache;

 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use common::*;
@@ -53,6 +55,17 @@ fn color(instruction: Instruction, name: &'static str) -> String {
 type CodePosition = usize;
 type ProgramCounter = usize;

+const ONE: U256 = U256([1, 0, 0, 0]);
+const TWO: U256 = U256([2, 0, 0, 0]);
+const TWO_POW_5: U256 = U256([0x20, 0, 0, 0]);
+const TWO_POW_8: U256 = U256([0x100, 0, 0, 0]);
+const TWO_POW_16: U256 = U256([0x10000, 0, 0, 0]);
+const TWO_POW_24: U256 = U256([0x1000000, 0, 0, 0]);
+const TWO_POW_64: U256 = U256([0, 0x1, 0, 0]); // 0x1 00000000 00000000
+const TWO_POW_96: U256 = U256([0, 0x100000000, 0, 0]); //0x1 00000000 00000000 00000000
+const TWO_POW_224: U256 = U256([0, 0, 0, 0x100000000]); //0x1 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
+const TWO_POW_248: U256 = U256([0, 0, 0, 0x100000000000000]); //0x1 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 000000
+
 /// Abstraction over raw vector of Bytes. Easier state management of PC.
 struct CodeReader<'a> {
 	position: ProgramCounter,
@@ -76,8 +89,6 @@ impl<'a> CodeReader<'a> {

 enum InstructionResult<Gas> {
 	Ok,
-	UseAllGas,
-	GasLeft(Gas),
 	UnusedGas(Gas),
 	JumpToPosition(U256),
 	// gas left, init_orf, init_size
@@ -87,9 +98,9 @@ enum InstructionResult<Gas> {


 /// Intepreter EVM implementation
-#[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Interpreter<Cost: CostType> {
 	mem: Vec<u8>,
+	cache: Arc<SharedCache>,
 	_type: PhantomData<Cost>,
 }

@@ -98,7 +109,7 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> evm::Evm for Interpreter<Cost> {
 		self.mem.clear();

 		let code = &params.code.as_ref().unwrap();
-		let valid_jump_destinations = self.find_jump_destinations(code);
+		let valid_jump_destinations = self.cache.jump_destinations(&params.code_hash, code);

 		let mut gasometer = Gasometer::<Cost>::new(try!(Cost::from_u256(params.gas)));
 		let mut stack = VecStack::with_capacity(ext.schedule().stack_limit, U256::zero());
@@ -116,7 +127,7 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> evm::Evm for Interpreter<Cost> {
 			try!(self.verify_instruction(ext, instruction, &info, &stack));

 			// Calculate gas cost
-			let (gas_cost, mem_gas, mem_size) = try!(gasometer.get_gas_cost_mem(ext, instruction, &info, &stack, self.mem.size()));
+			let (gas_cost, mem_gas, mem_size, provided) = try!(gasometer.get_gas_cost_mem(ext, instruction, &info, &stack, self.mem.size()));
 			// TODO: make compile-time removable if too much of a performance hit.
 			let trace_executed = ext.trace_prepare_execute(reader.position - 1, instruction, &gas_cost.as_u256());

@@ -142,25 +153,19 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> evm::Evm for Interpreter<Cost> {

 			// Execute instruction
 			let result = try!(self.exec_instruction(
-				gasometer.current_gas, &params, ext, instruction, &mut reader, &mut stack
+				gasometer.current_gas, &params, ext, instruction, &mut reader, &mut stack, provided
 			));

+			if let InstructionResult::UnusedGas(ref gas) = result {
+				gasometer.current_gas = gasometer.current_gas + *gas;
+			}
+
 			if trace_executed {
 				ext.trace_executed(gasometer.current_gas.as_u256(), stack.peek_top(info.ret), mem_written.map(|(o, s)| (o, &(self.mem[o..(o + s)]))), store_written);
 			}

 			// Advance
 			match result {
-				InstructionResult::Ok => {},
-				InstructionResult::UnusedGas(gas) => {
-					gasometer.current_gas = gasometer.current_gas + gas;
-				},
-				InstructionResult::UseAllGas => {
-					gasometer.current_gas = Cost::from(0);
-				},
-				InstructionResult::GasLeft(gas_left) => {
-					gasometer.current_gas = gas_left;
-				},
 				InstructionResult::JumpToPosition(position) => {
 					let pos = try!(self.verify_jump(position, &valid_jump_destinations));
 					reader.position = pos;
@@ -169,6 +174,7 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> evm::Evm for Interpreter<Cost> {
 					return Ok(GasLeft::NeedsReturn(gas.as_u256(), self.mem.read_slice(off, size)));
 				},
 				InstructionResult::StopExecution => break,
+				_ => {},
 			}
 		}

@@ -177,6 +183,14 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> evm::Evm for Interpreter<Cost> {
 }

 impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
+	/// Create a new `Interpreter` instance with shared cache.
+	pub fn new(cache: Arc<SharedCache>) -> Interpreter<Cost> {
+		Interpreter {
+			mem: Vec::new(),
+			cache: cache,
+			_type: PhantomData::default(),
+		}
+	}

 	fn verify_instruction(&self, ext: &evm::Ext, instruction: Instruction, info: &InstructionInfo, stack: &Stack<U256>) -> evm::Result<()> {
 		let schedule = ext.schedule();
@@ -243,7 +257,8 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 		ext: &mut evm::Ext,
 		instruction: Instruction,
 		code: &mut CodeReader,
-		stack: &mut Stack<U256>
+		stack: &mut Stack<U256>,
+		provided: Option<Cost>
 	) -> evm::Result<InstructionResult<Cost>> {
 		match instruction {
 			instructions::JUMP => {
@@ -268,31 +283,32 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 				let endowment = stack.pop_back();
 				let init_off = stack.pop_back();
 				let init_size = stack.pop_back();
+				let create_gas = provided.expect("`provided` comes through Self::exec from `Gasometer::get_gas_cost_mem`; `gas_gas_mem_cost` guarantees `Some` when instruction is `CALL`/`CALLCODE`/`DELEGATECALL`/`CREATE`; this is `CREATE`; qed");

 				let contract_code = self.mem.read_slice(init_off, init_size);
 				let can_create = ext.balance(&params.address) >= endowment && ext.depth() < ext.schedule().max_depth;

 				if !can_create {
 					stack.push(U256::zero());
-					return Ok(InstructionResult::Ok);
+					return Ok(InstructionResult::UnusedGas(create_gas));
 				}

-				let create_result = ext.create(&gas.as_u256(), &endowment, contract_code);
+				let create_result = ext.create(&create_gas.as_u256(), &endowment, contract_code);
 				return match create_result {
 					ContractCreateResult::Created(address, gas_left) => {
 						stack.push(address_to_u256(address));
-						Ok(InstructionResult::GasLeft(Cost::from_u256(gas_left).expect("Gas left cannot be greater.")))
+						Ok(InstructionResult::UnusedGas(Cost::from_u256(gas_left).expect("Gas left cannot be greater.")))
 					},
 					ContractCreateResult::Failed => {
 						stack.push(U256::zero());
-						// TODO [todr] Should we just StopExecution here?
-						Ok(InstructionResult::UseAllGas)
+						Ok(InstructionResult::Ok)
 					}
 				};
 			},
 			instructions::CALL | instructions::CALLCODE | instructions::DELEGATECALL => {
 				assert!(ext.schedule().call_value_transfer_gas > ext.schedule().call_stipend, "overflow possible");
-				let call_gas = Cost::from_u256(stack.pop_back()).expect("Gas is already validated.");
+				stack.pop_back();
+				let call_gas = provided.expect("`provided` comes through Self::exec from `Gasometer::get_gas_cost_mem`; `gas_gas_mem_cost` guarantees `Some` when instruction is `CALL`/`CALLCODE`/`DELEGATECALL`/`CREATE`; this is one of `CALL`/`CALLCODE`/`DELEGATECALL`; qed");
 				let code_address = stack.pop_back();
 				let code_address = u256_to_address(&code_address);

@@ -310,7 +326,7 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 				// Add stipend (only CALL|CALLCODE when value > 0)
 				let call_gas = call_gas + value.map_or_else(|| Cost::from(0), |val| match val.is_zero() {
 					false => Cost::from(ext.schedule().call_stipend),
-					true => Cost::from(0)
+					true => Cost::from(0),
 				});

 				// Get sender & receive addresses, check if we have balance
@@ -471,14 +487,14 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 			},
 			instructions::EXTCODESIZE => {
 				let address = u256_to_address(&stack.pop_back());
-				let len = ext.extcode(&address).len();
+				let len = ext.extcode_len(&address);
 				stack.push(U256::from(len));
 			},
 			instructions::CALLDATACOPY => {
-				self.copy_data_to_memory(stack, &params.data.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| vec![]));
+				self.copy_data_to_memory(stack, params.data.as_ref().map_or_else(|| &[] as &[u8], |d| &*d as &[u8]));
 			},
 			instructions::CODECOPY => {
-				self.copy_data_to_memory(stack, &params.code.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| vec![]));
+				self.copy_data_to_memory(stack, params.code.as_ref().map_or_else(|| &[] as &[u8], |c| &**c as &[u8]));
 			},
 			instructions::EXTCODECOPY => {
 				let address = u256_to_address(&stack.pop_back());
@@ -515,11 +531,11 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 		Ok(InstructionResult::Ok)
 	}

-	fn copy_data_to_memory(&mut self, stack: &mut Stack<U256>, data: &[u8]) {
+	fn copy_data_to_memory(&mut self, stack: &mut Stack<U256>, source: &[u8]) {
 		let dest_offset = stack.pop_back();
 		let source_offset = stack.pop_back();
 		let size = stack.pop_back();
-		let source_size = U256::from(data.len());
+		let source_size = U256::from(source.len());

 		let output_end = match source_offset > source_size || size > source_size || source_offset + size > source_size {
 			true => {
@@ -531,14 +547,14 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 				for i in zero_slice.iter_mut() {
 					*i = 0;
 				}
-				data.len()
+				source.len()
 			},
 			false => (size.low_u64() + source_offset.low_u64()) as usize
 		};

 		if source_offset < source_size {
 			let output_begin = source_offset.low_u64() as usize;
-			self.mem.write_slice(dest_offset, &data[output_begin..output_end]);
+			self.mem.write_slice(dest_offset, &source[output_begin..output_end]);
 		}
 	}

@@ -599,7 +615,19 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 				let a = stack.pop_back();
 				let b = stack.pop_back();
 				stack.push(if !self.is_zero(&b) {
-					a.overflowing_div(b).0
+					match b {
+						ONE => a,
+						TWO => a >> 1,
+						TWO_POW_5 => a >> 5,
+						TWO_POW_8 => a >> 8,
+						TWO_POW_16 => a >> 16,
+						TWO_POW_24 => a >> 24,
+						TWO_POW_64 => a >> 64,
+						TWO_POW_96 => a >> 96,
+						TWO_POW_224 => a >> 224,
+						TWO_POW_248 => a >> 248,
+						_ => a.overflowing_div(b).0,
+					}
 				} else {
 					U256::zero()
 				});
@@ -767,23 +795,6 @@ impl<Cost: CostType> Interpreter<Cost> {
 		Ok(())
 	}

-	fn find_jump_destinations(&self, code: &[u8]) -> BitSet {
-		let mut jump_dests = BitSet::with_capacity(code.len());
-		let mut position = 0;
-
-		while position < code.len() {
-			let instruction = code[position];
-
-			if instruction == instructions::JUMPDEST {
-				jump_dests.insert(position);
-			} else if instructions::is_push(instruction) {
-				position += instructions::get_push_bytes(instruction);
-			}
-			position += 1;
-		}
-
-		jump_dests
-	}
 }

 fn get_and_reset_sign(value: U256) -> (U256, bool) {
@@ -810,15 +821,3 @@ fn address_to_u256(value: Address) -> U256 {
 	U256::from(H256::from(value).as_slice())
 }

-#[test]
-fn test_find_jump_destinations() {
-	// given
-	let interpreter = Interpreter::<U256>::default();
-	let code = "7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff5b01600055".from_hex().unwrap();
-
-	// when
-	let valid_jump_destinations = interpreter.find_jump_destinations(&code);
-
-	// then
-	assert!(valid_jump_destinations.contains(66));
-}
--- a/ethcore/src/evm/interpreter/shared_cache.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/evm/interpreter/shared_cache.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use lru_cache::LruCache;
+use util::{H256, Mutex};
+use util::sha3::*;
+use bit_set::BitSet;
+use super::super::instructions;
+
+const CACHE_CODE_ITEMS: usize = 65536;
+
+/// GLobal cache for EVM interpreter
+pub struct SharedCache {
+	jump_destinations: Mutex<LruCache<H256, Arc<BitSet>>>
+}
+
+impl SharedCache {
+	/// Get jump destincations bitmap for a contract.
+	pub fn jump_destinations(&self, code_hash: &H256, code: &[u8]) -> Arc<BitSet> {
+		if code_hash == &SHA3_EMPTY {
+			return Self::find_jump_destinations(code);
+		}
+		if let Some(d) = self.jump_destinations.lock().get_mut(code_hash) {
+			return d.clone();
+		}
+
+		let d = Self::find_jump_destinations(code);
+		self.jump_destinations.lock().insert(code_hash.clone(), d.clone());
+		d
+	}
+
+	fn find_jump_destinations(code: &[u8]) -> Arc<BitSet> {
+		let mut jump_dests = BitSet::with_capacity(code.len());
+		let mut position = 0;
+
+		while position < code.len() {
+			let instruction = code[position];
+
+			if instruction == instructions::JUMPDEST {
+				jump_dests.insert(position);
+			} else if instructions::is_push(instruction) {
+				position += instructions::get_push_bytes(instruction);
+			}
+			position += 1;
+		}
+		Arc::new(jump_dests)
+	}
+}
+
+impl Default for SharedCache {
+	fn default() -> SharedCache {
+		SharedCache {
+			jump_destinations: Mutex::new(LruCache::new(CACHE_CODE_ITEMS)),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+#[test]
+fn test_find_jump_destinations() {
+	use util::FromHex;
+	// given
+	let code = "7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff5b01600055".from_hex().unwrap();
+
+	// when
+	let valid_jump_destinations = SharedCache::find_jump_destinations(&code);
+
+	// then
+	assert!(valid_jump_destinations.contains(66));
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/evm/jit.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/evm/jit.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 use common::*;
 use evmjit;
 use evm::{self, GasLeft};
+use types::executed::CallType;

 /// Should be used to convert jit types to ethcore
 trait FromJit<T>: Sized {
@@ -77,10 +78,11 @@ impl IntoJit<evmjit::I256> for U256 {
 impl IntoJit<evmjit::I256> for H256 {
 	fn into_jit(self) -> evmjit::I256 {
 		let mut ret = [0; 4];
-		for i in 0..self.bytes().len() {
-			let rev = self.bytes().len() - 1 - i;
+		let len = self.len();
+		for i in 0..len {
+			let rev = len - 1 - i;
 			let pos = rev / 8;
-			ret[pos] += (self.bytes()[i] as u64) << ((rev % 8) * 8);
+			ret[pos] += (self[i] as u64) << ((rev % 8) * 8);
 		}
 		evmjit::I256 { words: ret }
 	}
@@ -194,6 +196,7 @@ impl<'a> evmjit::Ext for ExtAdapter<'a> {
 				receive_address: *const evmjit::H256,
 				code_address: *const evmjit::H256,
 				transfer_value: *const evmjit::I256,
+				// Ignoring apparent value - it's handled correctly in executive.
 				_apparent_value: *const evmjit::I256,
 				in_beg: *const u8,
 				in_size: u64,
@@ -207,10 +210,12 @@ impl<'a> evmjit::Ext for ExtAdapter<'a> {
 		let receive_address = unsafe { Address::from_jit(&*receive_address) };
 		let code_address = unsafe { Address::from_jit(&*code_address) };
 		let transfer_value = unsafe { U256::from_jit(&*transfer_value) };
-		let value = Some(transfer_value);

 		// receive address and code address are the same in normal calls
 		let is_callcode = receive_address != code_address;
+		let is_delegatecall = is_callcode && sender_address != receive_address;
+
+		let value = if is_delegatecall { None } else { Some(transfer_value) };

 		if !is_callcode && !self.ext.exists(&code_address) {
 			gas_cost = gas_cost + U256::from(self.ext.schedule().call_new_account_gas);
@@ -239,6 +244,12 @@ impl<'a> evmjit::Ext for ExtAdapter<'a> {
 			}
 		}

+		let call_type = match (is_callcode, is_delegatecall) {
+			(_, true) => CallType::DelegateCall,
+			(true, false) => CallType::CallCode,
+			(false, false) => CallType::Call,
+		};
+
 		match self.ext.call(
 					  &call_gas,
 					  &sender_address,
@@ -246,7 +257,9 @@ impl<'a> evmjit::Ext for ExtAdapter<'a> {
 					  value,
 					  unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(in_beg, in_size as usize) },
 					  &code_address,
-					  unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_beg, out_size as usize) }) {
+					  unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_beg, out_size as usize) },
+					  call_type,
+					  ) {
 			evm::MessageCallResult::Success(gas_left) => unsafe {
 				*io_gas = (gas + gas_left).low_u64();
 				true
--- a/ethcore/src/evm/schedule.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/evm/schedule.rs
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ pub struct Schedule {
 	pub quad_coeff_div: usize,
 	/// Cost for contract length when executing `CREATE`
 	pub create_data_gas: usize,
+	/// Maximum code size when creating a contract.
+	pub create_data_limit: usize,
 	/// Transaction cost
 	pub tx_gas: usize,
 	/// `CREATE` transaction cost
@@ -80,6 +82,23 @@ pub struct Schedule {
 	pub tx_data_non_zero_gas: usize,
 	/// Gas price for copying memory
 	pub copy_gas: usize,
+	/// Price of EXTCODESIZE
+	pub extcodesize_gas: usize,
+	/// Base price of EXTCODECOPY
+	pub extcodecopy_base_gas: usize,
+	/// Price of BALANCE
+	pub balance_gas: usize,
+	/// Price of SUICIDE
+	pub suicide_gas: usize,
+	/// Amount of additional gas to pay when SUICIDE credits a non-existant account
+	pub suicide_to_new_account_cost: usize,
+	/// If Some(x): let limit = GAS * (x - 1) / x; let CALL's gas = min(requested, limit). let CREATE's gas = limit.
+	/// If None: let CALL's gas = (requested > GAS ? [OOG] : GAS). let CREATE's gas = GAS
+	pub sub_gas_cap_divisor: Option<usize>,
+	/// Don't ever make empty accounts; contracts start with nonce=1. Also, don't charge 25k when sending/suicide zero-value.
+	pub no_empty: bool,
+	/// Kill empty accounts if touched.
+	pub kill_empty: bool,
 }

 impl Schedule {
@@ -93,8 +112,54 @@ impl Schedule {
 		Self::new(true, true, 53000)
 	}

+	/// Schedule for the post-EIP-150-era of the Ethereum main net.
+	pub fn new_post_eip150(max_code_size: usize, fix_exp: bool, no_empty: bool, kill_empty: bool) -> Schedule {
+		Schedule {
+			exceptional_failed_code_deposit: true,
+			have_delegate_call: true,
+			stack_limit: 1024,
+			max_depth: 1024,
+			tier_step_gas: [0, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 20, 0],
+			exp_gas: 10,
+			exp_byte_gas: if fix_exp {50} else {10},
+			sha3_gas: 30,
+			sha3_word_gas: 6,
+			sload_gas: 200,
+			sstore_set_gas: 20000,
+			sstore_reset_gas: 5000,
+			sstore_refund_gas: 15000,
+			jumpdest_gas: 1,
+			log_gas: 375,
+			log_data_gas: 8,
+			log_topic_gas: 375,
+			create_gas: 32000,
+			call_gas: 700,
+			call_stipend: 2300,
+			call_value_transfer_gas: 9000,
+			call_new_account_gas: 25000,
+			suicide_refund_gas: 24000,
+			memory_gas: 3,
+			quad_coeff_div: 512,
+			create_data_gas: 200,
+			create_data_limit: max_code_size,
+			tx_gas: 21000,
+			tx_create_gas: 53000,
+			tx_data_zero_gas: 4,
+			tx_data_non_zero_gas: 68,
+			copy_gas: 3,
+			extcodesize_gas: 700,
+			extcodecopy_base_gas: 700,
+			balance_gas: 400,
+			suicide_gas: 5000,
+			suicide_to_new_account_cost: 25000,
+			sub_gas_cap_divisor: Some(64),
+			no_empty: no_empty,
+			kill_empty: kill_empty,
+		}
+	}
+
 	fn new(efcd: bool, hdc: bool, tcg: usize) -> Schedule {
-		Schedule{
+		Schedule {
 			exceptional_failed_code_deposit: efcd,
 			have_delegate_call: hdc,
 			stack_limit: 1024,
@@ -121,11 +186,20 @@ impl Schedule {
 			memory_gas: 3,
 			quad_coeff_div: 512,
 			create_data_gas: 200,
+			create_data_limit: usize::max_value(),
 			tx_gas: 21000,
 			tx_create_gas: tcg,
 			tx_data_zero_gas: 4,
 			tx_data_non_zero_gas: 68,
 			copy_gas: 3,
+			extcodesize_gas: 20,
+			extcodecopy_base_gas: 20,
+			balance_gas: 20,
+			suicide_gas: 0,
+			suicide_to_new_account_cost: 0,
+			sub_gas_cap_divisor: None,
+			no_empty: false,
+			kill_empty: false,
 		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/evm/tests.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/evm/tests.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub struct FakeExt {
 	depth: usize,
 	store: HashMap<H256, H256>,
 	blockhashes: HashMap<U256, H256>,
-	codes: HashMap<Address, Bytes>,
+	codes: HashMap<Address, Arc<Bytes>>,
 	logs: Vec<FakeLogEntry>,
 	_suicides: HashSet<Address>,
 	info: EnvInfo,
@@ -92,6 +92,14 @@ impl Ext for FakeExt {
 		self.balances.contains_key(address)
 	}

+	fn exists_and_not_null(&self, address: &Address) -> bool {
+		self.balances.get(address).map_or(false, |b| !b.is_zero()) 
+	}
+
+	fn origin_balance(&self) -> U256 {
+		unimplemented!()
+	}
+
 	fn balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
 		*self.balances.get(address).unwrap()
 	}
@@ -136,8 +144,12 @@ impl Ext for FakeExt {
 		MessageCallResult::Success(*gas)
 	}

-	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Bytes {
-		self.codes.get(address).unwrap_or(&Bytes::new()).clone()
+	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Arc<Bytes> {
+		self.codes.get(address).unwrap_or(&Arc::new(Bytes::new())).clone()
+	}
+
+	fn extcode_len(&self, address: &Address) -> u64 {
+		self.codes.get(address).map_or(0, |c| c.len() as u64)
 	}

 	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: &[u8]) {
@@ -180,11 +192,11 @@ fn test_stack_underflow() {
 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let err = {
-		let mut vm : Box<evm::Evm> = Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter::<usize>::default());
+		let mut vm : Box<evm::Evm> = Box::new(super::interpreter::Interpreter::<usize>::new(Arc::new(super::interpreter::SharedCache::default())));
 		test_finalize(vm.exec(params, &mut ext)).unwrap_err()
 	};

@@ -207,7 +219,7 @@ fn test_add(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -227,7 +239,7 @@ fn test_sha3(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -247,7 +259,7 @@ fn test_address(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -269,7 +281,7 @@ fn test_origin(factory: super::Factory) {
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.origin = origin.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -291,7 +303,7 @@ fn test_sender(factory: super::Factory) {
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.sender = sender.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -325,9 +337,9 @@ fn test_extcodecopy(factory: super::Factory) {
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.sender = sender.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
-	ext.codes.insert(sender, sender_code);
+	ext.codes.insert(sender, Arc::new(sender_code));

 	let gas_left = {
 		let mut vm = factory.create(params.gas);
@@ -346,7 +358,7 @@ fn test_log_empty(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -378,7 +390,7 @@ fn test_log_sender(factory: super::Factory) {
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.sender = sender.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -402,7 +414,7 @@ fn test_blockhash(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 	ext.blockhashes.insert(U256::zero(), blockhash.clone());

@@ -424,7 +436,7 @@ fn test_calldataload(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	params.data = Some(data);
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

@@ -445,7 +457,7 @@ fn test_author(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 	ext.info.author = author;

@@ -465,7 +477,7 @@ fn test_timestamp(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 	ext.info.timestamp = timestamp;

@@ -485,7 +497,7 @@ fn test_number(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 	ext.info.number = number;

@@ -505,7 +517,7 @@ fn test_difficulty(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 	ext.info.difficulty = difficulty;

@@ -525,7 +537,7 @@ fn test_gas_limit(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 	ext.info.gas_limit = gas_limit;

@@ -544,7 +556,7 @@ fn test_mul(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -562,7 +574,7 @@ fn test_sub(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -580,7 +592,7 @@ fn test_div(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -598,7 +610,7 @@ fn test_div_zero(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -616,7 +628,7 @@ fn test_mod(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -635,7 +647,7 @@ fn test_smod(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -654,7 +666,7 @@ fn test_sdiv(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -673,7 +685,7 @@ fn test_exp(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -693,7 +705,7 @@ fn test_comparison(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -714,7 +726,7 @@ fn test_signed_comparison(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -735,7 +747,7 @@ fn test_bitops(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(150_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -758,7 +770,7 @@ fn test_addmod_mulmod(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -779,7 +791,7 @@ fn test_byte(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -798,7 +810,7 @@ fn test_signextend(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -818,7 +830,7 @@ fn test_badinstruction_int() {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let err = {
@@ -838,7 +850,7 @@ fn test_pop(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -858,7 +870,7 @@ fn test_extops(factory: super::Factory) {
 	params.gas = U256::from(150_000);
 	params.gas_price = U256::from(0x32);
 	params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(U256::from(0x99));
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -881,7 +893,7 @@ fn test_jumps(factory: super::Factory) {

 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(150_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();

 	let gas_left = {
@@ -904,7 +916,7 @@ fn test_calls(factory: super::Factory) {
 	let code_address = Address::from(0x998);
 	let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 	params.gas = U256::from(150_000);
-	params.code = Some(code);
+	params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 	params.address = address.clone();
 	let mut ext = FakeExt::new();
 	ext.balances = {
--- a/ethcore/src/executive.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/executive.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@

 //! Transaction Execution environment.
 use common::*;
-use state::*;
+use state::{State, CleanupMode};
 use engines::Engine;
 use types::executed::CallType;
 use evm::{self, Ext, Factory, Finalize};
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ use trace::{FlatTrace, Tracer, NoopTracer, ExecutiveTracer, VMTrace, VMTracer, E
 use crossbeam;
 pub use types::executed::{Executed, ExecutionResult};

-/// Max depth to avoid stack overflow (when it's reached we start a new thread with VM)
+/// Roughly estimate what stack size each level of evm depth will use
 /// TODO [todr] We probably need some more sophisticated calculations here (limit on my machine 132)
 /// Maybe something like here: `https://github.com/ethereum/libethereum/blob/4db169b8504f2b87f7d5a481819cfb959fc65f6c/libethereum/ExtVM.cpp`
-const MAX_VM_DEPTH_FOR_THREAD: usize = 64;
+const STACK_SIZE_PER_DEPTH: usize = 24*1024;

 /// Returns new address created from address and given nonce.
 pub fn contract_address(address: &Address, nonce: &U256) -> Address {
@@ -148,12 +148,13 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {

 		// TODO: we might need bigints here, or at least check overflows.
 		let balance = self.state.balance(&sender);
-		let gas_cost = U512::from(t.gas) * U512::from(t.gas_price);
+		let gas_cost = t.gas.full_mul(t.gas_price);
 		let total_cost = U512::from(t.value) + gas_cost;

 		// avoid unaffordable transactions
-		if U512::from(balance) < total_cost {
-			return Err(From::from(ExecutionError::NotEnoughCash { required: total_cost, got: U512::from(balance) }));
+		let balance512 = U512::from(balance);
+		if balance512 < total_cost {
+			return Err(From::from(ExecutionError::NotEnoughCash { required: total_cost, got: balance512 }));
 		}

 		// NOTE: there can be no invalid transactions from this point.
@@ -167,13 +168,14 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 				let new_address = contract_address(&sender, &nonce);
 				let params = ActionParams {
 					code_address: new_address.clone(),
+					code_hash: t.data.sha3(),
 					address: new_address,
 					sender: sender.clone(),
 					origin: sender.clone(),
 					gas: init_gas,
 					gas_price: t.gas_price,
 					value: ActionValue::Transfer(t.value),
-					code: Some(t.data.clone()),
+					code: Some(Arc::new(t.data.clone())),
 					data: None,
 					call_type: CallType::None,
 				};
@@ -189,6 +191,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 					gas_price: t.gas_price,
 					value: ActionValue::Transfer(t.value),
 					code: self.state.code(address),
+					code_hash: self.state.code_hash(address),
 					data: Some(t.data.clone()),
 					call_type: CallType::Call,
 				};
@@ -210,8 +213,11 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 		tracer: &mut T,
 		vm_tracer: &mut V
 	) -> evm::Result<U256> where T: Tracer, V: VMTracer {
+
+		let depth_threshold = ::io::LOCAL_STACK_SIZE.with(|sz| sz.get() / STACK_SIZE_PER_DEPTH);
+
 		// Ordinary execution - keep VM in same thread
-		if (self.depth + 1) % MAX_VM_DEPTH_FOR_THREAD != 0 {
+		if (self.depth + 1) % depth_threshold != 0 {
 			let vm_factory = self.vm_factory;
 			let mut ext = self.as_externalities(OriginInfo::from(&params), unconfirmed_substate, output_policy, tracer, vm_tracer);
 			trace!(target: "executive", "ext.schedule.have_delegate_call: {}", ext.schedule().have_delegate_call);
@@ -246,9 +252,11 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 		// backup used in case of running out of gas
 		self.state.snapshot();

+		let schedule = self.engine.schedule(self.info);
+
 		// at first, transfer value to destination
 		if let ActionValue::Transfer(val) = params.value {
-			self.state.transfer_balance(&params.sender, &params.address, &val);
+			self.state.transfer_balance(&params.sender, &params.address, &val, substate.to_cleanup_mode(&schedule));
 		}
 		trace!("Executive::call(params={:?}) self.env_info={:?}", params, self.info);

@@ -263,7 +271,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 			let cost = self.engine.cost_of_builtin(&params.code_address, data);
 			if cost <= params.gas {
 				self.engine.execute_builtin(&params.code_address, data, &mut output);
-				self.state.clear_snapshot();
+				self.state.discard_snapshot();

 				// trace only top level calls to builtins to avoid DDoS attacks
 				if self.depth == 0 {
@@ -283,7 +291,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 				Ok(params.gas - cost)
 			} else {
 				// just drain the whole gas
-				self.state.revert_snapshot();
+				self.state.revert_to_snapshot();

 				tracer.trace_failed_call(trace_info, vec![]);

@@ -329,7 +337,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 				res
 			} else {
 				// otherwise it's just a basic transaction, only do tracing, if necessary.
-				self.state.clear_snapshot();
+				self.state.discard_snapshot();

 				tracer.trace_call(trace_info, U256::zero(), trace_output, vec![]);
 				Ok(params.gas)
@@ -354,12 +362,14 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 		let mut unconfirmed_substate = Substate::new();

 		// create contract and transfer value to it if necessary
+		let schedule = self.engine.schedule(self.info);
+		let nonce_offset = if schedule.no_empty {1} else {0}.into();
 		let prev_bal = self.state.balance(&params.address);
 		if let ActionValue::Transfer(val) = params.value {
 			self.state.sub_balance(&params.sender, &val);
-			self.state.new_contract(&params.address, val + prev_bal);
+			self.state.new_contract(&params.address, val + prev_bal, nonce_offset);
 		} else {
-			self.state.new_contract(&params.address, prev_bal);
+			self.state.new_contract(&params.address, prev_bal, nonce_offset);
 		}

 		let trace_info = tracer.prepare_trace_create(&params);
@@ -395,7 +405,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 	fn finalize(
 		&mut self,
 		t: &SignedTransaction,
-		substate: Substate,
+		mut substate: Substate,
 		result: evm::Result<U256>,
 		output: Bytes,
 		trace: Vec<FlatTrace>,
@@ -411,7 +421,7 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {

 		// real ammount to refund
 		let gas_left_prerefund = match result { Ok(x) => x, _ => 0.into() };
-		let refunded = cmp::min(refunds_bound, (t.gas - gas_left_prerefund) / U256::from(2));
+		let refunded = cmp::min(refunds_bound, (t.gas - gas_left_prerefund) >> 1);
 		let gas_left = gas_left_prerefund + refunded;

 		let gas_used = t.gas - gas_left;
@@ -421,16 +431,32 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 		trace!("exec::finalize: t.gas={}, sstore_refunds={}, suicide_refunds={}, refunds_bound={}, gas_left_prerefund={}, refunded={}, gas_left={}, gas_used={}, refund_value={}, fees_value={}\n",
 			t.gas, sstore_refunds, suicide_refunds, refunds_bound, gas_left_prerefund, refunded, gas_left, gas_used, refund_value, fees_value);

-		trace!("exec::finalize: Refunding refund_value={}, sender={}\n", refund_value, t.sender().unwrap());
-		self.state.add_balance(&t.sender().unwrap(), &refund_value);
+		let sender = match t.sender() {
+			Ok(sender) => sender,
+			Err(e) => {
+				debug!(target: "executive", "attempted to finalize transaction without sender: {}", e);
+				return Err(ExecutionError::Internal);
+			}
+		};
+
+		trace!("exec::finalize: Refunding refund_value={}, sender={}\n", refund_value, sender);
+		// Below: NoEmpty is safe since the sender must already be non-null to have sent this transaction
+		self.state.add_balance(&sender, &refund_value, CleanupMode::NoEmpty);  
 		trace!("exec::finalize: Compensating author: fees_value={}, author={}\n", fees_value, &self.info.author);
-		self.state.add_balance(&self.info.author, &fees_value);
+		self.state.add_balance(&self.info.author, &fees_value, substate.to_cleanup_mode(&schedule));

 		// perform suicides
 		for address in &substate.suicides {
 			self.state.kill_account(address);
 		}

+		// perform garbage-collection
+		for address in &substate.garbage {
+			if self.state.exists(address) && !self.state.exists_and_not_null(address) {
+				self.state.kill_account(address);
+			}
+		}
+
 		match result {
 			Err(evm::Error::Internal) => Err(ExecutionError::Internal),
 			Err(_) => {
@@ -471,10 +497,10 @@ impl<'a> Executive<'a> {
 				| Err(evm::Error::BadInstruction {.. })
 				| Err(evm::Error::StackUnderflow {..})
 				| Err(evm::Error::OutOfStack {..}) => {
-					self.state.revert_snapshot();
+					self.state.revert_to_snapshot();
 			},
 			Ok(_) | Err(evm::Error::Internal) => {
-				self.state.clear_snapshot();
+				self.state.discard_snapshot();
 				substate.accrue(un_substate);
 			}
 		}
@@ -493,6 +519,7 @@ mod tests {
 	use trace::{FlatTrace, Tracer, NoopTracer, ExecutiveTracer};
 	use trace::{VMTrace, VMOperation, VMExecutedOperation, MemoryDiff, StorageDiff, VMTracer, NoopVMTracer, ExecutiveVMTracer};
 	use types::executed::CallType;
+	use state::{CleanupMode};

 	#[test]
 	fn test_contract_address() {
@@ -510,11 +537,11 @@ mod tests {
 		params.address = address.clone();
 		params.sender = sender.clone();
 		params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-		params.code = Some("3331600055".from_hex().unwrap());
+		params.code = Some(Arc::new("3331600055".from_hex().unwrap()));
 		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(U256::from(0x7));
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(0x100u64));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(0x100u64), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let info = EnvInfo::default();
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
@@ -569,11 +596,11 @@ mod tests {
 		params.sender = sender.clone();
 		params.origin = sender.clone();
 		params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-		params.code = Some(code.clone());
+		params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(U256::from(100));
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let info = EnvInfo::default();
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
@@ -624,12 +651,12 @@ mod tests {
 		params.sender = sender.clone();
 		params.origin = sender.clone();
 		params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-		params.code = Some(code.clone());
+		params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(U256::from(100));
 		params.call_type = CallType::Call;
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let info = EnvInfo::default();
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
@@ -687,7 +714,7 @@ mod tests {
 				VMOperation { pc: 33, instruction: 96, gas_cost: 3.into(), executed: Some(VMExecutedOperation { gas_used: 99985.into(), stack_push: vec_into![29], mem_diff: None, store_diff: None }) },
 				VMOperation { pc: 35, instruction: 96, gas_cost: 3.into(), executed: Some(VMExecutedOperation { gas_used: 99982.into(), stack_push: vec_into![3], mem_diff: None, store_diff: None }) },
 				VMOperation { pc: 37, instruction: 96, gas_cost: 3.into(), executed: Some(VMExecutedOperation { gas_used: 99979.into(), stack_push: vec_into![23], mem_diff: None, store_diff: None }) },
-				VMOperation { pc: 39, instruction: 240, gas_cost: 32000.into(), executed: Some(VMExecutedOperation { gas_used: 67979.into(), stack_push: vec_into![U256::from_dec_str("1135198453258042933984631383966629874710669425204").unwrap()], mem_diff: None, store_diff: None }) },
+				VMOperation { pc: 39, instruction: 240, gas_cost: 99979.into(), executed: Some(VMExecutedOperation { gas_used: 64755.into(), stack_push: vec_into![U256::from_dec_str("1135198453258042933984631383966629874710669425204").unwrap()], mem_diff: None, store_diff: None }) },
 				VMOperation { pc: 40, instruction: 96, gas_cost: 3.into(), executed: Some(VMExecutedOperation { gas_used: 64752.into(), stack_push: vec_into![0], mem_diff: None, store_diff: None }) },
 				VMOperation { pc: 42, instruction: 85, gas_cost: 20000.into(), executed: Some(VMExecutedOperation { gas_used: 44752.into(), stack_push: vec_into![], mem_diff: None, store_diff: Some(StorageDiff { location: 0.into(), value: U256::from_dec_str("1135198453258042933984631383966629874710669425204").unwrap() }) }) }
 			],
@@ -734,11 +761,11 @@ mod tests {
 		params.sender = sender.clone();
 		params.origin = sender.clone();
 		params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-		params.code = Some(code.clone());
+		params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(100.into());
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let info = EnvInfo::default();
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(5);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
@@ -822,11 +849,11 @@ mod tests {
 		params.sender = sender.clone();
 		params.origin = sender.clone();
 		params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-		params.code = Some(code.clone());
+		params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(U256::from(100));
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let info = EnvInfo::default();
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
@@ -874,11 +901,11 @@ mod tests {
 		params.sender = sender.clone();
 		params.origin = sender.clone();
 		params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-		params.code = Some(code.clone());
+		params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(U256::from(100));
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let info = EnvInfo::default();
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(1024);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
@@ -931,14 +958,14 @@ mod tests {
 		params.address = address_a.clone();
 		params.sender = sender.clone();
 		params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-		params.code = Some(code_a.clone());
+		params.code = Some(Arc::new(code_a.clone()));
 		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(U256::from(100_000));

 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
 		state.init_code(&address_a, code_a.clone());
 		state.init_code(&address_b, code_b.clone());
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100_000));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100_000), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);

 		let info = EnvInfo::default();
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
@@ -981,10 +1008,10 @@ mod tests {
 		let mut params = ActionParams::default();
 		params.address = address.clone();
 		params.gas = U256::from(100_000);
-		params.code = Some(code.clone());
+		params.code = Some(Arc::new(code.clone()));
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.init_code(&address, code.clone());
+		state.init_code(&address, code);
 		let info = EnvInfo::default();
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
@@ -1011,13 +1038,13 @@ mod tests {
 			gas: U256::from(100_000),
 			gas_price: U256::zero(),
 			nonce: U256::zero()
-		}.sign(keypair.secret());
+		}.sign(keypair.secret(), None);
 		let sender = t.sender().unwrap();
 		let contract = contract_address(&sender, &U256::zero());

 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(18));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(18), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
 		info.gas_limit = U256::from(100_000);
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
@@ -1078,12 +1105,12 @@ mod tests {
 			gas: U256::from(100_000),
 			gas_price: U256::zero(),
 			nonce: U256::one()
-		}.sign(keypair.secret());
+		}.sign(keypair.secret(), None);
 		let sender = t.sender().unwrap();

 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(17));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(17), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
 		info.gas_limit = U256::from(100_000);
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
@@ -1111,12 +1138,12 @@ mod tests {
 			gas: U256::from(80_001),
 			gas_price: U256::zero(),
 			nonce: U256::zero()
-		}.sign(keypair.secret());
+		}.sign(keypair.secret(), None);
 		let sender = t.sender().unwrap();

 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(17));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(17), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
 		info.gas_used = U256::from(20_000);
 		info.gas_limit = U256::from(100_000);
@@ -1146,12 +1173,12 @@ mod tests {
 			gas: U256::from(100_000),
 			gas_price: U256::one(),
 			nonce: U256::zero()
-		}.sign(keypair.secret());
+		}.sign(keypair.secret(), None);
 		let sender = t.sender().unwrap();

 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100_017));
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from(100_017), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let mut info = EnvInfo::default();
 		info.gas_limit = U256::from(100_000);
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
@@ -1182,11 +1209,11 @@ mod tests {
 		params.sender = sender.clone();
 		params.origin = sender.clone();
 		params.gas = U256::from(0x0186a0);
-		params.code = Some(code.clone());
+		params.code = Some(Arc::new(code));
 		params.value = ActionValue::Transfer(U256::from_str("0de0b6b3a7640000").unwrap());
 		let mut state_result = get_temp_state();
 		let mut state = state_result.reference_mut();
-		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from_str("152d02c7e14af6800000").unwrap());
+		state.add_balance(&sender, &U256::from_str("152d02c7e14af6800000").unwrap(), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 		let info = EnvInfo::default();
 		let engine = TestEngine::new(0);
 		let mut substate = Substate::new();
--- a/ethcore/src/externalities.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/externalities.rs
@@ -113,6 +113,12 @@ impl<'a, T, V> Ext for Externalities<'a, T, V> where T: 'a + Tracer, V: 'a + VMT
 		self.state.exists(address)
 	}

+	fn exists_and_not_null(&self, address: &Address) -> bool {
+		self.state.exists_and_not_null(address)
+	}
+
+	fn origin_balance(&self) -> U256 { self.balance(&self.origin_info.address) }
+
 	fn balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
 		self.state.balance(address)
 	}
@@ -147,7 +153,8 @@ impl<'a, T, V> Ext for Externalities<'a, T, V> where T: 'a + Tracer, V: 'a + VMT
 			gas: *gas,
 			gas_price: self.origin_info.gas_price,
 			value: ActionValue::Transfer(*value),
-			code: Some(code.to_vec()),
+			code: Some(Arc::new(code.to_vec())),
+			code_hash: code.sha3(),
 			data: None,
 			call_type: CallType::None,
 		};
@@ -186,6 +193,7 @@ impl<'a, T, V> Ext for Externalities<'a, T, V> where T: 'a + Tracer, V: 'a + VMT
 			gas: *gas,
 			gas_price: self.origin_info.gas_price,
 			code: self.state.code(code_address),
+			code_hash: self.state.code_hash(code_address),
 			data: Some(data.to_vec()),
 			call_type: call_type,
 		};
@@ -202,8 +210,12 @@ impl<'a, T, V> Ext for Externalities<'a, T, V> where T: 'a + Tracer, V: 'a + VMT
 		}
 	}

-	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Bytes {
-		self.state.code(address).unwrap_or_else(|| vec![])
+	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Arc<Bytes> {
+		self.state.code(address).unwrap_or_else(|| Arc::new(vec![]))
+	}
+
+	fn extcode_len(&self, address: &Address) -> u64 {
+		self.state.code_size(address).unwrap_or(0)
 	}

 	#[cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(match_ref_pats))]
@@ -229,7 +241,7 @@ impl<'a, T, V> Ext for Externalities<'a, T, V> where T: 'a + Tracer, V: 'a + VMT
 			},
 			OutputPolicy::InitContract(ref mut copy) => {
 				let return_cost = U256::from(data.len()) * U256::from(self.schedule.create_data_gas);
-				if return_cost > *gas {
+				if return_cost > *gas || data.len() > self.schedule.create_data_limit {
 					return match self.schedule.exceptional_failed_code_deposit {
 						true => Err(evm::Error::OutOfGas),
 						false => Ok(*gas)
@@ -260,11 +272,11 @@ impl<'a, T, V> Ext for Externalities<'a, T, V> where T: 'a + Tracer, V: 'a + VMT
 		let address = self.origin_info.address.clone();
 		let balance = self.balance(&address);
 		if &address == refund_address {
-			// TODO [todr] To be consisted with CPP client we set balance to 0 in that case.
+			// TODO [todr] To be consistent with CPP client we set balance to 0 in that case.
 			self.state.sub_balance(&address, &balance);
 		} else {
-			trace!("Suiciding {} -> {} (xfer: {})", address, refund_address, balance);
-			self.state.transfer_balance(&address, refund_address, &balance);
+			trace!(target: "ext", "Suiciding {} -> {} (xfer: {})", address, refund_address, balance);
+			self.state.transfer_balance(&address, refund_address, &balance, self.substate.to_cleanup_mode(&self.schedule));
 		}

 		self.tracer.trace_suicide(address, balance, refund_address.clone());
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/chain.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/chain.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ pub fn json_chain_test(json_data: &[u8], era: ChainEra) -> Vec<String> {
 				let mut spec = match era {
 					ChainEra::Frontier => ethereum::new_frontier_test(),
 					ChainEra::Homestead => ethereum::new_homestead_test(),
-					ChainEra::DaoHardfork => ethereum::new_daohardfork_test(),
+					ChainEra::Eip150 => ethereum::new_eip150_test(),
+					ChainEra::Eip161 => ethereum::new_eip161_test(),
+					ChainEra::TransitionTest => ethereum::new_transition_test(),
 				};
 				spec.set_genesis_state(state);
 				spec.overwrite_genesis_params(genesis);
@@ -114,14 +116,38 @@ mod frontier_era_tests {
 	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_RandomTests_bl201507071825GO, "BlockchainTests/RandomTests/bl201507071825GO"}
 }

-mod daohardfork_tests {
+mod transition_tests {
 	use tests::helpers::*;
 	use super::json_chain_test;

 	fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
-		json_chain_test(json_data, ChainEra::DaoHardfork)
+		json_chain_test(json_data, ChainEra::TransitionTest)
 	}

 	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_TestNetwork_bcSimpleTransitionTest, "BlockchainTests/TestNetwork/bcSimpleTransitionTest"}
 	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_TestNetwork_bcTheDaoTest, "BlockchainTests/TestNetwork/bcTheDaoTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_TestNetwork_bcEIP150Test, "BlockchainTests/TestNetwork/bcEIP150Test"}
+}
+
+mod eip150_blockchain_tests {
+	use tests::helpers::*;
+	use super::json_chain_test;
+
+	fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
+		json_chain_test(json_data, ChainEra::Eip150)
+	}
+
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcBlockGasLimitTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcBlockGasLimitTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcForkStressTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcForkStressTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcGasPricerTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcGasPricerTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcInvalidHeaderTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcInvalidHeaderTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcInvalidRLPTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcInvalidRLPTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcMultiChainTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcMultiChainTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcRPC_API_Test, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcRPC_API_Test"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcStateTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcStateTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcTotalDifficultyTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcTotalDifficultyTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcUncleHeaderValiditiy, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcUncleHeaderValiditiy"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcUncleTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcUncleTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcValidBlockTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcValidBlockTest"}
+	declare_test!{BlockchainTests_EIP150_bcWalletTest, "BlockchainTests/EIP150/bcWalletTest"}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/eip150_state.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/eip150_state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use super::test_common::*;
+use tests::helpers::*;
+use super::state::json_chain_test;
+
+fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
+	json_chain_test(json_data, ChainEra::Eip150)
+}
+
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stEIPSpecificTest, "StateTests/EIP150/stEIPSpecificTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stEIPsingleCodeGasPrices, "StateTests/EIP150/stEIPsingleCodeGasPrices"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stMemExpandingEIPCalls, "StateTests/EIP150/stMemExpandingEIPCalls"}
+
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stCallCodes, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stCallCodes"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stCallCreateCallCodeTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stCallCreateCallCodeTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stDelegatecallTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stDelegatecallTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stInitCodeTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stInitCodeTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stLogTests, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stLogTests"}
+declare_test!{heavy => StateTests_EIP150_stMemoryStressTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stMemoryStressTest"}
+declare_test!{heavy => StateTests_EIP150_stMemoryTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stMemoryTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stPreCompiledContracts, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stPreCompiledContracts"}
+declare_test!{heavy => StateTests_EIP150_stQuadraticComplexityTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stQuadraticComplexityTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stRecursiveCreate, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stRecursiveCreate"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stRefundTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stRefundTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stSpecialTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stSpecialTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stSystemOperationsTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stSystemOperationsTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stTransactionTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stTransactionTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP150_stWalletTest, "StateTests/EIP150/Homestead/stWalletTest"}
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/eip161_state.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/eip161_state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use super::test_common::*;
+use tests::helpers::*;
+use super::state::json_chain_test;
+
+fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
+	json_chain_test(json_data, ChainEra::Eip161)
+}
+
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_stEIP158SpecificTest, "StateTests/EIP158/stEIP158SpecificTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_stNonZeroCallsTest, "StateTests/EIP158/stNonZeroCallsTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_stZeroCallsTest, "StateTests/EIP158/stZeroCallsTest"}
+
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_EIP150_stMemExpandingEIPCalls, "StateTests/EIP158/EIP150/stMemExpandingEIPCalls"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_EIP150_stEIPSpecificTest, "StateTests/EIP158/EIP150/stEIPSpecificTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_EIP150_stEIPsingleCodeGasPrices, "StateTests/EIP158/EIP150/stEIPsingleCodeGasPrices"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_EIP150_stChangedTests, "StateTests/EIP158/EIP150/stChangedTests"}
+
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stBoundsTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stBoundsTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stCallCodes, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stCallCodes"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stCallCreateCallCodeTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stCallCreateCallCodeTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stCallDelegateCodes, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stCallDelegateCodes"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stCallDelegateCodesCallCode, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stCallDelegateCodesCallCode"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stDelegatecallTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stDelegatecallTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stHomeSteadSpecific, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stHomeSteadSpecific"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stInitCodeTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stInitCodeTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stLogTests, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stLogTests"}
+declare_test!{heavy => StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stMemoryTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stMemoryTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stPreCompiledContracts, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stPreCompiledContracts"}
+declare_test!{heavy => StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stQuadraticComplexityTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stQuadraticComplexityTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stRecursiveCreate, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stRecursiveCreate"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stRefundTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stRefundTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stSpecialTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stSpecialTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stSystemOperationsTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stSystemOperationsTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stTransactionTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stTransactionTest"}
+declare_test!{StateTests_EIP158_Homestead_stWalletTest, "StateTests/EIP158/Homestead/stWalletTest"}
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/executive.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/executive.rs
@@ -91,10 +91,18 @@ impl<'a, T, V> Ext for TestExt<'a, T, V> where T: Tracer, V: VMTracer {
 		self.ext.exists(address)
 	}

+	fn exists_and_not_null(&self, address: &Address) -> bool {
+		self.ext.exists_and_not_null(address)
+	}
+
 	fn balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
 		self.ext.balance(address)
 	}

+	fn origin_balance(&self) -> U256 {
+		self.ext.origin_balance()
+	}
+
 	fn blockhash(&self, number: &U256) -> H256 {
 		self.ext.blockhash(number)
 	}
@@ -128,10 +136,14 @@ impl<'a, T, V> Ext for TestExt<'a, T, V> where T: Tracer, V: VMTracer {
 		MessageCallResult::Success(*gas)
 	}

-	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Bytes  {
+	fn extcode(&self, address: &Address) -> Arc<Bytes>  {
 		self.ext.extcode(address)
 	}

+	fn extcode_len(&self, address: &Address) -> u64  {
+		self.ext.extcode_len(address)
+	}
+
 	fn log(&mut self, topics: Vec<H256>, data: &[u8]) {
 		self.ext.log(topics, data)
 	}
@@ -229,7 +241,7 @@ fn do_json_test_for(vm_type: &VMType, json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 				for (address, account) in vm.post_state.unwrap().into_iter() {
 					let address = address.into();
 					let code: Vec<u8> = account.code.into();
-					fail_unless(state.code(&address).unwrap_or_else(Vec::new) == code, "code is incorrect");
+					fail_unless(state.code(&address).as_ref().map_or_else(|| code.is_empty(), |c| &**c == &code), "code is incorrect");
 					fail_unless(state.balance(&address) == account.balance.into(), "balance is incorrect");
 					fail_unless(state.nonce(&address) == account.nonce.into(), "nonce is incorrect");
 					account.storage.into_iter().foreach(|(k, v)| {
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/homestead_chain.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/homestead_chain.rs
@@ -36,3 +36,6 @@ declare_test!{BlockchainTests_Homestead_bcUncleHeaderValiditiy, "BlockchainTests
 declare_test!{BlockchainTests_Homestead_bcUncleTest, "BlockchainTests/Homestead/bcUncleTest"}
 declare_test!{BlockchainTests_Homestead_bcValidBlockTest, "BlockchainTests/Homestead/bcValidBlockTest"}
 declare_test!{BlockchainTests_Homestead_bcWalletTest, "BlockchainTests/Homestead/bcWalletTest"}
+declare_test!{BlockchainTests_Homestead_bcShanghaiLove, "BlockchainTests/Homestead/bcShanghaiLove"}
+// declare_test!{BlockchainTests_Homestead_bcSuicideIssue, "BlockchainTests/Homestead/bcSuicideIssue"}
+declare_test!{BlockchainTests_Homestead_bcExploitTest, "BlockchainTests/Homestead/bcExploitTest"}
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/mod.rs
@@ -23,4 +23,6 @@ mod state;
 mod chain;
 mod homestead_state;
 mod homestead_chain;
+mod eip150_state;
+mod eip161_state;
 mod trie;
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/state.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/state.rs
--- a/ethcore/src/json_tests/transaction.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/json_tests/transaction.rs
@@ -33,17 +33,24 @@ fn do_json_test(json_data: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
 			Some(x) if x < 1_150_000 => &old_schedule,
 			Some(_) => &new_schedule
 		};
+		let allow_network_id_of_one = number.map_or(false, |n| n > 2600000); 

 		let rlp: Vec<u8> = test.rlp.into();
 		let res = UntrustedRlp::new(&rlp)
 			.as_val()
 			.map_err(From::from)
-			.and_then(|t: SignedTransaction| t.validate(schedule, schedule.have_delegate_call));
+			.and_then(|t: SignedTransaction| t.validate(schedule, schedule.have_delegate_call, allow_network_id_of_one));

 		fail_unless(test.transaction.is_none() == res.is_err());
 		if let (Some(tx), Some(sender)) = (test.transaction, test.sender) {
 			let t = res.unwrap();
 			fail_unless(t.sender().unwrap() == sender.into());
+			let is_acceptable_network_id = match t.network_id() {
+				None => true,
+				Some(1) if allow_network_id_of_one => true,
+				_ => false,
+			};
+			fail_unless(is_acceptable_network_id);
 			let data: Vec<u8> = tx.data.into();
 			fail_unless(t.data == data);
 			fail_unless(t.gas_price == tx.gas_price.into());
--- a/ethcore/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/lib.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #![cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(match_bool))]
 // Keeps consistency (all lines with `.clone()`).
 #![cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(clone_on_copy))]
+// Complains on Box<E> when implementing From<Box<E>>
+#![cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(boxed_local))]
 // TODO [todr] a lot of warnings to be fixed
 #![cfg_attr(feature="dev", allow(assign_op_pattern))]

@@ -98,8 +100,12 @@ extern crate ethcore_ipc_nano as nanoipc;
 extern crate ethcore_devtools as devtools;
 extern crate rand;
 extern crate bit_set;
+extern crate lru_cache;
+extern crate bloomfilter;
+extern crate byteorder;

-#[cfg(feature = "jit" )] extern crate evmjit;
+#[cfg(feature = "jit" )]
+extern crate evmjit;

 pub mod account_provider;
 pub mod engines;
@@ -128,6 +134,7 @@ mod basic_types;
 mod env_info;
 mod pod_account;
 mod state;
+mod state_db;
 mod account;
 mod account_db;
 mod builtin;
--- a/ethcore/src/migrations/account_bloom.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/migrations/account_bloom.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Bloom upgrade
+
+use client::{DB_COL_EXTRA, DB_COL_HEADERS, DB_NO_OF_COLUMNS, DB_COL_STATE, DB_COL_ACCOUNT_BLOOM};
+use state_db::{ACCOUNT_BLOOM_SPACE, DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_PRESET, StateDB, ACCOUNT_BLOOM_HASHCOUNT_KEY};
+use util::trie::TrieDB;
+use views::HeaderView;
+use bloomfilter::Bloom;
+use util::migration::Error;
+use util::journaldb;
+use util::{H256, FixedHash, BytesConvertable};
+use util::{Database, DatabaseConfig, DBTransaction, CompactionProfile};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+fn check_bloom_exists(db: &Database) -> bool {
+	let hash_count_entry = db.get(DB_COL_ACCOUNT_BLOOM, ACCOUNT_BLOOM_HASHCOUNT_KEY)
+		.expect("Low-level database error");
+
+	hash_count_entry.is_some()
+}
+
+/// Account bloom upgrade routine. If bloom already present, does nothing.
+/// If database empty (no best block), does nothing.
+/// Can be called on upgraded database with no issues (will do nothing).
+pub fn upgrade_account_bloom(db_path: &Path) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	let path = try!(db_path.to_str().ok_or(Error::MigrationImpossible));
+	trace!(target: "migration", "Account bloom upgrade at {:?}", db_path);
+
+	let source = try!(Database::open(&DatabaseConfig {
+		max_open_files: 64,
+		cache_size: None,
+		compaction: CompactionProfile::default(),
+		columns: DB_NO_OF_COLUMNS,
+		wal: true,
+	}, path));
+
+	let best_block_hash = match try!(source.get(DB_COL_EXTRA, b"best")) {
+		// no migration needed
+		None => {
+			trace!(target: "migration", "No best block hash, skipping");
+			return Ok(());
+		},
+		Some(hash) => hash,
+	};
+	let best_block_header = match try!(source.get(DB_COL_HEADERS, &best_block_hash)) {
+		// no best block, nothing to do
+		None => {
+			trace!(target: "migration", "No best block header, skipping");
+			return Ok(())
+		},
+		Some(x) => x,
+	};
+	let state_root = HeaderView::new(&best_block_header).state_root();
+
+	if check_bloom_exists(&source) {
+		// bloom already exists, nothing to do
+		trace!(target: "migration", "Bloom already present, skipping");
+		return Ok(())
+	}
+
+	println!("Adding accounts bloom (one-time upgrade)");
+	let db = ::std::sync::Arc::new(source);
+	let bloom_journal = {
+		let mut bloom = Bloom::new(ACCOUNT_BLOOM_SPACE, DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_PRESET);
+		// no difference what algorithm is passed, since there will be no writes
+		let state_db = journaldb::new(
+			db.clone(),
+			journaldb::Algorithm::OverlayRecent,
+			DB_COL_STATE);
+		let account_trie = try!(TrieDB::new(state_db.as_hashdb(), &state_root).map_err(|e| Error::Custom(format!("Cannot open trie: {:?}", e))));
+		for (ref account_key, _) in account_trie.iter() {
+			let account_key_hash = H256::from_slice(&account_key);
+			bloom.set(account_key_hash.as_slice());
+		}
+
+		bloom.drain_journal()
+	};
+
+	trace!(target: "migration", "Generated {} bloom updates", bloom_journal.entries.len());
+
+	let batch = DBTransaction::new(&db);
+	try!(StateDB::commit_bloom(&batch, bloom_journal).map_err(|_| Error::Custom("Failed to commit bloom".to_owned())));
+	try!(db.write(batch));
+
+	trace!(target: "migration", "Finished bloom update");
+
+
+	Ok(())
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/migrations/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/migrations/mod.rs
@@ -23,3 +23,9 @@ pub mod extras;
 mod v9;
 pub use self::v9::ToV9;
 pub use self::v9::Extract;
+
+mod account_bloom;
+pub use self::account_bloom::upgrade_account_bloom;
+
+mod v10;
+pub use self::v10::ToV10;
--- a/ethcore/src/migrations/v10.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/migrations/v10.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! This migration compresses the state db.
+
+use util::migration::SimpleMigration;
+
+/// Compressing migration.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct ToV10;
+
+impl SimpleMigration for ToV10 {
+	fn version(&self) -> u32 {
+		10
+	}
+
+	fn columns(&self) -> Option<u32> { Some(6) }
+
+	fn simple_migrate(&mut self, key: Vec<u8>, value: Vec<u8>) -> Option<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> {
+		Some((key, value))
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/miner/miner.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/miner/miner.rs
@@ -21,15 +21,17 @@ use util::*;
 use util::using_queue::{UsingQueue, GetAction};
 use account_provider::AccountProvider;
 use views::{BlockView, HeaderView};
-use state::State;
+use state::{State, CleanupMode};
 use client::{MiningBlockChainClient, Executive, Executed, EnvInfo, TransactOptions, BlockID, CallAnalytics};
+use executive::contract_address;
 use block::{ClosedBlock, IsBlock, Block};
+use header::BlockNumber;
 use error::*;
-use transaction::SignedTransaction;
-use receipt::Receipt;
+use transaction::{Action, SignedTransaction};
+use receipt::{Receipt, RichReceipt};
 use spec::Spec;
 use engines::Engine;
-use miner::{MinerService, MinerStatus, TransactionQueue, AccountDetails, TransactionOrigin};
+use miner::{MinerService, MinerStatus, TransactionQueue, PrioritizationStrategy, AccountDetails, TransactionOrigin};
 use miner::work_notify::WorkPoster;
 use client::TransactionImportResult;
 use miner::price_info::PriceInfo;
@@ -46,6 +48,17 @@ pub enum PendingSet {
 	SealingOrElseQueue,
 }

+/// Type of the gas limit to apply to the transaction queue.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum GasLimit {
+	/// Depends on the block gas limit and is updated with every block.
+	Auto,
+	/// No limit.
+	None,
+	/// Set to a fixed gas value.
+	Fixed(U256),
+}
+
 /// Configures the behaviour of the miner.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct MinerOptions {
@@ -63,12 +76,16 @@ pub struct MinerOptions {
 	pub tx_gas_limit: U256,
 	/// Maximum size of the transaction queue.
 	pub tx_queue_size: usize,
+	/// Strategy to use for prioritizing transactions in the queue.
+	pub tx_queue_strategy: PrioritizationStrategy,
 	/// Whether we should fallback to providing all the queue's transactions or just pending.
 	pub pending_set: PendingSet,
 	/// How many historical work packages can we store before running out?
 	pub work_queue_size: usize,
 	/// Can we submit two different solutions for the same block and expect both to result in an import?
 	pub enable_resubmission: bool,
+	/// Global gas limit for all transaction in the queue except for local and retracted.
+	pub tx_queue_gas_limit: GasLimit,
 }

 impl Default for MinerOptions {
@@ -79,11 +96,13 @@ impl Default for MinerOptions {
 			reseal_on_external_tx: false,
 			reseal_on_own_tx: true,
 			tx_gas_limit: !U256::zero(),
-			tx_queue_size: 1024,
+			tx_queue_size: 2048,
+			tx_queue_strategy: PrioritizationStrategy::GasFactorAndGasPrice,
 			pending_set: PendingSet::AlwaysQueue,
 			reseal_min_period: Duration::from_secs(2),
-			work_queue_size: 20,
+			work_queue_size: 5,
 			enable_resubmission: true,
+			tx_queue_gas_limit: GasLimit::Auto,
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -168,12 +187,11 @@ pub struct Miner {
 	// NOTE [ToDr]  When locking always lock in this order!
 	transaction_queue: Arc<Mutex<TransactionQueue>>,
 	sealing_work: Mutex<SealingWork>,
-
+	next_allowed_reseal: Mutex<Instant>,
+	sealing_block_last_request: Mutex<u64>,
 	// for sealing...
 	options: MinerOptions,

-	next_allowed_reseal: Mutex<Instant>,
-	sealing_block_last_request: Mutex<u64>,
 	gas_range_target: RwLock<(U256, U256)>,
 	author: RwLock<Address>,
 	extra_data: RwLock<Bytes>,
@@ -188,7 +206,7 @@ impl Miner {
 	/// Creates new instance of miner without accounts, but with given spec.
 	pub fn with_spec(spec: &Spec) -> Miner {
 		Miner {
-			transaction_queue: Arc::new(Mutex::new(TransactionQueue::new())),
+			transaction_queue: Arc::new(Mutex::new(TransactionQueue::default())),
 			options: Default::default(),
 			next_allowed_reseal: Mutex::new(Instant::now()),
 			sealing_block_last_request: Mutex::new(0),
@@ -206,7 +224,13 @@ impl Miner {
 	/// Creates new instance of miner
 	pub fn new(options: MinerOptions, gas_pricer: GasPricer, spec: &Spec, accounts: Option<Arc<AccountProvider>>) -> Arc<Miner> {
 		let work_poster = if !options.new_work_notify.is_empty() { Some(WorkPoster::new(&options.new_work_notify)) } else { None };
-		let txq = Arc::new(Mutex::new(TransactionQueue::with_limits(options.tx_queue_size, options.tx_gas_limit)));
+		let gas_limit = match options.tx_queue_gas_limit {
+			GasLimit::Fixed(ref limit) => *limit,
+			_ => !U256::zero(),
+		};
+		let txq = Arc::new(Mutex::new(TransactionQueue::with_limits(
+			options.tx_queue_strategy, options.tx_queue_size, gas_limit, options.tx_gas_limit
+		)));
 		Arc::new(Miner {
 			transaction_queue: txq,
 			next_allowed_reseal: Mutex::new(Instant::now()),
@@ -243,6 +267,7 @@ impl Miner {
 	fn prepare_sealing(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient) {
 		trace!(target: "miner", "prepare_sealing: entering");

+		let _timer = PerfTimer::new("prepare_sealing");
 		{
 			trace!(target: "miner", "recalibrating...");
 			let txq = self.transaction_queue.clone();
@@ -253,6 +278,7 @@ impl Miner {
 			trace!(target: "miner", "done recalibration.");
 		}

+		let _timer = PerfTimer::new("prepare_block");
 		let (transactions, mut open_block, original_work_hash) = {
 			let transactions = {self.transaction_queue.lock().top_transactions()};
 			let mut sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
@@ -286,13 +312,20 @@ impl Miner {
 		};

 		let mut invalid_transactions = HashSet::new();
+		let mut transactions_to_penalize = HashSet::new();
 		let block_number = open_block.block().fields().header.number();
 		// TODO: push new uncles, too.
 		for tx in transactions {
 			let hash = tx.hash();
 			match open_block.push_transaction(tx, None) {
-				Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::BlockGasLimitReached { gas_limit, gas_used, .. })) => {
-					debug!(target: "miner", "Skipping adding transaction to block because of gas limit: {:?}", hash);
+				Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::BlockGasLimitReached { gas_limit, gas_used, gas })) => {
+					debug!(target: "miner", "Skipping adding transaction to block because of gas limit: {:?} (limit: {:?}, used: {:?}, gas: {:?})", hash, gas_limit, gas_used, gas);
+
+					// Penalize transaction if it's above current gas limit
+					if gas > gas_limit {
+						transactions_to_penalize.insert(hash);
+					}
+
 					// Exit early if gas left is smaller then min_tx_gas
 					let min_tx_gas: U256 = 21000.into();	// TODO: figure this out properly.
 					if gas_limit - gas_used < min_tx_gas {
@@ -301,8 +334,8 @@ impl Miner {
 				},
 				// Invalid nonce error can happen only if previous transaction is skipped because of gas limit.
 				// If there is errornous state of transaction queue it will be fixed when next block is imported.
-				Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::InvalidNonce { .. })) => {
-					debug!(target: "miner", "Skipping adding transaction to block because of invalid nonce: {:?}", hash);
+				Err(Error::Execution(ExecutionError::InvalidNonce { expected, got })) => {
+					debug!(target: "miner", "Skipping adding transaction to block because of invalid nonce: {:?} (expected: {:?}, got: {:?})", hash, expected, got);
 				},
 				// already have transaction - ignore
 				Err(Error::Transaction(TransactionError::AlreadyImported)) => {},
@@ -328,6 +361,9 @@ impl Miner {
 			for hash in invalid_transactions.into_iter() {
 				queue.remove_invalid(&hash, &fetch_account);
 			}
+			for hash in transactions_to_penalize {
+				queue.penalize(&hash);
+			}
 		}

 		if !block.transactions().is_empty() {
@@ -385,6 +421,10 @@ impl Miner {
 		let gas_limit = HeaderView::new(&chain.best_block_header()).gas_limit();
 		let mut queue = self.transaction_queue.lock();
 		queue.set_gas_limit(gas_limit);
+		if let GasLimit::Auto = self.options.tx_queue_gas_limit {
+			// Set total tx queue gas limit to be 20x the block gas limit.
+			queue.set_total_gas_limit(gas_limit * 20.into());
+		}
 	}

 	/// Returns true if we had to prepare new pending block
@@ -434,6 +474,21 @@ impl Miner {

 	/// Are we allowed to do a non-mandatory reseal?
 	fn tx_reseal_allowed(&self) -> bool { Instant::now() > *self.next_allowed_reseal.lock() }
+
+	fn from_pending_block<H, F, G>(&self, latest_block_number: BlockNumber, from_chain: F, map_block: G) -> H
+		where F: Fn() -> H, G: Fn(&ClosedBlock) -> H {
+		let sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
+		sealing_work.queue.peek_last_ref().map_or_else(
+			|| from_chain(),
+			|b| {
+				if b.block().header().number() > latest_block_number {
+					map_block(b)
+				} else {
+					from_chain()
+				}
+			}
+		)
+	}
 }

 const SEALING_TIMEOUT_IN_BLOCKS : u64 = 5;
@@ -489,7 +544,7 @@ impl MinerService for Miner {
 				let needed_balance = t.value + t.gas * t.gas_price;
 				if balance < needed_balance {
 					// give the sender a sufficient balance
-					state.add_balance(&sender, &(needed_balance - balance));
+					state.add_balance(&sender, &(needed_balance - balance), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
 				}
 				let options = TransactOptions { tracing: analytics.transaction_tracing, vm_tracing: analytics.vm_tracing, check_nonce: false };
 				let mut ret = try!(Executive::new(&mut state, &env_info, &*self.engine, chain.vm_factory()).transact(t, options));
@@ -506,29 +561,35 @@ impl MinerService for Miner {
 	}

 	fn balance(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address) -> U256 {
-		let sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
-		sealing_work.queue.peek_last_ref().map_or_else(
+		self.from_pending_block(
+			chain.chain_info().best_block_number,
 			|| chain.latest_balance(address),
 			|b| b.block().fields().state.balance(address)
 		)
 	}

 	fn storage_at(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address, position: &H256) -> H256 {
-		let sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
-		sealing_work.queue.peek_last_ref().map_or_else(
+		self.from_pending_block(
+			chain.chain_info().best_block_number,
 			|| chain.latest_storage_at(address, position),
 			|b| b.block().fields().state.storage_at(address, position)
 		)
 	}

 	fn nonce(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address) -> U256 {
-		let sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
-		sealing_work.queue.peek_last_ref().map_or_else(|| chain.latest_nonce(address), |b| b.block().fields().state.nonce(address))
+		self.from_pending_block(
+			chain.chain_info().best_block_number,
+			|| chain.latest_nonce(address),
+			|b| b.block().fields().state.nonce(address)
+		)
 	}

 	fn code(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient, address: &Address) -> Option<Bytes> {
-		let sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
-		sealing_work.queue.peek_last_ref().map_or_else(|| chain.code(address), |b| b.block().fields().state.code(address))
+		self.from_pending_block(
+			chain.chain_info().best_block_number,
+			|| chain.latest_code(address),
+			|b| b.block().fields().state.code(address).map(|c| (*c).clone())
+		)
 	}

 	fn set_author(&self, author: Address) {
@@ -673,50 +734,103 @@ impl MinerService for Miner {
 		queue.top_transactions()
 	}

-	fn pending_transactions(&self) -> Vec<SignedTransaction> {
+	fn pending_transactions(&self, best_block: BlockNumber) -> Vec<SignedTransaction> {
 		let queue = self.transaction_queue.lock();
-		let sw = self.sealing_work.lock();
-		// TODO: should only use the sealing_work when it's current (it could be an old block)
-		let sealing_set = match sw.enabled {
-			true => sw.queue.peek_last_ref(),
-			false => None,
-		};
-		match (&self.options.pending_set, sealing_set) {
-			(&PendingSet::AlwaysQueue, _) | (&PendingSet::SealingOrElseQueue, None) => queue.top_transactions(),
-			(_, sealing) => sealing.map_or_else(Vec::new, |s| s.transactions().to_owned()),
+		match self.options.pending_set {
+			PendingSet::AlwaysQueue => queue.top_transactions(),
+			PendingSet::SealingOrElseQueue => {
+				self.from_pending_block(
+					best_block,
+					|| queue.top_transactions(),
+					|sealing| sealing.transactions().to_owned()
+				)
+			},
+			PendingSet::AlwaysSealing => {
+				self.from_pending_block(
+					best_block,
+					|| vec![],
+					|sealing| sealing.transactions().to_owned()
+				)
+			},
 		}
 	}

-	fn pending_transactions_hashes(&self) -> Vec<H256> {
+	fn pending_transactions_hashes(&self, best_block: BlockNumber) -> Vec<H256> {
 		let queue = self.transaction_queue.lock();
-		let sw = self.sealing_work.lock();
-		let sealing_set = match sw.enabled {
-			true => sw.queue.peek_last_ref(),
-			false => None,
-		};
-		match (&self.options.pending_set, sealing_set) {
-			(&PendingSet::AlwaysQueue, _) | (&PendingSet::SealingOrElseQueue, None) => queue.pending_hashes(),
-			(_, sealing) => sealing.map_or_else(Vec::new, |s| s.transactions().iter().map(|t| t.hash()).collect()),
+		match self.options.pending_set {
+			PendingSet::AlwaysQueue => queue.pending_hashes(),
+			PendingSet::SealingOrElseQueue => {
+				self.from_pending_block(
+					best_block,
+					|| queue.pending_hashes(),
+					|sealing| sealing.transactions().iter().map(|t| t.hash()).collect()
+				)
+			},
+			PendingSet::AlwaysSealing => {
+				self.from_pending_block(
+					best_block,
+					|| vec![],
+					|sealing| sealing.transactions().iter().map(|t| t.hash()).collect()
+				)
+			},
 		}
 	}

-	fn transaction(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<SignedTransaction> {
+	fn transaction(&self, best_block: BlockNumber, hash: &H256) -> Option<SignedTransaction> {
 		let queue = self.transaction_queue.lock();
-		let sw = self.sealing_work.lock();
-		let sealing_set = match sw.enabled {
-			true => sw.queue.peek_last_ref(),
-			false => None,
-		};
-		match (&self.options.pending_set, sealing_set) {
-			(&PendingSet::AlwaysQueue, _) | (&PendingSet::SealingOrElseQueue, None) => queue.find(hash),
-			(_, sealing) => sealing.and_then(|s| s.transactions().iter().find(|t| &t.hash() == hash).cloned()),
+		match self.options.pending_set {
+			PendingSet::AlwaysQueue => queue.find(hash),
+			PendingSet::SealingOrElseQueue => {
+				self.from_pending_block(
+					best_block,
+					|| queue.find(hash),
+					|sealing| sealing.transactions().iter().find(|t| &t.hash() == hash).cloned()
+				)
+			},
+			PendingSet::AlwaysSealing => {
+				self.from_pending_block(
+					best_block,
+					|| None,
+					|sealing| sealing.transactions().iter().find(|t| &t.hash() == hash).cloned()
+				)
+			},
 		}
 	}

-	fn pending_receipts(&self) -> BTreeMap<H256, Receipt> {
-		let sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
-		match (sealing_work.enabled, sealing_work.queue.peek_last_ref()) {
-			(true, Some(pending)) => {
+	fn pending_receipt(&self, best_block: BlockNumber, hash: &H256) -> Option<RichReceipt> {
+		self.from_pending_block(
+			best_block,
+			|| None,
+			|pending| {
+				let txs = pending.transactions();
+				txs.iter()
+					.map(|t| t.hash())
+					.position(|t| t == *hash)
+					.map(|index| {
+						let prev_gas = if index == 0 { Default::default() } else { pending.receipts()[index - 1].gas_used };
+						let ref tx = txs[index];
+						let ref receipt = pending.receipts()[index];
+						RichReceipt {
+							transaction_hash: hash.clone(),
+							transaction_index: index,
+							cumulative_gas_used: receipt.gas_used,
+							gas_used: receipt.gas_used - prev_gas,
+							contract_address: match tx.action {
+								Action::Call(_) => None,
+								Action::Create => Some(contract_address(&tx.sender().unwrap(), &tx.nonce)),
+							},
+							logs: receipt.logs.clone(),
+						}
+					})
+			}
+		)
+	}
+
+	fn pending_receipts(&self, best_block: BlockNumber) -> BTreeMap<H256, Receipt> {
+		self.from_pending_block(
+			best_block,
+			|| BTreeMap::new(),
+			|pending| {
 				let hashes = pending.transactions()
 					.iter()
 					.map(|t| t.hash());
@@ -724,9 +838,8 @@ impl MinerService for Miner {
 				let receipts = pending.receipts().iter().cloned();

 				hashes.zip(receipts).collect()
-			},
-			_ => BTreeMap::new()
-		}
+			}
+		)
 	}

 	fn last_nonce(&self, address: &Address) -> Option<U256> {
@@ -736,11 +849,11 @@ impl MinerService for Miner {
 	fn update_sealing(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient) {
 		trace!(target: "miner", "update_sealing");
 		let requires_reseal = {
+			let has_local_transactions = self.transaction_queue.lock().has_local_pending_transactions();
 			let mut sealing_work = self.sealing_work.lock();
 			if sealing_work.enabled {
 				trace!(target: "miner", "update_sealing: sealing enabled");
 				let current_no = chain.chain_info().best_block_number;
-				let has_local_transactions = self.transaction_queue.lock().has_local_pending_transactions();
 				let last_request = *self.sealing_block_last_request.lock();
 				let should_disable_sealing = !self.forced_sealing()
 					&& !has_local_transactions
@@ -840,7 +953,7 @@ impl MinerService for Miner {
 			out_of_chain.for_each(|txs| {
 				let mut transaction_queue = self.transaction_queue.lock();
 				let _ = self.add_transactions_to_queue(
-					chain, txs, TransactionOrigin::External, &mut transaction_queue
+					chain, txs, TransactionOrigin::RetractedBlock, &mut transaction_queue
 				);
 			});
 		}
@@ -879,7 +992,7 @@ impl MinerService for Miner {
 mod tests {

 	use std::time::Duration;
-	use super::super::MinerService;
+	use super::super::{MinerService, PrioritizationStrategy};
 	use super::*;
 	use util::*;
 	use client::{TestBlockChainClient, EachBlockWith};
@@ -930,6 +1043,8 @@ mod tests {
 				reseal_min_period: Duration::from_secs(5),
 				tx_gas_limit: !U256::zero(),
 				tx_queue_size: 1024,
+				tx_queue_strategy: PrioritizationStrategy::GasFactorAndGasPrice,
+				tx_queue_gas_limit: GasLimit::None,
 				pending_set: PendingSet::AlwaysSealing,
 				work_queue_size: 5,
 				enable_resubmission: true,
@@ -954,22 +1069,50 @@ mod tests {
 				gas: U256::from(100_000),
 				gas_price: U256::zero(),
 				nonce: U256::zero(),
-			}.sign(keypair.secret())
+			}.sign(keypair.secret(), None)
 		};
-
+		let best_block = 0;
 		// when
 		let res = miner.import_own_transaction(&client, transaction);

 		// then
 		assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), TransactionImportResult::Current);
 		assert_eq!(miner.all_transactions().len(), 1);
-		assert_eq!(miner.pending_transactions().len(), 1);
-		assert_eq!(miner.pending_transactions_hashes().len(), 1);
-		assert_eq!(miner.pending_receipts().len(), 1);
+		assert_eq!(miner.pending_transactions(best_block).len(), 1);
+		assert_eq!(miner.pending_transactions_hashes(best_block).len(), 1);
+		assert_eq!(miner.pending_receipts(best_block).len(), 1);
 		// This method will let us know if pending block was created (before calling that method)
 		assert_eq!(miner.enable_and_prepare_sealing(&client), false);
 	}

+	#[test]
+	fn should_not_use_pending_block_if_best_block_is_higher() {
+		// given
+		let client = TestBlockChainClient::default();
+		let miner = miner();
+		let transaction = {
+			let keypair = KeyPair::create().unwrap();
+			Transaction {
+				action: Action::Create,
+				value: U256::zero(),
+				data: "3331600055".from_hex().unwrap(),
+				gas: U256::from(100_000),
+				gas_price: U256::zero(),
+				nonce: U256::zero(),
+			}.sign(keypair.secret(), None)
+		};
+		let best_block = 10;
+		// when
+		let res = miner.import_own_transaction(&client, transaction);
+
+		// then
+		assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), TransactionImportResult::Current);
+		assert_eq!(miner.all_transactions().len(), 1);
+		assert_eq!(miner.pending_transactions(best_block).len(), 0);
+		assert_eq!(miner.pending_transactions_hashes(best_block).len(), 0);
+		assert_eq!(miner.pending_receipts(best_block).len(), 0);
+	}
+
 	#[test]
 	fn should_import_external_transaction() {
 		// given
@@ -984,18 +1127,18 @@ mod tests {
 				gas: U256::from(100_000),
 				gas_price: U256::zero(),
 				nonce: U256::zero(),
-			}.sign(keypair.secret())
+			}.sign(keypair.secret(), None)
 		};
-
+		let best_block = 0;
 		// when
 		let res = miner.import_external_transactions(&client, vec![transaction]).pop().unwrap();

 		// then
 		assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), TransactionImportResult::Current);
 		assert_eq!(miner.all_transactions().len(), 1);
-		assert_eq!(miner.pending_transactions_hashes().len(), 0);
-		assert_eq!(miner.pending_transactions().len(), 0);
-		assert_eq!(miner.pending_receipts().len(), 0);
+		assert_eq!(miner.pending_transactions_hashes(best_block).len(), 0);
+		assert_eq!(miner.pending_transactions(best_block).len(), 0);
+		assert_eq!(miner.pending_receipts(best_block).len(), 0);
 		// This method will let us know if pending block was created (before calling that method)
 		assert_eq!(miner.enable_and_prepare_sealing(&client), true);
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/miner/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/miner/mod.rs
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ mod transaction_queue;
 mod work_notify;
 mod price_info;

-pub use self::transaction_queue::{TransactionQueue, AccountDetails, TransactionOrigin};
-pub use self::miner::{Miner, MinerOptions, PendingSet, GasPricer, GasPriceCalibratorOptions};
+pub use self::transaction_queue::{TransactionQueue, PrioritizationStrategy, AccountDetails, TransactionOrigin};
+pub use self::miner::{Miner, MinerOptions, PendingSet, GasPricer, GasPriceCalibratorOptions, GasLimit};
 pub use self::external::{ExternalMiner, ExternalMinerService};
 pub use client::TransactionImportResult;

@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use util::{H256, U256, Address, Bytes};
 use client::{MiningBlockChainClient, Executed, CallAnalytics};
 use block::ClosedBlock;
-use receipt::Receipt;
+use header::BlockNumber;
+use receipt::{RichReceipt, Receipt};
 use error::{Error, CallError};
 use transaction::SignedTransaction;

@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ pub trait MinerService : Send + Sync {
 		Result<TransactionImportResult, Error>;

 	/// Returns hashes of transactions currently in pending
-	fn pending_transactions_hashes(&self) -> Vec<H256>;
+	fn pending_transactions_hashes(&self, best_block: BlockNumber) -> Vec<H256>;

 	/// Removes all transactions from the queue and restart mining operation.
 	fn clear_and_reset(&self, chain: &MiningBlockChainClient);
@@ -135,16 +136,19 @@ pub trait MinerService : Send + Sync {
 		where F: FnOnce(&ClosedBlock) -> T, Self: Sized;

 	/// Query pending transactions for hash.
-	fn transaction(&self, hash: &H256) -> Option<SignedTransaction>;
+	fn transaction(&self, best_block: BlockNumber, hash: &H256) -> Option<SignedTransaction>;

 	/// Get a list of all transactions.
 	fn all_transactions(&self) -> Vec<SignedTransaction>;

 	/// Get a list of all pending transactions.
-	fn pending_transactions(&self) -> Vec<SignedTransaction>;
+	fn pending_transactions(&self, best_block: BlockNumber) -> Vec<SignedTransaction>;

 	/// Get a list of all pending receipts.
-	fn pending_receipts(&self) -> BTreeMap<H256, Receipt>;
+	fn pending_receipts(&self, best_block: BlockNumber) -> BTreeMap<H256, Receipt>;
+
+	/// Get a particular reciept.
+	fn pending_receipt(&self, best_block: BlockNumber, hash: &H256) -> Option<RichReceipt>;

 	/// Returns highest transaction nonce for given address.
 	fn last_nonce(&self, address: &Address) -> Option<U256>;
--- a/ethcore/src/miner/transaction_queue.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/miner/transaction_queue.rs
--- a/ethcore/src/pod_account.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/pod_account.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl PodAccount {
 		PodAccount {
 			balance: *acc.balance(),
 			nonce: *acc.nonce(),
-			storage: acc.storage_overlay().iter().fold(BTreeMap::new(), |mut m, (k, &(_, ref v))| {m.insert(k.clone(), v.clone()); m}),
+			storage: acc.storage_changes().iter().fold(BTreeMap::new(), |mut m, (k, v)| {m.insert(k.clone(), v.clone()); m}),
 			code: acc.code().map(|x| x.to_vec()),
 		}
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/account.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/account.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl Account {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	use account_db::{AccountDB, AccountDBMut};
-	use tests::helpers::get_temp_journal_db;
+	use tests::helpers::get_temp_state_db;
 	use snapshot::tests::helpers::fill_storage;

 	use util::{SHA3_NULL_RLP, SHA3_EMPTY};
@@ -154,8 +154,7 @@ mod tests {

 	#[test]
 	fn encoding_basic() {
-		let mut db = get_temp_journal_db();
-		let mut db = &mut **db;
+		let mut db = get_temp_state_db();
 		let addr = Address::random();

 		let account = Account {
@@ -175,8 +174,7 @@ mod tests {

 	#[test]
 	fn encoding_storage() {
-		let mut db = get_temp_journal_db();
-		let mut db = &mut **db;
+		let mut db = get_temp_state_db();
 		let addr = Address::random();

 		let account = {
@@ -198,4 +196,4 @@ mod tests {
 		let fat_rlp = UntrustedRlp::new(&fat_rlp);
 		assert_eq!(Account::from_fat_rlp(&mut AccountDBMut::new(db.as_hashdb_mut(), &addr), fat_rlp).unwrap(), account);
 	}
-}
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/error.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/error.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@

 use std::fmt;

+use ids::BlockID;
+
 use util::H256;
 use util::trie::TrieError;
 use util::rlp::DecoderError;
@@ -26,9 +28,13 @@ use util::rlp::DecoderError;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum Error {
 	/// Invalid starting block for snapshot.
-	InvalidStartingBlock(H256),
+	InvalidStartingBlock(BlockID),
 	/// Block not found.
 	BlockNotFound(H256),
+	/// Incomplete chain.
+	IncompleteChain,
+	/// Old starting block in a pruned database.
+	OldBlockPrunedDB,
 	/// Trie error.
 	Trie(TrieError),
 	/// Decoder error.
@@ -40,8 +46,11 @@ pub enum Error {
 impl fmt::Display for Error {
 	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
 		match *self {
-			Error::InvalidStartingBlock(ref hash) => write!(f, "Invalid starting block hash: {}", hash),
+			Error::InvalidStartingBlock(ref id) => write!(f, "Invalid starting block: {:?}", id),
 			Error::BlockNotFound(ref hash) => write!(f, "Block not found in chain: {}", hash),
+			Error::IncompleteChain => write!(f, "Cannot create snapshot due to incomplete chain."),
+			Error::OldBlockPrunedDB => write!(f, "Attempted to create a snapshot at an old block while using \
+				a pruned database. Please re-run with the --pruning archive flag."),
 			Error::Io(ref err) => err.fmt(f),
 			Error::Decoder(ref err) => err.fmt(f),
 			Error::Trie(ref err) => err.fmt(f),
@@ -55,9 +64,9 @@ impl From<::std::io::Error> for Error {
 	}
 }

-impl From<Box<TrieError>> for Error {
-	fn from(err: Box<TrieError>) -> Self {
-		Error::Trie(*err)
+impl From<TrieError> for Error {
+	fn from(err: TrieError) -> Self {
+		Error::Trie(err)
 	}
 }

@@ -65,4 +74,10 @@ impl From<DecoderError> for Error {
 	fn from(err: DecoderError) -> Self {
 		Error::Decoder(err)
 	}
-}
+}
+
+impl<E> From<Box<E>> for Error where Error: From<E> {
+	fn from(err: Box<E>) -> Self {
+		Error::from(*err)
+	}
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/mod.rs
@@ -18,13 +18,16 @@

 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering};

 use account_db::{AccountDB, AccountDBMut};
 use blockchain::{BlockChain, BlockProvider};
 use engines::Engine;
+use ids::BlockID;
 use views::BlockView;
+use super::state_db::StateDB;

-use util::{Bytes, Hashable, HashDB, snappy, TrieDB, TrieDBMut, TrieMut};
+use util::{Bytes, Hashable, HashDB, snappy, TrieDB, TrieDBMut, TrieMut, BytesConvertable, U256, Uint};
 use util::Mutex;
 use util::hash::{FixedHash, H256};
 use util::journaldb::{self, Algorithm, JournalDB};
@@ -36,6 +39,8 @@ use self::account::Account;
 use self::block::AbridgedBlock;
 use self::io::SnapshotWriter;

+use super::account::Account as StateAccount;
+
 use crossbeam::{scope, ScopedJoinHandle};
 use rand::{Rng, OsRng};

@@ -58,9 +63,39 @@ const PREFERRED_CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
 // How many blocks to include in a snapshot, starting from the head of the chain.
 const SNAPSHOT_BLOCKS: u64 = 30000;

+/// A progress indicator for snapshots.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct Progress {
+	accounts: AtomicUsize,
+	blocks: AtomicUsize,
+	size: AtomicUsize, // Todo [rob] use Atomicu64 when it stabilizes.
+	done: AtomicBool,
+}
+
+impl Progress {
+	/// Get the number of accounts snapshotted thus far.
+	pub fn accounts(&self) -> usize { self.accounts.load(Ordering::Relaxed) }
+
+	/// Get the number of blocks snapshotted thus far.
+	pub fn blocks(&self) -> usize { self.blocks.load(Ordering::Relaxed) }
+
+	/// Get the written size of the snapshot in bytes.
+	pub fn size(&self) -> usize { self.size.load(Ordering::Relaxed) }
+
+	/// Whether the snapshot is complete.
+	pub fn done(&self) -> bool  { self.done.load(Ordering::SeqCst) }
+
+}
 /// Take a snapshot using the given blockchain, starting block hash, and database, writing into the given writer.
-pub fn take_snapshot<W: SnapshotWriter + Send>(chain: &BlockChain, start_block_hash: H256, state_db: &HashDB, writer: W) -> Result<(), Error> {
-	let start_header = try!(chain.block_header(&start_block_hash).ok_or(Error::InvalidStartingBlock(start_block_hash)));
+pub fn take_snapshot<W: SnapshotWriter + Send>(
+	chain: &BlockChain,
+	block_at: H256,
+	state_db: &HashDB,
+	writer: W,
+	p: &Progress
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	let start_header = try!(chain.block_header(&block_at)
+		.ok_or(Error::InvalidStartingBlock(BlockID::Hash(block_at))));
 	let state_root = start_header.state_root();
 	let number = start_header.number();

@@ -68,8 +103,8 @@ pub fn take_snapshot<W: SnapshotWriter + Send>(chain: &BlockChain, start_block_h

 	let writer = Mutex::new(writer);
 	let (state_hashes, block_hashes) = try!(scope(|scope| {
-		let block_guard = scope.spawn(|| chunk_blocks(chain, (number, start_block_hash), &writer));
-		let state_res = chunk_state(state_db, state_root, &writer);
+		let block_guard = scope.spawn(|| chunk_blocks(chain, (number, block_at), &writer, p));
+		let state_res = chunk_state(state_db, state_root, &writer, p);

 		state_res.and_then(|state_hashes| {
 			block_guard.join().map(|block_hashes| (state_hashes, block_hashes))
@@ -83,11 +118,13 @@ pub fn take_snapshot<W: SnapshotWriter + Send>(chain: &BlockChain, start_block_h
 		block_hashes: block_hashes,
 		state_root: *state_root,
 		block_number: number,
-		block_hash: start_block_hash,
+		block_hash: block_at,
 	};

 	try!(writer.into_inner().finish(manifest_data));

+	p.done.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
 	Ok(())
 }

@@ -100,6 +137,7 @@ struct BlockChunker<'a> {
 	hashes: Vec<H256>,
 	snappy_buffer: Vec<u8>,
 	writer: &'a Mutex<SnapshotWriter + 'a>,
+	progress: &'a Progress,
 }

 impl<'a> BlockChunker<'a> {
@@ -162,7 +200,8 @@ impl<'a> BlockChunker<'a> {

 		let parent_total_difficulty = parent_details.total_difficulty;

-		let mut rlp_stream = RlpStream::new_list(3 + self.rlps.len());
+		let num_entries = self.rlps.len();
+		let mut rlp_stream = RlpStream::new_list(3 + num_entries);
 		rlp_stream.append(&parent_number).append(&parent_hash).append(&parent_total_difficulty);

 		for pair in self.rlps.drain(..) {
@@ -178,6 +217,9 @@ impl<'a> BlockChunker<'a> {
 		try!(self.writer.lock().write_block_chunk(hash, compressed));
 		trace!(target: "snapshot", "wrote block chunk. hash: {}, size: {}, uncompressed size: {}", hash.hex(), size, raw_data.len());

+		self.progress.size.fetch_add(size, Ordering::SeqCst);
+		self.progress.blocks.fetch_add(num_entries, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
 		self.hashes.push(hash);
 		Ok(())
 	}
@@ -189,7 +231,7 @@ impl<'a> BlockChunker<'a> {
 /// The path parameter is the directory to store the block chunks in.
 /// This function assumes the directory exists already.
 /// Returns a list of chunk hashes, with the first having the blocks furthest from the genesis.
-pub fn chunk_blocks<'a>(chain: &'a BlockChain, start_block_info: (u64, H256), writer: &Mutex<SnapshotWriter + 'a>) -> Result<Vec<H256>, Error> {
+pub fn chunk_blocks<'a>(chain: &'a BlockChain, start_block_info: (u64, H256), writer: &Mutex<SnapshotWriter + 'a>, progress: &'a Progress) -> Result<Vec<H256>, Error> {
 	let (start_number, start_hash) = start_block_info;

 	let first_hash = if start_number < SNAPSHOT_BLOCKS {
@@ -197,8 +239,7 @@ pub fn chunk_blocks<'a>(chain: &'a BlockChain, start_block_info: (u64, H256), wr
 		chain.genesis_hash()
 	} else {
 		let first_num = start_number - SNAPSHOT_BLOCKS;
-		chain.block_hash(first_num)
-			.expect("number before best block number; whole chain is stored; qed")
+		try!(chain.block_hash(first_num).ok_or(Error::IncompleteChain))
 	};

 	let mut chunker = BlockChunker {
@@ -208,6 +249,7 @@ pub fn chunk_blocks<'a>(chain: &'a BlockChain, start_block_info: (u64, H256), wr
 		hashes: Vec::new(),
 		snappy_buffer: vec![0; snappy::max_compressed_len(PREFERRED_CHUNK_SIZE)],
 		writer: writer,
+		progress: progress,
 	};

 	try!(chunker.chunk_all(first_hash));
@@ -222,6 +264,7 @@ struct StateChunker<'a> {
 	cur_size: usize,
 	snappy_buffer: Vec<u8>,
 	writer: &'a Mutex<SnapshotWriter + 'a>,
+	progress: &'a Progress,
 }

 impl<'a> StateChunker<'a> {
@@ -249,7 +292,8 @@ impl<'a> StateChunker<'a> {
 	// Write out the buffer to disk, pushing the created chunk's hash to
 	// the list.
 	fn write_chunk(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
-		let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(self.rlps.len());
+		let num_entries = self.rlps.len();
+		let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(num_entries);
 		for rlp in self.rlps.drain(..) {
 			stream.append_raw(&rlp, 1);
 		}
@@ -263,6 +307,9 @@ impl<'a> StateChunker<'a> {
 		try!(self.writer.lock().write_state_chunk(hash, compressed));
 		trace!(target: "snapshot", "wrote state chunk. size: {}, uncompressed size: {}", compressed_size, raw_data.len());

+		self.progress.accounts.fetch_add(num_entries, Ordering::SeqCst);
+		self.progress.size.fetch_add(compressed_size, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
 		self.hashes.push(hash);
 		self.cur_size = 0;

@@ -275,7 +322,7 @@ impl<'a> StateChunker<'a> {
 ///
 /// Returns a list of hashes of chunks created, or any error it may
 /// have encountered.
-pub fn chunk_state<'a>(db: &HashDB, root: &H256, writer: &Mutex<SnapshotWriter + 'a>) -> Result<Vec<H256>, Error> {
+pub fn chunk_state<'a>(db: &HashDB, root: &H256, writer: &Mutex<SnapshotWriter + 'a>, progress: &'a Progress) -> Result<Vec<H256>, Error> {
 	let account_trie = try!(TrieDB::new(db, &root));

 	let mut chunker = StateChunker {
@@ -284,10 +331,9 @@ pub fn chunk_state<'a>(db: &HashDB, root: &H256, writer: &Mutex<SnapshotWriter +
 		cur_size: 0,
 		snappy_buffer: vec![0; snappy::max_compressed_len(PREFERRED_CHUNK_SIZE)],
 		writer: writer,
+		progress: progress,
 	};

-	trace!(target: "snapshot", "beginning state chunking");
-
 	// account_key here is the address' hash.
 	for (account_key, account_data) in account_trie.iter() {
 		let account = Account::from_thin_rlp(account_data);
@@ -373,6 +419,7 @@ impl StateRebuilder {
 	/// Feed an uncompressed state chunk into the rebuilder.
 	pub fn feed(&mut self, chunk: &[u8]) -> Result<(), ::error::Error> {
 		let rlp = UntrustedRlp::new(chunk);
+		let empty_rlp = StateAccount::new_basic(U256::zero(), U256::zero()).rlp();
 		let account_fat_rlps: Vec<_> = rlp.iter().map(|r| r.as_raw()).collect();
 		let mut pairs = Vec::with_capacity(rlp.item_count());
 		let backing = self.db.backing().clone();
@@ -383,6 +430,7 @@ impl StateRebuilder {
 		let chunk_size = account_fat_rlps.len() / ::num_cpus::get() + 1;

 		// build account tries in parallel.
+		// Todo [rob] keep a thread pool around so we don't do this per-chunk.
 		try!(scope(|scope| {
 			let mut handles = Vec::new();
 			for (account_chunk, out_pairs_chunk) in account_fat_rlps.chunks(chunk_size).zip(pairs.chunks_mut(chunk_size)) {
@@ -409,7 +457,7 @@ impl StateRebuilder {
 			Ok::<_, ::error::Error>(())
 		}));

-
+		let mut bloom = StateDB::load_bloom(&backing);
 		// batch trie writes
 		{
 			let mut account_trie = if self.state_root != SHA3_NULL_RLP {
@@ -419,11 +467,16 @@ impl StateRebuilder {
 			};

 			for (hash, thin_rlp) in pairs {
+				if &thin_rlp[..] != &empty_rlp[..] {
+					bloom.set(hash.as_slice());
+				}
 				try!(account_trie.insert(&hash, &thin_rlp));
 			}
 		}

+		let bloom_journal = bloom.drain_journal();
 		let batch = backing.transaction();
+		try!(StateDB::commit_bloom(&batch, bloom_journal));
 		try!(self.db.inject(&batch));
 		try!(backing.write(batch).map_err(::util::UtilError::SimpleString));
 		trace!(target: "snapshot", "current state root: {:?}", self.state_root);
@@ -456,12 +509,12 @@ fn rebuild_account_trie(db: &mut HashDB, account_chunk: &[&[u8]], out_chunk: &mu
 	Ok(())
 }

-/// Proportion of blocks which we will verify PoW for.
+/// Proportion of blocks which we will verify `PoW` for.
 const POW_VERIFY_RATE: f32 = 0.02;

 /// Rebuilds the blockchain from chunks.
 ///
-/// Does basic verification for all blocks, but PoW verification for some.
+/// Does basic verification for all blocks, but `PoW` verification for some.
 /// Blocks must be fed in-order.
 ///
 /// The first block in every chunk is disconnected from the last block in the
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/service.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/service.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl Restoration {
 	fn new(manifest: &ManifestData, pruning: Algorithm, path: &Path, gb: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
 		let cfg = DatabaseConfig::with_columns(::client::DB_NO_OF_COLUMNS);
 		let raw_db = Arc::new(try!(Database::open(&cfg, &*path.to_string_lossy())
-			.map_err(|s| UtilError::SimpleString(s))));
+			.map_err(UtilError::SimpleString)));

 		let chain = BlockChain::new(Default::default(), gb, raw_db.clone());
 		let blocks = try!(BlockRebuilder::new(chain, manifest.block_number));
@@ -207,23 +207,17 @@ impl Service {
 		};

 		// create the snapshot dir if it doesn't exist.
-		match fs::create_dir_all(service.snapshot_dir()) {
-			Err(e) => {
-				if e.kind() != ErrorKind::AlreadyExists {
-					return Err(e.into())
-				}
+		if let Err(e) = fs::create_dir_all(service.snapshot_dir()) {
+			if e.kind() != ErrorKind::AlreadyExists {
+				return Err(e.into())
 			}
-			_ => {}
 		}

 		// delete the temporary restoration dir if it does exist.
-		match fs::remove_dir_all(service.restoration_dir()) {
-			Err(e) => {
-				if e.kind() != ErrorKind::NotFound {
-					return Err(e.into())
-				}
+		if let Err(e) = fs::remove_dir_all(service.restoration_dir()) {
+			if e.kind() != ErrorKind::NotFound {
+				return Err(e.into())
 			}
-			_ => {}
 		}

 		Ok(service)
@@ -434,4 +428,4 @@ impl SnapshotService for Service {
 		self.io_channel.send(ClientIoMessage::FeedBlockChunk(hash, chunk))
 			.expect("snapshot service and io service are kept alive by client service; qed");
 	}
-}
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/tests/blocks.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/tests/blocks.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use devtools::RandomTempPath;

 use blockchain::generator::{ChainGenerator, ChainIterator, BlockFinalizer};
 use blockchain::BlockChain;
-use snapshot::{chunk_blocks, BlockRebuilder};
+use snapshot::{chunk_blocks, BlockRebuilder, Progress};
 use snapshot::io::{PackedReader, PackedWriter, SnapshotReader, SnapshotWriter};

 use util::{Mutex, snappy};
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ fn chunk_and_restore(amount: u64) {

 	// snapshot it.
 	let writer = Mutex::new(PackedWriter::new(&snapshot_path).unwrap());
-	let block_hashes = chunk_blocks(&bc, (amount, best_hash), &writer).unwrap();
+	let block_hashes = chunk_blocks(&bc, (amount, best_hash), &writer, &Progress::default()).unwrap();
 	writer.into_inner().finish(::snapshot::ManifestData {
 		state_hashes: Vec::new(),
 		block_hashes: block_hashes,
@@ -88,4 +88,4 @@ fn chunk_and_restore(amount: u64) {
 fn chunk_and_restore_500() { chunk_and_restore(500) }

 #[test]
-fn chunk_and_restore_40k() { chunk_and_restore(40000) }
+fn chunk_and_restore_40k() { chunk_and_restore(40000) }
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/tests/helpers.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/tests/helpers.rs
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ pub fn fill_storage(mut db: AccountDBMut, root: &mut H256, seed: &mut H256) {
 pub fn compare_dbs(one: &HashDB, two: &HashDB) {
 	let keys = one.keys();

-	for (key, _) in keys {
+	for key in keys.keys() {
 		assert_eq!(one.get(&key).unwrap(), two.get(&key).unwrap());
 	}
-}
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/snapshot/tests/state.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/snapshot/tests/state.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@

 //! State snapshotting tests.

-use snapshot::{chunk_state, StateRebuilder};
+use snapshot::{chunk_state, Progress, StateRebuilder};
 use snapshot::io::{PackedReader, PackedWriter, SnapshotReader, SnapshotWriter};
 use super::helpers::{compare_dbs, StateProducer};

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ fn snap_and_restore() {
 	let state_root = producer.state_root();
 	let writer = Mutex::new(PackedWriter::new(&snap_file).unwrap());

-	let state_hashes = chunk_state(&old_db, &state_root, &writer).unwrap();
+	let state_hashes = chunk_state(&old_db, &state_root, &writer, &Progress::default()).unwrap();

 	writer.into_inner().finish(::snapshot::ManifestData {
 		state_hashes: state_hashes,
@@ -79,4 +79,4 @@ fn snap_and_restore() {
 	let new_db = journaldb::new(db, Algorithm::Archive, ::client::DB_COL_STATE);

 	compare_dbs(&old_db, new_db.as_hashdb());
-}
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/spec/spec.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/spec/spec.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use common::*;
 use engines::{Engine, NullEngine, InstantSeal, BasicAuthority};
 use pod_state::*;
 use account_db::*;
+use state_db::StateDB;
 use super::genesis::Genesis;
 use super::seal::Generic as GenericSeal;
 use ethereum;
@@ -36,7 +37,9 @@ pub struct CommonParams {
 	/// Maximum size of extra data.
 	pub maximum_extra_data_size: usize,
 	/// Network id.
-	pub network_id: U256,
+	pub network_id: usize,
+	/// Main subprotocol name.
+	pub subprotocol_name: String,
 	/// Minimum gas limit.
 	pub min_gas_limit: U256,
 	/// Fork block to check.
@@ -49,6 +52,7 @@ impl From<ethjson::spec::Params> for CommonParams {
 			account_start_nonce: p.account_start_nonce.into(),
 			maximum_extra_data_size: p.maximum_extra_data_size.into(),
 			network_id: p.network_id.into(),
+			subprotocol_name: p.subprotocol_name.unwrap_or_else(|| "eth".to_owned()),
 			min_gas_limit: p.min_gas_limit.into(),
 			fork_block: if let (Some(n), Some(h)) = (p.fork_block, p.fork_hash) { Some((n.into(), h.into())) } else { None },
 		}
@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@ impl Spec {
 	pub fn nodes(&self) -> &[String] { &self.nodes }

 	/// Get the configured Network ID.
-	pub fn network_id(&self) -> U256 { self.params.network_id }
+	pub fn network_id(&self) -> usize { self.params.network_id }

 	/// Get the configured network fork block.
 	pub fn fork_block(&self) -> Option<(BlockNumber, H256)> { self.params.fork_block }
@@ -229,19 +233,20 @@ impl Spec {
 	}

 	/// Ensure that the given state DB has the trie nodes in for the genesis state.
-	pub fn ensure_db_good(&self, db: &mut HashDB) -> Result<bool, Box<TrieError>> {
-		if !db.contains(&self.state_root()) {
+	pub fn ensure_db_good(&self, db: &mut StateDB) -> Result<bool, Box<TrieError>> {
+		if !db.as_hashdb().contains(&self.state_root()) {
 			let mut root = H256::new();
 			{
-				let mut t = SecTrieDBMut::new(db, &mut root);
+				let mut t = SecTrieDBMut::new(db.as_hashdb_mut(), &mut root);
 				for (address, account) in self.genesis_state.get().iter() {
 					try!(t.insert(address.as_slice(), &account.rlp()));
 				}
 			}
 			for (address, account) in self.genesis_state.get().iter() {
-				account.insert_additional(&mut AccountDBMut::new(db, address));
+				db.note_non_null_account(address);
+				account.insert_additional(&mut AccountDBMut::new(db.as_hashdb_mut(), address));
 			}
-			assert!(db.contains(&self.state_root()));
+			assert!(db.as_hashdb().contains(&self.state_root()));
 			Ok(true)
 		} else { Ok(false) }
 	}
--- a/ethcore/src/state.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/state.rs
--- a/ethcore/src/state_db.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/state_db.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+// Copyright 2015, 2016 Ethcore (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Parity.
+
+// Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use std::collections::{VecDeque, HashSet};
+use lru_cache::LruCache;
+use util::journaldb::JournalDB;
+use util::hash::{H256};
+use util::hashdb::HashDB;
+use account::Account;
+use header::BlockNumber;
+use util::{Arc, Address, Database, DBTransaction, UtilError, Mutex, Hashable, BytesConvertable};
+use bloomfilter::{Bloom, BloomJournal};
+use client::DB_COL_ACCOUNT_BLOOM;
+use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ByteOrder};
+
+const STATE_CACHE_ITEMS: usize = 256000;
+const STATE_CACHE_BLOCKS: usize = 12;
+
+/// Shared canonical state cache.
+struct AccountCache {
+	/// DB Account cache. `None` indicates that account is known to be missing.
+	accounts: LruCache<Address, Option<Account>>,
+	/// Accounts changed in recently committed blocks. Ordered by block number.
+	modifications: VecDeque<BlockChanges>,
+}
+
+/// Buffered account cache item.
+struct CacheQueueItem {
+	/// Account address.
+	address: Address,
+	/// Acccount data or `None` if account does not exist.
+	account: Option<Account>,
+	/// Indicates that the account was modified before being
+	/// added to the cache.
+	modified: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+/// Accumulates a list of accounts changed in a block.
+struct BlockChanges {
+	/// Block number.
+	number: BlockNumber,
+	/// Block hash.
+	hash: H256,
+	/// Parent block hash.
+	parent: H256,
+	/// A set of modified account addresses.
+	accounts: HashSet<Address>,
+	/// Block is part of the canonical chain.
+	is_canon: bool,
+}
+
+/// State database abstraction.
+/// Manages shared global state cache.
+/// A clone of `StateDB` may be created as canonical or not.
+/// For canonical clones cache changes are accumulated and applied
+/// on commit.
+/// For non-canonical clones cache is cleared on commit.
+pub struct StateDB {
+	/// Backing database.
+	db: Box<JournalDB>,
+	/// Shared canonical state cache.
+	account_cache: Arc<Mutex<AccountCache>>,
+	/// Local cache buffer.
+	cache_buffer: Vec<CacheQueueItem>,
+	/// Shared account bloom. Does not handle chain reorganizations.
+	account_bloom: Arc<Mutex<Bloom>>,
+	/// Hash of the block on top of which this instance was created or
+	/// `None` if cache is disabled
+	parent_hash: Option<H256>,
+	/// Hash of the committing block or `None` if not committed yet.
+	commit_hash: Option<H256>,
+	/// Number of the committing block or `None` if not committed yet.
+	commit_number: Option<BlockNumber>,
+}
+
+pub const ACCOUNT_BLOOM_SPACE: usize = 1048576;
+pub const DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_PRESET: usize = 1000000;
+
+pub const ACCOUNT_BLOOM_HASHCOUNT_KEY: &'static [u8] = b"account_hash_count";
+
+impl StateDB {
+	/// Loads accounts bloom from the database
+	/// This bloom is used to handle request for the non-existant account fast
+	pub fn load_bloom(db: &Database) -> Bloom {
+		let hash_count_entry = db.get(DB_COL_ACCOUNT_BLOOM, ACCOUNT_BLOOM_HASHCOUNT_KEY)
+			.expect("Low-level database error");
+
+		if hash_count_entry.is_none() {
+			return Bloom::new(ACCOUNT_BLOOM_SPACE, DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_PRESET);
+		}
+		let hash_count_bytes = hash_count_entry.unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(hash_count_bytes.len(), 1);
+		let hash_count = hash_count_bytes[0];
+
+		let mut bloom_parts = vec![0u64; ACCOUNT_BLOOM_SPACE / 8];
+		let mut key = [0u8; 8];
+		for i in 0..ACCOUNT_BLOOM_SPACE / 8 {
+			LittleEndian::write_u64(&mut key, i as u64);
+			bloom_parts[i] = db.get(DB_COL_ACCOUNT_BLOOM, &key).expect("low-level database error")
+				.and_then(|val| Some(LittleEndian::read_u64(&val[..])))
+				.unwrap_or(0u64);
+		}
+
+		let bloom = Bloom::from_parts(&bloom_parts, hash_count as u32);
+		trace!(target: "account_bloom", "Bloom is {:?} full, hash functions count = {:?}", bloom.how_full(), hash_count);
+		bloom
+	}
+
+	/// Create a new instance wrapping `JournalDB`
+	pub fn new(db: Box<JournalDB>) -> StateDB {
+		let bloom = Self::load_bloom(db.backing());
+		StateDB {
+			db: db,
+			account_cache: Arc::new(Mutex::new(AccountCache {
+				accounts: LruCache::new(STATE_CACHE_ITEMS),
+				modifications: VecDeque::new(),
+			})),
+			cache_buffer: Vec::new(),
+			account_bloom: Arc::new(Mutex::new(bloom)),
+			parent_hash: None,
+			commit_hash: None,
+			commit_number: None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn check_non_null_bloom(&self, address: &Address) -> bool {
+		trace!(target: "account_bloom", "Check account bloom: {:?}", address);
+		let bloom = self.account_bloom.lock();
+		bloom.check(address.sha3().as_slice())
+	}
+
+	pub fn note_non_null_account(&self, address: &Address) {
+		trace!(target: "account_bloom", "Note account bloom: {:?}", address);
+		let mut bloom = self.account_bloom.lock();
+		bloom.set(address.sha3().as_slice());
+	}
+
+	pub fn commit_bloom(batch: &DBTransaction, journal: BloomJournal) -> Result<(), UtilError> {
+		assert!(journal.hash_functions <= 255);
+		try!(batch.put(DB_COL_ACCOUNT_BLOOM, ACCOUNT_BLOOM_HASHCOUNT_KEY, &vec![journal.hash_functions as u8]));
+		let mut key = [0u8; 8];
+		let mut val = [0u8; 8];
+
+		for (bloom_part_index, bloom_part_value) in journal.entries {
+			LittleEndian::write_u64(&mut key, bloom_part_index as u64);
+			LittleEndian::write_u64(&mut val, bloom_part_value);
+			try!(batch.put(DB_COL_ACCOUNT_BLOOM, &key, &val));
+		}
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	/// Commit all recent insert operations and canonical historical commits' removals from the
+	/// old era to the backing database, reverting any non-canonical historical commit's inserts.
+	pub fn commit(&mut self, batch: &DBTransaction, now: u64, id: &H256, end: Option<(u64, H256)>) -> Result<u32, UtilError> {
+		{
+			let mut bloom_lock = self.account_bloom.lock();
+			try!(Self::commit_bloom(batch, bloom_lock.drain_journal()));
+		}
+
+		let records = try!(self.db.commit(batch, now, id, end));
+		self.commit_hash = Some(id.clone());
+		self.commit_number = Some(now);
+		Ok(records)
+	}
+
+	/// Apply buffered cache changes and synchronize canonical
+	/// state cache with the best block state.
+	/// This function updates the cache by removing entries that are
+	/// invalidated by chain reorganization. `update_cache` should be
+	/// called after the block has been commited and the blockchain
+	/// route has ben calculated.
+	pub fn sync_cache(&mut self, enacted: &[H256], retracted: &[H256], is_best: bool) {
+		trace!("sync_cache id = (#{:?}, {:?}), parent={:?}, best={}", self.commit_number, self.commit_hash, self.parent_hash, is_best);
+		let mut cache = self.account_cache.lock();
+		let mut cache = &mut *cache;
+
+		// Clean changes from re-enacted and retracted blocks
+		let mut clear = false;
+		for block in enacted.iter().filter(|h| self.commit_hash.as_ref().map_or(true, |p| *h != p)) {
+			clear = clear || {
+				if let Some(ref mut m) = cache.modifications.iter_mut().find(|ref m| &m.hash == block) {
+					trace!("Reverting enacted block {:?}", block);
+					m.is_canon = true;
+					for a in &m.accounts {
+						trace!("Reverting enacted address {:?}", a);
+						cache.accounts.remove(a);
+					}
+					false
+				} else {
+					true
+				}
+			};
+		}
+
+		for block in retracted {
+			clear = clear || {
+				if let Some(ref mut m) = cache.modifications.iter_mut().find(|ref m| &m.hash == block) {
+					trace!("Retracting block {:?}", block);
+					m.is_canon = false;
+					for a in &m.accounts {
+						trace!("Retracted address {:?}", a);
+						cache.accounts.remove(a);
+					}
+					false
+				} else {
+					true
+				}
+			};
+		}
+		if clear {
+			// We don't know anything about the block; clear everything
+			trace!("Wiping cache");
+			cache.accounts.clear();
+			cache.modifications.clear();
+		}
+
+		// Apply cache changes only if committing on top of the latest canonical state
+		// blocks are ordered by number and only one block with a given number is marked as canonical
+		// (contributed to canonical state cache)
+		if let (Some(ref number), Some(ref hash), Some(ref parent)) = (self.commit_number, self.commit_hash, self.parent_hash) {
+			if cache.modifications.len() == STATE_CACHE_BLOCKS {
+				cache.modifications.pop_back();
+			}
+			let mut modifications = HashSet::new();
+			trace!("committing {} cache entries", self.cache_buffer.len());
+			for account in self.cache_buffer.drain(..) {
+				if account.modified {
+					modifications.insert(account.address.clone());
+				}
+				if is_best {
+					if let Some(&mut Some(ref mut existing)) = cache.accounts.get_mut(&account.address) {
+						if let Some(new) = account.account {
+							if account.modified {
+								existing.overwrite_with(new);
+							}
+							continue;
+						}
+					}
+					cache.accounts.insert(account.address, account.account);
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Save modified accounts. These are ordered by the block number.
+			let block_changes = BlockChanges {
+				accounts: modifications,
+				number: *number,
+				hash: hash.clone(),
+				is_canon: is_best,
+				parent: parent.clone(),
+			};
+			let insert_at = cache.modifications.iter().enumerate().find(|&(_, ref m)| m.number < *number).map(|(i, _)| i);
+			trace!("inserting modifications at {:?}", insert_at);
+			if let Some(insert_at) = insert_at {
+				cache.modifications.insert(insert_at, block_changes);
+			} else {
+				cache.modifications.push_back(block_changes);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Returns an interface to HashDB.
+	pub fn as_hashdb(&self) -> &HashDB {
+		self.db.as_hashdb()
+	}
+
+	/// Returns an interface to mutable HashDB.
+	pub fn as_hashdb_mut(&mut self) -> &mut HashDB {
+		self.db.as_hashdb_mut()
+	}
+
+	/// Clone the database.
+	pub fn boxed_clone(&self) -> StateDB {
+		StateDB {
+			db: self.db.boxed_clone(),
+			account_cache: self.account_cache.clone(),
+			cache_buffer: Vec::new(),
+			account_bloom: self.account_bloom.clone(),
+			parent_hash: None,
+			commit_hash: None,
+			commit_number: None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Clone the database for a canonical state.
+	pub fn boxed_clone_canon(&self, parent: &H256) -> StateDB {
+		StateDB {
+			db: self.db.boxed_clone(),
+			account_cache: self.account_cache.clone(),
+			cache_buffer: Vec::new(),
+			account_bloom: self.account_bloom.clone(),
+			parent_hash: Some(parent.clone()),
+			commit_hash: None,
+			commit_number: None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Check if pruning is enabled on the database.
+	pub fn is_pruned(&self) -> bool {
+		self.db.is_pruned()
+	}
+
+	/// Heap size used.
+	pub fn mem_used(&self) -> usize {
+		self.db.mem_used() //TODO: + self.account_cache.lock().heap_size_of_children()
+	}
+
+	/// Returns underlying `JournalDB`.
+	pub fn journal_db(&self) -> &JournalDB {
+		&*self.db
+	}
+
+	/// Returns underlying `JournalDB`.
+	pub fn journal_db_mut(&mut self) -> &mut JournalDB {
+		&mut *self.db
+	}
+
+	/// Add pending cache change.
+	/// The change is queued to be applied in `commit`.
+	pub fn add_to_account_cache(&mut self, addr: Address, data: Option<Account>, modified: bool) {
+		self.cache_buffer.push(CacheQueueItem {
+			address: addr,
+			account: data,
+			modified: modified,
+		})
+	}
+
+	/// Get basic copy of the cached account. Does not include storage.
+	/// Returns 'None' if cache is disabled or if the account is not cached.
+	pub fn get_cached_account(&self, addr: &Address) -> Option<Option<Account>> {
+		let mut cache = self.account_cache.lock();
+		if !Self::is_allowed(addr, &self.parent_hash, &cache.modifications) {
+			return None;
+		}
+		cache.accounts.get_mut(&addr).map(|a| a.as_ref().map(|a| a.clone_basic()))
+	}
+
+	/// Get value from a cached account.
+	/// Returns 'None' if cache is disabled or if the account is not cached.
+	pub fn get_cached<F, U>(&self, a: &Address, f: F) -> Option<U>
+		where F: FnOnce(Option<&mut Account>) -> U {
+		let mut cache = self.account_cache.lock();
+		if !Self::is_allowed(a, &self.parent_hash, &cache.modifications) {
+			return None;
+		}
+		cache.accounts.get_mut(a).map(|c| f(c.as_mut()))
+	}
+
+	/// Check if the account can be returned from cache by matching current block parent hash against canonical
+	/// state and filtering out account modified in later blocks.
+	fn is_allowed(addr: &Address, parent_hash: &Option<H256>, modifications: &VecDeque<BlockChanges>) -> bool {
+		let mut parent = match *parent_hash {
+			None => {
+				trace!("Cache lookup skipped for {:?}: no parent hash", addr);
+				return false;
+			}
+			Some(ref parent) => parent,
+		};
+		if modifications.is_empty() {
+			return true;
+		}
+		// Ignore all accounts modified in later blocks
+		// Modifications contains block ordered by the number
+		// We search for our parent in that list first and then for
+		// all its parent until we hit the canonical block,
+		// checking against all the intermediate modifications.
+		let mut iter = modifications.iter();
+		while let Some(ref m) = iter.next() {
+			if &m.hash == parent {
+				if m.is_canon {
+					return true;
+				}
+				parent = &m.parent;
+			}
+			if m.accounts.contains(addr) {
+				trace!("Cache lookup skipped for {:?}: modified in a later block", addr);
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		trace!("Cache lookup skipped for {:?}: parent hash is unknown", addr);
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+
+use util::{U256, H256, FixedHash, Address, DBTransaction};
+use tests::helpers::*;
+use account::Account;
+use util::log::init_log;
+
+#[test]
+fn state_db_smoke() {
+	init_log();
+
+	let mut state_db_result = get_temp_state_db();
+	let state_db = state_db_result.take();
+	let root_parent = H256::random();
+	let address = Address::random();
+	let h0 = H256::random();
+	let h1a = H256::random();
+	let h1b = H256::random();
+	let h2a = H256::random();
+	let h2b = H256::random();
+	let h3a = H256::random();
+	let h3b = H256::random();
+	let mut batch = DBTransaction::new(state_db.journal_db().backing());
+
+	// blocks  [ 3a(c) 2a(c) 2b 1b 1a(c) 0 ]
+    // balance [ 5     5     4  3  2     2 ]
+	let mut s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&root_parent);
+	s.add_to_account_cache(address, Some(Account::new_basic(2.into(), 0.into())), false);
+	s.commit(&mut batch, 0, &h0, None).unwrap();
+	s.sync_cache(&[], &[], true);
+
+	let mut s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h0);
+	s.commit(&mut batch, 1, &h1a, None).unwrap();
+	s.sync_cache(&[], &[], true);
+
+	let mut s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h0);
+	s.add_to_account_cache(address, Some(Account::new_basic(3.into(), 0.into())), true);
+	s.commit(&mut batch, 1, &h1b, None).unwrap();
+	s.sync_cache(&[], &[], false);
+
+	let mut s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h1b);
+	s.add_to_account_cache(address, Some(Account::new_basic(4.into(), 0.into())), true);
+	s.commit(&mut batch, 2, &h2b, None).unwrap();
+	s.sync_cache(&[], &[], false);
+
+	let mut s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h1a);
+	s.add_to_account_cache(address, Some(Account::new_basic(5.into(), 0.into())), true);
+	s.commit(&mut batch, 2, &h2a, None).unwrap();
+	s.sync_cache(&[], &[], true);
+
+	let mut s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h2a);
+	s.commit(&mut batch, 3, &h3a, None).unwrap();
+	s.sync_cache(&[], &[], true);
+
+	let s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h3a);
+	assert_eq!(s.get_cached_account(&address).unwrap().unwrap().balance(), &U256::from(5));
+
+	let s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h1a);
+	assert!(s.get_cached_account(&address).is_none());
+
+	let s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h2b);
+	assert!(s.get_cached_account(&address).is_none());
+
+	let s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h1b);
+	assert!(s.get_cached_account(&address).is_none());
+
+	// reorg to 3b
+	// blocks  [ 3b(c) 3a 2a 2b(c) 1b 1a 0 ]
+	let mut s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h2b);
+	s.commit(&mut batch, 3, &h3b, None).unwrap();
+	s.sync_cache(&[h1b.clone(), h2b.clone(), h3b.clone()], &[h1a.clone(), h2a.clone(), h3a.clone()], true);
+	let s = state_db.boxed_clone_canon(&h3a);
+	assert!(s.get_cached_account(&address).is_none());
+}
+}
+
--- a/ethcore/src/substate.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/substate.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use util::{Address, U256};
 use log_entry::LogEntry;
+use evm::Schedule;
+use state::CleanupMode;

 /// State changes which should be applied in finalize,
 /// after transaction is fully executed.
@@ -26,6 +28,9 @@ pub struct Substate {
 	/// Any accounts that have suicided.
 	pub suicides: HashSet<Address>,

+	/// Any accounts that are tagged for garbage collection.
+	pub garbage: HashSet<Address>,
+
 	/// Any logs.
 	pub logs: Vec<LogEntry>,

@@ -45,10 +50,20 @@ impl Substate {
 	/// Merge secondary substate `s` into self, accruing each element correspondingly.
 	pub fn accrue(&mut self, s: Substate) {
 		self.suicides.extend(s.suicides.into_iter());
+		self.garbage.extend(s.garbage.into_iter());
 		self.logs.extend(s.logs.into_iter());
 		self.sstore_clears_count = self.sstore_clears_count + s.sstore_clears_count;
 		self.contracts_created.extend(s.contracts_created.into_iter());
 	}
+
+	/// Get the cleanup mode object from this.
+	pub fn to_cleanup_mode(&mut self, schedule: &Schedule) -> CleanupMode {
+		match (schedule.no_empty, schedule.kill_empty) {
+			(false, _) => CleanupMode::ForceCreate,
+			(true, false) => CleanupMode::NoEmpty,
+			(true, true) => CleanupMode::KillEmpty(&mut self.garbage),
+		}
+	}
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
--- a/ethcore/src/tests/client.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/tests/client.rs
@@ -16,11 +16,14 @@

 use io::IoChannel;
 use client::{BlockChainClient, MiningBlockChainClient, Client, ClientConfig, BlockID};
+use state::CleanupMode;
+use ethereum;
 use block::IsBlock;
 use tests::helpers::*;
 use common::*;
 use devtools::*;
 use miner::Miner;
+use spec::Spec;

 #[test]
 fn imports_from_empty() {
@@ -31,6 +34,14 @@ fn imports_from_empty() {
 	client.flush_queue();
 }

+#[test]
+fn should_return_registrar() {
+	let dir = RandomTempPath::new();
+	let spec = ethereum::new_morden();
+	let client = Client::new(ClientConfig::default(), &spec, dir.as_path(), Arc::new(Miner::with_spec(&spec)), IoChannel::disconnected()).unwrap();
+	assert_eq!(client.additional_params().get("registrar"), Some(&"8e4e9b13d4b45cb0befc93c3061b1408f67316b2".to_owned()));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn returns_state_root_basic() {
 	let client_result = generate_dummy_client(6);
@@ -142,7 +153,7 @@ fn can_handle_long_fork() {
 	push_blocks_to_client(client, 49, 1201, 800);
 	push_blocks_to_client(client, 53, 1201, 600);

-	for _ in 0..40 {
+	for _ in 0..400 {
 		client.import_verified_blocks();
 	}
 	assert_eq!(2000, client.chain_info().best_block_number);
@@ -158,3 +169,26 @@ fn can_mine() {

 	assert_eq!(*b.block().header().parent_hash(), BlockView::new(&dummy_blocks[0]).header_view().sha3());
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn change_history_size() {
+	let dir = RandomTempPath::new();
+	let test_spec = Spec::new_null();
+	let mut config = ClientConfig::default();
+	config.history = 2;
+	let address = Address::random();
+	{
+		let client = Client::new(ClientConfig::default(), &test_spec, dir.as_path(), Arc::new(Miner::with_spec(&test_spec)), IoChannel::disconnected()).unwrap();
+		for _ in 0..20 {
+			let mut b = client.prepare_open_block(Address::default(), (3141562.into(), 31415620.into()), vec![]);
+			b.block_mut().fields_mut().state.add_balance(&address, &5.into(), CleanupMode::NoEmpty);
+			b.block_mut().fields_mut().state.commit().unwrap();
+			let b = b.close_and_lock().seal(&*test_spec.engine, vec![]).unwrap();
+			client.import_sealed_block(b).unwrap(); // account change is in the journal overlay
+		}
+	}
+	let mut config = ClientConfig::default();
+	config.history = 10;
+	let client = Client::new(config, &test_spec, dir.as_path(), Arc::new(Miner::with_spec(&test_spec)), IoChannel::disconnected()).unwrap();
+	assert_eq!(client.state().balance(&address), 100.into());
+}
--- a/ethcore/src/tests/helpers.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/tests/helpers.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use io::*;
 use client::{self, BlockChainClient, Client, ClientConfig};
 use common::*;
 use spec::*;
+use state_db::StateDB;
 use block::{OpenBlock, Drain};
 use blockchain::{BlockChain, Config as BlockChainConfig};
 use state::*;
@@ -31,19 +32,21 @@ use miner::Miner;
 pub enum ChainEra {
 	Frontier,
 	Homestead,
-	DaoHardfork,
+	Eip150,
+	Eip161,
+	TransitionTest,
 }

 pub struct TestEngine {
 	engine: Arc<Engine>,
-	max_depth: usize
+	max_depth: usize,
 }

 impl TestEngine {
 	pub fn new(max_depth: usize) -> TestEngine {
 		TestEngine {
 			engine: ethereum::new_frontier_test().engine,
-			max_depth: max_depth
+			max_depth: max_depth,
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -134,11 +137,11 @@ pub fn generate_dummy_client_with_spec_and_data<F>(get_test_spec: F, block_numbe

 	let test_spec = get_test_spec();
 	let client = Client::new(ClientConfig::default(), &test_spec, dir.as_path(), Arc::new(Miner::with_spec(&test_spec)), IoChannel::disconnected()).unwrap();
-	let test_engine = &test_spec.engine;
+	let test_engine = &*test_spec.engine;

-	let mut db_result = get_temp_journal_db();
+	let mut db_result = get_temp_state_db();
 	let mut db = db_result.take();
-	test_spec.ensure_db_good(db.as_hashdb_mut()).unwrap();
+	test_spec.ensure_db_good(&mut db).unwrap();
 	let vm_factory = Default::default();
 	let genesis_header = test_spec.genesis_header();

@@ -155,7 +158,7 @@ pub fn generate_dummy_client_with_spec_and_data<F>(get_test_spec: F, block_numbe

 		// forge block.
 		let mut b = OpenBlock::new(
-			test_engine.deref(),
+			test_engine,
 			&vm_factory,
 			Default::default(),
 			false,
@@ -179,11 +182,11 @@ pub fn generate_dummy_client_with_spec_and_data<F>(get_test_spec: F, block_numbe
 				action: Action::Create,
 				data: vec![],
 				value: U256::zero(),
-			}.sign(kp.secret()), None).unwrap();
+			}.sign(kp.secret(), None), None).unwrap();
 			n += 1;
 		}

-		let b = b.close_and_lock().seal(test_engine.deref(), vec![]).unwrap();
+		let b = b.close_and_lock().seal(test_engine, vec![]).unwrap();

 		if let Err(e) = client.import_block(b.rlp_bytes()) {
 			panic!("error importing block which is valid by definition: {:?}", e);
@@ -303,9 +306,9 @@ pub fn generate_dummy_empty_blockchain() -> GuardedTempResult<BlockChain> {
 	}
 }

-pub fn get_temp_journal_db() -> GuardedTempResult<Box<JournalDB>> {
+pub fn get_temp_state_db() -> GuardedTempResult<StateDB> {
 	let temp = RandomTempPath::new();
-	let journal_db = get_temp_journal_db_in(temp.as_path());
+	let journal_db = get_temp_state_db_in(temp.as_path());

 	GuardedTempResult {
 		_temp: temp,
@@ -315,7 +318,7 @@ pub fn get_temp_journal_db() -> GuardedTempResult<Box<JournalDB>> {

 pub fn get_temp_state() -> GuardedTempResult<State> {
 	let temp = RandomTempPath::new();
-	let journal_db = get_temp_journal_db_in(temp.as_path());
+	let journal_db = get_temp_state_db_in(temp.as_path());

 	GuardedTempResult {
 	    _temp: temp,
@@ -323,13 +326,14 @@ pub fn get_temp_state() -> GuardedTempResult<State> {
 	}
 }

-pub fn get_temp_journal_db_in(path: &Path) -> Box<JournalDB> {
+pub fn get_temp_state_db_in(path: &Path) -> StateDB {
 	let db = new_db(path.to_str().expect("Only valid utf8 paths for tests."));
-	journaldb::new(db.clone(), journaldb::Algorithm::EarlyMerge, None)
+	let journal_db = journaldb::new(db.clone(), journaldb::Algorithm::EarlyMerge, client::DB_COL_STATE);
+	StateDB::new(journal_db)
 }

 pub fn get_temp_state_in(path: &Path) -> State {
-	let journal_db = get_temp_journal_db_in(path);
+	let journal_db = get_temp_state_db_in(path);
 	State::new(journal_db, U256::from(0), Default::default())
 }

--- a/ethcore/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -16,4 +16,6 @@

 pub mod helpers;
 mod client;
+
+#[cfg(feature="ipc")]
 mod rpc;
--- a/ethcore/src/trace/db.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/trace/db.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 //! Trace database.
-use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use bloomchain::{Number, Config as BloomConfig};
@@ -119,8 +119,9 @@ pub struct TraceDB<T> where T: DatabaseExtras {
 impl<T> BloomGroupDatabase for TraceDB<T> where T: DatabaseExtras {
 	fn blooms_at(&self, position: &GroupPosition) -> Option<BloomGroup> {
 		let position = TraceGroupPosition::from(position.clone());
-		self.note_used(CacheID::Bloom(position.clone()));
-		self.tracesdb.read_with_cache(DB_COL_TRACE, &self.blooms, &position).map(Into::into)
+		let result = self.tracesdb.read_with_cache(DB_COL_TRACE, &self.blooms, &position).map(Into::into);
+		self.note_used(CacheID::Bloom(position));
+		result
 	}
 }

@@ -174,11 +175,13 @@ impl<T> TraceDB<T> where T: DatabaseExtras {

 	/// Ticks our cache system and throws out any old data.
 	pub fn collect_garbage(&self) {
-		let mut cache_manager = self.cache_manager.write();
-		cache_manager.collect_garbage(|| self.cache_size(), | ids | {
-			let mut traces = self.traces.write();
-			let mut blooms = self.blooms.write();
+		let current_size = self.cache_size();

+		let mut traces = self.traces.write();
+		let mut blooms = self.blooms.write();
+		let mut cache_manager = self.cache_manager.write();
+
+		cache_manager.collect_garbage(current_size, | ids | {
 			for id in &ids {
 				match *id {
 					CacheID::Trace(ref h) => { traces.remove(h); },
@@ -187,13 +190,16 @@ impl<T> TraceDB<T> where T: DatabaseExtras {
 			}
 			traces.shrink_to_fit();
 			blooms.shrink_to_fit();
+
+			traces.heap_size_of_children() + blooms.heap_size_of_children()
 		});
 	}

 	/// Returns traces for block with hash.
 	fn traces(&self, block_hash: &H256) -> Option<FlatBlockTraces> {
+		let result = self.tracesdb.read_with_cache(DB_COL_TRACE, &self.traces, block_hash);
 		self.note_used(CacheID::Trace(block_hash.clone()));
-		self.tracesdb.read_with_cache(DB_COL_TRACE, &self.traces, block_hash)
+		result
 	}

 	/// Returns vector of transaction traces for given block.
@@ -262,16 +268,6 @@ impl<T> TraceDatabase for TraceDB<T> where T: DatabaseExtras {
 			return;
 		}

-		// at first, let's insert new block traces
-		{
-			// note_used must be called before locking traces to avoid cache/traces deadlock on garbage collection
-			self.note_used(CacheID::Trace(request.block_hash.clone()));
-			let mut traces = self.traces.write();
-			// it's important to use overwrite here,
-			// cause this value might be queried by hash later
-			batch.write_with_cache(DB_COL_TRACE, traces.deref_mut(), request.block_hash, request.traces, CacheUpdatePolicy::Overwrite);
-		}
-
 		// now let's rebuild the blooms
 		{
 			let range_start = request.block_number as Number + 1 - request.enacted.len();
@@ -282,24 +278,38 @@ impl<T> TraceDatabase for TraceDB<T> where T: DatabaseExtras {
 				// all traces are expected to be found here. That's why `expect` has been used
 				// instead of `filter_map`. If some traces haven't been found, it meens that
 				// traces database is corrupted or incomplete.
-				.map(|block_hash| self.traces(block_hash).expect("Traces database is incomplete."))
-				.map(|block_traces| block_traces.bloom())
+				.map(|block_hash| if block_hash == &request.block_hash {
+					request.traces.bloom()
+				} else {
+					self.traces(block_hash).expect("Traces database is incomplete.").bloom()
+				})
 				.map(blooms::Bloom::from)
 				.map(Into::into)
 				.collect();

+			// insert new block traces into the cache and the database
+			{
+				let mut traces = self.traces.write();
+				// it's important to use overwrite here,
+				// cause this value might be queried by hash later
+				batch.write_with_cache(DB_COL_TRACE, &mut *traces, request.block_hash, request.traces, CacheUpdatePolicy::Overwrite);
+				// note_used must be called after locking traces to avoid cache/traces deadlock on garbage collection
+				self.note_used(CacheID::Trace(request.block_hash.clone()));
+			}
+
 			let chain = BloomGroupChain::new(self.bloom_config, self);
 			let trace_blooms = chain.replace(&replaced_range, enacted_blooms);
 			let blooms_to_insert = trace_blooms.into_iter()
 				.map(|p| (From::from(p.0), From::from(p.1)))
 				.collect::<HashMap<TraceGroupPosition, blooms::BloomGroup>>();

-			// note_used must be called before locking blooms to avoid cache/traces deadlock on garbage collection
-			for key in blooms_to_insert.keys() {
-				self.note_used(CacheID::Bloom(key.clone()));
-			}
+			let blooms_keys: Vec<_> = blooms_to_insert.keys().cloned().collect();
 			let mut blooms = self.blooms.write();
-			batch.extend_with_cache(DB_COL_TRACE, blooms.deref_mut(), blooms_to_insert, CacheUpdatePolicy::Remove);
+			batch.extend_with_cache(DB_COL_TRACE, &mut *blooms, blooms_to_insert, CacheUpdatePolicy::Remove);
+			// note_used must be called after locking blooms to avoid cache/traces deadlock on garbage collection
+			for key in blooms_keys.into_iter() {
+				self.note_used(CacheID::Bloom(key));
+			}
 		}
 	}

--- a/ethcore/src/trace/executive_tracer.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/trace/executive_tracer.rs
@@ -52,11 +52,12 @@ fn update_trace_address(traces: Vec<FlatTrace>) -> Vec<FlatTrace> {
 	let mut subtrace_subtraces_left = 0;
 	traces.into_iter().map(|mut trace| {
 		let is_top_subtrace = trace.trace_address.is_empty();
+		let is_subtrace = trace.trace_address.len() == 1;
 		trace.trace_address.push_front(top_subtrace_index);

 		if is_top_subtrace {
 			subtrace_subtraces_left = trace.subtraces;
-		} else {
+		} else if is_subtrace {
 			subtrace_subtraces_left -= 1;
 		}

--- a/ethcore/src/types/filter.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/types/filter.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use std::mem;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;

 /// Blockchain Filter.
-#[derive(Binary)]
+#[derive(Binary, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Filter {
 	/// Blockchain will be searched from this block.
 	pub from_block: BlockID,
--- a/ethcore/src/types/receipt.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/types/receipt.rs
@@ -80,6 +80,23 @@ impl HeapSizeOf for Receipt {
 	}
 }

+/// Receipt with additional info.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Binary)]
+pub struct RichReceipt {
+	/// Transaction hash.
+	pub transaction_hash: H256,
+	/// Transaction index.
+	pub transaction_index: usize,
+	/// The total gas used in the block following execution of the transaction.
+	pub cumulative_gas_used: U256,
+	/// The gas used in the execution of the transaction. Note the difference of meaning to `Receipt::gas_used`.
+	pub gas_used: U256,
+	/// Contract address.
+	pub contract_address: Option<Address>,
+	/// Logs
+	pub logs: Vec<LogEntry>,
+}
+
 /// Receipt with additional info.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Binary)]
 pub struct LocalizedReceipt {
--- a/ethcore/src/types/trace_types/trace.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/types/trace_types/trace.rs
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ impl From<ActionParams> for Create {
 			from: p.sender,
 			value: p.value.value(),
 			gas: p.gas,
-			init: p.code.unwrap_or_else(Vec::new),
+			init: p.code.map_or_else(Vec::new, |c| (*c).clone()),
 		}
 	}
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/types/transaction.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/types/transaction.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use util::numbers::*;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use util::rlp::*;
 use util::sha3::*;
-use util::{UtilError, CryptoError, Bytes, Signature, Secret, ec};
+use util::{UtilError, CryptoError, Bytes, Signature, Secret, Public, ec};
 use std::cell::*;
 use error::*;
 use evm::Schedule;
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ pub struct Transaction {

 impl Transaction {
 	/// Append object with a without signature into RLP stream
-	pub fn rlp_append_unsigned_transaction(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
-		s.begin_list(6);
+	pub fn rlp_append_unsigned_transaction(&self, s: &mut RlpStream, network_id: Option<u8>) {
+		s.begin_list(if let None = network_id { 6 } else { 9 });
 		s.append(&self.nonce);
 		s.append(&self.gas_price);
 		s.append(&self.gas);
@@ -86,6 +86,11 @@ impl Transaction {
 		};
 		s.append(&self.value);
 		s.append(&self.data);
+		if let Some(n) = network_id {
+			s.append(&n);
+			s.append(&0u8);
+			s.append(&0u8);
+		}
 	}
 }

@@ -102,7 +107,7 @@ impl From<ethjson::state::Transaction> for SignedTransaction {
 			},
 			value: t.value.into(),
 			data: t.data.into(),
-		}.sign(&t.secret.into())
+		}.sign(&t.secret.into(), None)
 	}
 }

@@ -132,26 +137,27 @@ impl From<ethjson::transaction::Transaction> for SignedTransaction {

 impl Transaction {
 	/// The message hash of the transaction.
-	pub fn hash(&self) -> H256 {
+	pub fn hash(&self, network_id: Option<u8>) -> H256 {
 		let mut stream = RlpStream::new();
-		self.rlp_append_unsigned_transaction(&mut stream);
+		self.rlp_append_unsigned_transaction(&mut stream, network_id);
 		stream.out().sha3()
 	}

 	/// Signs the transaction as coming from `sender`.
-	pub fn sign(self, secret: &Secret) -> SignedTransaction {
-		let sig = ec::sign(secret, &self.hash()).unwrap();
-		self.with_signature(sig)
+	pub fn sign(self, secret: &Secret, network_id: Option<u8>) -> SignedTransaction {
+		let sig = ec::sign(secret, &self.hash(network_id))
+			.expect("data is valid and context has signing capabilities; qed");
+		self.with_signature(sig, network_id)
 	}

 	/// Signs the transaction with signature.
-	pub fn with_signature(self, sig: H520) -> SignedTransaction {
+	pub fn with_signature(self, sig: Signature, network_id: Option<u8>) -> SignedTransaction {
 		let (r, s, v) = sig.to_rsv();
 		SignedTransaction {
 			unsigned: self,
 			r: r,
 			s: s,
-			v: v + 27,
+			v: v + if let Some(n) = network_id { 35 + n * 2 } else { 27 },
 			hash: Cell::new(None),
 			sender: Cell::new(None),
 		}
@@ -201,7 +207,8 @@ impl Transaction {
 pub struct SignedTransaction {
 	/// Plain Transaction.
 	unsigned: Transaction,
-	/// The V field of the signature, either 27 or 28; helps describe the point on the curve.
+	/// The V field of the signature; the LS bit described which half of the curve our point falls
+	/// in. The MS bits describe which network this transaction is for. If 27/28, its for all networks.  
 	v: u8,
 	/// The R field of the signature; helps describe the point on the curve.
 	r: U256,
@@ -257,7 +264,7 @@ impl Encodable for SignedTransaction {

 impl SignedTransaction {
 	/// Append object with a signature into RLP stream
-	pub fn rlp_append_sealed_transaction(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
+	fn rlp_append_sealed_transaction(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
 		s.begin_list(9);
 		s.append(&self.nonce);
 		s.append(&self.gas_price);
@@ -286,8 +293,16 @@ impl SignedTransaction {
 		}
 	}

-	/// 0 is `v` is 27, 1 if 28, and 4 otherwise.
-	pub fn standard_v(&self) -> u8 { match self.v { 27 => 0, 28 => 1, _ => 4 } }
+	/// 0 if `v` would have been 27 under "Electrum" notation, 1 if 28 or 4 if invalid.
+	pub fn standard_v(&self) -> u8 { match self.v { v if v == 27 || v == 28 || v > 36 => (v - 1) % 2, _ => 4 } }
+
+	/// The network ID, or `None` if this is a global transaction. 
+	pub fn network_id(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+		match self.v {
+			v if v > 36 => Some((v - 35) / 2),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}

 	/// Construct a signature object from the sig.
 	pub fn signature(&self) -> Signature { Signature::from_rsv(&From::from(&self.r), &From::from(&self.s), self.standard_v()) }
@@ -303,28 +318,38 @@ impl SignedTransaction {

 	/// Returns transaction sender.
 	pub fn sender(&self) -> Result<Address, Error> {
-		let sender = self.sender.get();
-		match sender {
-			Some(s) => Ok(s),
-			None => {
-				let s = Address::from(try!(ec::recover(&self.signature(), &self.unsigned.hash())).sha3());
-				self.sender.set(Some(s));
-				Ok(s)
-			}
-		}
+ 		let sender = self.sender.get();
+ 		match sender {
+ 			Some(s) => Ok(s),
+ 			None => {
+ 				let s = Address::from(try!(self.public_key()).sha3());
+ 				self.sender.set(Some(s));
+ 				Ok(s)
+ 			}
+ 		}
+	}
+
+	/// Returns the public key of the sender.
+	pub fn public_key(&self) -> Result<Public, Error> {
+		Ok(try!(ec::recover(&self.signature(), &self.unsigned.hash(self.network_id()))))
 	}

 	/// Do basic validation, checking for valid signature and minimum gas,
 	// TODO: consider use in block validation.
 	#[cfg(test)]
 	#[cfg(feature = "json-tests")]
-	pub fn validate(self, schedule: &Schedule, require_low: bool) -> Result<SignedTransaction, Error> {
+	pub fn validate(self, schedule: &Schedule, require_low: bool, allow_network_id_of_one: bool) -> Result<SignedTransaction, Error> {
 		if require_low && !ec::is_low_s(&self.s) {
 			return Err(Error::Util(UtilError::Crypto(CryptoError::InvalidSignature)));
 		}
+		match self.network_id() {
+			None => {},
+			Some(1) if allow_network_id_of_one => {},
+			_ => return Err(TransactionError::InvalidNetworkId.into()),
+		}
 		try!(self.sender());
 		if self.gas < U256::from(self.gas_required(&schedule)) {
-			Err(From::from(TransactionError::InvalidGasLimit(::util::OutOfBounds{min: Some(U256::from(self.gas_required(&schedule))), max: None, found: self.gas})))
+			Err(TransactionError::InvalidGasLimit(::util::OutOfBounds{min: Some(U256::from(self.gas_required(&schedule))), max: None, found: self.gas}).into())
 		} else {
 			Ok(self)
 		}
@@ -364,6 +389,7 @@ fn sender_test() {
 	} else { panic!(); }
 	assert_eq!(t.value, U256::from(0x0au64));
 	assert_eq!(t.sender().unwrap(), address_from_hex("0f65fe9276bc9a24ae7083ae28e2660ef72df99e"));
+	assert_eq!(t.network_id(), None);
 }

 #[test]
@@ -376,8 +402,9 @@ fn signing() {
 		gas: U256::from(50_000),
 		value: U256::from(1),
 		data: b"Hello!".to_vec()
-	}.sign(&key.secret());
+	}.sign(&key.secret(), None);
 	assert_eq!(Address::from(key.public().sha3()), t.sender().unwrap());
+	assert_eq!(t.network_id(), None);
 }

 #[test]
@@ -391,7 +418,47 @@ fn fake_signing() {
 		data: b"Hello!".to_vec()
 	}.fake_sign(Address::from(0x69));
 	assert_eq!(Address::from(0x69), t.sender().unwrap());
+	assert_eq!(t.network_id(), None);

 	let t = t.clone();
 	assert_eq!(Address::from(0x69), t.sender().unwrap());
+	assert_eq!(t.network_id(), None);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn should_recover_from_network_specific_signing() {
+	let key = ::util::crypto::KeyPair::create().unwrap();
+	let t = Transaction {
+		action: Action::Create,
+		nonce: U256::from(42),
+		gas_price: U256::from(3000),
+		gas: U256::from(50_000),
+		value: U256::from(1),
+		data: b"Hello!".to_vec()
+	}.sign(&key.secret(), Some(69));
+	assert_eq!(Address::from(key.public().sha3()), t.sender().unwrap());
+	assert_eq!(t.network_id(), Some(69));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn should_agree_with_vitalik() {
+	use rustc_serialize::hex::FromHex;
+
+	let test_vector = |tx_data: &str, address: &'static str| {
+		let signed: SignedTransaction = decode(&FromHex::from_hex(tx_data).unwrap());
+		signed.check_low_s().unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(signed.sender().unwrap(), address.into());
+		flushln!("networkid: {:?}", signed.network_id()); 
+	};
+
+	test_vector("f864808504a817c800825208943535353535353535353535353535353535353535808025a0044852b2a670ade5407e78fb2863c51de9fcb96542a07186fe3aeda6bb8a116da0044852b2a670ade5407e78fb2863c51de9fcb96542a07186fe3aeda6bb8a116d", "0xf0f6f18bca1b28cd68e4357452947e021241e9ce")
+	test_vector("f864018504a817c80182a410943535353535353535353535353535353535353535018025a0489efdaa54c0f20c7adf612882df0950f5a951637e0307cdcb4c672f298b8bcaa0489efdaa54c0f20c7adf612882df0950f5a951637e0307cdcb4c672f298b8bc6", "0x23ef145a395ea3fa3deb533b8a9e1b4c6c25d112")
+	test_vector("f864028504a817c80282f618943535353535353535353535353535353535353535088025a02d7c5bef027816a800da1736444fb58a807ef4c9603b7848673f7e3a68eb14a5a02d7c5bef027816a800da1736444fb58a807ef4c9603b7848673f7e3a68eb14a5", "0x2e485e0c23b4c3c542628a5f672eeab0ad4888be")
+	test_vector("f865038504a817c803830148209435353535353535353535353535353535353535351b8025a02a80e1ef1d7842f27f2e6be0972bb708b9a135c38860dbe73c27c3486c34f4e0a02a80e1ef1d7842f27f2e6be0972bb708b9a135c38860dbe73c27c3486c34f4de", "0x82a88539669a3fd524d669e858935de5e5410cf0")
+	test_vector("f865048504a817c80483019a28943535353535353535353535353535353535353535408025a013600b294191fc92924bb3ce4b969c1e7e2bab8f4c93c3fc6d0a51733df3c063a013600b294191fc92924bb3ce4b969c1e7e2bab8f4c93c3fc6d0a51733df3c060", "0xf9358f2538fd5ccfeb848b64a96b743fcc930554")
+	test_vector("f865058504a817c8058301ec309435353535353535353535353535353535353535357d8025a04eebf77a833b30520287ddd9478ff51abbdffa30aa90a8d655dba0e8a79ce0c1a04eebf77a833b30520287ddd9478ff51abbdffa30aa90a8d655dba0e8a79ce0c1", "0xa8f7aba377317440bc5b26198a363ad22af1f3a4")
+	test_vector("f866068504a817c80683023e3894353535353535353535353535353535353535353581d88025a06455bf8ea6e7463a1046a0b52804526e119b4bf5136279614e0b1e8e296a4e2fa06455bf8ea6e7463a1046a0b52804526e119b4bf5136279614e0b1e8e296a4e2d", "0xf1f571dc362a0e5b2696b8e775f8491d3e50de35")
+	test_vector("f867078504a817c807830290409435353535353535353535353535353535353535358201578025a052f1a9b320cab38e5da8a8f97989383aab0a49165fc91c737310e4f7e9821021a052f1a9b320cab38e5da8a8f97989383aab0a49165fc91c737310e4f7e9821021", "0xd37922162ab7cea97c97a87551ed02c9a38b7332")
+	test_vector("f867088504a817c8088302e2489435353535353535353535353535353535353535358202008025a064b1702d9298fee62dfeccc57d322a463ad55ca201256d01f62b45b2e1c21c12a064b1702d9298fee62dfeccc57d322a463ad55ca201256d01f62b45b2e1c21c10", "0x9bddad43f934d313c2b79ca28a432dd2b7281029")
+	test_vector("f867098504a817c809830334509435353535353535353535353535353535353535358202d98025a052f8f61201b2b11a78d6e866abc9c3db2ae8631fa656bfe5cb53668255367afba052f8f61201b2b11a78d6e866abc9c3db2ae8631fa656bfe5cb53668255367afb", "0x3c24d7329e92f84f08556ceb6df1cdb0104ca49f")
 }
--- a/ethcore/src/verification/verification.rs
+++ b/ethcore/src/verification/verification.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ pub fn verify_block_basic(header: &Header, bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine) -> Res
 	try!(verify_header(&header, engine));
 	try!(verify_block_integrity(bytes, &header.transactions_root, &header.uncles_hash));
 	try!(engine.verify_block_basic(&header, Some(bytes)));
-	for u in Rlp::new(bytes).at(2).iter().map(|rlp| rlp.as_val::<Header>()) {
+	for u in try!(UntrustedRlp::new(bytes).at(2)).iter().map(|rlp| rlp.as_val::<Header>()) {
+		let u = try!(u);
 		try!(verify_header(&u, engine));
 		try!(engine.verify_block_basic(&u, None));
 	}
@@ -58,8 +59,8 @@ pub fn verify_block_basic(header: &Header, bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine) -> Res
 /// Returns a `PreverifiedBlock` structure populated with transactions
 pub fn verify_block_unordered(header: Header, bytes: Bytes, engine: &Engine) -> Result<PreverifiedBlock, Error> {
 	try!(engine.verify_block_unordered(&header, Some(&bytes)));
-	for u in Rlp::new(&bytes).at(2).iter().map(|rlp| rlp.as_val::<Header>()) {
-		try!(engine.verify_block_unordered(&u, None));
+	for u in try!(UntrustedRlp::new(&bytes).at(2)).iter().map(|rlp| rlp.as_val::<Header>()) {
+		try!(engine.verify_block_unordered(&try!(u), None));
 	}
 	// Verify transactions.
 	let mut transactions = Vec::new();
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ pub fn verify_block_family(header: &Header, bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine, bc: &
 	try!(verify_parent(&header, &parent));
 	try!(engine.verify_block_family(&header, &parent, Some(bytes)));

-	let num_uncles = Rlp::new(bytes).at(2).item_count();
+	let num_uncles = try!(UntrustedRlp::new(bytes).at(2)).item_count();
 	if num_uncles != 0 {
 		if num_uncles > engine.maximum_uncle_count() {
 			return Err(From::from(BlockError::TooManyUncles(OutOfBounds { min: None, max: Some(engine.maximum_uncle_count()), found: num_uncles })));
@@ -106,7 +107,8 @@ pub fn verify_block_family(header: &Header, bytes: &[u8], engine: &Engine, bc: &
 			}
 		}

-		for uncle in Rlp::new(bytes).at(2).iter().map(|rlp| rlp.as_val::<Header>()) {
+		for uncle in try!(UntrustedRlp::new(bytes).at(2)).iter().map(|rlp| rlp.as_val::<Header>()) {
+			let uncle = try!(uncle);
 			if excluded.contains(&uncle.hash()) {
 				return Err(From::from(BlockError::UncleInChain(uncle.hash())))
 			}
@@ -210,13 +212,13 @@ fn verify_parent(header: &Header, parent: &Header) -> Result<(), Error> {

 /// Verify block data against header: transactions root and uncles hash.
 fn verify_block_integrity(block: &[u8], transactions_root: &H256, uncles_hash: &H256) -> Result<(), Error> {
-	let block = Rlp::new(block);
-	let tx = block.at(1);
+	let block = UntrustedRlp::new(block);
+	let tx = try!(block.at(1));
 	let expected_root = &ordered_trie_root(tx.iter().map(|r| r.as_raw().to_vec()).collect()); //TODO: get rid of vectors here
 	if expected_root != transactions_root {
 		return Err(From::from(BlockError::InvalidTransactionsRoot(Mismatch { expected: expected_root.clone(), found: transactions_root.clone() })))
 	}
-	let expected_uncles = &block.at(2).as_raw().sha3();
+	let expected_uncles = &try!(block.at(2)).as_raw().sha3();
 	if expected_uncles != uncles_hash {
 		return Err(From::from(BlockError::InvalidUnclesHash(Mismatch { expected: expected_uncles.clone(), found: uncles_hash.clone() })))
 	}
@@ -342,7 +344,7 @@ mod tests {
 		// Test against morden
 		let mut good = Header::new();
 		let spec = Spec::new_test();
-		let engine = &spec.engine;
+		let engine = &*spec.engine;

 		let min_gas_limit = engine.params().min_gas_limit;
 		good.gas_limit = min_gas_limit;
@@ -358,7 +360,7 @@ mod tests {
 			gas: U256::from(30_000),
 			gas_price: U256::from(40_000),
 			nonce: U256::one()
-		}.sign(keypair.secret());
+		}.sign(keypair.secret(), None);

 		let tr2 = Transaction {
 			action: Action::Create,
@@ -367,7 +369,7 @@ mod tests {
 			gas: U256::from(30_000),
 			gas_price: U256::from(40_000),
 			nonce: U256::from(2)
-		}.sign(keypair.secret());
+		}.sign(keypair.secret(), None);

 		let good_transactions = [ tr1.clone(), tr2.clone() ];

@@ -423,69 +425,69 @@ mod tests {
 		bc.insert(create_test_block(&parent7));
 		bc.insert(create_test_block(&parent8));

-		check_ok(basic_test(&create_test_block(&good), engine.deref()));
+		check_ok(basic_test(&create_test_block(&good), engine));

 		let mut header = good.clone();
 		header.transactions_root = good_transactions_root.clone();
 		header.uncles_hash = good_uncles_hash.clone();
-		check_ok(basic_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine.deref()));
+		check_ok(basic_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine));

 		header.gas_limit = min_gas_limit - From::from(1);
-		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block(&header), engine.deref()),
+		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block(&header), engine),
 			InvalidGasLimit(OutOfBounds { min: Some(min_gas_limit), max: None, found: header.gas_limit }));

 		header = good.clone();
 		header.number = BlockNumber::max_value();
-		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block(&header), engine.deref()),
+		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block(&header), engine),
 			RidiculousNumber(OutOfBounds { max: Some(BlockNumber::max_value()), min: None, found: header.number }));

 		header = good.clone();
 		header.gas_used = header.gas_limit + From::from(1);
-		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block(&header), engine.deref()),
+		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block(&header), engine),
 			TooMuchGasUsed(OutOfBounds { max: Some(header.gas_limit), min: None, found: header.gas_used }));

 		header = good.clone();
 		header.extra_data.resize(engine.maximum_extra_data_size() + 1, 0u8);
-		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block(&header), engine.deref()),
+		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block(&header), engine),
 			ExtraDataOutOfBounds(OutOfBounds { max: Some(engine.maximum_extra_data_size()), min: None, found: header.extra_data.len() }));

 		header = good.clone();
 		header.extra_data.resize(engine.maximum_extra_data_size() + 1, 0u8);
-		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block(&header), engine.deref()),
+		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block(&header), engine),
 			ExtraDataOutOfBounds(OutOfBounds { max: Some(engine.maximum_extra_data_size()), min: None, found: header.extra_data.len() }));

 		header = good.clone();
 		header.uncles_hash = good_uncles_hash.clone();
-		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine.deref()),
+		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine),
 			InvalidTransactionsRoot(Mismatch { expected: good_transactions_root.clone(), found: header.transactions_root }));

 		header = good.clone();
 		header.transactions_root = good_transactions_root.clone();
-		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine.deref()),
+		check_fail(basic_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine),
 			InvalidUnclesHash(Mismatch { expected: good_uncles_hash.clone(), found: header.uncles_hash }));

-		check_ok(family_test(&create_test_block(&good), engine.deref(), &bc));
-		check_ok(family_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&good, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine.deref(), &bc));
+		check_ok(family_test(&create_test_block(&good), engine, &bc));
+		check_ok(family_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&good, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine, &bc));

 		header = good.clone();
 		header.parent_hash = H256::random();
-		check_fail(family_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine.deref(), &bc),
+		check_fail(family_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine, &bc),
 			UnknownParent(header.parent_hash));

 		header = good.clone();
 		header.timestamp = 10;
-		check_fail(family_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine.deref(), &bc),
+		check_fail(family_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine, &bc),
 			InvalidTimestamp(OutOfBounds { max: None, min: Some(parent.timestamp + 1), found: header.timestamp }));

 		header = good.clone();
 		header.number = 9;
-		check_fail(family_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine.deref(), &bc),
+		check_fail(family_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &good_uncles), engine, &bc),
 			InvalidNumber(Mismatch { expected: parent.number + 1, found: header.number }));

 		header = good.clone();
 		let mut bad_uncles = good_uncles.clone();
 		bad_uncles.push(good_uncle1.clone());
-		check_fail(family_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &bad_uncles), engine.deref(), &bc),
+		check_fail(family_test(&create_test_block_with_data(&header, &good_transactions, &bad_uncles), engine, &bc),
 			TooManyUncles(OutOfBounds { max: Some(engine.maximum_uncle_count()), min: None, found: bad_uncles.len() }));

 		// TODO: some additional uncle checks
--- a/ethkey/src/brain.rs
+++ b/ethkey/src/brain.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 use keccak::Keccak256;
-use super::{KeyPair, Error, Generator, Secret};
+use super::{KeyPair, Error, Generator};

 /// Simple brainwallet.
 pub struct Brain(String);
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ impl Generator for Brain {
 			match i > 16384 {
 				false => i += 1,
 				true => {
-					let result = KeyPair::from_secret(Secret::from(secret.clone()));
-					if result.is_ok() {
-						return result
+					let result = KeyPair::from_secret(secret.clone().into());
+					if result.as_ref().ok().map_or(false, |r| r.address()[0] == 0) {
+						return result;
 					}
 				},
 			}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More